{"id":30053,"date":"2021-11-17T16:56:36","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T08:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30053"},"modified":"2021-11-17T16:56:36","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T08:56:36","slug":"nature-reviews-physics%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e9%87%91%e8%9e%8d%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30053","title":{"rendered":"Nature Reviews Physics\u957f\u6587\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Marco Bardoscia et al.<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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The physics of financial networks<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42254-021-00322-5<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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    \u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u7ec4\u5206\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u6027\u8d28\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528[1-5]\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528[6-12]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u56fe\u8bba\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u89c2\u5bdf\u5355\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u5176\u672c\u8d28\u800c\u8a00\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u516c\u53f8\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6210\u679c\u548c\u5f71\u54cd[13-19]\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf4\u660e\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e13\u4e1a\u7684\u5b66\u8005[23-25]\u6240\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e[20-22]\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u7ed3\u679c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e7f\u6cdb\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u516c\u6c11\u3001\u516c\u5171\u673a\u6784\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5173[26,27]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u5982\u4eca\u5df2\u5f97\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u548c\u6b27\u76df\u91d1\u878d\u5f53\u5c40\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u52a8\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\u4e2d[28,29]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u57282007-2008\u5e74\u8fd9\u573a\u5f71\u54cd\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[30,31]\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u91d1\u878d\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u586b\u8865\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u7a7a\u767d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u9879\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u66b4\u8dcc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u90a3\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u8be5\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u90a3\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u94fe\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u5927\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53ea\u80fd\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c01\u95ed\u94fe\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u8fde\u8fb9\u548c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u8d22\u52a1\u6760\u6746\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3[32,33]<\/span>\uff08\u89c1Box1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u603b\u4f53\u6216\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[34]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u7531\u76f4\u63a5\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u6216\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6bcf\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9759\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u91d1\u878d\u4f20\u67d3\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u662f\u6cbf\u7740\u5355\u8fb9\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u53cc\u8fb9\u94fe\u8def\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u516c\u5171\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u4f20\u67d3\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7efc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u53ef\u5b9e\u8bc1\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861<\/span>\uff08thermodynamic equilibrium\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed3\u5408\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861<\/span>\uff08economic equilibrium\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u5f80\u5f80\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7edf\u8ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7efc\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u4f30\u8ba1\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    Box1. \u6760\u6746\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \u6295\u8d44\u8005\u501f\u94b1\u6295\u8d44\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6760\u6746\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\u4e70\u623f\u65f6\u5c31\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6760\u6746\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e70\u4e00\u680b\u4ef7\u503c20\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u7684\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u6295\u51654\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9996\u4ed8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u501f16\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6760\u6746\u7b49\u4e8e5\u2014\u2014\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u5373\u623f\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u9664\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8d44\u672c\u3002\u6760\u6746\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u548c\u635f\u5931\u3002\u5982\u679c\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a0\u523022\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5356\u6389\u5b83\uff0c\u507f\u8fd8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u503a\u52a1\uff08\u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u6ca1\u6709\u5229\u7387\uff09\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u83b7\u5f972\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u623f\u5c4b\u4ef7\u503c\u589e\u52a010%\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u521d\u59cb\u8d44\u672c\u589e\u52a050%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u623f\u5b50\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u8d2c\u503c10%\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u8d44\u672c\u51cf\u5c1150%\uff08\u4ece4\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\u51cf\u5c11\u52302\u4e07\u82f1\u9551\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6760\u6746\u7b49\u4e8e\u03bb\uff0c\u623f\u5b50\u4ef7\u503c\u76841%\u53d8\u5316\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8d44\u672c\u7684\u03bb%\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u6760\u6746\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u3002\u6760\u6746\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6216\u673a\u6784\u3002\u03bb\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08Assets\uff09\u548c\u6743\u76ca\uff08Equity\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u03bb = 2\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u5178\u578b\u5316\u8868\u793a\u3002\u5f53\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d2c\u503c25%\uff08\u56fe\u53f3\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u6743\u76ca\u635f\u5931\u4e3a50%\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d2c\u503c\u4e58\u4ee5\u6760\u6746\uff1a\u6760\u6746\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e8f\u635f\u653e\u5927\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u6760\u6746\u4f5c\u4e3a\u635f\u5931\u653e\u5927\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u501f\u94b1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a\u3002\u5f53\u94f6\u884c\u9762\u4e34\u538b\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u8d1f\u503a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f1a\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u5176\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u9762\u4e34\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u77e9\u9635\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u6760\u6746\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5916\u6e90\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u5185\u751f\u653e\u5927\u6c34\u5e73[32]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n


    <\/p>\n

     <\/span>
    <\/p>\n<\/h2>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    \u4e00\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u5982\u96f6\u552e\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u57fa\u91d1\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u975e\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7b49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u540c\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u5982\u8d37\u6b3e<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u8d37\u7ed9\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6216\u94f6\u884c\u501f\u8d37\u7ed9\u5bb6\u5ead\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u6240\u6709\u6743\u6216\u4fdd\u9669\u5355\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9690\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u95f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u8fde\u8fb9\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u65f6\u5e8f\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong><\/span>\uff08temporal multiplex network\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u77ed\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5316\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c06\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5355\u5c42\u9759\u6001\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5c06\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4f20\u64ad\u8fdb\u884c\u663e\u5f0f\u5efa\u6a21<\/strong>\u3002\u800c\u968f\u77402007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5012\u95ed\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u62d6\u57ae\u5176\u5b83\u9762\u4e34\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u96f7\u66fc\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u5012\u95ed\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u57fa\u91d1 Reserve Primary Fund \u201c\u8dcc\u7834\u51c0\u503c\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d27\u5e01\u5e02\u573a\u57fa\u91d1\u88ab\u6324\u5151\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u9645\u96c6\u56e2<\/span>\uff08AIG\uff09<\/span>\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u6551\u52a9\u7684\u5c40\u9762<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62AIG\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u624b\u4eec\u906d\u9047\u8fdd\u7ea6\u635f\u5931[30]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    1\u3001\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7f51\u7edc\u5305\u62ec\u51e0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u8d37\u6216\u5546\u54c1\u670d\u52a1\u4f9b\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u662f\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>[35,36]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u6743\u94fe\uff0c\u80a1\u4e1c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5176\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\u3002\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c[37-39]\u53ca\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u5c5e\u6027[40]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u5c5e\u6027[41]\u3002\u5168\u7403\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8774\u8776\u7ed3\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08bow-tie structure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6838\u5fc3[42]\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\u5219\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u6a21\u5757[43]\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5d4c\u5165\u5730\u7406\u7a7a\u95f4\u89e3\u91ca[44]\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u6784\u4f3c\u4e4e\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5bf92007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64[45]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u5219\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u8d37\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6709\u4eba\u53d1\u73b0[46]\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5e42\u5f8b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u8054\u90a6\u50a8\u5907\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u7814\u7a76[47]\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6743\u91cd\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9ad8\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u5ea6\u5f02\u914d\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u4e4b\u540e\u6db5\u76d6\u745e\u58eb[48]\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229[49-52]\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd[53,54]\u3001\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6[55]\u3001\u5df4\u897f[56,57]\u3001\u65e5\u672c[58]\u3001\u8377\u5170[59]\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a[60]\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd[61]\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5[62]\u7b49\u5730\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5de5\u4f5c\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u8d37\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u758f\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u539a\u5c3e\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u9ad8\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u77ed\u5e73\u5747\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f02\u914d\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6838\u5fc3-\u5916\u56f4\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7d27\u5bc6\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u800c\u5916\u56f4\u673a\u6784\u867d\u7136\u8fde\u63a5\u677e\u6563\uff0c\u5374\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u6838\u5fc3\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde[63-67]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3-\u5916\u56f4\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c[68]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6838\u5fc3-\u5916\u56f4\u62d3\u6251\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u666e\u9002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9c81\u68d2[59]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u5b83\u7ed3\u6784\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u62df\u5408\u6570\u636e[69]\u3002\u57282007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u624b<\/span>\uff08central