{"id":28953,"date":"2021-09-19T20:10:14","date_gmt":"2021-09-19T12:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28953"},"modified":"2021-09-19T20:10:14","modified_gmt":"2021-09-19T12:10:14","slug":"%e4%bb%80%e4%b9%88%e6%98%af%e9%9a%8f%e6%9c%ba%e5%af%b9%e7%85%a7%e8%af%95%e9%aa%8c-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=28953","title":{"rendered":"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u636e\u4fee\u6539\u76842010\u5e74CONSORT (\u7efc\u5408\u62a5\u544a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6807\u51c6\uff09\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e24\u7ec4\u5e73\u884c\u968f\u673a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5206\u4e3a\u767b\u8bb0\u3001\u5206\u914d\u3001\u5e72\u9884\u3001\u968f\u8bbf\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u56db\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u5e72\u9884\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7167\u5904\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c Randomized controlled trial\uff08RCT\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982:\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff09\u6216\u5e72\u9884\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b0\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u67d0\u4e9b\u504f\u501a\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u518d\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u6216\u591a\u7ec4\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4)\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5982\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6216\u65e0\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u76d1\u6d4b\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u7597\u6548\u6bd4\u8f83\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u6216\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53ef\u80fd\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u76f2\u6cd5 blinded experiment\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5f71\u54cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5b8c\u6210\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u516c\u5e03\u3002\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u6280\u672f\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4eba\u5458\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5f3a\u52a0\u76f2\u3002\u6709\u6548\u7684\u76f2\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u76f2\u6cd5\u7684 RCT \u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u76f2\u6cd5\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4b\u533b\u7597\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u836f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u7b49\u4e0d\u826f\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u6cbb\u7597\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5065\u5eb7\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u201c RCT\u201d\u548c\u201c\u968f\u673a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u5bf9\u7167\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f83\u591a\u4e2a\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5e38\u6709\u201c\u968f\u673a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u968f\u673a\u6bd4\u8f83\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5f15\u53d1\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u968f\u673a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u90fd\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u65bd\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u6216\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff09\u3002\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c1747\u5e74James Lind\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6cbb\u7597\u574f\u8840\u75c5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u30021784\u5e74\uff0cFrench Royal Commission on Animal Magnetism\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u76f2\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u8c03\u67e5\u50ac\u7720\u672f\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u63d0\u5021\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5931\u660e\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u81eaClaude Bernard\u3002Bernard\u5efa\u8bae\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u4e0d\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5efa\u8bae\u4e0e\u542f\u8499\u65f6\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5373\u79d1\u5b66\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ea\u6709\u7531\u53d7\u8fc7\u826f\u597d\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u6d88\u606f\u7075\u901a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u624d\u80fd\u5ba2\u89c2\u6709\u6548\u30021907\u5e74\uff0cW. H. R. Rivers\u548cH. N. Webber\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u76f2\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5496\u5561\u56e0\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cCharles Sanders Peirce\u548cJoseph Jastrow\u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u5165\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\uff0cJerzy Neyman\u548cRonald A. Fisher\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f15\u5165\u519c\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u3002Fisher\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u666e\u53ca\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u533b\u5b66\u4e0a\u9996\u6b21\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u51fa\u73b0\u57281948\u5e74\u9898\u4e3a\u300aStreptomycin treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis\u300b\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u662fAustin Bradford Hill\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6784\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3 RCT\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21 ISIS \u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u6cbb\u7597\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u88ab\u516c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u533b\u5b66\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7597\u6cd5\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u622a\u81f32004\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd Cochrane\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6709\u8d85\u8fc715\u4e07\u672c\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u533b\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u5c0f\u7ec4\u57281996\u5e74\u30012001\u5e74\u548c2010\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT)\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u58f0\u660e\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u968f\u673a\u5316\u662f\u5c06\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5206\u914d\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u6216\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u673a\u4f1a\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f26\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/strong>
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e73\u8861\u539f\u5219\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eRCT\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e73\u8861\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u5747\u52bf\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e2a\u4eba\u5747\u52bf\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81(\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684)\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cZelen \u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u4e4b\u524d\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b5b\u9009\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6cbb\u7597\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8981\u4e3a\u53c2\u52a0\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u77e5\u60c5\u540c\u610f\u4e66\uff0c\u4f461982\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bb0\u5f55\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597; \u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u79cd\u201d\u6cbb\u7597\u6027\u8bef\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

