{"id":29207,"date":"2021-10-03T23:30:57","date_gmt":"2021-10-03T15:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29207"},"modified":"2021-10-03T23:30:57","modified_gmt":"2021-10-03T15:30:57","slug":"%e8%87%aa%e4%b8%8a%e8%80%8c%e4%b8%8b%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e5%85%b3%e7%b3%bb%e7%89%b9%e5%88%8a%ef%bc%9a%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e3%80%81%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e3%80%81%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%9b%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29207","title":{"rendered":"\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7279\u520a\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u3001\u751f\u7269\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u5df2\u4e8e8\u670814\u65e5\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u5171\u8bfb\u786c\u6838\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5c06\u6301\u7eed7-8\u5468\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u6587\u672b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5c42\u7ea7\uff0c\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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George F. R. Ellis\u3001Denis Noble\u3001Timothy O’Connor\u7b49<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u3001Leo\u3001\u674e\u660e\u7ae0\u3001\u738b\u767e\u81fb<\/span> | \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Top-down causation: an integrating theme within and across the sciences?<\/span>
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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aGeorge F. R. Ellis\u3001Denis Noble\u3001Timothy O’Connor<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u670823\u65e5<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0110<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/span>\uff08top-down causation\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\uff08top-down\uff09\u662f\u6307\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u6392\u9664\u65e0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u3001\u66f4\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5bf9\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65bd\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u7684\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u671f\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u5411\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d<\/span>\uff08’top-down'(downward) causation\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u6216\u5f15\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79cd\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5bf9\u8c61\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5230\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u7684\u66f4\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u201c\u4e0a\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e0b\u201d<\/span>\uff08top and down\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u53ea\u662f\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u672c\u671f\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u6240\u9610\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\u5417\uff1f\u672c\u671f\u5185\u5bb9\u57fa\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u5305\u62ec\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba<\/span>\uff08Jeremy Butterfield\u3001Barry Loewer\u3001Alan Love\u3001Samir Okasha \u548c Eric Scerri\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u672c\u671f\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u611f\u8c22\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ea\u5bf9\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u4eba<\/span>\uff08Claus Kiefer, Peter Menzies, Jerome Feldman and David Papineau\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u548c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bfc\u8bba\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6c47\u8868<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u6587\u672b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7531\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684 O’Connor \u7f16\u5199\u3002\u6f84\u6e05\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u53ca\u5176\u8bed\u4e49\u6846\u67b6\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4f1a\u8bae\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u520a\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u4e13\u4e1a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b83\u662f\u66f4\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u6d8c\u73b0\u771f\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u9644\u5c5e\u73b0\u8c61\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u754c\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u672c\u520a\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u672c\u520a\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u672c\u671f\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Bishop [1] ; Loewer [2]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5316\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Scerri [3]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Jaeger & Calkins [4]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Davies [5]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Okasha [6]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u751f\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Noble [7]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\/\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\/\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08bernet al. [8] ; Atmanspacher [9]\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Elder-Vass [10]\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Booch [11]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u66f4\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Butterfield[12] ; Love [13]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u8de8\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u6027\u4e3b\u9898\u5417\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5185\u90e8<\/span><\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u5316\u5b66\u5230\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u4ece\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span> (Ellis [14])<\/span>\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u67d0\u4e00\u7c7b\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u8003\u8651\u5b83<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u672c\u5c31\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u6216\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u7814\u7a76\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u672c\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66[1,2]\u5230\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66[4,5]\u5230\u751f\u7406\u5b66[7]\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66[8,10] \uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Scerri\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u89c2\u70b9\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08contextual emergence of complexity\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5[1,9]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/span>\uff08reductionism\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u8ba8\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u672c\u520a\u4f5c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20[14]\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c24\u5176\u5f97\u5230\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u5927\u8111\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u5230\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684[13]\u3002\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u76f8\u90bb\u5c42\u6b21\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5c42\u95f4\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d<\/span>\uff08\u6e05\u695a\u5730\uff09<\/span>\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5e95\u5c42<\/span>\uff08bottom-level\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u53ef\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u9876\u5c42<\/span>\uff08topmost-level\uff09<\/span>[11]\u3002<\/span>