clearing counterparties\uff0cCCPs\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u53cc\u8fb9\u5408\u540c\u5355\u4e00\u673a\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u592e\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u624b\uff09<\/span>\u91cd\u65b0\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6e05\u7b97\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669[70-74]\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u62b5\u62bc\u54c1\u7684\u9700\u6c42[75]\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6709\u8f83\u591a[72]\u4e2d\u592e\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6e05\u7b97\u6210\u5458\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u8fdd\u7ea6\u57fa\u91d1\u7684\u73b0\u884c\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u591f\u5145\u5206[76]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    2\u3001\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u201d\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u52a8\u3001\u6301\u6709\u80a1\u7968\u6216\u91d1\u878d\u655e\u53e3\uff09<\/span>\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u201c\u5171\u73b0\u201d<\/span>\uff08co-occurrence\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u5f0f\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5171\u6027\u3001\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5173\u8054\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u6210\u5458<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8fde\u9501\u5173\u7cfb[77]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u5171\u4eab\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8d44\u4ea7<\/span>\uff08\u5171\u540c\u6240\u6709\u6743\/\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44[78]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80a1\u4ef7\u9075\u5faa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf<\/span>\uff08\u4ef7\u683c\u76f8\u5173\u6027[79]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u5176\u5355\u6a21\u6295\u5f71\u6765\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u80a1\u7968\uff09<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5b9e\u4f53\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u8fde\u8fb9\u7531\u76f8\u5e94\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027[79-81]\u6216\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb[82]<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGranger \u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u52a0\u6743\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u591a\u5143\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u539f\u59cb\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5355\u6a21\u6295\u5f71\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e24\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1a\uff0cb\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793a\u4ece\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u770b\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u5c5e\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u53f8\u6cbb\u7406\u8fde\u9501\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a[77]\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u5728\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4efb\u804c\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4ece\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e0a\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u7ec4\u4ece\u884c\u4e1a\u6216\u5730\u7406\u5206\u7c7b\u6765\u770b\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5f3a\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u80a1\u7968[79,80,83,84]\u548c\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362[85]<\/span>\uff08credit default swaps\uff0cCDSs\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u805a\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u8981\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6027\u80fd[85]\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4f1a\u88ab\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8005<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u90e8\u5206\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u91d1\u878d\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ec4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4f1a\u5bf9\u51b2\u51fb\u4f20\u64ad\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9700\u8981\u7279\u522b\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7a00\u758f\u7684\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u4e2d\u96f6\u5143\u7d20\u8f83\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4ece\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5355\u6a21\u6295\u5f71\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u7a20\u5bc6\uff0c\u5373\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u95f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5171\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u4e3a\u96f6\u3002<\/span>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u7acb\u5373\u751f\u6210\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span>\u4e3a\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u51e0\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5728\u7a00\u758f\u5316\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u540c<\/span>\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u9ad8\u6743\u503c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u5b58\u5728\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u6d4b\u91cf\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u65bd\u52a0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u9608\u503c\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u76f8\u5173\u77e9\u9635\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u6210\u6811[79]\u3001\u6700\u5927\u5e73\u9762\u56fe[80]\u6216\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6d41\u5f62[86]\u4e0a\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6ee4\u6ce2\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u540d\u4e49\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5b9e\u4f53\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76f8\u5173\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>[87,88]\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6784\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u5d4c\u5165\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bba\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5411\u5927\u503c\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5168\u7403\u201d\u6216\u201c\u5e02\u573a\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f[83,89-91]\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u7f51\u7edc\u8868\u5f81\u6240\u8981\u63cf\u7ed8\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5171\u73b0\uff09<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u7ef4\u6570\u707e\u96be\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8en\u4e2a\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3am\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ee5\u7edf\u8ba1\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u76f8\u4f3c\u77e9\u9635\u7684n\uff08n-1\uff09\/2\u4e2a\u6761\u76ee\uff0c\u9700\u8981m\u2265n\uff0c\u5373\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u566a\u58f0\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4n\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u957f\u5ea6m\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u592a\u957f\uff0c\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u6027\u5c06\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u9700\u8981\u4e0e\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8be5\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u540c\u65f6\u63a7\u5236\u8282\u70b9\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u201c\u6df7\u6dc6\u201d\u5168\u5c40\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u201c\u8bc5\u5492\u201d\u566a\u58f0\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u5fc5\u7136\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8fde\u8fb9\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u5dee\u5f02\u6e90\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8282\u70b9I\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9j\u6b63\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5171\u73b0\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u8282\u70b9j\u53c8\u4e0e\u8282\u70b9k\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8282\u70b9I\u548ck\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u662f\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5ea6\u91cf\u201d\u7ea6\u675f\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u539f\u5047\u8bbe\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5929\u771f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u4f1a\u5728\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u6587\u732e\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b[83,89-92]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u968f\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u77e9\u9635<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8bb2\u662fWishart\u77e9\u9635[93]\uff09<\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5176\u6761\u76ee\u4ee5\u671f\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u81ea\u52a8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u77e9\u9635\u7406\u8bba[93,94]\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u5173\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u5c06\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8c31\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u77e9\u9635\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7ecf\u9a8c\u504f\u79bb\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u6d4b\u91cf\u77e9\u9635\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u968f\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u91cf[83]<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fc7\u6ee4\u77e9\u9635\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u8bf8\u5982\u7f51\u7edc\u793e\u533a<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1e\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u6839\u636e\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u5206\u7c7b\u6216\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5148\u9a8c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u6d3b\u8dc3[85,92,95,96]\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4f7f\u7528\u8d85\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u77e9\u9635\u7cfb\u7efc[92]\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    <\/span>\u56fe1.  \u591a\u5143\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \uff08a\uff09\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u7531\u5728m\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u957f\u4e0a\u5ef6\u4f38\u7684n\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u7ec4\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \uff08b\uff09\u6570\u636e\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u6210 n \u00d7 n \u5173\u8054\u77e9\u9635C\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6761\u76eecij \u662f\u7b2c i \u548c j \u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \uff08c\u2013e\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5173\u8054\u77e9\u9635C\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u6700\u521dn\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff1a
    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \uff081\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u521b\u5efa\u7531\u8fde\u63a5\u5177\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ed9\u5b9a\u9608\u503c[87]\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5ea6 cij \u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u7684\u8fde\u8fb9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    \uff082\uff09\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5d4c\u5165\u51e0\u4f55\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u5c0f\u751f\u6210\u6811[79]\u6216\u6700\u5927\u5e73\u9762\u56fe[80]\uff09\uff08c\u90e8\u5206\uff09\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n

