{"id":29052,"date":"2021-09-26T21:30:06","date_gmt":"2021-09-26T13:30:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29052"},"modified":"2021-09-26T21:30:06","modified_gmt":"2021-09-26T13:30:06","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9cx%ef%bc%9a%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e5%a4%9a%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e9%a2%86%e5%9f%9f%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98-%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e8%af%bb%e4%b9%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29052","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u679c+X\uff1a\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='wxsyncmain'>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\" data-mpa-powered-by=\"yiban.io\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: 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63);\">\uff0c\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u5de5\u5177\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6700\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u56e0\u679c+X\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u8ba9\u56e0\u679c\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u6570\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5171\u540c\u63a2\u7a76\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u89e3\u51b3\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u89e3\u51b3\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7531\u667a\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal 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style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);font-size: 15px;font-size: 15px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 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-2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCau<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">sal AI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\uff08Potential Outcomes\uff09<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u6846\u67b6\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0eSCM\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5206\u4eab\u4e3b\u8981\u6309\u7167<strong>\u300c\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d+\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d<\/strong>\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u5c55\u5f00\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u300c\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5c06\u53c2\u8003W. Imbens\u548cB. Rubin\u7684\u8457\u4f5c<em>Causal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences<\/em>\u4ee5\u53caA. Hernan\u548cM. Robins\u7684<em>Causal Inference: What if<\/em>\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"391\" data-backw=\"578\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-ratio=\"0.6768802228412256\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"718\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/wxsync-2021-09-139c08b730006a7a01ed1c271a44f246.png\"  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u4e3a\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u4e1a\u754c\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7814\u8ba8\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u533b\u7597\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u8fd0\u7ef4\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u5173\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u73b0\u3002<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u6211<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c06\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5173\u4ee3\u7801\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u590d\u73b0\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5927\u5bb6\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u90e8\u7f72\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6574\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5757\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u6587\u672b\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u300c\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1aDESIGN<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u7eed\uff09\uff1aANALYSIS<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-size: 15px;font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d<\/span><\/section>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u836f\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u591a\u7ea7\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u66b4\u9732<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d<\/span><\/section>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u53cc\u7a33\u5065\u4f30\u8ba1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6781\u7aef\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u9634\u6027\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u9ad8\u7ef4\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7ed3\u5408\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft 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166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u65f6\u95f4<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u53d1\u8d77\u4eba\u5458<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5728\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u751f<strong>\u674e\u5949\u6cbb<\/strong>\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5728\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u751f<strong>\u674e\u660a\u8f69<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u5458<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><\/span><\/section>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u6210\u679c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u5c5e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u5b9e\u8df5\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6bcf\u5468\u75311-2\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u9886\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u4e66\u7c4d\u7ae0\u8282\u6216\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><br  \/><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;\">\u4ece2021\u5e7410\u6708<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;\">24<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;\">\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348 10:00-12:00\u4e3e\u529e\u3002<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;\">\u517111-12\u671f\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u4e00\u671f\u3002<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;\">\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba1 2-3 \u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u6b64\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u95ed\u95e8\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u91c7\u7528<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u4e4b\u540e\u4f1a\u4e3a\u62a5\u540d\u6210\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u89c6\u9891\u56de\u653e\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u8d44\u6599\u4f9b\u5927\u5bb6\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><br  \/><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u8d39\u7528\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u7504\u9009\u51fa\u771f\u6b63\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3001\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6fc0\u52b1\u5c0f\u4f19\u4f34\u4eec\u575a\u6301\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u672c\u671f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u91c7\u53d6<strong>\u6536\u8d39 &#8211; \u9000\u6b3e<\/strong>\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8d39\u7528\u53ef\u5f00\u53d1\u7968\u3002<span style=\"display: none;line-height: 0px;\">\u200d<\/span><span style=\"display: none;line-height: 0px;\">\u200d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><br  \/><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u5177\u4f53\u89c4\u5219\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">1. \u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u5171\u8ba1 <strong>299 \u5143\/\u4eba<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">2. \u6ee1\u8db3\u5982\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u8005<strong>\u5168\u989d\u9000\u6b3e<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u672c\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u7edf\u4e00\u9000\u8d39\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u8bb2\u5ea7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u534a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5185\u5bb9\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u524d\u5411\u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u7533\u8bf7\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u8bd5\u8bb2\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u8bfb\u4e66\u7b14\u8bb0\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u5b57\u65703\u5343\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fe\u6587\u5e76\u8302\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u8bf7\u53c2\u7167\u6b64\u6587\uff1a<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247506966&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=4a77e194848fde84154ee906826e0fb5&amp;chksm=e897869bdfe00f8d638a21570f9d11786f8d5bdff359731ecb608bd490227e759c437278634b&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\" data-linktype=\"2\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u5ff5\u65b0\u9769\u547d\uff1f\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\uff0c\u89e3\u8bfb\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6697\u56e0\u679c<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8ba4\u771f\u5b8c\u6210\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7f16\u64b0\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\u56e2\u961f\u5ba1\u6838\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230299\u79ef\u5206\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1https:\/\/wiki.swarma.org\/index.php?title=\u6fc0\u52b1\u5236\u5ea6\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">3. \u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5168\u989d\u9000\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u989d\u5916\u5956\u52b1\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7531\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5185\u5bb9\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u9760\u8c31\u7684\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f 2 \u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u7b56\u5212\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u8003\u6838\u7b54\u8fa9\u7684\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul start=\"1\" class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7531\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5185\u5bb9\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u840c\u53d1\u4e86\u79d1\u7814\u8bba\u6587\u521b\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f 2 \u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5b8c\u6210\u521d\u7a3f\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6210\u679c\u4e2d\u81f4\u8c22\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u793e\u533a\u7684<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u8868\u5728SCI\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u91ca\u6743\u5f52\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u6240\u6709\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/h3>\n<h3 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u62a5\u540d\uff1a\uff08\u957f\u671f\u6709\u6548\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);background-color: rgb(255, 251, 0);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img data-height=\"107\" data-ratio=\"1\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"400\" data-width=\"107\" style=\"width: 134px;height: 134px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/wxsync-2021-09-07fb704984ef8b39a196bee339f1a47a.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u626b\u7801\u62a5\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u626b\u7801\u586b\u5199\u62a5\u540d\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u586b\u5199\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1299\u5143\u3002<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u9000\u8d39\u6761\u4ef6\u540e\u53ef\u9000\u8d39\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\uff0c\u62c9\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7fa4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5f55\u5236\uff0c\u526a\u8f91\u540e\u53d1\u5e03\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u7684\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f9b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u56de\u770b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;text-align: justify;\">&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u9605\u8bfb\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u5757<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6307\u63a5\u53d7\u6f5c\u5728\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6837\u672c\u4e2d\uff0c\u89c6\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u547d\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Assignment Mechanisms\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3002\u82e5\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u77e5\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Experimental Studies\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Observational Studies\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u672a\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f3a\u5931\u6570\u636e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u53ca\u4e1a\u754c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff1a\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7cbe\u51c6\u533b\u7597\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u4f30\u8ba1\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4ee5\u53ca\u7f6e\u4fe1\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aFisher\u7cbe\u786eP\u503c\u6cd5\uff0cNeyman\u91cd\u590d\u62bd\u6837\u6cd5\uff0c\u56de\u5f52\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u63a8\u5e7f\u81f3\u5206\u5c42\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u914d\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u53ca\u5206\u5c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u5747\u8861\u6027\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4fee\u526a\u6cd5\u548c\u5339\u914d\u6cd5\u63d0\u5347\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u5747\u8861\u7b49\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u9006\u6982\u7387\u52a0\u6743\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u7ed3\u6784\u6a21\u578b\uff0cG-\u4f30\u7b97\u4e0e\u7ed3\u6784\u5d4c\u5165\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u6a21\u5757<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5728\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u7531\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8bb2\u4eba\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u9886\u57df\u5185\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u53cc\u7a33\u5065\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u591a\u7ea7\u6cbb\u7597\u6216\u8fde\u7eed\u66b4\u9732\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5feb\u624b\u7b49\u4e1a\u754c\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u68ee\u6797\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u836f\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e00\u3001\u968f\u673a\u5316\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u65f6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u88ab\u968f\u673a\u5730\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u65f6\u4f30\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6fc0\u52b1\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u60a3\u8005\u672a\u5fc5\u9075\u4ece\u533b\u5631\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u4e0e\u539f\u672c\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u5728\u4ee5\u975e\u751f\u5b58\u7ed3\u5c40\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u5fc3\u76ee\u6807\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u5c40\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u6b7b\u4ea1\u622a\u65ad\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8bd5\u9a8c\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u4e3b\u5c42\u5206\u6790\uff08Principal