{"id":30098,"date":"2021-11-19T20:32:32","date_gmt":"2021-11-19T12:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30098"},"modified":"2021-11-19T20:32:32","modified_gmt":"2021-11-19T12:32:32","slug":"%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e6%8e%a8%e6%96%ad%e5%9c%a8%e8%a7%82%e5%af%9f%e6%80%a7%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8%e2%85%b1%ef%bc%9a%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90-%e5%91%a8%e6%97%a5%e7%9b%b4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30098","title":{"rendered":"\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u2161\uff1a\u5206\u6790 | \u5468\u65e5\u76f4\u64ad\u00b7\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='wxsyncmain'>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\" data-mpa-powered-by=\"yiban.io\">\n<section 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\/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\n<section style=\"clear: none;line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5728\u524d\u4e24\u6b21\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u63a8\u65ad\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u975e\u968f\u673a\u5316\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5373\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u822c\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u540e\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5206\u914d\u65b9\u6848\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u662f\u5747\u8861\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed9\u5b9a\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u540e\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5206\u914d\u673a\u5236\u72ec\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f30\u8ba1\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u6b63\u5982Rosenbaum\u548cRubin\u57281983\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: none;line-height: 2em;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u8ba8\u8bba\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u672c\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u56f4\u7ed5Guido Imben\u548cDonald Rubin\u7684\u8457\u4f5cCausal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences\u7b2c\u56db\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u7b2c\u4e94\u90e8\u5206\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5c06\u53c2\u8003Paul Rosenbaum\u7684Design of Observational Studies\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u5747\u8861\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5f53\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9006\u6982\u7387\u52a0\u6743\u4f30\u8ba1\u3001\u5b50\u5206\u7c7b\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u5339\u914d\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin: 10px 8px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;line-height: 0;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-fileid=\"100098629\" data-ratio=\"0.07314814814814814\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wxsync-2021-11-e16cd5b776e38a4f6806c73548bdc7d4.png\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u80cc\u666f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u6536\u5165\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1fImbens-Rubin-Sacerdote\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u7a0e\u5c40\u5f69\u7968\u6570\u636e\u6536\u96c6\u4e86\u67d0\u5e74\u4e70\u5f69\u7968\u4e2d\u4e86\u5927\u5956\uff08Winner\uff09\u548c\u4e2d\u4e86\u5c0f\u5956\uff08Loser\uff09\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u628a\u662f\u5426\u4e2d\u5927\u5956\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4e70\u5f69\u7968\u540e\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ed3\u5c40\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u6027\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e70\u5f69\u7968\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e2d\u5927\u5956\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8d8a\u5927\uff1b\u539f\u672c\u5de5\u8d44\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e2d\u5956\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u4e5f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e70\u5f69\u7968\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u539f\u672c\u5de5\u8d44\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u6784\u9020\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u7eb3\u5165\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u3002\u4f30\u8ba1\u5b8c\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f30\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\u9006\u6982\u7387\u52a0\u6743\u4f30\u8ba1\u548c\u5b50\u5206\u7c7b\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5e76\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4f18\u52a3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7535\u710a\u5de5\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u94ec\u548c\u954d\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77DNA\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4ea4\u8054\uff08DNA\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u635f\u4f24\uff09\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u670921\u4f4d\u7535\u710a\u5de5\u548c26\u4f4d\u5bf9\u7167\u8005\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u7528\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u660e\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51e0\u79cd\u5339\u914d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u914d\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u5bf9\u7167\u5339\u914d\u3001\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u3002\u5339\u914d\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u9700\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u67d0\u4e9b\u540d\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u7cbe\u7ec6\u5747\u8861\u6765\u7ea6\u675f\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u8be5\u540d\u4e49\u53d8\u91cf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u95f4\u7684\u5747\u8861\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u591a\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u4fbf\u5212\u5206\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\uff08\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u5242\u91cf\u6548\u5e94\u65f6\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u975e\u4e8c\u90e8\u56fe\u5339\u914d\u6784\u9020\u914d\u5bf9\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cCard\u548cKrueger\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7387\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"353\" data-backw=\"562\" data-height=\"377\" data-ratio=\"0.6283333333333333\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"600\" data-width=\"600\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wxsync-2021-11-2658f778d0f9a4dd911034316b66d812.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe\uff1a\u4eca\u65e5\u968f\u673a\u533b\u5b66\u65b0\u95fb\uff1a\u5496\u5561\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cc\u80de\u80ce\u6291\u90c1\uff0cJim Borgman<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<h1 style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/h1>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f30\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u672c\u6b21\u62a5\u544a\u5c06\u4ece\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u5747\u8861\u6027\u8d28\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u6839\u636e\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u5bf9\u6837\u672c\u5206\u5c42\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e09\u79cd\u5178\u578b\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">1. \u9006\u6982\u7387\u52a0\u6743\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8bb0Horvitz-Thompson\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5373\u76f4\u63a5\u7528\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u5012\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u7ed3\u5c40\u7684\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e0e\u56de\u5f52\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u53cc\u7a33\u5065\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 15px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">2. \u5b50\u5206\u7c7b\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5373\u6309\u7167\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b8c\u6574\u6837\u672c\u5206\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u5c42\u5185\u4f30\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u5c42\u6837\u672c\u91cf\u52a0\u6743\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5b50\u5206\u7c7b\u4f30\u8ba1\u662f\u52a0\u6743\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u9006\u6982\u7387\u52a0\u6743\u4f30\u8ba1\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"line-height: 