    \uff083\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06C\uff08\u84dd\u7ebf\uff09\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7684Marchenko\u2013Pastur\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08\u7ea2\u7ebf\uff09\uff08d\u90e8\u5206\uff09 \u968f\u673a\u5173\u8054\u77e9\u9635\uff08\u968f\u673a\u77e9\u9635\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684Wishart\u7cfb\u7efc[93,94]\uff09\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee4\u9664\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u5206\u91cf[89-91]\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u8bc6\u522b\u5185\u90e8\u6700\u5927\u76f8\u5173\u4e14\u76f8\u4e92\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u793e\u533a\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5206\u5c42\u7684\uff09[83-85]\uff08e\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    c\u90e8\u5206\u548ce\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4ece\u6807\u51c6\u666e\u5c14500\u5e02\u573a\u80a1\u7968\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u83b7\u5f97\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u8f6c\u8f7d\u81ea\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[83\uff0c87]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u80a1\u7968\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\uff1a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u9884\u6d4b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7f16\u7801\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6807\u51c6\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u4fe1\u606f\u3002c\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[83\uff0c87]\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u4e0b\u6539\u7f16\u3002d\u90e8\u5206\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[85]\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\uff0ce\u90e8\u5206\u6839\u636e\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[83]\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    3\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u6709\u5173\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5c06\u4e00\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u6d53\u7f29\u6210\u4e00\u6761<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u52a0\u6743\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u8fde\u8fb9\u3002\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4f1a\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u4f20\u64ad\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u5b9e\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u90fd\u6355\u83b7\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u201c\u5c42\u201d\u3002\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc[97,98]\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u82f1\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4fe1\u8d37\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u98ce\u9669[99]\uff1b\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u548c\u98ce\u9669[62]\uff1b\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a[100]\uff1b\u610f\u5927\u5229\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a[101]\uff1b\u80a1\u7968\u548c\u5916\u6c47\u5e02\u573a\u6536\u76ca\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027[102,103]\uff1b\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u65b0\u95fb\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027[104]\uff1b\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd[105]\uff1b\u6b27\u76df\u884d\u751f\u54c1\u5e02\u573a[21]\uff1b\u82f1\u56fd\u5229\u7387\u3001\u5916\u6c47\u548c\u4fe1\u8d37\u884d\u751f\u54c1\u5e02\u573a[106]\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc[107]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c[62,99,101]\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u4e2d\u8fde\u8fb9\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684[100,101]\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u662f\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5355\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff08\u5982\u91d1\u878d\u4f20\u67d3\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/strong>[106,107]\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u8ba8\u8bba\u91d1\u878d\u4f20\u67d3\u5728\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u9886\u57df\u662f\u884d\u751f\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362<\/span>\uff08CDSs\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884d\u751f\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u7ea6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u6295\u4fdd\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u673a\u6784\u8fdd\u7ea6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e09\u4e3b\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b[108]\u3002\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362\u5141\u8bb8\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u51b2\u5176\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669\u63d0\u4f9b\u5e02\u573a\u4f30\u503c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837[21,108-110]\uff0c\u5f53\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u81ea\u8eab\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u98ce\u9669\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u4f1a\u5728\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u8513\u5ef6[111]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e[112]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4fe1\u7528\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e92\u6362\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u7cca\u6027[113,114]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \n

     <\/span>
    <\/p>\n<\/h2>\n

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    <\/section>\n

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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    \u4e8c\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    1\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u507f\u4ed8\u6e20\u9053\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u6e20\u9053\u76f4\u63a5\u4f20\u67d3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u56de\u987e\u91d1\u878d\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u94f6\u884c\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cc\u8fb9\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56fe2\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u9762\u677f\u6240\u793a\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u5206\u7ec4[30]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d8\u91cf\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u901a\u8fc7\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u7a0b\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u800c\u94f6\u884c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\u3002\u4ee3\u8868\u94f6\u884c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u5305\u62ec\u8d44\u4ea7\u7aef<\/span>\uff08\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u521b\u9020\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5982\u53d1\u653e\u7ed9\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u7aef<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4ed6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5bf9\u8be5\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u503a\u6743\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u5ba2\u6237\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u6216\u516c\u53f8\u501f\u5165\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u53d1\u884c\u7684\u503a\u5238\u548c\u80a1\u7968\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bcf\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u603b\u548c\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u8d1f\u503a\u603b\u548c\u3002\u8d1f\u503a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ea7\u522b\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u5012\u95ed\uff0c\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u5c06\u88ab\u6e05\u7b97\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u8d1f\u503a\u5c06\u6309\u7167\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u4ece\u9ad8\u5230\u4f4e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u88ab\u507f\u8fd8\u3002\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u4f4e\u7684\u8d1f\u503a\u662f\u80a1\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8d1f\u503a\u5168\u90e8\u6e05\u507f\u540e\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u7d22\u53d6\u6743\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8861\u91cf\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u51c0\u503c\u3002\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u533a\u5206\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u3002i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a<\/span>\uff08\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u8d1f\u503a\uff09<\/span>\u9879\u76ee\u662f\u5176\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u507f\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5982\u5373\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u9879\u76ee\u6216\u672a\u6765\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0ci \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7<\/span>\uff08\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u5e02\u573a\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u5bf9 i \u7684\u507f\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u6bcf\u7b14\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0ci \u5bf9 j \uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e00\u7b14\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7<\/span>\uff08 j \u5bf9 i \uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u507f\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u53ea\u9700\u5c06\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u6bcf\u7b14\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u8d1f\u503a\uff08\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u8fb9<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5355\u5411 <\/span>\uff08\u503a\u52a1\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u52a0\u6743\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u8d27\u5e01\u91d1\u989d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e14\u6ca1\u6709\u73af\u8def<\/span>\uff08\u94f6\u884c\u4e0d\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u652f\u4ed8\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e3a\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u8d77\u89c1\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6bcf\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u90fd\u52a0\u603b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7528\u5bf9\u4e00\u5bb6\u6216\u591a\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u65bd\u52a0\u5916\u90e8\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u5176\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u8fd9\u79cd\u51b2\u51fb\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5e76\u65e0\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u53d8\u91cf\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u51b2\u51fb\u89e6\u53d1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e2007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e1a\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u901a\u5e38\u5b64\u7acb\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u7eb3\u5165\u5230\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d<\/strong>\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0a\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u4f20\u67d3<\/strong><\/span>\uff08liquidity contagion\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u91cf\u662f\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a\u4ee3\u8868\u5373\u5c06\u4ea4\u4ed8\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u8d44\u4ea7\u662f\u5916\u90e8\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u7531\u73b0\u91d1\u6216\u6613\u4e8e\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u73b0\u91d1\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u94f6\u884c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u73b0\u91d1\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u540c\u4e1a\u8d1f\u503a\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4e0b\uff1aL13<\/sub>=2\uff0cL21<\/sub>=1\uff0cL32<\/sub>=2\u3002\u4ed8\u6b3e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u8f6e\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u652f\u4ed8\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u53ea\u4f9d\u8d56\u73b0\u91d1\u3002\u94f6\u884c1\u5411\u94f6\u884c3\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c2\u5411\u94f6\u884c1\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c3\u5411\u94f6\u884c2\u652f\u4ed8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u94f6\u884c2\u5df2\u5168\u989d\u652f\u4ed8\u5176\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4e2d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c1\u548c3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f6e\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u5206\u522b\u5411\u94f6\u884c3\u548c2\u5168\u989d\u652f\u4ed8\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86Eisenberg-Noe\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848[115]\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u94f6\u884c\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u5230\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6765\u5c65\u884c\u5176\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    Eisenberg-Noe\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u652f\u4ed8\u503a\u52a1\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u9762\u4e34\u7834\u4ea7\u6210\u672c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[116]\uff1b\u652f\u4ed8\u503a\u52a1\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[117]\uff1b\u94f6\u884c\u8fde\u90e8\u5206\u652f\u4ed8\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[118]\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u8fde\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[119]\u3002\u5728Eisenberg-Noe\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u94f6\u884c\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u6536\u5230\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6765\u5c65\u884c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f20\u67d3\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u5e94\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\u6ca1\u6709<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u53ea\u662f\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u4ea4\u4ed8\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4ea4\u4ed8\u5176\u5e94\u5f53\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5904\u4e8e\u4ed8\u6b3e\u7684\u63a5\u6536\u7aef\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u652f\u4ed8\u4e49\u52a1\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u4e8e\u884d\u751f\u4ea7\u54c1\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u6ce2\u52a8\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8ffd\u52a0\u4fdd\u8bc1\u91d1\u8981\u6c42[71,120,121]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b2\u51fb\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u662f\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u4f20\u67d3<\/strong><\/span>\uff08solvency