{"id":30375,"date":"2021-11-25T22:07:46","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T14:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30375"},"modified":"2021-11-25T22:07:46","modified_gmt":"2021-11-25T14:07:46","slug":"%e9%87%8f%e5%8c%96%e5%9b%a0%e6%9e%9c%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%e8%a1%a8%e6%98%8e%ef%bc%9a%e5%ae%8f%e8%a7%82%e5%8f%af%e4%bb%a5%e6%88%98%e8%83%9c%e5%be%ae%e8%a7%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30375","title":{"rendered":"\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6218\u80dc\u5fae\u89c2"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2013\u5e74\uff0cErik P. Hoel\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u6218\u80dc\u5fae\u89c2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff08effective information\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5168\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Erik P. Hoel, Larissa Albantakis, Giulio Tononi<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d75\u5a77\u5a77<\/span> | <\/strong><\/span>\u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6881\u91d1<\/span> | \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro<\/span>
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https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/content\/110\/49\/19790<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u548c\u533a\u57df\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u6570\u5341\u3001\u6570\u767e\u6216\u6570\u5343\u6beb\u79d2\u3002\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8868\u8fbe\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u968f\u9644\u6027<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08supervenience\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5047\u8bbe,\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u8868\u8fbe\u3001\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u91cf\u5316\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08effective information, EI\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53ca\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8be5\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u5904\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fae\u89c2\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u522b\u8ba1\u7b97\u5176\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7f6e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u5904\u7406\u540e\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5e95\u5c42\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u66f4\u5c0f\u7684\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u8d85\u8fc7\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u968f\u9644\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53d6\u4ee3\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/span>\uff08causal emergence\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8fc1\u79fb\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u7406\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u201c\u5b8f\u89c2\u201d\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b \u201c\u5fae\u89c2\u201d\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u800c\u66f4\u7b26\u5408\u5bf9\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u76f4\u89c9\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u82e5\u9700\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u673a\u7406\u5e76\u51c6\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u5236\u6709\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u8111\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u4e2d\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6216\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u6765\u8868\u5f81[1]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u673a\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u4ee5\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee[2]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u652f\u6491\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u5f53\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u968f\u9644\u6027<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[3]\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u5728\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u8d21\u732e\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u201c\u591a\u91cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u5b58\u5728[4]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u903b\u8f91\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u9664\u201d\u8bba\u70b9\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u53cd\u9a73\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8d85\u8d8a\u751f\u7406\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027[5]\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u6240\u6709\u5177\u6709\u968f\u9644\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb[6]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[7]\u3001\u8681\u7fa4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[8]\u3001\u5927\u8111[9]\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a[10]\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u652f\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790[11]\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u9700\u8981\u91cf\u5316\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d[12]\u5c1a\u6ca1\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c1a\u672a\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u695a\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c55\u73b0\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4eff\u771f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b9a\u91cf\u5730\u8868\u660e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u56e0\u679c\u5730\u53d6\u4ee3\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u5e93\u65bd\u52a0\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d(EI)[13]\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7531\u6b64\u6270\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7528\u6270\u52a8\u6765\u6355\u6349\u7cfb\u7edf\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002\u5728\u540e\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u9ad8\u4e14\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u4f4e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u566a\u58f0<\/span>\uff08\u5bfc\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u53d1\u6563\uff09<\/span>\u548c\/\u6216\u7b80\u5e76<\/span>\uff08\u5bfc\u81f4\u56e0\u679c\u6536\u655b\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\uff08\u968f\u9644\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\/\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6620\u5c04\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5176\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6\u5408\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u800c\u975e\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b8f\u89c2\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u4e4b\u4e0a\u968f\u9644\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f18\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8bc4\u4f30\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u6216\u7ec6\u7c92\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53d8\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u56e0\u679c\u9000\u5316<\/span>\uff08causal