{"id":29248,"date":"2021-10-06T07:24:09","date_gmt":"2021-10-05T23:24:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29248"},"modified":"2021-10-06T07:24:09","modified_gmt":"2021-10-05T23:24:09","slug":"%e6%b7%b1%e5%ba%a6%e8%a7%a3%e8%af%bb2021%e5%b9%b4%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%a5%96-%e5%b9%b3%e8%a1%a1%e6%b7%b7%e6%b2%8c%e4%b8%8e%e7%a7%a9%e5%ba%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29248","title":{"rendered":"\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u2014\u2014\u5e73\u8861\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6b64\u6b21\u9752\u7750\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\uff1f\u4e09\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u80cc\u540e\u6709\u4f55\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\uff1f\u600e\u6837\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u64b0\u5199\u672c\u6587\uff0c\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u8bfb\u672c\u5c4a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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10\u67085\u53f7\u4e0b\u5348\u7a81\u7136\u770b\u5230\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u88ab\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5237\u5c4f\u4e86\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u201cComplex Systems\u201d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5927\u5b57\u8d6b\u7136\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5b98\u65b9\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e2d\u3002\u7ec6\u7ec6\u60f3\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5927\u6982\u662f\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u9752\u7750\u4e86\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd8\u662f\u65e9\u572844\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5927\u5e08\u666e\u5229\u9ad8\u6d25\u56e0\u4ed6\u5728\u201c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/a>\u201d\u800c\u83b7\u5f971977\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5de7\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u6211\u521a\u521a\u4e0a\u7ebf\u5f97\u5230APP\u7684\u300a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u8bb2\u300b\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/a>\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u53c8\u662f\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd9\u6070\u597d\u4e5f\u662f\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u6240\u9f13\u52b1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8282\u8bb2\u690b\u9e1f\u9e1f\u7fa4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u4e13\u95e8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86<\/span>Giorgio Parisi<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u8bfa\u5956\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u8fd9\u4f4dParisi\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4ece\u751f\u547d\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u518d\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u610f\u4e49\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f60\u770b\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8bfa\u5956\u524d\u4e00\u534a\u5c31\u662f\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u8fd9\u4e00\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u672a\u6765\u751f\u6b7b\u5b58\u4ea1\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u6cbf\u7740\u6df7\u6c8c-\u79e9\u5e8f-\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18<\/strong>\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4e3a\u5927\u5bb6\u8be6\u7ec6\u62c6\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. \u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u8774\u8776<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u513f\u51d1\u4e00\u5757\u513f\uff0c\u4f60\u80af\u5b9a\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u60f3\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u9ae6\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u2014\u2014\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5565\u53eb\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u7248\u672c\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u96e8\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u8774\u8776\u6247\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e0a\u7a7a\u5c31\u4e0b\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u66b4\u96e8\u201d\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u8fd8\u8981\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8005\u2014\u2014\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u8bf4\u8d77\u3002\u65e9\u57281963\u5e74\uff0c\u6c14\u8c61\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\uff08Edward Lorenz\uff09\u4e3a\u4e86\u6a21\u62df\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5bf9\u6d41\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7248\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\u957f\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u8981\u95ee\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5404\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u5bf9\u4f60\u7406\u89e3\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\u6ca1\u6709\u4e1d\u6beb\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u4e24\u4ef6\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u513f\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n

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2. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u7a0b\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\u5462\uff1f\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u4f60\u53bb\u9776\u573a\u6253\u9776\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u7684\u5b50\u5f39\u4ece\u67aa\u7b52\u5c04\u51fa\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u5b50\u5f39\u8131\u9776\uff0c\u5bf9\u5427\uff1f\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b50\u5f39\u98de\u884c\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u53ca\u5176\u5f39\u7740\u70b9\u662f\u5bf9\u5b50\u5f39\u51fa\u5c04\u7684\u5c0f\u89d2\u5ea6\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u8981\u8fdc\u6bd4\u5b50\u5f39\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8bf4\u654f\u611f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u662f\u968f\u5b50\u5f39\u98de\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u6027\u653e\u5927\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u653e\u5927\u662f\u6307\u6570\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u8fd9\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6709\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e24\u5929\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5929\u58e4\u4e4b\u522b\uff0c\u7b80\u76f4\u5c31\u6beb\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u4e86\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u624d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u96e8\u6797\u7684\u8774\u8776\uff0c\u5c0f\u5c0f\u5730\u6247\u52a8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u9065\u8fdc\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u4e00\u573a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u66b4\u98ce\u96e8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u521d\u59cb\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5c31\u88ab\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u600e\u4e48\u4e5f\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u5929\u6c14\u6a21\u578b\u7adf\u7136\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u7403\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u98ce\u66b4\u3002<\/span>\u4eba\u4eec\u672c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5374\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u50cf\u725b\u987f\u949f\u8868\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u6216\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u6a21\u62df\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span>\u50cf\u725b\u987f\u3001\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u949f\u8868\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb\uff1a<\/span>\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u6545\u4e8b | \u9648\u5173\u8363<\/a><\/p>\n