contagion\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u6216\u4fe1\u8a89\u4e0b\u964d\u5bf9\u5176\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u4f20\u67d3\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4f20\u67d3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981 i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u5927\u4e8e\u96f6\uff0ci \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u5c31\u5c06\u5176\u6240\u6301\u6709\u7684 i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u6309\u9762\u503c\u8ba1\u5165\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53 i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u5c0f\u4e8e\u6216\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4f1a\u6838\u9500\u5176\u6301\u6709\u7684 i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u989d\u507f\u4ed8\u4e0d\u518d\u62b1\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8d1f\u8d44\u4ea7\u662f\u7834\u4ea7\u6216\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u5145\u5206\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c2007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u540e\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u6846\u67b6\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5f53\u94f6\u884c\u672a\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u76d1\u7ba1\u8981\u6c42\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u662f\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5012\u95ed\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u6700\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c i \u94f6\u884c\u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u5c06\u6301\u6709\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u96f6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u6536\u56de\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f[122]\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u8d44\u4ea7\u6298\u73b0\u7684\u7cfb\u6570\u4ecb\u4e8e0\u548c1\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u56de\u6536\u5229\u7387<\/span>\uff08recovery rate\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e [123] \u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u5f53 i \u7684\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00 j \u6ce8\u9500\u5176\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u65f6\uff0cj \u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0cj \u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u603b\u4ef7\u503c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u80a1\u6743\u5728\u6240\u6709\u503a\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u7ea7\u6700\u4f4e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5176\u5c06\u9996\u5148\u6838\u9500 j \u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c j \u7684\u80a1\u672c\u4e0d\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c06\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u53d1\u5176\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6838\u9500\u3002\u8fdd\u7ea6\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8513\u5ef6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7ea7\u8054\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>\u6216\u591a\u7c73\u8bfa\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709 A31<\/sub> > E3<\/sub> \u548c A23<\/sub> < E2<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2dAij<\/sub>\u662f\u94f6 i \u5bf9\u94f6\u884c j \u7684\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\uff0cEi<\/sub> \u662f\u94f6\u884c i \u7684\u80a1\u672c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56de\u6536\u7387\u7b49\u4e8e\u96f6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u94f6\u884c1\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u51b2\u51fb\u5927\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u4f7f\u94f6\u884c1\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u5373E1<\/sub>\u22640\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u94f6\u884c3\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u6ce8\u9500\u5176\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u8d44\u4ea7A31<\/sub>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u635f\u5931\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u80a1\u672c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u5c06\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u5373E3<\/sub> <0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u94f6\u884c2\u4e5f\u5c06\u5168\u989d\u6838\u9500\u5176\u540c\u4e1a\u8d44\u4ea7A23<\/sub>\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u6743\u76ca\u5927\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fdd\u7ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u5904\u7406[13]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u89c4\u6a21[124,125]\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u9500\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7531\u8fdd\u7ea6\u5f15\u53d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u8fdd\u7ea6\u6982\u7387\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u5f15\u53d1\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u503a\u52a1\u7b49\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6a21\u578b[128]\u6216\u4f30\u503c\u6a21\u578b[129-132]\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[15,126,127]<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe2\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u9762\u677f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6a21\u4eff\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u57fa\u7840\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u4f1a\u8ba1\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5176\u57282007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5931[133]\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e[131]\uff0c\u51e0\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684Eisenberg-Noe\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u503a\u52a1\u7b49\u7ea7\u6a21\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u4f30\u503c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u4f20\u67d3\u662f\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u81ea2007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u6982\u7387\u603b\u4f53\u8f83\u5c0f[123,129,134-136]\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u5927\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e[132]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u52a0\u4e25\u91cd[129]\uff0c\u98ce\u9669\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e25\u91cd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u5173\u952e\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6700\u5927\u7684\u673a\u6784[122,128]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272[137]\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u201c\u5927\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u5012\u201d\u7684\u8303\u5f0f[15,122]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
          <\/span><\/section>\n

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    \uff08f-I\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u4f20\u67d3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u94f6\u884c1\u51fa\u552e\u8d44\u4ea7A\u548cB\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u5176\u6760\u6746\u7387\u76ee\u6807\uff08f\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u4ea7A\u548cB\u8d2c\u503c\u3002\u6301\u6709A\u548cB\u7684\u94f6\u884c1\u548c2\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u51cf\u5c11\uff08g\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u94f6\u884c2\u73b0\u5728\u9700\u8981\u53bb\u6760\u6746\u5316\u5e76\u51fa\u552e\u8d44\u4ea7A\u548cC\uff08h\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u94f6\u884c1\u30012\u548c3\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u503c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\uff08i\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u662f\u878d\u8d44\u4f20\u67d3<\/strong><\/span>\uff08funding contagion\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee5\u524d\u5411 i \u94f6\u884c\u501f\u8d37\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u65e6\u8d37\u6b3e\u5230\u671f\u4e0d\u518d\u7eed\u8d37\u65f6[138,139]\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u67d3\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u4f20\u67d3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531 i \u94f6\u884c\u4fe1\u8a89\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89e6\u53d1[140]\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[140]\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u878d\u8d44\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u53cc\u91cd\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u5e95\u5c42\u62d3\u6251\u4e0e\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u6807\u51c6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6587\u732e[141,142]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u51b2\u51fb\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u94f6\u884c\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u66f4\u4e92\u8054\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u5177\u97e7\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8868\u660e[143,144]\uff0c\u5f53\u5b58\u5728\u653e\u5927\u635f\u5931\u7684\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u5c0f\u51b2\u51fb\u97e7\u6027\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u51b2\u51fb\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u5374\u66f4\u5c0f<\/strong>[145]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u9c81\u68d2\u4f46\u8106\u5f31\u201d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u63a8\u6d4b\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684[27]\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e[24,147]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u4e25\u91cd<\/strong>\u3002\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981[148,149]\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u54ea\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u4f53\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784[150]\u3002\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[32]\u4e2d\u4f20\u67d3\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[151]\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5faa\u73af\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u66f4\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[152]\u3001[153]\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6700\u5c11\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u548c\u97e7\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u732e\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u4f73\uff09<\/span>\u653f\u7b56\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e[154]\uff0c\u5bf9\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\uff09<\/span>\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u5177\u5305[136]\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5185\u90e8\u7ebe\u56f0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u8d22\u653f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e[155]\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u5916\u90e8\u7ebe\u56f0\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u7ebe\u56f0\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f97\u5230\u8c03\u67e5[156]\uff0c\u6700\u4f73\u7ebe\u56f0\u6761\u4ef6\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a[157-159]\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u4f73\u4fee\u590d\u7b56\u7565[160]\u548c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u63a7\u6027[161,162]\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u5411\u5f81\u7a0e\u3001\u8981\u6c42\u94f6\u884c\u62ab\u9732\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5f71\u54cd[164]\u6216\u660e\u786e\u4f18\u5316\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3[165]\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669[163]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    