{"id":29817,"date":"2021-11-06T20:43:23","date_gmt":"2021-11-06T12:43:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29817"},"modified":"2021-11-06T20:43:23","modified_gmt":"2021-11-06T12:43:23","slug":"science%ef%bc%9a%e7%a9%bf%e6%a2%ad%e4%ba%8e%e4%b8%aa%e4%bd%93%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e4%b8%8e%e7%be%a4%e4%bd%93%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e4%b9%8b%e9%97%b4%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e6%99%ba%e8%83%bd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=29817","title":{"rendered":"Science\uff1a\u7a7f\u68ad\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u95f4\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Julia Sliwa<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d75\u96e8\u4ead<\/span> | \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1 <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u4e24\u53ea\u8759\u8760\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u6b65\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u632f\u8361\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c16\u5cf0\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u8026\u5408\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8[7]\u3002\u7136\u800c Rose \u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u8759\u8760\u53d1\u51fa\u547c\u53eb\u65f6\uff0c\u8111\u95f4\u8026\u5408\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u503e\u542c\u7684\u8759\u8760<\/strong>\u3002\u547c\u53eb\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u5185\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8bf1\u53d1\u96c6\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u8026\u5408<\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u6240\u6709\u5927\u8111\u63d0\u4f9b\u5171\u540c\u7684\u542c\u89c9\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5728\u8bf1\u5bfc\u96c6\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u8026\u5408\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u547c\u53eb<\/span>\uff08communication call\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u9523\u58f0\u6216\u94c3\u94db\u72ec\u7279\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u547c\u53eb<\/span>\uff08communicative call\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u8759\u8760\u7fa4\u5185\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u8026\u5408\u5219\u975e\u5e38\u72ec\u7279\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u5173\u6ce8\u7fa4\u4f53\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u8682\u8681\u6216\u871c\u8702\u7b49\u7fa4\u5c45\u6606\u866b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u76ee\u7684[14]\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u5355\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u53d8\u5f97\u6709\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Ba\u0301ez-Mendoza \u7b49\u4eba\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u6052\u6cb3\u7334\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u8868\u5f81\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u672a\u6765\u51b3\u7b56<\/strong>\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d7\u63a7\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e6\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff1a\u7ed9\u4e88\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u548c\u56de\u62a5[15]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5750\u5728\u8f6c\u76d8\u65c1\u7684\u7334\u5b50\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u5c06\u82f9\u679c\u7247\u5206\u53d1\u7ed9\u5f7c\u6b64\u3002\u7334\u5b50\u4eec\u6709\u7b56\u7565\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u82f9\u679c\u793c\u7269\u56de\u9988\u7ed9\u66fe\u7ecf\u7ed9\u4e88\u81ea\u5df1\u82f9\u679c\u7684\u7334\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u62a5\u590d\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u5206\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f19\u4f34\u3002\u5728\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\u65f6\uff0c\u7334\u5b50\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6536\u5230\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4efd\u793c\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u9988\u8d60\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u751a\u81f3\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u58f0\u8a89\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u81ea\u8eab\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6052\u6cb3\u7334\uff1a<\/span>\u6839\u636e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e92\u8d60\u793c\u7269\u3002<\/span>\u7334\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7ed9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u4e00\u5757\u82f9\u679c\u3002<\/span>\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u53ea\u7334\u5b50\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u8d60\u9001\u82f9\u679c\u793c\u7269\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u793c\u5c1a\u5f80\u6765\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u7531\u80cc\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/span>
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Ba\u0301ez-Mendoza \u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d38\u6613\u4e2d\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u80cc\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u5355\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u76d1\u6d4b\u5176\u4ed6\u7334\u5b50\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u7801\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u5757\u82f9\u679c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u662f\u56de\u62a5\u6216\u662f\u62a5\u590d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6267\u884c\u56de\u9988\u884c\u4e3a\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6070\u597d\u5728\u7334\u5b50\u505a\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u5fae\u523a\u6fc0\u6682\u65f6\u7834\u574f\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u56de\u9988\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5f31\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u4e4b\u95f4\u7a7f\u68ad<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Rose \u548c Ba\u0301ez-Mendoza \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u51b3\u5b9a\u5982\u4f55\u91c7\u53d6\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4e92\u52a8\u8005\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u6765\u81ea\u540c\u4e00\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5982\u4f55\u540c\u65f6\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u54ea\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u540c\u6b65\u4e0e\u7f16\u7801\u793e\u4f1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u65f6\u6267\u884c\u4e24\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\uff1f\u63a2\u7d22\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387<\/strong>\u5c06\u662f\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u95f4\u7a7f\u68ad\uff0c\u4ee5\u5168\u9762\u638c\u63e1\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u548c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5927\u8111\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u8be5\u8bc4\u4f30\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u865a\u62df\u96c6\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

1. M. C. Rose et al., Science 374, eaba9584 (2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

2. R. B\u00c6ez-Mendoza et al., Science 374, eabb4149 (2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

3. I. Couzin, Nature 445, 715 (2007).<\/span><\/p>\n

4. A. Pentland, Adapt. Behav. 15, 189 (2007).<\/span><\/p>\n

5. J. Krause et al., Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 28 (2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

6. G. Dumas et al., PLOS ONE 5, e12166 (2010).<\/span><\/p>\n

7. W. Zhang, M. M. Yartsev, Cell 178, 413 (2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

8. L. Kingsbury et al., Cell 178, 429 (2019).<\/span><\/p>\n

9. K. M. Gilbert et al., bioRxiv 10.1101\/2021.02.08.430294 (2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

10. S. Dikker et al., Curr. Biol. 27, 1375 (2017).<\/span><\/p>\n

11. V. M\u00fcller et al., Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1423, 198 (2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

12. J. Yang et al., Nat. Neurosci. 23, 754 (2020).<\/span><\/p>\n

13. S. M. Landi et al., Science 373, 581 (2021).<\/span><\/p>\n

14. D. Cheney et al., Science 234, 1361 (1986).<\/span><\/p>\n

15. M. Mauss, The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies (Cohen & West, 1966).<\/span><\/p>\n


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