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\u4eca\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u5934\u4e24\u4f4d\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c<\/span>Syukuro Manabe<\/span>\u548c<\/span>Klaus Hasselmann<\/span>\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5374\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u5929\u6c14\u751a\u81f3\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u8fd9\u6837\u66f4\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u5168\u7403\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6c14\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u78b3\u6392\u653e\u600e\u6837\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/strong>\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6df7\u6c8c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u6696\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6df7\u6c8c\u6548\u5e94\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u566a\u97f3\u6da8\u843d\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u6389\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u65e0\u5e8f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u566a\u97f3\u5904\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5c31\u5728\u505a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u513f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9664\u4e86\u5747\u503c\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u7528\u201c\u6da8\u843d\u201d\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u50cf\u6781\u7aef\u5929\u6c14\u6216\u80a1\u7968\u6da8\u843d\u8fd9\u6837\u968f\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u91cf\u504f\u79bb\u7cfb\u7edf\u5747\u503c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bb2\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u5341\u4e00\u5047\uff0c\u6211\u5e26\u5c0f\u5b69\u5728\u996d\u5e97\u5403\u996d\uff0c\u5979\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5403\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c31\u95f2\u7740\u65e0\u804a\uff0c\u8981\u73a9\u6211\u624b\u673a\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u7ed9\u5979\uff0c\u53c8\u6015\u5979\u54ed\u95f9\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u7075\u673a\u4e00\u52a8\uff0c\u7ed9\u5979\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u9053\u9898\u76ee\uff1a\u201c\u4f60\u53bb\u6570\u4e00\u6570\u8fd9\u4e2a\u996d\u5e97\u91cc\u4e00\u5171\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7537\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5973\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff1a\u8fd9\u7537\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5973\u4eba\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u591a\u4e8e10\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u4f60\u4fe1\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff1f\u4e0d\u4fe1\uff1f\u90a3\u4f60\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u6570\u5427\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5979\u679c\u7136\u53bb\u4e00\u4e2a\u684c\u4e00\u4e2a\u684c\u5b50\u6570\u4eba\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u8fc7\u4e86\u597d\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\uff0c\u5979\u8dd1\u56de\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u7537\u7684\u670962\u4e2a\uff0c\u5973\u7684\u670955\u4e2a\uff0c\u76f8\u5dee\u662f\u2026\u20267\u4e2a\u3002\u8bf6\uff1f\u679c\u7136\u572810\u4ee5\u5185\u3002\u7238\u7238\uff0c\u4f60\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u77e5\u9053\u7684\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4eca\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u524d\u4e24\u4f4d\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u6c14\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u9996\u5148\uff0cHasselmann\u7b49\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u6e29\u5ea6\u7b49\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5199\u4e0b\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6d1b\u4f26\u5179\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u7a0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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 <\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u786e\u5f88\u96be\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u504f\u79bb\u8fd9\u6761\u751f\u957f\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u6da8\u843d\u5927\u5c0f\u5374\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u89c4\u5f8b<\/strong>\uff0c \u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u670d\u4ece\u4e86\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u5206\u5e03\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300a\u57fa\u5730\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u79d1\u5e7b\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u592b\u66fe\u7ecf\u5e7b\u60f3\u4e86\u4e00\u95e8\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u8d85\u8fc7150\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u5c31\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u963f\u897f\u83ab\u592b\u4e00\u5b9a\u6df1\u8c19\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5fc3\u7406\u53f2\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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3. \u590d\u6742\uff1a\u4ecb\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u9762\u4e24\u8282\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u4e0e\u65e0\u5e8f\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f6c\u5316\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4f60\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u51fa\u6df7\u6c8c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5176\u5b9e\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d<\/strong><\/a>\u4e4b\u7236\u3001\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6717\u987f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Chris Langton\uff09<\/strong><\/span>\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u201d\u6765\u523b\u753b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c5e\u6027\u2014\u2014\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/strong>\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5177\u4f53\u89e3\u91ca\u5c31\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u4eca\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span>Giorgio Parisi<\/span>\u662f\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7f57\u9a6c\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8457\u540d\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u300a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u4e8c\u5341\u4e03\u8bb2\u300b\u8bfe\u7a0b\u91cc\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5728\u9e1f\u7fa4\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u9e1f\u7fa4\u5904\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Parisi\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u4e00\u63d0Ising\u6a21\u578b<\/a>\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684Ising\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u53ef\u662f\uff0cIsing\u6a21\u578b\u53c8\u662f\u5565\u5462\uff1f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u4f60\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u52a0\u70ed\u4e00\u5757\u78c1\u94c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u53bb\u78c1\u6027\u3002Ising\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u78c1\u94c1\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u8bfb\u8005\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u964c\u751f\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u7528\u4e00\u4e2aIsing\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u8981\u7968\u9009\u6751\u957f\u4e86\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6751\u6c11\u90fd\u6574\u6574\u9f50\u9f50\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u683c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u3002\u6751\u957f\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\uff1a\u5f20\u4e09\u548c\u674e\u56db\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u5f20\u4e09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u6d82\u6210\u9ed1\u8272\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u674e\u56db\uff0c\u5c31\u7ed9\u6d82\u6210\u767d\u8272\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u90fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u6751\u957f\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u8003\u8651\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6751\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u5f20\u4e09\u548c\u674e\u56db\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