2\u3001\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u4f20\u67d3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u51b2\u51fb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u7ea6\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u67d0\u79cd\u5171\u73b0\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09<\/span>\u95f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u9677\u5165\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u552e\u90e8\u5206\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d2c\u503c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u8d44\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u5e26\u6765\u635f\u5931\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u94f6\u884c\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u91c7\u53d6\u4f9d\u6b21\u51fa\u552e\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u662f\u7531\u5e02\u573a\u901a\u8fc7\u4ef7\u683c\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u5e03\u4ee3\u8868\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u800c\u8fde\u8fb9\u5c06\u94f6\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5176\u6240\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u5173\u4e8e\u5171\u73b0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u56fe2\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\u9762\u677f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c1\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u94f6\u884c2\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u94f6\u884c1\u5411\u94f6\u884c2\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u6295\u8d44\u4e8e\u8d44\u4ea7A\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f15\u5165\u95f4\u63a5\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u53d7\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u94f6\u884c1\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u6301\u6709C\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u94f6\u884c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u95f4\u63a5\u66b4\u9732\u5728C\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u5438\u6536\u6216\u653e\u5927\u5916\u90e8\u51b2\u51fb[78,166-170]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5177\u4f53\u8bf4\u660e\u94f6\u884c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u5176\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u635f\u5931\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u65b0\u8c03\u6574\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u98ce\u9669\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u6d3b\u52a8\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4ef7\u683c\u5bf9\u6e05\u7b97\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u573a\u5f71\u54cd\u51fd\u6570\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684[171]\uff0c\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6e05\u7b97\u91cf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ef7\u683c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff1a\u8d44\u4ea7\u6e05\u7b97\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u8d2c\u503c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6536\u76ca\u6216\u5bf9\u6570\u6536\u76ca\u5448\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5f71\u54cd\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5f53\u4e00\u9879\u8d44\u4ea7\u5927\u5e45\u8d2c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ee5\u4f4e\u4ef7\u8d2d\u4e70\u8be5\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[170]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5173\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/strong>\uff0c\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u9608\u503c\u6a21\u578b[172]\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u635f\u5931\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u9608\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u9009\u62e9\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u80a1\u672c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u4e0d\u505a\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u635f\u5931\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u5219\u5c06\u6e05\u7b97\u5176\u6574\u4e2a\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408[78,166]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u652f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u51fa\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c[166]\u3002\u5f53\u5206\u652f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5904\u4e8e\u8d85\u4e34\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u5916\u6e90\u51b2\u51fb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u5b9a\u51fa\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u662f\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3001\u6760\u6746\u7387\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u589e\u52a0\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u673a\u6784\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba[166]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4ea4\u6613\u5bf9\u624b\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837[146]\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7ea7\u8054\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u591a\u6837\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u975e\u5355\u8c03\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u523b\u753b\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2007\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5546\u4e1a\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5[78]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u62df\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7c7b\u4f3c\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5c06\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u4e0e2008\u5e74\u81f32011\u5e74\u95f4\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u8fdd\u7ea6\u6e05\u5355\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u6bd4\u968f\u673a\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u5546\u4e1a\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u8d37\u6b3e\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[173]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u7531\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u67d3\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u786e\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u5371\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[78]\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u88ab\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u6790\u94f6\u884c\u5bf9\u5176\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d2c\u503c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[78]\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a761990\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u94f6\u884c\u5371\u673a[174,175]\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u8fd8\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u51cf\u5c11\u8fdd\u7ea6\u7ea7\u8054\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7b56\u7565[176]\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[176]\u7279\u522b\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u94f6\u884c\u548c\u4e3b\u6743\u503a\u5238\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u88ab\u52a8\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u51c6<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e3b\u52a8\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u6ca1\u6709\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e4b\u524d\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u91cd\u65b0\u5e73\u8861\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u9700\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u5185\u90e8\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6216\u76d1\u7ba1\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u8981\u6c42[177]\u3002\u4e3b\u52a8\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6760\u6746\u7387\u76ee\u6807\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/strong><\/span>\uff08leverage-targeting dynamics\uff09<\/span>[166-169]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u906d\u53d7\u635f\u5931\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u6e05\u7b97\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4fdd\u6301\u6760\u6746\u7387\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6760\u6746\u7387\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u8bd5\u56fe\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5176\u9884\u671f\u7684\u80a1\u672c\u56de\u62a5\u7387\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u98ce\u9669\u4ef7\u503c<\/span>\uff08VaR\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u9884\u671f\u635f\u5931<\/span>\uff08ES\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ea6\u675f[178]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7814\u7a76[170]\u8fd8\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u9608\u503c\u548c\u6760\u6746\u7387\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u5173\u7cfb[170]\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u94f6\u884c\u76f4\u5230\u635f\u5931\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ed9\u5b9a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u624d\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u7784\u51c6\u6760\u6746\u7387\u3002\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u6b27\u6d32\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u94f6\u884c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u503a\u5238\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u5238\u6295\u8d44\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e86\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u91d1\u989d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6b27\u6d32\u94f6\u884c\u53ea\u6301\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u5916\u56fd\u62b5\u62bc\u8d37\u6b3e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7f51\u7edc\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u5916\u56fd\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u98ce\u9669\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5317\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u5bf9\u5357\u6b27\u56fd\u5bb6\u623f\u5730\u4ea7\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u655e\u53e3\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u5176\u540d\u4e49\u655e\u53e3\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f30\u8ba1\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u6821\u51c6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u663e\u8457\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u95f4\u63a5\u4f20\u67d3\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u51b3\u5b9a\u5176\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u8981\u6027[179]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u95e8<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u6216\u57fa\u91d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0[186,187]\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[186]\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u673a\u5236\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u7ba1\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u5bf9\u51b2\u57fa\u91d1\u3001\u6295\u8d44\u57fa\u91d1\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u7b49\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u94f6\u884c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u6570\u636e\u548c\u4e00\u7ec4\u975e\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e3b\u4f53\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u975e\u94f6\u884c\u56e0\u7d20\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51b2\u51fb\u653e\u5927\u6548\u5e94\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[187]\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e4b\u95f4\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u975e\u94f6\u884c\u673a\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u660e\u786e\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4e3b\u4f53\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    3\u3001\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u67d3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5207\u7247\u6216\u5bf9\u5207\u7247\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5206\u6790\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u8282<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u8fde\u8fb9\u7684\u786e\u5207\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6240\u6709\u5927\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u6000\u7591\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ea7\u751f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec6\u8282\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u9700\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e9b\u201c\u5173\u952e\u201d\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u5c31\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5730\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\uff09<\/span>\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u8fc7\u62df\u5408\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u8003\u8651\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6216\u5730\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u6548\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u5165\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7efc\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7efc\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684[198]\u3002Box2\u548c\u56fe3\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7efc\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u60f3\u8981\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5173\u952e\u62d3\u6251\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u4f7f\u71b5\u6cdb\u51fd\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u56fe<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ea7\u751f\u80fd\u91cf\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7ea6\u675f\u503c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u201c\u80fd\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e2d\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff08\u6216\u7edf\u8ba1\uff09\u5e73\u8861\u4e0b\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u5c31\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6216\u5b88\u6052\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>[199]\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u51e0\u7ec4\u7ea6\u675f\u91cd\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u662f\u5c40\u90e8\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5305\u62ec\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>[198,200]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u65bd\u52a0\u5168\u5c40\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8fde\u8fb9\u603b\u6570\u6216\u6240\u6709\u8fb9\u7684\u603b\u6743\u91cd\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u540c\u8d28\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    Box2 \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u7cfb\u7efc<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \u6839\u636e\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u56fe\u5f62\u6784\u5f62G\u7684\u65e0\u504f\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03P(G)\u901a\u8fc7\u5982\u4e0b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\uff1a\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e00\u7ec4\u88ab\u9009\u4f5c\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u8d28(C)\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027[198]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7ea6\u675fC\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73b0\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edcG*\u4e0a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u5c5e\u6027C(G*)\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u5e03P(G)\u751f\u6210G*\u7684\u968f\u673a\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u7cfb\u7efc\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7efc\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3aG*\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u68c0\u6d4bG*\u76f8\u5bf9\u5176\u968f\u673a\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u504f\u5dee\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u5b8c\u5168\u5df2\u77e5\u3002\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7efc\u662f\u6839\u636e\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9G*\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u65e0\u504f\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u731c\u6d4b\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u53ef\u7528\u5c5e\u6027C(G*)\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u91cd\u5efaG* \u2014\u2014\u5982\u679c\u540e\u8005\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u56fe3\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5b9a\u91cf\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cP(G)\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5982\u4e0b\u6cdb\u51fd\uff0c<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