reduction\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u7531\u4e92\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4e8c\u503c\u5316\uff08\u4e8c\u6001\uff09\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u7cfb\u7edfS\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u51fd\u6570(\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236) \u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u5355\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edfS\u7684\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edfS\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e86\u5176\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u957ft\u4e0a\u4ece\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635<\/span>\uff08transition probability matrix, TPM\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u7531Judea Pearl\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7528\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65bd\u52a0\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba<\/span>\uff08[14]\uff1b\u53e6\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[18]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728t0<\/sub>[13]\u65f6\u523b\u4ee5\u76f8\u7b49\u7684\u6982\u73871\/n\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edfS\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684n\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\u65bd\u52a0\u6270\u52a8\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u8be5\u6270\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201cdo\u201d\u51fd\u6570\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u5b66\u8868\u8fbe[do(S=si<\/sub>) \u2200i<\/span><\/sub>\u22081\u2026n]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0UC<\/sup>\u7684\u65e0\u7ea6\u675f\u5e93<\/span>\uff08\u7b49\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5728t+1\u65f6\u7ed3\u679c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679cUE<\/sup>\u7684\u65e0\u7ea6\u675f\u5e93\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136UC<\/sup>\u7b26\u5408\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03U[P(s)=1\/n,\u2200s\u2208S]\uff0cUE<\/sup>\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u5747\u5300\u7684\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001S=s0<\/sub>\u65e2\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u76f8\u5173\u8054<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u96c6SP<\/sub>|s0<\/sub>\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u89c4\u5219\u53ef\u5f97\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u96c6SF<\/sub>|s0<\/sub>\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5728\u673a\u5236\u548c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0UC<\/sup>\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679cUE<\/sup>\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5ea6\u91cf<\/strong>[15]\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6709\u7ea6\u675f\u5206\u5e03\u548c\u65e0\u7ea6\u675f\u5206\u5e03\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/strong><\/span>\uff08 Kullback\u2013Leibler \u6563\u5ea6\uff08DKL<\/sub>\uff09[16] \uff09<\/span>\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f(s<\/span>0<\/sub>)=DKL<\/sub>((SP<\/sub>|s0<\/sub>),UC<\/sup>),<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f(s<\/span>0<\/sub>)= DKL<\/sub>((SF<\/sub>|s0<\/sub>),UE<\/sup>).<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u539f\u56e0\/\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\uff1a(1)\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u5c0f<\/span>\uff08\u5907\u9009\u72b6\u6001\u5e93\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\u90fd\u662flog2<\/sub>(n)\uff1b(2)\u7cfb\u7edf\u673a\u5236\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c3a\u5bf8\u533a\u5206\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7cfb\u6570\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u201c\u539f\u56e0\u7cfb\u6570<\/strong>\u201d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570<\/strong>\u201d\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7528\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u672a\u6765\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1B\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u505a\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570=\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570(s<\/span>0<\/sub>)-\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570(s<\/span>0<\/sub>)
<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570<\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u5e93\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03(U)\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\uff0c\u5373DKL<\/sub>((SF<\/sub><\/span>|<\/span>s<\/span>0<\/sub>)\uff0cU)\uff0c\u9664\u4ee5log2<\/sub>(n)\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cfs<\/span>0<\/sub>\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5730<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u9760\u5730\uff09<\/span>\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u4e3ap=1\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u5355\u4e00\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u201c1\u201d<\/span> (\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u6027)<\/span>\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u5747\u5300\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u5373p=1\/n\uff0c\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u662f\u201c0\u201d <\/span>(\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6216\u566a\u58f0)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570<\/span><\/strong>\u8861\u91cf\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u6536\u655b\u5230s0<\/sub>\u8868\u793a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u566a\u58f0\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u529f\u80fd[17,18]\u3002\u5f53\u7531s<\/span>0<\/sub>\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u72b6\u6001\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a1<\/span>\uff08\u5b8c\u5168\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f53s<\/span>0<\/sub>\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u672a\u6765\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a0<\/span>\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u4e0d\u540c\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u3002(A) \u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236COPY\u95e8\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a0\u548c1\u3002(B) \u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cs0<\/sub>=[11]\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e2\u65e0\u53d1