RCT\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u79cd\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u60a3\u6709\u665a\u671f\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5165\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4ee5\u5e0c\u671b\u6cbb\u6108\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6ce8\u518c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n
2004\u5e74\uff0c \u533b\u5b66\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08ICMJE\uff09\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u57282005\u5e747\u67081\u65e5\u4e4b\u540e\u8003\u8651\u5728\u8be5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a12\u79cd\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8bd5\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u6ce8\u518c\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u767b\u8bb0\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6216\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u533b\u5b66\u671f\u520a\u5c06\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u767b\u8bb0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5206\u7c7b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bf9 RCT \u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u5230\u6700\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\uff0cRCT \u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u522b\u662f\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \u5e73\u884c\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u63a5\u53d7\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\uff09\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    <\/section>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \u4ea4\u53c9\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\uff09\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      <\/section>\n
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      • \n
        \u805a\u7c7b\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1a\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7ec4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6751\u5e84\u3001\u5b66\u6821\uff09\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\uff08\u6216\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\uff09\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        <\/section>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \u56e0\u5b50\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u5e72\u9884\u6216\u975e\u5e72\u9884\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7ec4\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7b2c1\u7ec4\u63a5\u53d7\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20X\u548c\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20Y\uff0c\u7b2c2\u7ec4\u63a5\u53d7\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20X\u548c\u5b89\u6170\u5242Y\uff0c\u7b2c3\u7ec4\u63a5\u53d7\u5b89\u6170\u5242X\u548c\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20Y\uff0c\u7b2c4\u7ec4\u63a5\u53d7\u5b89\u6170\u5242X\u548c\u5b89\u6170\u5242Y\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \u5bf92006\u5e7412\u6708\u5728 PubMed \u6536\u5f55\u7684616\u4f8b\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c78% \u4e3a\u5e73\u884c\u7ec4\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c16% \u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u7ec4\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c2% \u4e3a\u5206\u4f53\u7ec4\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c2% \u4e3a\u805a\u7c7b\u7ec4\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c2% \u4e3a\u56e0\u5b50\u7ec4\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n

          \u7ed3\u679c\uff08\u6548\u529b vs \u6548\u679c\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
          \u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u201d\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d7\u63a7\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u6d4b\u9a8c pragmatic RCTs\uff08pRCT\uff09\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u672a\u7ecf\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u68c0\u9a8c\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5b9e\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u6d4b\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u201c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8df5\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n

          \u5047\u8bbe\uff08\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027 vs \u975e\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027 vs \u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
          \u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u201c\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u975e\u52a3\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b49\u6548\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u90fd\u662f\u4f18\u52bf\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u88ab\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f18\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u662f\u975e\u52a3\u6548\u6027\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u201c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u4e00\u79cd\u53c2\u8003\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u5dee\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4ed6\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u662f\u7b49\u6548\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u4e24\u79cd\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e0d\u53ef\u533a\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n
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          <\/p>\n

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          \u968f\u673a\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          <\/section>\n
          <\/strong>
          <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

          <\/section>\n
          \u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u9002\u5f53\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
            \n
          • \n
            \u5b83\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u6cbb\u7597\u5206\u914d\u4e2d\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\u548c\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
              \n
            • \n
              \u5b83\u4fbf\u4e8e\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u3001\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4eba\u5458\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7597\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u8fdb\u884c\u906e\u853d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
                \n
              • \n
                \u5b83\u5141\u8bb8\u4f7f\u7528\u6982\u7387\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5dee\u5f02\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8868\u660e\u662f\u5076\u7136\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                <\/section>\n
                \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5206\u914d\u5e8f\u5217\uff1b\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u60a3\u8005\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ec4\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u201d\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4e5f\u662f\u66f4\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u9690\u85cf\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6307\u5728\u5c06\u60a3\u8005\u660e\u786e\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7ec4\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9884\u9632\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u88ab\u62ab\u9732\u3002\u975e\u968f\u673a\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u66ff\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u6c61\u67d3\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u968f\u673a\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                <\/section>\n