     \uff081\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5176\u4e2d \u03a9 \u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u7684\u96c6\u5408\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540cN\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u56fe\u4f5c\u4e3aG*)\uff0c\u670d\u4ece\u5f52\u4e00\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u2211G\u2208\u03c9P(G)= 1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6240\u9009\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6C\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u5b9e\u73b0 [213]\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u786c\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u5fae\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5141\u8bb8\u7684G\uff0c\u6ee1\u8db3 C(G) = C(G*)\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7efc\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u8f6f\u7ea6\u675f\uff08\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\uff09\uff0c\u5373 \u2211G\u2208\u03a9P(G)C(G)= C(G*)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u5fae\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6982\u7387\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u786c\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6784\u578b\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u91c7\u7528\u53c2\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
     \uff082\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5176\u4e2d H(G, \u03b8) = \u03b8\u22c5C(G) \u662f\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\uff08\u5f3a\u5236\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u7ec4\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u03b8\u662f\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u4e58\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c<\/span>\u4e3a\u914d\u5206\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cP(G\u2223\u03b8)\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u5236\u5c5e\u6027C(G)\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8eG\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5145\u5206\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002\u5f53G*\u4ec5\u88ab\u90e8\u5206\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14C(G*)\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5206\u5e03P(G\u2223\u03b8)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ece\u90e8\u5206\u4fe1\u606f\u91cd\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u8def\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e0e\u6307\u6570\u968f\u673a\u56fe\u6a21\u578b [198,210,211,262]\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u786e\u4fddP(G\u2223\u03b8)\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea6\u675f\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u504f\u5dee[213]\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u65b9\u7a0b(2)\u4ec5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b9a\u4e49\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6cdb\u51fd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\uff08\u4ece\u6570\u503c\u4e0a\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u4e58\u5b50\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u4e58\u5b50\uff0c\u6765\u5f52\u7eb3\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u539f\u578b\u73a9\u5177\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u540c\u6784\u56fe\u3001\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u533a\u5757\u6a21\u578b\uff09[210]\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u51fd\u6570\u5173\u4e8e\u03b8\u6c42\u6700\u5927\u5316[198, 211]<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
     \uff083\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u6b65\u6700\u5927\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u503c\u03b8*\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5982\u540c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e0e\u5176\u7ecf\u9a8c\u503c\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u65e0\u5173<\/strong>\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u4f9b\u9700\u5339\u914d<\/span>\uff08\u5e02\u573a\u6e05\u7b97\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8981\u6c42\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5047\u5b9a\u6548\u7528\u51fd\u6570\u6700\u5927\u5316[201-203]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb[204]\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u548c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u4f9b\u9700\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u74e6\u5c14\u62c9\u65af\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u53ea\u5173\u5fc3\u6700\u7ec8\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u5206\u914d\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u4f9b\u9700\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee5\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u6784\u9020\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u7cfb\u7efc\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u74e6\u5c14\u62c9\u65af\u5747\u8861<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Walrasian equilibrium\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6784\u9020<\/strong>[204]\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u671f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u8868\u5f81\u74e6\u5c14\u62c9\u65af\u5747\u8861\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u524d\u8ff0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u5c40\u90e8\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u5728\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6784\u9020\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6709\u6548\u7ea6\u675f\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u8bd5\u56fe\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u771f\u5b9e\u503c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e0e<\/span>\uff08\u74e6\u5c14\u62c9\u65af\uff09<\/span>\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7efc\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe3. \u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7edf\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7efc\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edcG*\uff08a\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027C(G*)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u6216\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff08b\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u6240\u9009\u7ea6\u675f\u4e0b\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03P(G\u2223\u03b8)\u7684\u6700\u5927\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u53c2\u6570\u03b8*\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4f3c\u7136\u4f30\u8ba1\u6765\u6784\u9020\u7684[198,211]\uff08c\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u786e\u4fdd\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u503c\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5f53C(G*)\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u7f51\u7edcG*\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u540e\u8005\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5904\u4e8e\u7531\u6240\u9009\u7ea6\u675f[205]\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cd\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7efc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6216\u8005\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7efc\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u68c0\u6d4bG*\u4e0e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b50\u56fe\uff08\u4e8c\u5143\u56fe\u6216\u4e09\u5143\u56fe\uff0cdyads or triads\uff09\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784[199]\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08e\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6240\u793a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e8c\u5143\u6a21\u4f53\u548c\u4e09\u5143\u6a21\u4f53\uff08\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u56fe\u548c\u4e09\u5143\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u968f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f\u7684<\/span>\u7edf\u8ba1\u663e\u8457\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f2008\u5e74\u5371\u673a\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u4fe1\u53f7[59]\u3002\u56fe\u7247\u7ecf\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[59,127]\u8bb8\u53ef\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    1\u3001\u5747\u8861\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5047\u8bbe\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u662f\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5bc6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u7531\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u83b7\u53d6\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ea\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u6027\u548c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u518d\u73b0\u6027\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7f3a\u5931\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u666e\u904d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784<\/strong>\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bde\u751f\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u91d1\u878d<\/span>\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u6784\u7b97\u6cd5[205]<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5217\u8868\u89c1\u88681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u91cd\u5efa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u6982\u7387\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u5305\u62ec\u6d41\u884c\u7684MaxEnt[134]<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u5e94\u4e0e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u7cfb\u7efc\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8fed\u4ee3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u62df\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5[135,206]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u867d\u7136\u66f4\u76f4\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d7\u5230\u5c06\u96f6\u6982\u7387\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u9650\u5236[207]\uff0c\u5305\u62ec<\/span>\uff08\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff09<\/span>\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u672a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5c06\u4f30\u8ba1\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u6982\u7387\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u8fde\u8fb9\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fde\u8fb9\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[208,209]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u88681. \u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u201cME\u201d\u8868\u793a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u71b5\uff0c\u201c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u201d\u8868\u793a\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u201c\u7c7b\u522b\u201d\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u6982\u7387\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u751f\u6210\u5355\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u5b9e\u4f8b\u8fd8\u662f\u7cfb\u7efc\u3002ERG, \u6307\u6570\u968f\u673a\u56fe\uff1bIPF\uff0c\u8fed\u4ee3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u62df\u5408\uff1bKL\uff0c\u5e93\u5c14\u5df4\u514b\u2013\u83b1\u5e03\u52d2\uff08Kullback\u2013Leibler\uff09\uff1bMECAPM\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u8d44\u672c\u8d44\u4ea7\u5b9a\u4ef7\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span>