\u6563\u6027\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570=1\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6536\u655b\u6027\uff08\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570=0\uff09\u3002(C) \u548c(D) \u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u5b8c\u5168\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u72b6\u6001s0<\/sub>=[11]\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u672a\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5176\u56e0\u679c\u7cfb\u6570=0\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u566a\u58f0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570\u4e3a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6536\u655b\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u566a\u58f0\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u566a\u58f0\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1C\u548cD\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u7cfb\u6570\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u53d6\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\u4e3a0\uff0c\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e14\u975e\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u503c\u4e3a1 [1]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u89e3\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u5355\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u539f\u56e0\u7cfb\u6570\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7ec6\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u83b7\u5f97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u901a\u8fc7\u53d6\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u671f\u671b\u503c<\/strong>\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u8be5\u5ea6\u91cf\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08effective information, EI\uff09<\/span>:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e24\u9879\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c<t-1<\/sub>\u2192t0<\/sub>> = <t0<\/sub>\u2192t+1<\/sub>>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u89c4\u5219\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3002\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ca\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong><\/span>\uff08mutual, information, MI\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373MI (UC<\/sup>;UE<\/sup>)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u539f\u56e0\u5982\u4f55\u6709\u6548\u5730<\/span>\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u548c\u552f\u4e00\u5730\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u4ea7\u751f\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027(Eff)\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8fdb\u884c\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5904\u7406\uff1aEff(S)=EI(S)\/log2<\/sub>(n)\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0c\u8be5\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027:<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5b9a\u5236\u7684Python\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790<\/span> (\u56fe\u4e2d\u4ec5\u663e\u793a\u4e86EI(S)\u6700\u5927\u7684SM<\/sub><\/span>)<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528MATLAB\u7ed8\u5236\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u679c\u56fe\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u4ee5\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u7a7a\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e3a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u9610\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u56db\u4e2a\u4e8c\u503c\u5143\u7d20S<\/span>m<\/sub>={ABCD}\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span> (\u5982\u56fe2A) <\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\u9610\u91ca\u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u539f\u7406\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4e0e\u95e8\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fa\u6709\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4ece[0000]\u5230[1111]\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u6784\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a16\u00d716\u7684S<\/span>m<\/sub>\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635<\/span> (\u5373TPM\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2B)<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6S<\/span>m<\/sub>\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606fEI(S)=1.15\u6bd4\u7279(\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53d6\u503c\u4e3a4\u6bd4\u7279)\uff0c \u5176\u6709\u6548\u6027Eff(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.29\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6S<\/span>M<\/sub><\/span> (\u5982\u56fe2D\u6240\u793a)<\/span>\u662f\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6S<\/span>m<\/sub>\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2B\u4e2d\u7684\u6620\u5c04M\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20{\u03b1\uff0c\u03b2}\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u6709[\u201c\u5f00\u201d\u201c\u5173\u201d]\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u4ece[\u5173,\u5173]\u5230[\u5f00,\u5f00]\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5f97\u52304\u00d74\u7684SM\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe2E\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a1.55\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76841.15\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u56e0\u6b64CE(S)=0.40\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b8f\u89c2SM<\/sub><\/span>\u6218\u80dc\u5fae\u89c2S<\/span>m<\/sub>\uff0c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edfS\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u56e0\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3aEff(SM<\/sub><\/span>)=0.78\uff0c\u8bf4\u660eSM\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6bd4\u7279\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u635f\u5931 – 