Stratification\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u6309\u7167\u67d0\u4e2d\u95f4\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u628a\u4eba\u7fa4\u5206\u5c42\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8003\u8651\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u5c42\uff08\u5982\u4f9d\u4ece\u7ec4\u3001\u5b58\u6d3b\u7ec4\uff09\u5185\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e8c\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u533b\u7597<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7cbe\u51c6\u533b\u7597\u65e8\u5728\u6839\u636e\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u6cbb\u7597\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u60a3\u8005\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u75c5\u60c5\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u5404\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u9002\u5b9c\u7684\u60a3\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u4f18\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u601d\u8def\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u89c4\u5219\u4e0b\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u52a0\u6743\u5206\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u5173\u6ce8\u7ed9\u5b9a\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u7ec4\u5408\u540e\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ec4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u54cd\u5e94\u6c34\u5e73\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6548\u7528\u5dee\u5f02\u6070\u597d\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f30\u8ba1\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6cbb\u7597\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e34\u5e8a\u5e94\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u4fbf\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[1]&nbsp;<\/span>Keisuke, H. , Imbens, G. W. , Rubin, D. B. , &amp; Xiao-Hua, Z. . (2000). Assessing the effect of an influenza vaccine in an encouragement design. Biostatistics.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/12933526\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Wang, L. , Zhou, X. H. , &amp; Richardson, T. S. . (2016). Identification and estimation of causal effects with outcomes truncated by death. Biometrika.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/biomet\/article\/104\/3\/597\/3957587<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[3]&nbsp;<\/span>Zhao, Y., Zeng, D., Rush, A. J., &amp; Kosorok, M. R. (2012). Estimating individualized treatment rules using outcome weighted learning. Journal of the American Statistical Association.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3636816\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[4]&nbsp;<\/span>Guo, W. , Zhou, X. H., &amp; Ma, S. (2020). Estimation of optimal individualized treatment rules using a covariate-specific treatment effect curve with high-dimensional covariates. Journal of the American Statistical Association.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/01621459.2020.1865167<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8ba1\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u6709\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u7684\u662f\u67d0\u4e9b\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u73ed\u7ea7\u89c4\u6a21\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5b66\u4e60\u6548\u679c\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u6559\u6388\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u4e1a\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5165\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5165\u6709\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u6548\u5e94\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u5fc3\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u519c\u6c11\u5de5\u8fdb\u884c\u804c\u4e1a\u57f9\u8bad\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u6536\u5165\u6c34\u5e73\uff1f\u9650\u8d2d\u653f\u7b56\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u623f\u4ef7\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u4e0a\u6da8\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u672c\u671f\u5206\u4eab\u4f1a\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5229\u7528\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u65f6\u51e0\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56de\u5f52\u3001\u5339\u914d\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\u6cd5\u3001\u53cc\u91cd\u5dee\u5206\u6cd5\u548c\u65ad\u70b9\u56de\u5f52\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u53cc\u91cd\u5dee\u5206\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Difference in Difference, DID\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e8b\u524d\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u800c\u4e8b\u540e\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u65ad\u70b9\u56de\u5f52\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Regression Discontinuity\u2002Design, RDD\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5219\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u5206\u6790\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">[1] <\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">Zhou Xiang and Yu Xie. &#8220;Marginal treatment effects from a propensity score perspective. &#8220;<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">Journal of Political Economy.<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/abs\/10.1086\/702172<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Yu Xie, Jennie E. Brand, and Ben Jann. Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects with observational data. Sociological Methodology, 42(1),(2012): 314-347.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0081175012452652<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[3]&nbsp;<\/span>Jennie E. Brand and Yu Xie. Who benefits most from college? Evidence for negative selection in heterogeneous economic returns to higher education. American Sociological Review, 75(2), (2010): 273-302.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0003122410363567<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[4]&nbsp;<\/span>Rajeev H. Dehe jia and Sadek Wahba. Causal effects in nonexperimental studies: reevaluating the evaluation of training programs. Publications of the American Statistical Association, 94(448),(1999):1053-1062.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[5]&nbsp;<\/span>https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01621459.1999.10473858<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">Angrist J D, Pischke J S. Mostly harmless econometrics[M]. Princeton university press, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[6]&nbsp;<\/span>Huynh V N , &nbsp;Kreinovich V , &nbsp;Sriboonchitta S . Causal Inference in Econometrics[J]. Studies in Computational Intelligence, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">[7] \u8d75\u897f\u4eae. \u57fa\u672c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66[M]. \u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2017.<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">[8] \u674e\u4e95\u594e. \u5927\u4fa6\u63a2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66[M]. \u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2021.