{"id":30662,"date":"2021-12-06T22:35:13","date_gmt":"2021-12-06T14:35:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30662"},"modified":"2021-12-06T22:35:13","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T14:35:13","slug":"%e8%b7%a8%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%9a2021%e5%b9%b4%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e5%a5%96%e6%b7%b1%e5%b1%82%e6%84%8f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30662","title":{"rendered":"\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u8574\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u601d\u8003"},"content":{"rendered":"
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2021\u5e7410\u67084\u65e5\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af<\/span>\uff08David Julius\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u96c5\u987f\u00b7\u5e15\u5854\u666e\u8482\u5b89<\/span>\uff08Ardem Patapoutian\uff09<\/span>\uff1b10\u67085\u65e5\uff0c\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u771f\u9505\u6dd1\u90ce<\/span>\uff08Syukuro Manabe\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u585e\u5c14\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Klaus Hasselmann\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f<\/span>\uff08Giorgio Parisi\uff09<\/span>\uff1b10\u670811\u65e5\uff0c\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u5361\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08David Card\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e54\u8212\u4e9a\u00b7\u5b89\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u7279<\/span>\uff08Joshua D. Angrist\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5409\u591a\u00b7\u56e0\u672c\u65af<\/span>\uff08Guido W. Imbens\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u4eae\u773c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u8de8\u754c\u8de8\u57df\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u9886\u57df\u548c\u6210\u5c31\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u5730\u8054\u60f3\u8003\u8651\uff0c[\u6ce8\u91ca1]\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5370\u8bc1\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5bf9\u4eba\u6587\u793e<\/span>\uff08\u4f1a\uff09<\/span>\u79d1<\/span>\uff08\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u5e26\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u542f\u793a\u3001\u5f15\u53d1\u6df1\u5c42\u601d\u8003\u3002\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u6709\u5982\u6b64\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5951\u5408\u70b9\u548c\u5171\u540c\u7814\u7a76\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u65e2\u662f\u8868\u8c61\u4e0a\u7684\u5de7\u5408\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5176\u5185\u5728\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\uff0c\u4ea6\u4e3a\u4eca\u540e\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u76f8\u5173\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u7b49\u6307\u660e\u65b9\u5411\u3001\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u548c\u589e\u6dfb\u52a8\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5f02\u8c61<\/span>\uff08anomalies\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08emergence\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u6574\u4f53\u5927\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u548c\u201d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u9690\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08\/\u89c4\u5219\uff1aHidden Order\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0b\u548c\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u628a\u63e1\u7684\u8be1\u79d8\u7279\u70b9\u53ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u6709\u65b0\u89c2\u5ff5\u3001\u5927\u8de8\u5ea6\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fae-\u5b8f\u8d2f\u901a\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e03\u3001\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Complexity Science\uff1b\u4ea6\u79f0\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u8fc5\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u662f\u5f53\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8981\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5177\u6709\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e8c\u8005\u517c\u5177\u3001\u4ea4\u9519\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5300\u79f0\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\u201c\u65e0\u201d\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e<\/span>\uff08\/\u91d1\u878d\uff09<\/span>\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u6027[1]\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6f14\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u6591\u56fe\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u53ca\u8fdb\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u7b49[2]\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e14\u5904\u4e8e\u9886\u5148\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u30022021\u5e74\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u6388\u4e88\u771f\u9505\u6dd1\u90ce\u3001\u514b\u52b3\u65af\u00b7\u54c8\u585e\u5c14\u66fc\u548c\u4e54\u6cbb\u00b7\u5e15\u91cc\u897f\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\u201d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8d21\u732e<\/span>\uff08for groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex systems\uff09<\/span>[3]\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u5728\u65e5\u76ca\u6e17\u900f\u5230\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u7b49\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4fc3\u53d1\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u76f4\u89c2\u611f\u77e5\u4e0a\u5347\u5230\u62bd\u8c61\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u9010\u6b65\u6df1\u5165\u5230\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c14\u987f\u9489\u677f<\/span>\uff08Galton knocked boards\uff09<\/span>\u8bd5\u9a8c\uff0c\u5230\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483<\/span>\uff08Spin Glass\uff09<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\uff08Ising