0.57\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u4e3b\u8981\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u768491%\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u566a\u97f3\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff08\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.34\uff1b(SM<\/sub><\/span>)=0.78\uff09\uff0c\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u76849%\uff09\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\uff08\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.05\uff1b(SM<\/sub><\/span>)=0.006\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff08\u63d0\u5347\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff09\u3002(A) \u7cfb\u7edfS\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6Sm<\/sub><\/span><\/span>\u7531\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u6784\u6210\u3002(B)\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u5c3a\u5ea6S<\/span>M<\/sub><\/span>\u548c\u5b83\u7684TPM\uff0c\u8be5\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7531\u6620\u5c04M\u5b9a\u4e49\uff08AB\u5230\u03b1\u548cCD\u5230\u03b2\u5bf9\u79f0\uff09\u3002(C) \u5fae\u89c2\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u3002(D)S<\/span>M<\/sub><\/span><\/span>\u53ca\u5176\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u3002(E)\u867d\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u51cf\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u5347\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6709\u6548\u6027Eff\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u9ad8\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6bd4\u8f83SM<\/sub><\/span>\u548cS<\/span>m<\/sub>\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4e5f\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u72b6\u6001{ABCD}=[0001]\u4e0bS<\/span>m<\/sub>\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u56fe3\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684SM<\/sub><\/span>\u72b6\u6001{\u03b1\u03b2} = [\u5173,\u5173]\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97S<\/span>m<\/sub>=[0001]\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u5e03\u4e0e\u65e0\u7ea6\u675f\u5e93\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7DKL<\/sub>\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa0.83\u6bd4\u7279\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u548c0.43\u6bd4\u7279\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2SM<\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a2\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a1.35\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u80dc\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a{\u03b1\u03b2}=[\u5173,\u5173]\u6bd4{ABCD}=[0001]\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe3. \u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002(A)\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001{ABCD}=[0001]\u7684Sm<\/sub>\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\u72b6\u6001\u5e93[0001]\u548c\u975e\u7ea6\u675f\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5e93UC<\/sup>(\u5de6\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb(\u901a\u8fc7DKL<\/sub>\u5b9a\u4e49)\u3002\u968f\u9644\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001{\u03b1\u03b2}=[\u5173\uff0c\u5173]\uff08\u5982\u53f3\u534a\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff09\u7684SM<\/sub>\u539f\u56e0\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u5e93[\u5173\uff0c\u5173]\u548c\u975e\u7ea6\u675f\u5b8f\u89c2\u5e93UC<\/sup>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb(\u901a\u8fc7D<\/span>KL<\/sub><\/span>\u5b9a\u4e49)\u3002(B)\u7ed3\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0<\/span> (\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0)<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u3002\u5728\u56fe4\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20A-F\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e0e\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7b80\u5e76\u6027<\/span> (\u5982\u56fe4A\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7cfb\u6570=1\uff1b\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u6570=0.6)<\/span>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4Eff(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.4\uff0cEI(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=2.43\u6bd4\u7279<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe4C\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5bf9\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u516d\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u4e0e\u95e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u590d\u5236\u95e8<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u03b1\u03b2\u03b3\uff09(\u5982\u56fe4B)<\/span>\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u90fd\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u9664\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\uff0cEff(S<\/span>M<\/sub>)=1\u6bd4\u7279\uff0cEI (S<\/span>M<\/sub>)=3\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u8be5\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0 (CE= 0.57\u6bd4\u7279)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe4. \u7a7a\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0(\u51cf\u5c11\u7b80\u5e76\u6027)\u3002(A)\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4e0e\u95e8\u7684\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7cfb\u7edfS<\/span>m<\/sub>\u3002(B)\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0e\u95e8\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8fde\u63a5\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u590d\u5236\u95e8\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0a\u3002(C)\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u4f46\u7b80\u5e76\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u3002(D)\u5177\u6709\u96f6\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5b8f\u89c2\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u51cf\u5c11\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6(CE=0.57\u6bd4\u7279)\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u81f3\u65f6\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u7ec4\u5c06\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65(tx<\/sub>) \u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65(Tx<\/sub>)\u3002\u5982\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u5728\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u8f93\u51fa\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u673a\u5236<\/span> (\u5982\u56fe5A)<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u56fe5B\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e0a\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f88\u5f31\uff08EI(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.16\u6bd4\u7279\uff1bEff(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.03\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u672a\u80fd\u6355\u83b7\u4e8c\u9636\u673a\u5236\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u805a\u5408\u540e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790 <\/span>(\u5982\u56fe5C) <\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230EI=1.38\u6bd4\u7279\uff0cEff(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.34\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5206\u7ec4\u5212\u5206\u03b1={At<\/sub>, At+1<\/sub>}\u548c\u03b2={Bt<\/sub>, Bt+1<\/sub>} <\/span>(\u5982\u56fe5D) <\/span>\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u56fe2\u4e2d\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u7ec4\uff1a{00, 01, 10}={\u5173}\u548c{11}={\u5f00}\u3002\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e0a\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u975e\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff0cEI(SM<\/sub>) = 2\u6bd4\u7279\uff0cEff(SM<\/sub>) = 1\uff0cCE(S) = 