    <\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6982\u7387\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7cfb\u7efc\u6765\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u90fd\u6709\u6210\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u7cfb\u7efc<\/strong>\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5[205,210,211]<\/span>\uff08\u89c1Box2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u63a8\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u89c2\u6d4b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4fdd\u5bc6\uff09<\/span>\u6570\u636e\u771f\u5b9e\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u672a\u83b7\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5047\u8bbe[212,213]\uff0c\u5e76\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u77e5\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53d7\u7ea6\u675f\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f[12,210]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e0e\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u672a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u53d7\u5230\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u603b\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u540c\u4e1a\u62c6\u501f<\/span>\uff08\u8d44\u4ea7\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u501f\u6b3e<\/span>\uff08\u8d1f\u503a\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6700\u5927\u5316\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65bd\u52a0\u7ea6\u675f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u505a\u51fa\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u652f\u6301\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6574\u4e2a\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ea7\u751f\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u63a8\u65ad\u5bf9\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5c5e\u6027\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u201c\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u201d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u5ea6\u4e3a2\u548c\u52a0\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u91cd\u6784\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u589e\u5f3a\u914d\u7f6e\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7ea6\u675f\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6[200,214]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6bcf\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\u4eba\u6216\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e24\u6b65\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5f15\u5165[17,215]\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7f3a\u4e4f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u521d\u6b65\u4f30\u8ba1\u8282\u70b9\u5ea6[216]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5143\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a\u6761\u4ef6\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u52a0\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u9999\u519c\u71b5\u6765\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u52a0\u6743\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ea6\u675f[207]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5bc6\u5ea6\u6821\u6b63\u91cd\u529b\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>\uff08density-corrected gravity method\uff09<\/span>\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e24\u6b65\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\u6027\u8d28\u65b9\u9762\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u91cd\u6784\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u548c\u592e\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u56db\u9879\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u201c\u8d5b\u9a6c\u201d\u6216\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76[217-220]\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u518d\u73b0\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u751f\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u96c6\u6216\u975e\u5e38\u7a00\u758f\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6781\u7aef\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u63a5[134]\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u5bc6\u5ea6\u65b9\u6cd5[208]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u4e00\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5148\u9a8c\u5730\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u4f73\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6b63\u5982\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u516c\u5f0f\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8981\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u7531\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\u7684\u5e73\u5747<\/span>\uff08\u5e73\u8861\uff09<\/span>\u914d\u7f6e<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe3\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u8be5\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7531\u7ea6\u675f\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u6f14\u5316\u662f\u51c6\u9759\u6001\u7684[199]\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5e73\u7a33\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8868\u5f81\u51c6\u5e73\u8861\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e73\u6ed1\u53d8\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8bc1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u91d1\u878d\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u56fd\u9645\u8d38\u6613\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08ITN\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\uff0c\u8fde\u8fb9\u4ee3\u8868\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u5173\u7cfb[221-226]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0cITN\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5c5e\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u56fd\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u603b\u6570\u4ece1950\u5e74\u52302000\u5e74\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[227]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u662f<\/span>\uff08\u5931\u8861\uff09<\/span>\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7247\uff0cITN\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u518d\u73b0[199]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u5728\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d8\u5316\u5f88\u5927<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5916\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5982\u65b0\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u521b\u5efa\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u671f\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u662f\u6709\u9650\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64ITN\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u5e73\u8861\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8377\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08DIN\uff09<\/span>[59]\u3002\u4e0eITN\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cDIN\u53ea\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8fdc\u79bb\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u671f\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6a21\u578b\u517c\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u975e\u5747\u8861\u7279\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316<\/span>\uff08formalism\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6709\u7528\u6027\u662f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e13\u95e8\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002 <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    2\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5931\u8861\u4e0e\u9a8c\u8bc1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5982\u524d\u4e00\u8282\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u6210\u529f\u7684\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7f51\u7edc\u5904\u4e8e\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6240\u9690\u542b\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u6216\u7b49\u6548\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5f53\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u68c0\u67e5\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u517c\u5bb9<\/strong>\u3002\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u7531\u53ef\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u91cd\u6784\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f3a\u52a0\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u88ab\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u624b\u5934\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7528\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u4f53\u73b0\u7684\u96f6\u5047\u8bbe\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8be6\u5c3d\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u201c\u5931\u8861\u7684\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6f84\u6e05\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u518d\u6b21\u8003\u8651\u8377\u5170\u94f6\u884c\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc[59]\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u57282007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u8fb9\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e92\u76f8\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u5bf9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u94f6\u884c\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fe1\u4efb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\u6765\u5bf9\u51b2\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u9884\u671f\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4fe1\u4efb\u5728\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4fb5\u8680\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u6bcf\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u501f\u6b3e\u4eba\u548c\u8d37\u6b3e\u4eba\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u7a81\u51fa\u5931\u8861\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e0e\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5371\u673a\u671f\u95f4\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e92\u60e0\u4e0e\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u663e\u8457\u504f\u5dee<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u56db\u5e74\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5371\u673a\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u7684\u51e0\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u8be5\u94f6\u884c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u964d\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u540e\u624d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u9884\u8b66\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u771f\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6765\u7a81\u663e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u4e5f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5faa\u73af\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u4e09\u5bb6\u94f6\u884c\u53c2\u4e0e\u5faa\u73af\u8d37\u6b3e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09<\/span> \u5c31\u5728\u5371\u673a\u6765\u88ad\u4e4b\u524d\u53d8\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5371\u673a\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u589e\u52a0\u4e86<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u540c\u6837\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5206\u6790\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u6301\u6709\u5171\u540c\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f[228]\uff0c\u5176\u601d\u8def\u662f\uff0c\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u7529\u5356\u4e2d\u627f\u62c5\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u6e05\u7b97\u98ce\u9669<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u548c\u6bcf\u79cd\u8bc1\u5238\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027[229,230]\u3002\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u65e9\u57282007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5c31\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5371\u673a\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u517c\u5bb9\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u8bc1\u5238\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e25\u91cd\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u5bf9\u91cd\u5927\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u96f6\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong>\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u53d6\u91cd\u8981\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u8f6f\u7ea6\u675f\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7efc\u4e0a\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e73\u5747\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u4ee5\u786c\u7ea6\u675f\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7cfb\u7efc\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u5355\u72ec\u6ee1\u8db3\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5177\u6709\u8f6f\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u88ab\u6307\u5b9a\u5e73\u5747\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u786c\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u96f6\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5fae\u6b63\u5219\u7cfb\u7efc\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4e14\u4e0d\u4ea7\u751f\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5fae\u6b63\u5219\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96be\u89e3\u6790\u5730\u903c\u8fd1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5b9a\u70b9\u903c\u8fd1\u6216\u6570\u503c\u91c7\u6837[97,231-239]<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[12]\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u8282\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \n

     <\/span>
    <\/p>\n<\/h2>\n

    \n
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    <\/section>\n
