{"id":29034,"date":"2021-09-24T21:06:05","date_gmt":"2021-09-24T13:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29034"},"modified":"2021-09-24T21:06:05","modified_gmt":"2021-09-24T13:06:05","slug":"prl%ef%bc%9a%e9%a6%96%e6%ac%a1%e5%9c%a8%e5%bc%80%e6%94%be%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e5%88%b0%e6%97%b6%e9%97%b4%e6%99%b6%e4%bd%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29034","title":{"rendered":"PRL\uff1a\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8017\u6563\u548c\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\uff0c\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8026\u5408\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u30027\u670819\u65e5\uff0cPRL<\/em> \u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5229\u7528\u8017\u6563\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u539f\u5b50-\u8154\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u68cb\u76d8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6ce2\u56fe\u6848\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8f6c\u6362\u3002APS<\/em> \u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u201cTime Crystals in Open Systems\u201d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/strong><\/section>\n


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Zongping Gong, Masahito Ueda<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Observation of a Dissipative Time Crystal<\/span><\/section>\n
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1. \u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7531Frank Wilczek<\/span>\uff08\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u30012004\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff09<\/span>\u57282012\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u7a7a\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269 [1]\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u6676\u4f53\u9700\u8981\u6253\u7834\u7a7a\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5219\u9700\u8981\u6253\u7834\u65f6\u95f4\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1. \u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u6765\u56de\u5207\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u3002\u5468\u671f\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u5468\u671f\u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d\u4e3a\u5468\u671f\u5faa\u73af\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e24\u6b21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u53ea\u632f\u8361\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u949f\u6446\u54cd\u5e94\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1aMaylee for Quanta Magazine<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u8017\u6563\u548c\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe2. Dicke\u6a21\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7531\u4e8c\u80fd\u7ea7\u539f\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u5149\u573a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1aAG Hemmerich<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe3. \u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51dd\u805a\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u5f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u63a5\u8fd1\u7edd\u5bf9\u96f6\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u7c92\u5b50\uff08\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\uff09\u81ea\u53d1\u5360\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u57fa\u6001\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u7c92\u5b50\u6240\u5904\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0cBEC\u88ab\u675f\u7f1a\u5728\u5149\u52bf\u9631\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u52bf\u9631\u5173\u95ed\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u5230\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5c06\u4ece\u52bf\u9631\u4e2d\u6269\u6563\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u539f\u5b50\u5230\u8fbe\u63a2\u6d4b\u5668\u7684\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u5e03\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u56e2\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u52a8\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1aNIST\/JILA\/CU-Boulder<\/span>
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\u56fe4. \u65b0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u8017\u6563\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9a71\u52a8\u5468\u671f <\/span><\/math-formula>TD <\/sub><\/span><\/math-formula><\/math-formula>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8154\u4e2d\u88ab\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u73bb\u8272-\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u79f0\u7834\u7f3a\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6ce2\u6001\uff08\u68cb\u76d8\u56fe\u6848\uff09\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u7d2b\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u6cf5\u6d66\u6fc0\u5149\uff0c\u6a59\u8272\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u5149\u5b50\u4ece\u8154\u4e2d\u6cc4\u6f0f\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1aZ. Gong and M. Ueda; adapted by APS\/Carin Cain<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8be5\u56e2\u961f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5468\u671f\u500d\u589e\u884c\u4e3a\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5149\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u6b21\u8c10\u6ce2\u53d1\u751f\u5668<\/span>\uff08subharmonic generator\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5149\u5b50\u9891\u7387\u662f\u8f93\u5165\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u6574\u6570\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f1\/2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff1a\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u632f\u8361\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u6b21\u8c10\u6ce2\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u662f\u8f6c\u6362\u8f93\u5165\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u4ecb\u8d28\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6b21\u8c10\u6ce2\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6270\u52a8\u4e0b\u5177\u6709\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u79bb\u6563\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u662f\u5426\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u6b21\u8c10\u6ce2\u751f\u6210\uff1f\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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Ke\u00dfler\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u8bc1\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u632f\u8361\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u540e\u8870\u51cf\u3002\u8870\u51cf\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u6e90\u4e8eBEC\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u635f\u8017\uff0c\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u539f\u5b50-\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u63a8\u51fa\u8d85\u8f90\u5c04\u76f8\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5ef6\u957f\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u514b\u670d\u539f\u5b50\u635f\u8017\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8c03\u6574\u8154\u5185\u5149\u5b50\u635f\u8017\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u88ab\u672c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u539f<\/span>\u5b50\u635f\u8017\u6240\u63a9\u76d6\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u5c06\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u6574\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63ed\u793a\u6807\u51c6\u534a\u7ecf\u5178<\/span>\uff08\u5e73\u5747\u573a\uff09<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0[<\/span>10]\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5e8f\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8017\u6563\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765[<\/span>8]\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9664\u4e86Ke\u00dfler\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5c1a\u672a\u5728\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53<\/strong>[<\/span>11]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u6676\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0[<\/span>4]\uff0c\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fdc\u79bb\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4ece\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u578b\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u6301\u7eed\u76d1\u6d4b\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u7814\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u9a71\u52a8\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u8017\u6563\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u5f00\u653e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u672a\u88ab\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u76f8\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u671b\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c06\u50ac\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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[1]F. Wilczek, \u201cQuantum time crystals,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 160401 (2012).<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]J. Zhang et al., \u201cObservation of a discrete time crystal,\u201d Nature 543, 217 (2017); S. Choi et al., \u201cObservation of discrete time-crystalline order in a disordered dipolar many-body system,\u201d 543, 221 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]Hans Ke\u00dfler et al., \u201cObservation of a dissipative time crystal,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 043602 (2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]H. Watanabe and M. Oshikawa, \u201cAbsence of quantum time crystals,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 251603 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]N.\u2009Y. Yao et al., \u201cDiscrete time crystals: rigidity, criticality, and realizations,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 118, 030401 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]F. Verstraete et al., \u201cQuantum computation and quantum-state engineering driven by dissipation,\u201d Nat. Phys. 5, 633 (2009).<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]H. P. L\u00fcschen et al., \u201cSignatures of many-body localization in a controlled open quantum system,\u201d Phys. Rev. X 7, 011034 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
[8]Z. Gong et al., \u201cDiscrete time-crystalline order in cavity and circuit QED Systems,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 040404 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
[9]K. Baumann et al., \u201cDicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity,\u201d Nature 464, 1301 (2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
[10]B. Zhu et al., \u201cDicke time crystals in driven-dissipative quantum many-body systems,\u201d New J. Phys. 21, 073028 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
[11]F. Iemini et al., \u201cBoundary time crystals,\u201d Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 035301 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n

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\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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