0.62\u6bd4\u7279<\/span> (\u5982\u56fe5E\u548cF\u6240\u793a)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe5. \u65f6\u95f4\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002(A)S<\/span>m<\/sub>\u7531\u4e8c\u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u673a\u5236A\u548cB\u6784\u6210\uff1at0<\/sub>\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u673a\u5236\u57fa\u4e8et-2<\/sub>\u548ct-1<\/sub>\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5728t0<\/sub>\u548ct+1<\/sub>\u65f6\u523b\u505a\u51fa\u8f93\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002(B)\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u3002(C)\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8c\u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u673a\u5236\u3002(D)\u6700\u4f18\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edfS<\/span>M<\/sub>\u4e3a\u5c06\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u5206\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20{\u03b1,\u03b2}\u3002(E)\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u590d\u5236\u95e8\u3002(F)\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u7684Eff(SM<\/sub>)=1\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u7387\u77e9\u9635\u7684Eff(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)=0.34\uff1bCE=0.62\u6bd4\u7279\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u65f6\u7a7a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f<\/span> (\u5982\u56fe6\u6240\u793a)<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u56fe6A\u6240\u793a\uff0c9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e3a\u4e8c\u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u79d1\u592b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5206\u522b\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65 t-2<\/sub> t-1<\/sub> \u548c t0<\/sub> t+1<\/sub> \u4e0a\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u805a\u5408\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5728\u56fe6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u5f02\u6784\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed8\u5236\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u81ea\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8[1]:p(A\/D\/G)=0.45;p(B\/E\/H)=0.5;p(C\/F\/I)=0.55\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\u5185\u548c\u7ec4\u95f4\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u6784\u9020\u4e3a\u4e09\u7ec4{ABC,DEF,GHI}\uff1a\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5185\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec4\u5185\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4e3a0(\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65)\uff0c\u5219\u6240\u6709\u5143\u7d20\u4fdd\u63010<\/span> (\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65)<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e0a\u6765\u81ea\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u603b\u548c\u4e3a6<\/span> (\u5373\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u540c\u6b65\u6d3b\u52a8)<\/span>\uff0c\u5219p(1)\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65\u4e2d\u88ab\u63d0\u9ad80.5\u3002\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6SM<\/sub>\u4e0a <\/span>(\u5982\u56fe6B\u6240\u793a)<\/span>\uff0c\u4e09\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5206\u522b\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65(tx<\/sub>)<\/span>)\u88ab\u5206\u7ec4\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u6b65(Tx<\/sub>)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u201c\u5fae\u67f1\u201d\uff1a\u201c\u6291\u5236\u7684\u201d (\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u67f1\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728T<\/span>x<\/sub>)<\/span>\u65f6\u5b89\u9759)\uff0c\u201c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u201d (\u90e8\u5206\u5fae\u67f1\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728Tx<\/sub>)<\/span>\u65f6\u653e\u7535)\uff0c\u6216\u201c\u7206\u53d1\u7684\u201d (\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u67f1\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728T<\/span>x<\/sub>)<\/span>\u65f6\u653e\u7535)\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u88ab\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7206\u53d1\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u63a5\u53d7\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u7206\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4fdd\u6301\u88ab\u6291\u5236\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u540e\u7684S<\/span>M<\/sub>\u6bd4S<\/span>m<\/sub> (EI(S<\/span>m<\/sub> =0.59\u6bd4\u7279\uff1bEff(Sm<\/sub>)=0.033)\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684EI(S<\/span>M<\/sub>)=3.51\u6bd4\u7279\u548cEff(S<\/span>M<\/sub>)=0.74\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65f6\u7a7a\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0 (CE(S)=2.92\u6bd4\u7279) \u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5176\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u8f7b\u5fae\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe6. \u65f6\u7a7a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002(A)\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u201d\u7cfb\u7edf\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u56fe5\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u4e0e\u56fe5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u7bad\u5934\u548c\u5706\u5f62\u7bad\u5934\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u7ec4\u95f4\u548c\u7ec4\u5185\u8fde\u63a5\u3002(B)\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u63a5\u6536\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u8eab\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u56e0\u679c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u80dc\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65f6\u7a7a\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0[CE(S)=2.92\u6bd4\u7279]\u3002<\/span>
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\u56db\u3001\u5ef6\u4f38\u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002EI\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4e58\u4ee5\u7528\u6bd4\u7279\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u793a\u7684\u5e93\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u673a\u5236\u201c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u201d\u3002\u6709\u6548\u6027Eff(S)\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u8861\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u672a\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u51cf\u53bb\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5728\u539f\u56e0\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u662f\u539f\u56e0\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cf\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8db3\u4ee5\u6307\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4e0e\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u540c\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u7cfb\u6570\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u539f\u56e0\u7cfb\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u5176\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u52a0\u6743\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8eEI\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u6620\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3001\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u7b80\u5e76\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bb2\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002