1. \u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u9009\u62e9<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5047\u8bbe\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u4ea4\u5934\u63a5\u8033\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u90bb\u5c45\u90fd\u652f\u6301\u674e\u56db\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\u5f20\u4e09\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6491\u4e0d\u4f4f\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u4f1a\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

2. \u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u547c\u5524<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6751\u6c11\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u7740\u575a\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u51c6\u4e86\u5f20\u4e09\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f20\u4e09\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u90bb\u5c45\u90fd\u9009\u674e\u56db\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6295\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Ising\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570T\u6765\u523b\u753b\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u628aT\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6751\u6c11\u542c\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5fc3\u547c\u5524\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0cT\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u8d8a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u5c45\u5f71\u54cd\uff1b\u8d8a\u5c0f\u5219\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u548c\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u90bb\u5c45\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u81ea\u7531\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u96be\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5b50\u5c31\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e86\u9ed1\u767d\u989c\u8272\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u628a\u4e0d\u540cT\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u4eec\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7528\u4e8c\u7ef4\u56fe\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f53T\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u968f\u673a\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u5462\uff1f\u7531\u4e8eT\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u53ea\u9075\u5faa\u81ea\u5df1\u5185\u5fc3\u7684\u547c\u5524\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u89c6\u90bb\u5c45\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u800c\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u6761\u4ef6\u90fd\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u65e2\u53ef\u80fd\u503e\u5411\u5f20\u4e09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u674e\u56db\uff0c\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0cT\u8d8a\u5927\u8868\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d8a\u6df7\u6c8c\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u5f53T\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u90bb\u5c45\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5468\u56f4\u90bb\u5c45\u9009\u62e9\u674e\u56db\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u66f4\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6751\u6c11\u5c31\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u674e\u56db\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u6751\u6c11\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5c31\u4f1a\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u503e\u5411\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0cT\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d8a\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u597d\u73a9\u5c31\u597d\u73a9\u5728\u5f53T\u4e0d\u5927\u4e0d\u5c0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u6574\u4e2a\u6751\u5e84\u7684\u56fe\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6837\u5b50\u7684\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u597d\u50cf\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4f60\u62ff\u7740\u653e\u5927\u955c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u770b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9ed1\u8272\u7684\u6216\u767d\u8272\u7684\u65b9\u683c\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u7247\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u72ac\u7259\u4ea4\u9519\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5c31\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u5206\u5f62\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u653e\u5927\u8fd9\u5f20\u56fe\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u500d\u6570\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5c9b\u5c7f\u5374\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u6751\u5e84\u5c31\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u7684\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5904\u4e8e\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u8fb9\u7f18\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u59cb\u7684Ising\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u78c1\u94c1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u78c1\u9488\uff0c\u6751\u6c11\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u9009\u9879\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5c0f\u78c1\u9488\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002T\u5219\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e86\u6e29\u5ea6\u3002\u5f53T\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5c0f\u78c1\u9488\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u78c1\u94c1\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u78c1\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679cT\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e34\u754c\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c0f\u78c1\u9488\u4e00\u7247\u6df7\u4e71\uff0c\u78c1\u573a\u76f8\u4e92\u62b5\u6d88\uff0c\u78c1\u94c1\u4e5f\u5c31\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u78c1\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5f53T\u8fbe\u5230\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u5904\u4e8e\u4ece\u94c1\u78c1\u6001\u5230\u987a\u78c1\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u79f0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e34\u754c\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08Critical Phase Transition\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Per Bak\u7b49\u4eba\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5730\u8c03\u8282\u53c2\u6570T\u4ee5\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/a>\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e0e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u8003\u6211\u7684\u5f97\u5230\u8bfe\u7a0b\u7b2c16\u8bb2\u300a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u201c\u9ed1\u5929\u9e45\u201d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. 21\u4e16\u7eaa\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u770b\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\u77e5\u4e4e\u4e0a\u6709\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u8d8b\u52bf\u7ee7\u627f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u6ca6\u4e3a\u201c\u6c11\u79d1\u96c6\u6563\u5730\u201d\u3002\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u9ad8\u5927\u4e0a\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u53c8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u513f\u4e0d\u660e\u89c9\u5389\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u542c\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u8bfe\u540e\u6000\u7591\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u970d\u91d1\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u5c06\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u7eaa\u201d\u3002\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u672a\u6765\u626e\u6f14\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u8d77\u6e90\u8fd9\u4e24\u5ea7\u4ef0\u4e4b\u5f25\u9ad8\u7684\u5927\u5c71\u662f\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u800c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u6280\u672f\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7b49\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u7834\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5f20\u6c5f\u7b49\u53d1\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u672c\u8bdd\u9898\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u8bfb\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u732e\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u7814\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u8bfe<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

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