{"id":28762,"date":"2021-09-09T22:54:32","date_gmt":"2021-09-09T14:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28762"},"modified":"2021-09-09T22:54:32","modified_gmt":"2021-09-09T14:54:32","slug":"%e6%95%91%e5%91%bd%e6%96%87%e6%a1%a3%e8%83%8c%e5%90%8e%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28762","title":{"rendered":"\u6551\u547d\u6587\u6863\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2012\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e1c\u5317\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Northeastern University\uff09<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\u5df4\u62c9\u5df4\u897f<\/span>\uff08Albert-Laszlo-Barabasi\uff09 <\/span>\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u00b7\u7269\u7406\u300b<\/span>\uff08Nature Physics\uff09<\/span>\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u300b<\/span>\uff08The network takeover\uff09<\/span>[2]\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7280\u5229\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe4. 2016 \u7f8e\u56fd\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u6d2a\u707e\u65f6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc[5]\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u6240\u6307\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\u662f\u8be5\u5dde\u9996\u5e9c\u5df4\u541e\u9c81\u65e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u6b21\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u7684\u7f55\u89c1\u7279\u5927\u66b4\u96e8\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u6c14\u5019\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6700\u590d\u6742\u3001\u53d8\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u636e\u6c14\u8c61\u89c2\u6d4b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u7279\u5927\u66b4\u96e8\u4e2d\uff0c\u90d1\u5dde1\u5c0f\u65f6\u964d\u6c34\u91cf 201.9mm\uff0c\u4e09\u5929\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u8fbe 617.1mm\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5f80\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u964d\u6c34\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd8\u662f\u6c14\u5019\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c<\/strong>\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u6765\u81ea\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694<\/strong>\u201d\u73b0\u8c61[9]\uff1a\u4f60\u548c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u95f4\u9694\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u8fc7\u201c\u4e94\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u8bb2\u5230\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u6700\u591a\u901a\u8fc7\u516d\u4e2a\u4eba<\/strong>\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002\u4ea7\u751f \u201c\u516d\u5ea6\u5206\u9694\u201d\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6cb3\u5357\u6d2a\u707e\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u6551\u547d\u6587\u6863\u201d\u805a\u96c6\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c42\u52a9\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\uff1b\u518d\u4f8b\u5982\u5357\u6781\u6d32\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u90fd\u6709\u6781\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u662f\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6e29\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u5929\u6c14\u5f02\u52a8\u548c\u6d2a\u707e\uff0c\u5f15\u53d1\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u707e\u533a\u7684\u5173\u6000\u548c\u6551\u63f4\uff0c\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5168\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bf9\u6cb3\u5357\u6d2a\u707e\u7684\u6551\u63f4\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u535a\u5f08\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8054\u901a\u6027<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u8fb9\uff0c\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Degree\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7528d\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fb9\u662f\u6709\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5206\u4e3a\u51fa\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Out-degree\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5165\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08In-degree\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u4e0a\u4ebf\u7c89\u4e1d\u7684\u660e\u661f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u5e03\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5177\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u660e\u661f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u51fa\u5ea6\u503c\u5c31\u5f88\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6027\u8d28\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Connectivity\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u8def\u5f84\uff1b\u4e00\u822c\u7f51\u7edc\u5f80\u5f80\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u8fde\u901a\u7247<\/strong>\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u901a\u7247\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u53d7\u707e\u5730\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u5411\u5916\u901a\u8baf\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe7. \u865a\u7ebf\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u7247\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u7247[11]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u901a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u7247\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de8\u7247<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Giant Component\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u6570\u4ee5\u5343\u4e07\u8ba1\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5de8\u7247\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u67d0\u4e00\u5929\u5206\u522b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u7247\u7684\u4eba\u5076\u7136\u76f8\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u8fb9\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5de8\u7247\u5408\u5e76\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5de8\u7247<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u5927\u9646\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Density)<\/span> \uff0c\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u4e0e\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8fb9\u6570\u4e4b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e3a1\uff0c\u4e14\u901a\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe8. \u8138\u4e66\u90e8\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5de8\u7247[12]<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u589e\u5927\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u6446\u8131\u5730\u57df\u3001\u8eab\u4efd\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u56fd\u7c4d\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u865a\u62df\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u8fde\u63a5\u5f97\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u3001\u66f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u6b63\u5728\u5174\u8d77\u7684\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u4e92\u8054\u201d\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u8d85\u8d8a\u73b0\u5b9e\u865a\u62df\u754c\u9650\u4e4b\u5206\u7684\u5143\u5b87\u5b99<\/span>\uff08Metaverse\uff09<\/span>\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u8138\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u901a\u7247\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d 99.91% \u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/strong>[13]\u3002\u5fae\u535a\u4e0a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5404\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u503c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u51e0\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u503c\u6309\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5f97\u5230\u5ea6\u4e3a k \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b  p<\/span>k<\/sub>\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Degree distribution\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fe9\u6240\u793a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b10\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6709p<\/span>0<\/sub>=1\/10\uff0cp<\/span>1<\/sub>=2\/10\uff0cp<\/span>2<\/sub>=4\/10\uff0cp<\/span>3<\/sub>=2\/10\uff0cp<\/span>4<\/sub>=1\/10\uff0cp<\/span>k<\/sub>=0\uff08k>4\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe9. \u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5404\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6[14]<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4ece\u6982\u7387\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cp<\/span>k<\/sub>\u5c31\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5ea6\u4e3a k \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230 