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2\u3001\u5fae\u89c2\u5b8f\u89c2\u6620\u5c04\u548c\u5907\u9009\u65b9\u6848\u96c6<\/strong>\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u9879<\/strong>\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eff\u771f\u7b97\u4f8b\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u9075\u5faa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u968f\u9644\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u65e6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u968f\u4e4b\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u4f53\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u89c4\u5219[24]\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u81f3\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6807\u8bc6\u8fdb\u884c\u4fdd\u7559\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u6807\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u62b5\u6d88\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5047\u8bbe\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u5448\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u5e95\u5c42\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u6982\u7387\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6620\u5c04\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6270\u52a8\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5448\u73b0\u5747\u5300\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97EI\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u76f8\u5e94\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u66f4\u52a0\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8f\u89c2EI\u8d85\u8fc7\u5fae\u89c2EI\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3\u3001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fa\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002EI\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u65bd\u52a0\u6270\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u4f30\u6270\u52a8\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4fe1\u606f\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u503c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001\u5907\u9009\u96c6\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc<\/strong>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684[25]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cfEI\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u56fa\u6709\u201d\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u3002\u6709\u6548\u6027\u6216\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u800cEI\u5728\u54ea\u4e2a\u65f6\u7a7a\u7c92\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u503c\u53c8\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u59a8\u788d\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u5c55\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u79bb\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u3001\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u573a\u7535\u4f4d\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u4fe1\u53f7\u5c42\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8EI\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u662f\u6700\u9002\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u5012\u63a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6[26]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4f7f\u5f97EI\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u4fe1\u9053\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u641c\u7d22\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4fe1\u9053\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4e00\u5b9a\u901f\u7387\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u6700\u5927\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf[27]\u3002\u5bfb\u627e\u6700\u4f18\u65f6\u7a7a\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u4e5f\u6709\u51e0\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0cEI\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e2\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4e5f\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5143\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u805a\u5408\u540e\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u6620\u5c04\u76f8\u4e92\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u53ef\u9006\u6027\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6c47\u96c6[28]\uff0c\u673a\u5668 [29]\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u672a\u6765\u503c\u5f97\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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4\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u65a5\u53ca\u5176\u542b\u4e49<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u65e2\u652f\u6301\u968f\u9644\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u5f15\u5165\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u65a5<\/span>\uff08Causal Exclusion\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u53ea\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c06\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u591a\u6b21\u8ba1\u7b97[4]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5176EI\u4e5f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u56e0\u679c\u6392\u65a5\u5b8c\u5168\u98a0\u8986\u4e86\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3a\u4e86\u907f\u514d\u91cd\u590d\u8ba1\u7b97\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5fc5\u987b\u6392\u65a5\u5fae\u89c2\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u603b\u662f\u7531\u6784\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u673a\u5236\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u9644\u968f\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6218\u80dc\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5e76\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u3002<\/strong>\u5404\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6027<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5b8f\u89c2\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6253\u8d25\u5fae\u89c2\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5185\u5143\u7d20\u5b50\u96c6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6574\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u4e8e\u5176\u90e8\u5206[15, 