                \u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
                \u6cbb\u7597\u5206\u914d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u4e2d\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u671f\u671b\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c06\u5b9e\u73b0\u4ee5\u4e0b\u76ee\u6807:<\/span><\/section>\n
                  \n
                • \n
                  \u6700\u5927\u5316\u7edf\u8ba1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u4e9a\u7ec4\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u7ec4\u89c4\u6a21\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7edf\u8ba1\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u7ec4\u89c4\u6a21\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u6765\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528Dunnett\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u4e0e\u51e0\u4e2a\u5242\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u6bd4\u8f83\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u5206\u6790\u6027\u539f\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u91c7\u7528\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u767b\u8bb0\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u6700\u5c11\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f18\u5148\u62db\u52df\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5148\u524d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5206\u914d\u6765\u731c\u6d4b\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u5206\u7ec4\u3002\u5f53\u5df2\u77e5\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u65f6\uff08\u5982\u5728\u975e\u76f2\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff09\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u731c\u5230\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u79cd\u836f\u7269\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u501a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6700\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                • \n
                  \u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u5206\u914d\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u6216\u6df7\u6dc6\uff09\u3002\u5f53\u5f71\u54cd\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6cbb\u7597\u6548\u679c\u4e0e\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6df7\u6dc6\u65f6\uff08\u5373\u201c\u5076\u7136\u504f\u5dee\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0e\u5404\u7ec4\u7ed3\u679c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u6548\u679c\u4f30\u8ba1\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u504f\u5dee\uff08\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u6574\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                  \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6bcf\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5fc5\u987b\u6839\u636e\u5176\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                  <\/section>\n

                  1.\u7b80\u5355<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                  \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u4e14\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u53cd\u590d\u516c\u5e73\u629b\u786c\u5e01\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b8c\u5168\u201d\u6216\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u5236\u201d\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u610f\u5916\u504f\u5dee\u90fd\u662f\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4ec5\u7528\u4e8e\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8d85\u8fc7200\u4eba\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                  <\/section>\n

                  2.\u9650\u5236\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                  \u4e3a\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u8f83\u5c0f\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u201d\u968f\u673a\u5316\u3002\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u9650\u5236\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7c7b\u578b\u6709:<\/span><\/section>\n
                    \n
                  • \n
                    \u7f6e\u6362\u533a\u7ec4\u968f\u673a\u5316\u6216\u533a\u7ec4\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff1a\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u201c\u533a\u7ec4\u5927\u5c0f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u201d\uff08\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff09\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u7ec4\u5185\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e3a6\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4e3a2:1\uff0c\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f44\u4e2a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\uff0c2\u4e2a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u201c\u5206\u5c42\u968f\u673a\u5316\u201d\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u786e\u4fdd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u826f\u597d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u201d\u7f6e\u6362\u5757\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6574\u4e2a\u6837\u672c\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5757\u3002\u7f6e\u6362\u5757\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u5f88\u5927\u4e14\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f3a\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f6e\u6362\u533a\u7ec4\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u201c\u9002\u5f53\u201d\u5206\u6790\u9700\u8981\u6309\u533a\u7ec4\u5206\u5c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                  • \n
                    \u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6709\u504f-\u786c\u5e01\u968f\u673a\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u74ee\u968f\u673a\u5316\u662f\u6700\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff09\uff1a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6570\u8fc7\u591a\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6570\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u8be5\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bd4\u7f6e\u6362\u5757\u968f\u673a\u5316\u53d7\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    <\/section>\n

                    3.\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n
                    \u5728\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u201d\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u9891\u7387\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u6216\u9650\u5236\u6027\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
                      \n
                    • \n
                      \u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u7387\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u201c\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u3002\u636e\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6709\u201c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u548c\u8bcb\u6bc1\u8005\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u6d88\u9664\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
                    • \n
                      \u5e94\u7b54\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ed3\u679c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5148\u524d\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u5e94\u7b54\u662f\u6709\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7684\u6982\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u6548\u6216\u65e0\u6548\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5728RCT\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u4f26\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4f26\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c1a\u672a\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      <\/section>\n