<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0a\u5c55\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u65e2\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u520a\u4e2dButterfield\u3001Bishop\u3001Loewer\u548cLove\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u8ba8\u54f2\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u548c\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u600e\u6837\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b[4,14]\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u71b5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u80fd\u6216\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u53d8\u91cf[14] : \u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u671f\u8bba\u6587\u672a\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1b\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u6280\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u663e\u7136\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[8,9]\u3002\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5b8c\u5907\u6027<\/span>\uff08causal completeness\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u7684[15,16]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u540e\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5316\u5b66[3]\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba[6]\u662f\u7279\u522b\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6e05\u6670<\/span>\uff08\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u751a\u81f3\u5316\u5b66\u952e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u89c1 Ball [17]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba4\u5b9a\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4[13,14]\uff1b\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u88ab\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u53d6\u5f97\u591a\u5c11\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u610f\u8bc6\u4f7f\u5f97\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u5ff5\u76db\u884c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u7b80\u5316\u8bba\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d[18]\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u672c\u6587\u8bb8\u591a\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u9700\u8981\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u81ea\u8eab\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u666e\u904d<\/strong>\u3002Laughlin[19]\u5728\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u5f3a\u70c8\u5730\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Bishop\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u4e2d\u4e00\u4f4d\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406[20]\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7bad\u5934[21]\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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[1]. Bishop, R. C. 2012 Fluid convection, constraint and causation. Interface Focus 2, 4\u201312. (doi:10.1098\/ rsfs.2011.0065)<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]. Loewer, B. 2012 The emergence of time\u2019s arrows and special science laws from physics. Interface Focus 2, 13\u201319. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0072)<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]. Scerri, E. R. 2012 Top-down causation regarding the chemistry\u2013physics interface: a sceptical view. Interface Focus 2, 20\u201325. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0061)<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]. Jaeger, L. & Calkins, E. R. 2012 Downward causation by information control in micro-organisms. Interface Focus 2, 26\u201341. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0045)<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]. Davies, P. C. W. 2012 The epigenome and top-down causation. Interface Focus 2, 42\u201348. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs. 2011.0070)<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]. Okasha, S. 2012 Emergence, hierarchy and top-down causation in evolutionary biology. Interface Focus 2, 49\u201354. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0046)<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]. Noble, D. 2012 A theory of biological relativity: no privileged level of causation. Interface Focus 2, 55\u201364. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0067)<\/span><\/section>\n
[8]. Berntson, G. G., Norman, G. J., Hawkley, L. C. & Cacioppo, J. T. 2012 Evolution of neuroarchitecture, multi-level analyses and calibrative reductionism. Interface Focus 2, 65\u201373. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0063)<\/span><\/section>\n
[9]. Atmanspacher, H. 2012 Identifying mental states from neural states under mental constraints. Interface Focus 2, 74\u201381. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0058)<\/span><\/section>\n
[10]. Elder-Vass, D. 2012 Top-down causation and social structures. Interface Focus 2, 82\u201390. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs. 2011.0055)<\/span><\/section>\n
[11]. Booch, G. 2012 The large-scale structure of softwareintensive systems. Interface Focus 2, 91\u2013100. (doi:10. 1098\/rsfs.2011.0066)<\/span><\/section>\n
[12]. Butterfield, J. 2012 Laws, causation and dynamics at different levels. Interface Focus 2, 101\u2013114. (doi:10.1098\/ rsfs.2011.0052)<\/span><\/section>\n
[13]. Love, A. C. 2012 Hierarchy, causation and explanation: ubiquity, locality and pluralism. Interface Focus 2, 115\u2013125. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0064)<\/span><\/section>\n
[14]. Ellis, G. F. R. 2012 Top-down causation and emergence: some comments on mechanisms. Interface Focus 2, 126\u2013140. (doi:10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0062)<\/span><\/section>\n
[15]. O\u2019Connor, T. & Churchill, J. R. 2010 Nonreductive physicalism or emergent dualism? The argument from mental causation. In The waning of materialism: new essays (eds G. Bealer & R. Koons), pp. 261\u2013279. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.<\/span><\/section>\n
[16]. O\u2019Connor, T. & Yu Wong, H. 2011 Emergent properties. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. See http:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/properties-emergent\/.<\/span><\/section>\n
[17]. Ball, P. 2011 Beyond the bond. Nature 469, 26\u201328. (doi:10.1038\/469026a)<\/span><\/section>\n
[18]. Crick, F. 1995 The astonishing hypothesis: the scientific search for the soul. New York, NY: Scribner.<\/span><\/section>\n
[19]. Laughlin, R. B. 1999 Fractional quantisation. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 863\u2013874. (doi:10.1103\/RevModPhys.71.863)<\/span><\/section>\n
[20]. Ellis, G. F. R. 2011 On the limits of quantum theory: contextuality and the quantum-classical cut. (http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1108.5261v3)<\/span><\/section>\n
[21]. Ellis, G. F. R. 2011 The arrow of time, the nature of spacetime, and quantum measurement. See http:\/\/www.mth.uct.ac.za\/~ellis\/Quantum_arrowoftime_gfre.pdf.<\/span><\/section>\n
[22]. Nature Neuroscience. 2010 Special focus on epigenetics. Nat. Neurosci. (Special Issue)13, 1299\u20131327.<\/span><\/section>\n
[23]. Ambady, N. 2011 The mind in the world: culture and the brain. Assoc. Psychol. Sci. 24, 5\u20136 and 49.<\/span><\/section>\n


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Fluid convection, constraint and causation<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aRobert C. Bishop<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e749\u67087\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