25]\uff09<\/span>\u4e92\u4e3a\u8865\u5145\u3002\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0(CE>0)\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6700\u4f18\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u4e3a\u201c\u805a\u7126\u201d[30]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u4e5f\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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5\u3001\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u82e5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u89c2\/\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7a77\u5c3d\u5730\u6d4b\u91cfEI\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6216\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u539f\u5219\uff1a(i)\u5982\u679cEI(<\/span>S<\/span>m<\/sub>)<\/span>\u2265EI(<\/span>S<\/span>M<\/sub>)<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u9000\u5316\u6210\u7acb\uff1b(ii)\u5982\u679cEI(S<\/span>m<\/sub>)\uff1elog2<\/sub>(nM<\/sub>)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dn<\/span>M<\/sub>\u662fS<\/span>M<\/sub>\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e93\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5219\u56e0\u679c\u9000\u5316\u6210\u7acb\uff1b(iii)\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cEff\u6025\u5267\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u70b9\u8003\u5bdf\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u0394IEff<\/sub><\/span>>>\u2212\u0394I<\/span>Size<\/sub><\/span> \uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u63a5\u8fd1\u6700\u5927\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u9000\u5316\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u7d27\u5bc6\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u81ea\u53d1\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u82e5\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u7ec4\u5185\u548c\u7ec4\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5982\u56fe2\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u9499\u6210\u50cf\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5ea6\u91cf\u56e0\u679c\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6beb\u79d2\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u51e0\u767e\u6beb\u79d2\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u7684\u4e2d\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6570\u79d2\u95f4\u9694\u5185\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u76ae\u8d28\u5fae\u5c0f\u67f1\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d[31]\u7b49\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u5ea6\u91cf\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u54ea\u4e9b\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5927\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u9891\u7e41\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5c0f\u7ec4\u56e2<\/span>\uff08small motifs\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f1a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6574\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u9000\u5316\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f9d\u636e\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u51fa\u9000\u5316\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7ed3\u5408\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u56fa\u6709\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e94\u3001\u603b\u7ed3<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u8ba4\u8bc6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5373\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f04\u660e\u767d\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u627e\u5230\u4f1a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u7ed3\u679c\u89d2\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u4ece\u539f\u56e0\u89d2\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>[25, 36]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5b83\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u50cf\u5927\u8111\u8fd9\u6837\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u201c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u51cf\u5f31[18]\uff0c\u5373\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u8865\u507f\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u9000\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4ece\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u5176\u63a2\u7d22\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u5199\u7167\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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1. Sporns O, Tononi G, K\u00f6tter R (2005) The human connectome: A structural description of the human brain. PLoS Comput Biol 1(4):e42.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Markram H (2006) The blue brain project. Nat Rev Neurosci 7(2):153\u2013160.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Davidson D (1980) Mental events. Readings in Philosophy of Psychology, ed Block N
(Harvard Univ Press, Cambridge, MA), Vol 1, pp 107\u2013119.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Kim J (1993) Supervenience and Mind: Selected Philosophical Essays (Cambridge Univ
Press, Cambridge, UK).<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Kim J (2000) Mind in a Physical World: An Essay on the Mind-Body Problem and
Mental Causation (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA).<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Bontly T (2002) The supervenience argument generalizes. Philos Stud 109:75\u201396.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Seth A (2008) Measuring emergence via nonlinear Granger causality. ALIFE 2008:545\u2013552.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. H\u00f6lldobler B, Wilson E (2009) The Superorganism: The Beauty, Elegance, and Strangeness of Insect Societies (W. W. Norton, New York).<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Sperry R (1983) Science and Moral Priority: Merging Mind, Brain, and Human Values
(Columbia Univ Press, New York).<\/span><\/p>\n

10. Sawyer R (2005) Social Emergence: Societies as Complex Systems (Cambridge Univ
Press, Cambridge, UK).<\/span><\/p>\n

11. Broad C (1925) The Mind and Its Place in Nature (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London).<\/span><\/p>\n

12. Bar\u2010Yam Y (2004) A mathematical theory of strong emergence using multiscale variety.
Complexity 9:15\u201324.<\/span><\/p>\n

13. Tononi G, Sporns O (2003) Measuring information integration. BMC Neurosci 4:31.<\/span><\/p>\n

14. Pearl J (2000) Causality: Models, Reasoning and Inference (Cambridge Univ Press,
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\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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9\u670825\u65e5\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u6d8c\u73b0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u96c6\u8403\u6df1\u5ea6\u611f\u77e5\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u5cb3\u7389\u6d9b<\/a>\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u5bf9\u300aQuantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u505a\u4e86\u89e3\u8bfb\uff0c\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u52a0\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>
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