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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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    \u56db\u3001\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u89c2\u70b9<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u57282007-2008\u5e74\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u754c\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ece\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u6548\u5e94\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u653f\u7b56\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5fae\u89c2\u5ba1\u614e\u76d1\u7ba1<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u7528\u91d1\u878d\u653f\u7b56\u884c\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u94f6\u884c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/span>\u6b64\u540e\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u5ba1\u614e\u76d1\u7ba1<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5c06\u91d1\u878d\u4f53\u7cfb\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u4f53[154,240,241]\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u9650\u5236\u91d1\u878d\u51b2\u51fb\u5bf9\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8865\u5145<\/strong>\u3002\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u4ef7\u683c\u4ea7\u751f\u987a\u5468\u671f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\uff09<\/span>\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u673a\u6784\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u6b27\u6d32\u592e\u884c<\/span>\uff08ECB\uff09<\/span>\u8bc4\u4f30\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669[20]\uff1b\u6b27\u6d32\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08ESRB\uff09<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u884d\u751f\u54c1\u5e02\u573a[21,109]\u548c\u4fdd\u9669\u516c\u53f8\u7f51\u7edc[242]\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u91d1\u878d\u7814\u7a76\u529e\u516c\u5ba4<\/span>\uff08OFR\uff09<\/span>[194]\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u94f6\u884c<\/span>\uff08BoE\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6355\u6349\u6765\u81ea\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b[243,244]\u4f20\u67d3\u3001\u878d\u8d44\u4f20\u67d3\u6216\u6295\u8d44\u7ec4\u5408\u91cd\u53e0[244]\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236[22]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u6e05\u7b97\u94f6\u884c<\/span>\uff08BIS\uff0c\u534f\u8c03\u5168\u7403\u94f6\u884c\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u5c06\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u6027\u7eb3\u5165\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u6807\u51c6[245]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u7b80\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6311\u6218\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u4e3a\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u79cd\u91d1\u878d\u4f20\u67d3\u6e20\u9053<\/strong>\u6a21\u578b\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u52aa\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u63a2\u7d22\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f20\u67d3\u6e20\u9053\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u653e\u5927\u548c\u8870\u51cf\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u5206\u6790\u5904\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u91d1\u878d\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\u662f\u9759\u6001\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6539\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u7a81\u7136\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u9690\u542b\u7740\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u53d1\u751f\u5173\u7cfb\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6a21\u578b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5178\u578b\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8981\u957f\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u4f55\u65f6\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u6d88\u5931\u7684[246-248]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u7528\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u6bcf\u5929\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u6781\u5c0f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u51c6\u7684\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u6570\u636e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6bcf\u5b63\u5ea6\u6216\u6bcf\u5e74\u62a5\u544a\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5bf9\u65f6\u95f4\u5207\u7247\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5207\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u8ddd\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u79ef\u7d2f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u8ba1\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u6700\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6355\u6349\u5e02\u573a\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u4ea4\u6613\u7ea7\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u5f97\u5230\u90e8\u5206\u7f13\u89e3\u3002\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4ec5\u6db5\u76d6\u5355\u4e2a\u8f96\u533a\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\u4ecd\u7136\u9065\u4e0d\u53ef\u53ca<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u56db\uff0c\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u94f6\u884c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u8131\u94a9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u626e\u6f14\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5177\u6709\u5f02\u8d28\u673a\u6784\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e[186]\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cc\u5411\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4eba\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u94f6\u884c-\u4f01\u4e1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u9988[249-251]\uff0c\u4f46\u66f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u5d4c\u5165\u5230\u6210\u719f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e0e\u6c14\u5019\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u9669<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u538b\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[252]\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5411\u4f4e\u78b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u88ab\u63a8\u8fdf\u5e76\u4ee5\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u91d1\u878d\u7a33\u5b9a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u78b3\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u8d44\u4ea7\u5927\u5e45\u8d2c\u503c\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u88ab\u201c\u6401\u6d45\u201d\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u6301\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7ed8\u5236\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u655e\u53e3\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u51cf\u8f7b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e13\u4e1a\u8bcd\u6c47\u5217\u8868<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Bipartite networks\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u4ec5\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4e14\u8fde\u8fb9\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6bd4\u5982A\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u516c\u53f8\uff0cB\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u4ee3\u8868\u8463\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ec5\u516c\u53f8\u548c\u8463\u4e8b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u82e5 B \u8463\u4e8b\u5728 A \u516c\u53f8\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u5c06\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u8fde\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Multiplex networks\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u8282\u70b9\u96c6\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5c42\uff09\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8d44\u4ea7\uff08Assets\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u5f53\u524d\u6216\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6536\u5165\u800c\u5177\u6709\u6b63\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Small-world network\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u5177\u6709\u5927\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u5c0f\u5e73\u5747\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u793e\u56e2\u7ed3\u6784\uff08Community structure\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u6784\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4e3a\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u5404\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u76f8\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8f83\u7a00\u758f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8def\u5f84\uff08Path\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8fde\u8fb9\uff0c\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u6307\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5f02\u914d\u6027\uff08Disassortativity\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5ea6\u6570\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u540c\u914d\u6027\u662f\u6307\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u4e0e\u5176\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u6570\u7684\u503e\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u5355\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6295\u5f71\uff08One-mode projections\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u4e8c\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u5355\u5206\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6295\u5f71\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8282\u70b9(\u5982 A \u7c7b\u8282\u70b9) \uff0c\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u6240\u5171\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u5982B\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u4e3a\u96f6\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540c\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fde\u8fb9\u7684\u6743\u503c\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5176\u5171\u540c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u8463\u4e8b\u7684\u8fde\u8fb9\u6743\u503c\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u6ee4\u6ce2\u77e9\u9635\uff08Filtered matrix\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7edf\u8ba1\u68c0\u9a8c\u6216\u6d88\u9664\u566a\u58f0\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u77e9\u9635\uff0c\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e0a\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0cLiquidity \uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u6307\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u5982\u73b0\u91d1\uff09\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u77ed\u671f\u8d1f\u503a\uff08\u5982\u9694\u65e5\u507f\u8fd8\u7684\u8d37\u6b3e\uff09\u7684\u6570\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8d1f\u503a\uff08Liabilities\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e0a\u56e0\u5f53\u524d\u6216\u672a\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u503a\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ef7\u503c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\uff08Equity\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u4f1a\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d1f\u503a\u8868\u4e0a\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u8d1f\u503a\u7684\u5dee\u989d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u507f\u4ed8\uff08Solvency\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u5bb6\u673a\u6784\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5927\u4e8e\u8d1f\u503a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u80a1\u4e1c\u6743\u76ca\u4e3a\u6b63\u6570\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u98ce\u9669\u4ef7\u503c\uff08Value-at-Risk\uff0cVaR\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u98ce\u9669\u5ea6\u91cf\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u635f\u5931\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\uff08\u5178\u578b\uff09\u5927\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a0.99\u65f6\uff0c\u635f\u5931\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u8de8\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc71\u5e74\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6bcf100\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u9884\u671f\u8d44\u91d1\u7f3a\u53e3\uff08Expected shortfall\uff0cES\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u98ce\u9669\u5ea6\u91cf\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5e73\u5747\u635f\u5931\u8d85\u8fc7\u635f\u5931\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff08\u5178\u578b\uff09\u5927\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u3002\u5b83\u603b\u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u540c\u4e00\u5206\u4f4d\u6570\u4e0b\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u4ef7\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u7ea6\u675f\uff08Constraints\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u91cd\u6784\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b9e\u65bd\u6216\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u9999\u519c\u71b5\uff08Shannon entropy \uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u6839\u636e\u968f\u673a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u91cf\u5316\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u6cdb\u51fd\uff0c\u5728\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4e3a\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5bc6\u5ea6\uff08Density\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b9e\u9645\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u53ef\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
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