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The emergence of time’s arrows and special science laws from physics<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aBarry Loewer<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u670823\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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3. \u5316\u5b66-\u7269\u7406\u754c\u9762\u7684<\/strong><\/strong>\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Top-down causation regarding the chemistry\u2013physics interface: a sceptical view<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aEric R. Scerri<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0061<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e24\u4f4d\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u2014\u2014\u7f57\u683c\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u6388  Brian McLaughlin \u548c\u675c\u4f26\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388 Robin Hendry \u5bf9\u5316\u5b66-\u7269\u7406\u754c\u9762\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u2018\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u2019\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u80fd\u5426\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002McLaughlin \u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u800c Hendry \u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u652f\u6301\u6d8c\u73b0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u5f53\u504f\u4fe1\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u6073\u6c42\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6301\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4. <\/strong><\/strong>\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Downward causation by information control in micro-organisms<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aLuc Jaeger\u3001Erin R. Calkins<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2021\u5e749\u670823\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0045<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5df2\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u51e0\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd\u7b49\u4ef7\u7269\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u5904\u7406\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08top-down causation\uff0cTDC\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e5f\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u6765\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u9006\u5411\u5408\u6210\u201d\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u53e4\u4ee3RNA\u548c\u591a\u80bd\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3DNA\u3001RNA\u548c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u590d\u6742\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86TDCs\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u5fc5\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ec6\u83cc\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/section>\n

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5. \u8868\u89c2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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The epigenome and top-down causation<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aP. C. W. Davies<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2021\u5e749\u670814\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0070<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u57fa\u56e0\u5b58\u50a8\u9057\u4f20\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u5f80\u5f80\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u201d\u56e0\u7d20\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ecDNA\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5316\u65e2\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u662f\u53ef\u9057\u4f20\u7684\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08genome\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span>\uff08DNA\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u89c2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08epigenome\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u5b58\u50a8\u5728DNA\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7f16\u7801\u5206\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8868\u89c2\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u975eDNA\u5206\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u7740\u7684\u201c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08epigenetic programme\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u89c2\u57fa\u56e0\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u65f6\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5904\u5728\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5206\u5c94\u3001\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3001\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u3002\u67d3\u8272\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4f4d\u4e8e\u771f\u6838\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5982\u4f55\u4ea4\u7ec7\u7684\u663e\u8457\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u67d3\u8272\u8d28\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u660e\u786e\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u5c55\u793a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u6742\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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6. \u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u5c42\u7ea7<\/strong><\/strong>\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Emergence, hierarchy and top-down causation in evolutionary biology<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aSamir Okasha<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e748\u670824\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6211\u5173\u6ce8\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u5c42\u6b21<\/span>\uff08levels of selection\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u53c8\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e00\u7ea7\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u79cd\u7fa4\u8fd8\u662f\u7269\u79cd\uff1f\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u5c42\u7ea7\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0a\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u201d\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0e\u53ea\u5728\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u6e17\u900f\u751f\u7269\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u6709\u7740\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed4\u7ec6\u89c2\u5bdf\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u5f00\u542f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u72ec\u5177\u4e00\u683c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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7. \u751f\u7269\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff1a\u6ca1\u6709\u7279\u6743\u7b49\u7ea7\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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A theory of biological relativity: no privileged level of causation<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aDenis Noble<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u67089\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u5206\u6790\u4e0e\u6821\u51c6\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Evolution of neuroarchitecture, multi-level analyses and calibrative reductionism<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aGary G. Berntson\u3001Greg J. Norman\u3001Louise C. Hawkley\u3001John