1.75em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">3. \u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e00\u822c\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f83\u5c11\u3001\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f83\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u5728\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5339\u914d\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u3001\u975e\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u914d\u5bf9\u9009\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6709\u65e0\u653e\u56de\u5339\u914d\u3001\u6709\u653e\u56de\u5339\u914d\uff1b\u6839\u636e\u5339\u914d\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u914d\u5bf9\u5339\u914d\u3001\u591a\u91cd\u5bf9\u7167\u5339\u914d\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u5b9e\u9645\u4f8b\u5b50\u8bf4\u660e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e09\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u90fd\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u62a5\u544a\u4e5f\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5982\u4f2a\u7ed3\u5c40\u3001\u4f2a\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8bf4\u660e\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u4e8e\u68c0\u9a8c\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355\u5bf9\u6bd4\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u5f53\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u6734\u7d20\u6a21\u578b\u628a\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\uff1a\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u534f\u53d8\u91cf\u6784\u9020\u53ef\u6bd4\u7684\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u4e2a\u4f53\u5339\u914d\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u7528\u624b\u5934\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8bba\u8bc1\u975e\u6df7\u6dc6\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\u3001\u504f\u79bb\u591a\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e3b\u8bb2\u4eba&nbsp;<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: right;\"><span style=\"text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: justify;\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-ratio=\"1.0894941634241244\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"514\" style=\"width: 166px;height: 181px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wxsync-2021-11-e0ad4f5399c42b054a572b6a9e17a6f9.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u9093\u5b87\u660a<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b662018\u7ea7\u535a\u58eb\u751f\uff0c\u5bfc\u5e08\u4e3a\u5468\u6653\u534e\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7edf\u8ba1\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u3001\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5df2\u5728Biometrics\u3001Statistics in Medicine\u7b49\u6742\u5fd7\u53d1\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p><strong style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u76f4\u64ad\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">2021\u5e7411\u670821\u65e5\u4e0a\u53489\uff1a00-11\uff1a00<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"list-style-type: disc;\">\n<li>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6587\u672b\u626b\u7801\u53c2\u52a0<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u56e0\u679c+X\uff1a\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63<\/a>\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u7fa4\u804a\uff0c\u83b7\u53d6\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u56de\u770b\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u793e\u533a\u79cd\u5b50\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e0e900\u4f59\u4f4d\u793e\u533a\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6c9f\u901a\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u63a8\u52a8\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8 B \u7ad9\u514d\u8d39\u76f4\u64ad\uff0c\u626b\u7801\u53ef\u9884\u7ea6\u3002<\/span><span style=\"text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"835\" data-backw=\"562\" data-height=\"977\" data-ratio=\"1.4855555555555555\"  data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"900\" data-width=\"659\" style=\"white-space: normal;width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wxsync-2021-11-3c3fe25b4206b607a9928ca3a8f2b8a8.jpeg\"  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;text-align: center;\">\u626b\u7801\u62a5\u540d<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<h3 style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section data-mpa-template=\"t\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;text-align: center;justify-content: center;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"margin-bottom: -15px;\">\n<section mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;\">\n<p><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7531\u667a\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\u7684<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-linktype=\"2\" style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u5411\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u63a8\u8350\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u624b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u5de5\u79d1\u6216\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u5c5e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\u5df2\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90e8\u7f72\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u81ea2021\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348 9:00-11:00\u4e3e\u529e\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba1 2-3 \u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<h1 style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong>\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5927\u7eb2\u4e00\u89c8\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">Donald Rubin\uff1aEssential Concepts of causal inference<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u679c\u6846\u67b6\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff1aDESIGN<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u7eed\uff09\uff1aANALYSIS<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u8ba8\u300d<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u836f\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u968f\u673a\u68ee\u6797\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u591a\u7ea7\u6cbb\u7597\u4e0e\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u66b4\u9732<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8350\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 10px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u4e0e\u516c\u5e73\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;margin-bottom: 5px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u300c\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u4e60\u300d<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u53cc\u7a33\u5065\u4f30\u8ba1\u3001\u5904\u7406\u6781\u7aef\u503e\u5411\u5f97\u5206\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u9634\u6027\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u9ad8\u7ef4\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u7ed3\u5408\u968f\u673a\u5316\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u6570\u636e<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u4f60\u5df2\u9009\u4e2d\u4e86\u6dfb\u52a0\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"1\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;cursor: pointer;max-width: 100%;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\" data-positionback=\"static\" style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;line-height: 0;vertical-align: bottom;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"237\" data-backw=\"562\" data-cropselx1=\"0\" data-cropselx2=\"562\" data-cropsely1=\"0\" data-cropsely2=\"518\" data-fileid=\"100099027\" data-ratio=\"0.4212962962962963\"  data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;width: 661px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/wxsync-2021-11-182ca533aa54fa4e2cf8c369b050cce9.jpeg\"  \/><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;box-sizing: border-box !important;word-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;\"><span style=\"background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);\">\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bfc\u8bed 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