{"id":29559,"date":"2021-10-28T21:01:46","date_gmt":"2021-10-28T13:01:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29559"},"modified":"2021-10-28T21:01:46","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T13:01:46","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e6%8e%a8%e6%96%ad%e7%9a%84%e6%bd%9c%e5%9c%a8%e7%bb%93%e6%9e%9c%e6%a1%86%e6%9e%b6%e5%9c%a8%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8-%e5%91%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29559","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e94\u7528 | \u5468\u65e5\u76f4\u64ad\u00b7\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='wxsyncmain'>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\" data-mpa-powered-by=\"yiban.io\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"316\" data-backw=\"562\" data-fileid=\"100098631\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-ratio=\"0.562019758507135\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"911\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/wxsync-2021-10-2c4099095ac1c3ad509ca535ddbcd3ec.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n<section style=\"width: 661px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 3px;float: left;line-height: 1;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 0;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"transform: 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\/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\n<section style=\"clear: none;line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88Card\uff0cAngrist\u548cImbens\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u8d21\u732e\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5411\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u53c8\u63a8\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u7cbe\u51c6\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c31\u4e1a\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u6536\u5165\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u8d27\u5e01\u653f\u7b56\u8c03\u63a7\u80fd\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u6291\u5236\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u836f\u6216\u6cbb\u7597\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bf9\u75c5\u4eba\u5eb7\u590d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: none;line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u672c\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>\u672c\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5W. Imben\u548cB. Rubin\u7684\u8457\u4f5cCausal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u5c06\u4f1a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247582430&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=1019c65e07c54d222df972a149a016cf&amp;chksm=e896d853dfe15145b0d462c07a05c1e4f3ec28e05535e257f8f864671c218ede6a81e070c4a7&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6<\/a>\u6e05\u6670\u5b9a\u4e49\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u968f\u673a\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u4f30\u8ba1\u5c1d\u8bd5\u56de\u7b54\u4e0a\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6309\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u77e5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin: 10px 8px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 0;\"><img data-fileid=\"100098629\" data-ratio=\"0.07314814814814814\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/wxsync-2021-10-e16cd5b776e38a4f6806c73548bdc7d4.png\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: 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style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u80cc\u666f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: right;\"><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u968f\u673a\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u9ec4\u91d1\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u662f\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002Fisher\uff081935\uff09\u5728\u5176\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u300b\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u968f\u673a\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u201d\uff1a\u4e3a\u5728\u6d4b\u8bd5\u65b0\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u65f6\u51cf\u5c11\u67d0\u4e9b\u504f\u501a\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u5c06\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u968f\u673a\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u518d\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u6216\u591a\u7ec4\uff08\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ec4\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u6b63\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u7ec4\uff08\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\uff09\u63a5\u53d7\u66ff\u4ee3\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5982\u5b89\u6170\u5242\u6216\u65e0\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e73\u8861\u5404\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5404\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u63a8\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: right;\"><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u672c\u671f\u5206\u4eab\u5c06\u4ece\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\uff08Potential Outcomes\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\uff08Assignment Mechanism\uff09\uff0c\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff08Unconfoundness\uff09\uff0c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff08SUTVA\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u201c\u6709\u9650\u6837\u672c\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d85\u603b\u4f53\u201d\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u5df2\u77e5\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e00\u7c7b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u82e5\u56fa\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u63a5\u53d7\u79ef\u6781\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u8be5\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08Completely Randomized Experiments\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u8d39\u5e0c\u5c14\uff08R. A. Fisher\uff09\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u5c16\u9510\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u79ef\u6781\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7167\u6cbb\u7597\u662f\u5426\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5948\u66fc\uff08J. Neyman\uff09\u5219\u7814\u7a76\u4f30\u8ba1\u603b\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7edf\u8ba1\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u7f6e\u4fe1\u533a\u95f4\u3002\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ebf\u6027\u56de\u5f52\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u505a\u51fa\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u5206\u5c42\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u914d\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ee5\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u9879\u76ee\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u675f\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e3b\u8bb2\u4eba&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: right;\"><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><img data-fileid=\"100099022\" data-height=\"269\" data-ratio=\"1\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1260\" data-width=\"269\" style=\"width: 191px;height: 191px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/wxsync-2021-10-3d9e1e76bf9d6d14dbec59e81d21908d.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u674e\u660a\u8f69<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u4e3a\u5468\u6653\u534e\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\uff09\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u76f4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2021\u5e7410\u670831\u65e5\u4e0a\u53489\uff1a00-11\uff1a00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 B \u7ad9\u514d\u8d39\u76f4\u64ad<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/span><\/section>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u4ed8\u8d39\u53c2\u52a0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7fa4\u804a\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u56de\u770b\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u793e\u533a\u79cd\u5b50\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e0e900\u4f59\u4f4d\u793e\u533a\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52a8\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" data-fileid=\"100099033\" data-ratio=\"1\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"400\" style=\"width: 125px;height: 125px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/wxsync-2021-10-99385696e7f177ed4c188eb3ef876d56.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u626b\u7801\u62a5\u540d<\/span><\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section data-mpa-template=\"t\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-bottom: -15px;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;\">\n<p><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7531\u667a\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\u7684<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-linktype=\"2\" style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u5411\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u63a8\u8350\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u624b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u5de5\u79d1\u6216\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u5c5e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\u5df2\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90e8\u7f72\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u81ea2021\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348 9:00-11:00\u4e3e\u529e\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba1 2-3 \u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\"><\/span><\/section>\n<h1 style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/h1>\n<h1 style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong>\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5927\u7eb2\u4e00\u89c8\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Donald Rubin\uff1aEssential Concepts of causal inference<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1aDESIGN<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u7eed\uff09\uff1aANALYSIS<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 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