T. Cacioppo<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u670830\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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9. \u4ece\u7cbe\u795e\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u72b6\u6001\u8bc6\u522b\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Identifying mental states from neural states under mental constraints<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aHarald Atmanspacher<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e749\u67087\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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Top-down causation and social structures<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aDave Elder-Vass<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7410\u67085\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6811\u7acb\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u652f\u6301\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u5708<\/span>\uff08norm circle\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u8003\u5bdf\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bba\u70b9\uff0c\u89c4\u8303\u5708\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u89c4\u8303\u6027\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u666e\u901a\u7269\u8d28\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u9690\u542b\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u6784\u6210\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u6700\u540e\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u8bc1\u660e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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The large-scale structure of software-intensive systems<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aGrady Booch<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1aThe large-scale structure of software-intensive systems | Interface Focus<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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Laws, causation and dynamics at different levels<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJeremy Butterfield<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e748\u670818\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0052<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5177\u4e00\u822c\u6027\uff0c\u4e14\u54f2\u5b66\u610f\u5473\u66f4\u6d53\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u65e8\u5728\u9648\u8ff0\u6211\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u201c\u5c42\u6b21\u201d<\/span>\uff08level\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u8574\u542b\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u514d\u4e8e\u964d\u4f4e\u5230\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u628a\u6211\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u540c\u5176\u4ed6\u5ea7\u8c08\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u523b\u753b\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e76\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u91cc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u556e\u5408<\/span>\uff08mesh\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u4f55\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u556e\u5408\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u601d\u60f3\u5c06\u53ea\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u522b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u201d\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0Ellis\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e94\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u524d\u56db\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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13. \u5c42\u7ea7\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u6027\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u6027
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Hierarchy, causation and explanation: ubiquity, locality and pluralism<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aAlan C. Love<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e7411\u670816\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1ahttps:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.0064<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u622a\u6b62\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e89\u8bba\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u4ea6\u6216\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8868\u793a\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u4e14\u5171\u6709\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5173\u6ce8\u5ea6\u7565\u663e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u56de\u7b54\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u4e3a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\uff1a\u5373\u4e16\u754c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u660e\u6670\u5730\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56de\u7b54\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u5177\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u6298\u53e0\u6765\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9610\u660e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u6027\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u91c7\u7eb3\u591a\u5143\u89c6\u89d2\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u2014\u2014\u591a\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u591a\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u89e3\u91ca\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fde\u8d2f\u4e14\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e0d\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fdb\u800c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u54f2\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u6548\u5bf9\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8f6c\u8fd0RNA\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8868\u793a\uff08\u4e8c\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u830e\u73af\uff0c\u4e09\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u540c\u8f74\u5806\u53e0\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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14. \u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5236\u7684\u51e0\u70b9\u8bc4\u8ff0
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Top-down causation and emergence: some comments on mechanisms<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aGeorge F. R. Ellis<\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d1\u8868\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2011\u5e749\u670829\u65e5<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsfs.2011.006<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u9ad8\u9636\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u53ef\u5b9e\u73b0\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u4f4e\u7ea7\u53d8\u91cf\u7b49\u4ef7\u7c7b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e94\u79cd\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u5f71\u54cd\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e94\u79cd\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a1.\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb 2.\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb 3.\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb 4.\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u4fe1\u606f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb 5.\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u62bd\u8c61\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u677e\u5f1b<\/span>\uff08causal slack\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u4e2d\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u56e0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5c06\u4f1a\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63d0\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b\uff1a\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8bfb\u5199\u6559\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u548c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u7740\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u8bcd\u8868GLOSSARY<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u603b\u548c Aggregate<\/strong><\/span>