<\/span><\/section>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f02\u8d28\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u6761\u4ef6\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">(Conditional Average Causal Effect, CATE)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6811\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1 CATE \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u662f\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6388 Susan Athey \u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56e0\u679c\u6811\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u68ee\u6797\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"> (\u56e0\u679c\u68ee\u6797\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u7279\u4f8b)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u548c\u666e\u901a\u7684\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u6700\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u5c40\u90e8\u52a0\u6743\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u68ee\u6797\u7684\u4e34\u8fd1\u6743\u91cd\u8ba9\u5176\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u6cd5\u5177\u5907\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u6613\u7528\u6027\u7b49\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u6b64\u5916, \u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8\u77e9\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u91cf\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u662f\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5546\u4e1a\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u8425\u9500\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d, \u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u53c2\u4e0e\u5ea6\u548c\u5e73\u53f0\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u91cc\u5df4\u5df4\u548c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u7684\u4f18\u60e0\u5238, \u5171\u4eab\u4e58\u8f66\u4f18\u6b65\u548c\u6ef4\u6ef4\u7684\u6298\u6263\u5238\uff0c\u6296\u97f3\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u89c2\u770b\u91d1\u5e01\u6fc0\u52b1\u7b49\u3002\u4f30\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"> (\u5373 CATE) <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u662f\u4e2a\u6027\u5316\u6fc0\u52b1\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u68ee\u6797\u662f\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[1]&nbsp;<\/span>Athey, Susan, and Guido Imbens. &#8220;Recursive partitioning for heterogeneous causal effects.&#8221; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113.27 (2016): 7353-7360.<\/span><br  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/113\/27\/7353.short<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Wager, Stefan, and Susan Athey. &#8220;Estimation and inference of heterogeneous treatment effects using random forests.&#8221; Journal of the American Statistical Association 113.523 (2018): 1228-1242.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/01621459.2017.1319839<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[3]&nbsp;<\/span>(Optional) Hahn, P. Richard, Jared S. Murray, and Carlos M. Carvalho. &#8220;Bayesian regression tree models for causal inference: Regularization, confounding, and heterogeneous effects (with discussion).&#8221; Bayesian Analysis 15.3 (2020): 965-1056.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/projecteuclid.org\/journals\/bayesian-analysis\/volume-15\/issue-3\/Bayesian-Regression-Tree-Models-for-Causal-Inference&#8211;Regularization-Confounding\/10.1214\/19-BA1195.full<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u591a\u7ea7\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u66b4\u9732<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u82e5\u6cbb\u7597\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u7ea7\u522b\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\uff1f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5bf9PM2.5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u66b4\u9732\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9c81\u68d2\u5730\u4f30\u8ba1\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff1f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u91c7\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u6027\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5747\u8861\u5f97\u5206<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Balance Score\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5c42\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u4e3b\u9898\u5c06\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6848\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u591a\u7ea7\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fde\u7eed\u578b\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u5728\u4e8c\u5143\u6cbb\u7597\u4e2d\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u5747\u8861\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u4f9d\u7167\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5c42\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ea7\u6cbb\u7597\u60c5\u5f62\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u591a\u5143\u903b\u8f91\u56de\u5f52\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u603b\u4f53\u6837\u672c\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5757\u6216\u4fee\u526a\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5747\u8861\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u5e7f\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5339\u914d\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\u5c06\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3aT-1\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dT\u662f\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ef4\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u5339\u914d\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u672c\u671f\u5c06\u5206\u4eab\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f31\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Weak Unconfoundedness\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u503e\u5411\u6027\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u4e00\u7ef4\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u7c7b\u66f4\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u4f30\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[1]&nbsp;<\/span>Yang, Shu, et al. &#8220;Propensity score matching and subclassification in observational studies with multi\u2010level treatments.&#8221; Biometrics 72.4 (2016): 1055-1065.<\/span><br  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/biom.12505<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Wu, Xiao, et al. &#8220;Matching on generalized propensity scores with continuous exposures.&#8221; arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.06575 (2018).