p<\/span>k<\/sub> \u7684\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe10\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4e2d\u95f4\u5927\uff0c\u4e24\u8fb9\u5c0f\uff0c\u56fe\u50cf\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u949f\u5f62\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Normal distribution\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe10. \u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u8868\u793a[15]<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e5f\u53eb\u9ad8\u65af\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u5747\u503c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6837\u672c\u90fd\u843d\u5728\u5747\u503c\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u4e8b\u7269\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5448\u73b0\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u8eab\u9ad8\u662f\u7531\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u8425\u517b\u3001\u73af\u5883\u7b49\u7b49\u65e0\u6570\u72ec\u7acb\u56e0\u7d20\u7d2f\u52a0\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u5448\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5e73\u5747\u8eab\u9ad8\u76f8\u5dee\u592a\u8fdc\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u5206\u6001\u5e03\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u968f\u673a<\/strong>\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5374\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5168\u7403\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d22\u5bcc\u5206\u5e03\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u7a77\u8005\u6108\u7a77\uff0c\u5bcc\u8005\u6108\u5bcc<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5206\u5e03\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u53eb\u957f\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u957f\u5c3e\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Power law distribution\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u539f\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570x\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5e42\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u603b\u6570\u4f1a\u6b63\u6bd4x\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u603b\u8fde\u63a5\u5206\u5e03\u662fx\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u5e42\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e0e\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u949f\u5f62\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u957f\u5c3e\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7279\u5f81\u6807\u5ea6<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u53d6\u503c\u4e0d\u843d\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u72ed\u7a84\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u5747\u503c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u6574\u4e2a\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6210\u5458\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7a77\u4eba\u548c\u4ebf\u4e07\u5bcc\u7fc1\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u7a77\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u5bcc\u4eba\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u4e3a\u5e42\u5f8b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Scale-free network\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe11\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03[15]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u5e94\u5728\u56fe\u50cf\u4e0a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5b50\u7f51\u7edc\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9009\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u539f\u7f51\u7edc\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe12\uff0c\u6216\u56fe2\u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u6807\u5ea6\u6216\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u4f38\u7f29\u4e0d\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u53eb\u505a\u5206\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe12. \u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6807\u5ea6\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027[16]<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5927\u91cf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u6d2a\u707e\u4e92\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u4e5f\u8fd1\u4f3c\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u7684\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u5e03\u5c31\u7b26\u5408\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7ecf\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u6cb3\u5357\u65b0\u4e61\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u7fa4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6cb3\u5357\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u536052.7%\uff0c\u8fbd\u5b8114.89%\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u6c5f\u82cf\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u5206\u522b\u53604%-3.5%\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u56db\u5ddd\u3001\u6e56\u5317\u7b4924\u4e2a\u7701\u3001\u81ea\u6cbb\u533a\u548c\u76f4\u8f96\u5e02\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u53602.4%-0.4%<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u8ddd\u79bb\u6cb3\u5357\u975e\u5e38\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u65b0\u7586\u3001\u897f\u85cf\u3001\u4e91\u5357\u548c\u5185\u8499\u53e4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9999\u6e2f\u7279\u522b\u884c\u653f\u533a\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6cb3\u5357\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u540e\u9762\u5206\u5e03\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u957f\u5c3e\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u4ece\u4e2d\u53d6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cb3\u5357\u672c\u5730\u6837\u672c\u5b50\u7fa4\u6765\u770b\uff1a\u65b0\u4e61\u672c\u5730\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5360\u5927\u7ea654.07%\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u90d1\u5dde24.48%\uff0c\u5357\u96338.15%\uff0c\u6d1b\u96335.16%\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5360\u6bd42.22%-0.74%\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u957f\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u707e\u533a\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u5206\u5e03\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u76f8\u4f3c\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff1f\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5f62\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u4f5c\u7528\u91cf\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u603b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u53d1\u751f\u4f5c\u7528\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd8\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u589e\u957f\u548c\u4f18\u5148\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
1. \u589e\u957f<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u65ad\u6269\u5927\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5df2\u5b58\u8282\u70b9\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e9\u671f\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u88ab\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8f83\u5927\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
2. \u4f18\u5148\u8fde\u63a5<\/strong>\uff1a\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u662f\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u8fde\u63a5\u5ea6\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u540c\u7b49\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u9009\u62e9\u670b\u53cb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u505a\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u968f\u673a\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u504f\u597d\uff0c\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u603b\u662f\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u539f\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u5bcc\u8005\u66f4\u5bcc\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u79cd\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u603b\u662f\u8d8b\u4e8e\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03<\/span>\uff08\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94\u6216\u4e8c\u516b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u8001\u5b50\u6240\u8a00\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u635f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5949\u6709\u4f59\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u201c\u5929\u9053\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u6216\u201c\u4e4c\u6258\u90a6\u201d\u7406\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u624d\u6781\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u672c\u8d8b\u4e8e\u6700\u5c0f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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