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\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ec4\u6210\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e25\u683c\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u5bf9\u6bd4\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u4ea7 Causation As production  <\/strong>      <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u3001\u5e26\u6765\u6216\u4f7f\u6548\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u3001\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5426\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u5916\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae<\/span>\uff08\u5426\u8ba4\u56e0\u679c\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u786e\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56 As counterfactual dependence<\/strong>        <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e8b\u4ef6A\uff0c\u5982\u679cA\u4e0d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e8b\u4ef6B\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u90fd\u660e\u663e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5171\u53d8\u4f9d\u8d56\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc\u4e86\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b Top-down<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f83\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u5851\u9020\u8f83\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5305\u62ec\u6392\u9664\u65e0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u3001\u66f4\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u6d89\u53ca\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5bf9\u66f4\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65bd\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u7684\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6d8c\u73b0\u9884\u6d4b <\/strong>Emergence Predictive  <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\u6709\u900f\u5f7b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u9884\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u7684 Explanatorily irreducible<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u73ed\u56fe\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u526f\u73b0\u8c61\u4e3b\u4e49 Epiphenomenalism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u67d0\u4e9b\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u5176\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u610f\u5411\u6027 Intentionality<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u7cbe\u795e\u5916\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u8868\u5f81\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u591a\u91cd<\/strong>\u53ef<\/strong>\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\u6027<\/strong> Multiple realizability<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8f83\u4f4e\u7ea7\u522b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u5b89\u6392\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7269\u7406\u4e3b\u4e49\/\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49 Physicalism\/materialism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d28\u611f Qualia<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e3b\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6216\u8005\u63a8\u7406\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u5185\u5728\u4f53\u9a8c\u611f\u53d7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u84dd\u8272\u8868\u9762\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7167\u660e\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u89c2\u6d4b\u8ddd\u79bb\u4e0b\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u5916\u89c2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3b\u4e49 Reductionism<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u5bf9\u7acb\u9762\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u9884\u6d4b Predictive<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u9650\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u9884\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6210\u5206\u53ca\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u5168\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca Explanatory<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728 t1-t2 \u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5728 t1\u2013t2 \u95f4\u9694\u5185\u7684\u6392\u5217\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb Productive causa<\/strong>l<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u975e\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u3001\u751f\u4ea7\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u5c01\u95ed\u201d\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u540c\u7ea7\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u96c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong> <\/strong>System<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e2a\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u7ec4\u6210\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u65f6\u7a7a\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u4e25\u683c\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u6216\u7279\u5f81\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u603b\u548cAggregate\u76f8\u53cd\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf Self-organizing system<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u90fd\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8681\u7fa4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u9644\u5c5e\u6027 Supervenience<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u662f\u201c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u201d\u6216\u4e25\u683c\u7531\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u5206\u5e03\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4f4e\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u9ad8\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e24\u5ea7\u4ef0\u4e4b\u5f25\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u5c71\u662f\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u672c\u8bdd\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u7814\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c8\u670814\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u4e0a\u53489:00-11:00\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba1 7-8 \u5468\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u62a5\u540d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u626b\u7801\u62a5\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff1a\u626b\u7801\u586b\u5199\u62a5\u540d\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\uff1a\u586b\u5199\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u63d0\u4ea4\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1299\u5143\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u9000\u8d39\u6761\u4ef6\u540e\u53ef\u9000\u8d39\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\uff1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u5fae\u4fe1\uff0c\u62c9\u5165\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8ba8\u8bba\u7fa4<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u5f55\u5236\uff0c\u526a\u8f91\u540e\u53d1\u5e03\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5b98\u7f51\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f9b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u56de\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/section>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u8fde\u63a5\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u63a2\u7d22<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n