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1812.06575<\/span><\/p>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/h5>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u8f7d\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5411\u7528\u6237\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u63a8\u8350\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u5ba2\u6237\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u7528\u6237\u8f6c\u5316\u7387\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u81f3\u5c11\u670920%\u7684\u9500\u552e\u6765\u81ea\u63a8\u8350\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cNetflix\u66fe\u5ba3\u79f0\u670960%\u7684\u7528\u6237\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u627e\u5230\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u7535\u5f71\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u9690\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6bd4\u5982\u6781\u5176\u559c\u6b22\u6216\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u7528\u6237\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u7ed9\u7535\u5f71\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u603b\u4f53\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u9009\u62e9\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u4e9b\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53cc\u7a33\u5065\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5f3a\u8feb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u770b\u67d0\u4e2a\u7535\u5f71\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7535\u5f71\u7684\u8bc4\u5206\u4f1a\u662f\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u201d\u3002\u672c\u671f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Recsys\uff0cSigir\u7b49\uff0c\u6765\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u679c\u7528\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u89e3\u51b3\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8350\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6d88\u9664\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u63a8\u8350\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<h5 style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\">\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[1]&nbsp;<\/span>Bonner S, Vasile F. Causal embeddings for recommendation[C]\/\/Proceedings of the 12th ACM conference on recommender systems. 2018: 104-112.<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3240323.3240360<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Sato M, Takemori S, Singh J, et al. Unbiased learning for the causal effect of recommendation[C]\/\/Fourteenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 2020: 378-387.<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3383313.3412261<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[3]&nbsp;<\/span>Mehrotra R, Bhattacharya P, Lalmas M. Inferring the Causal Impact of New Track Releases on Music Recommendation Platforms through Counterfactual Predictions[C]\/\/Fourteenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 2020: 687-691.<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3383313.3418491<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[4]&nbsp;<\/span>Wang Y, Liang D, Charlin L, et al. Causal inference for recommender systems[C]\/\/Fourteenth ACM Conference on Recommender Systems. 2020: 426-431.<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 0px;margin-right: 0px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1145\/3383313.3412225<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h5>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e00\u5bb6\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e0c\u671b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u75c5\u4eba\u533b\u7597\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u6587\u672c\u53d9\u8ff0\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bca\u65ad\u3002<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, 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sans-serif;\">\u5f53\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6df7\u6dc6\u56e0\u7d20\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u96be\u70b9\u662f\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u9650\u5236\u6df7\u6dc6\uff1b<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u5f53\u6587\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6cbb\u7597\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u96be\u70b9\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u7684\u53ef\u5ffd\u7565\u6027\u548c\u6b63\u6982\u7387\u5047\u8bbe\u3002<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u672c\u671f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u654f\u611f\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6837\u672c\u589e\u5f3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u7a33\u5065\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[1]&nbsp;<\/span>Feder, Amir, et al. &#8220;Causal Inference in Natural Language Processing: Estimation, Prediction, Interpretation and Beyond.&#8221; arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.00725 (2021).<\/span><br  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2109.00725<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Egami, Naoki, et al. &#8220;How to make causal inferences using texts.&#8221; arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.02163 (2018).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1802.02163<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[3]&nbsp;<\/span>Keith, Katherine A., David Jensen, and Brendan O&#8217;Connor. &#8220;Text and causal inference: A review of using text to remove confounding from causal estimates.&#8221; arXiv preprint arXiv:2005.00649 (2020).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.00649<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><strong style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u7b80\u4ecb\u3011<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5728\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u884c\u5404\u4e1a\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982AI\u5728\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u7528\u5361\/\u501f\u8d37\u7533\u8bf7\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u662fHR\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7b80\u5386\u662f\u5426\u5408\u683c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u6a21\u578b\u505a\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u54ea\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u4e2d\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\uff08\u5982\u6027\u522b\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\uff09\u6216\u8005\u4e2a\u4f53\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u672c\u671f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u4e00\u6d41\u4f1a\u8bae\u548c\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u501f\u52a9\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3010\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u3011<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[1]&nbsp;<\/span>Vig, Jesse, et al. &#8220;Investigating Gender Bias in Language Models Using Causal Mediation Analysis.&#8221; NeurIPS. 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[2]&nbsp;<\/span>Kusner, Matt, et al. &#8220;Counterfactual fairness.&#8221; Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1703.06856<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[3]&nbsp;<\/span>Kilbertus, Niki, et al. &#8220;The sensitivity of counterfactual fairness to unmeasured confounding.&#8221; Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. PMLR, 2020.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">http:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v115\/kilbertus20a.html<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[4]&nbsp;<\/span>Chiappa, Silvia. &#8220;Path-specific counterfactual fairness.&#8221; Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Vol. 33. No. 01. 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/ojs.aaai.org\/\/index.php\/AAAI\/article\/view\/4777<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;text-align: left;\">[5]&nbsp;<\/span>Feder, Amir, et al. &#8220;Causalm: Causal model explanation through counterfactual language models.&#8221; Computational Linguistics 47.2 (2021): 333-386.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2005.13407<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: left;line-height: normal;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u7279\u522b\u9e23\u8c22\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u674e\u5949\u6cbb\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u674e\u660a\u8f69\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u64b0\u5199\uff0c\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u5730\u8d28\u5927\u5b66<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei 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