                      \u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
                      \u201c\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u201d\uff08\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u4fdd\u62a4\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u75c5\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u524d\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u201d\uff09\u5728\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e34\u5e8a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5e38\u5e38\u53d1\u73b0\u96be\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u516c\u6b63\u6027\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8c03\u67e5\u4eba\u5458\u5c06\u5bc6\u5c01\u7684\u4fe1\u5c01\u4e3e\u5230\u706f\u5149\u4e0b\u6216\u8005\u641c\u67e5\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6307\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\u548c\u6df7\u6742\u56e0\u7d20(\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u5316\u6765\u51cf\u5c11) \uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u626d\u66f2\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7814\u7a76\u5f00\u59cb\u5e76\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u5e94\u8be5\u4f1a\u963b\u6b62\u60a3\u8005\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u6cbb\u7597\u5206\u914d\u3002\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7597\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u4e0d\u826f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u80fd\u8db3\u591f\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u5411\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6216\u60a3\u8005\u63ed\u793a\u5206\u914d\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f15\u5165\u504f\u5dee\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u6216\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u89c2\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                      \u4e00\u4e9b\u786e\u4fdd\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u3001\u5bc6\u5c01\u4fe1\u5c01\uff08SNOSE\uff09\uff1b\u987a\u5e8f\u7f16\u53f7\u7684\u5bb9\u5668\uff1b\u836f\u5b66\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5316\uff1b\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u968f\u673a\u5316\u3002\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u88ab\u5efa\u8bae\u7eb3\u5165RCT\u8bae\u5b9a\u4e66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728RCT\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u4e2d\u8be6\u7ec6\u62a5\u544a\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c2005\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5728\u5176\u65b9\u6848\u3001\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u6216\u4e24\u8005\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c2008\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9146\u9879\u5143\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u9690\u7792\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u6216\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u4f1a\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                      <\/section>\n

                      \u6837\u672c\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n
                      \u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4\u548c\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5355\u4f4d\uff08\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6216\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7ec4\uff09\u7684\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u5f71\u54cd RCT \u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e2d\u62d2\u7edd\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u62d2\u7edd\u65e0\u6548\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u5bf9\u88ab\u6cbb\u7597\u8005\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684RCT\u53ef\u80fd\u80fd\u591f\u8bc1\u660e\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u679c\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                      \u4e00\u9879RCT\u7684\u76f2\u6cd5\u662f\u6307\u963b\u6b62\u7814\u7a76\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u7167\u987e\u8005\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u8499\u9762\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u5206\u914d\u9690\u85cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728RCT\uff0c\u81f4\u76f2\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679cRCT\u6d89\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u60a3\u8005\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7269\u7406\u6cbb\u7597\uff09\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e72\u9884\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                      \u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f2\u6cd5\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u5355\u76f2\u201d\u3001\u201c\u53cc\u76f2\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e09\u76f2\u201d\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c2001\u5e74\u548c2006\u5e74\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u30022010\u5e74CONSORT \u58f0\u660e\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u548c\u7f16\u8f91\u4e0d\u5e94\u4f7f\u7528\u201d\u5355\u76f2\u201d\u3001\u201d\u53cc\u76f2\u201d\u548c\u201d\u4e09\u76f2\u201d\u7b49\u672f\u8bed\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u76f2\u6cd5 RCT \u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5e94\u8ba8\u8bba\u201d\u5982\u679c\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5e72\u9884\u5206\u914d\u540e\u8c01\u88ab\u201c\u8499\u9762\u201d\u4e86\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u3001\u62a4\u7406\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4eba\u5458\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

                      \u6ca1\u6709\u76f2\u6cd5\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u672a\u76f2\u6cd5\u201d\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u201d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff08\u5982\u679c\u5e72\u9884\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u836f\u7269\uff09\u201c\u5f00\u653e\u6807\u7b7e\u201d\u30022008\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u975e\u76f2\u6cd5\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5f80\u5f80\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728RCT\u591a\u53d1\u6027\u786c\u5316\u75c7\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u672a\u76f2\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u548c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u975e\u76f2\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u201d\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u5e76\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u8bc4\u4f30\u8005\u201c\u8499\u9762\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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                      \u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u578b\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n