model\uff09\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u7c92\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6c14\u4f53\u6216\u6db2\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6c14\u4f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u662f\u5bf9\u7c92\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5355\u72ec\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5fae\u89c2\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6df1\u5c42\u63a2\u7a76\u7c92\u5b50\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u963b\u632b<\/span>\uff08Frustration\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ece\u539f\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u884c\u661f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u548c\u6da8\u843d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53\u548c\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6027\u8d28\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u89e3\u91ca[4]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b66\u79d1\u5404\u6709\u5206\u5de5\u4fa7\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u7c7b\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7d22\u5374\u662f\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u8d22\u5bcc\u548c\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u7684\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8fd9\u79cd\u5fae\u89c2-\u5b8f\u89c2\u8d2f\u901a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u9690\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08\u5fae\u7c92\u76f8\u4e92\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u963b\u632b\u6548\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u63a2\u7d22\u7269\u7406\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6c14\u5019\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7b49\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u5173\u8054\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u63a2\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6cbf\u7740\u63ed\u79d8\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6240\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\uff0c\u800c2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u66f4\u662f\u9c9c\u660e\u5730\u8be0\u91ca\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u5149\u660e\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u4eba\u7c7b\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u4eba\u673a\u534f\u540c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u6731\u5229\u53f6\u65af\u548c\u96c5\u987f\u00b7\u5e15\u5854\u666e\u8482\u5b89\u4e24\u4f4d\u6559\u6388\u56e0\u5728\u611f\u53d7\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u89e6\u89c9<\/strong>\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/span>\uff08for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touch\uff09<\/span>\u83b72021\u5e74\u5ea6\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u672c\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\uff1aProprioception\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4e14\u4e0d\u534f\u540c\uff0c\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\u7b49\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u80fd\u88ab\u4eba\u4f53\u5bdf\u548c\u5927\u8111\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u7535\u4fe1\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5ba2\u89c2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u751f\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u51b3\u7b56\u5462\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u56e0\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u548c\u8d77\u59cb\u7aef\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4f7f\u751f\u547d\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u611f\u77e5\u70ed\u3001\u51b7\u548c\u89e6\u89c9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u5b58\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u4e16\u754c\u8fdb\u884c\u7269\u8d28\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u542f\u52a8\u6fc0\u53d1\u795e\u7ecf\u51b2\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u538b\u529b\u7b49\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u5462\uff1f2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u5229\u7528\u8fa3\u6912\u7d20\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u76ae\u80a4\u795e\u7ecf\u672b\u68a2\u4e2d\u5bf9\u51b7\u70ed\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4f20\u611f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u538b\u654f\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u7c7b\u65b0\u578b\u4f20\u611f\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u76ae\u80a4\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u523a\u6fc0\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u53d1\u73b0\u542f\u52a8\u4e86\u7eb5\u6df1\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u611f\u77e5\u70ed\u3001\u51b7\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6355\u6349\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u5916\u754c\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ee5\u53ca\u7c7b\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u63d0\u4f9b\u6280\u672f\u652f\u6301\u548c\u5f00\u8f9f\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u9014\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u57fa\u672c\u5143\u7d20\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2 \u4eba\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u547d\u5171\u540c\u4f53<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u6001\u751f\u6210\u4e0e\u5fae-\u5b8f\u4e92\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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4. \u63ed\u79d8\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u65f6\u4ee3\u610f\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3 \u8ba4\u77e5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u578b\u5347\u7ea7<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u987a\u5e94\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u9010\u6b65\u660e\u6717\u951a\u5b9a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6307\u5411\uff0c[\u6ce8\u91ca6]\u4eba\u7c7b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u81ea\u8eab\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u90fd\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\uff1a\u5b8f\u89c2\u8d85\u5b8f\u89c2–\u4e2d\u95f4\u7eb5\u6df1\u7cbe\u7ec6–\u5fae\u89c2\u8d85\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u6001\u52bf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u7834\u89e3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fd0\u884c\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5411\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u5ef6\u4f38\u662f\u5927\u52bf\u6240\u8d8b\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u52a0\u5f3a\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u3001\u5f15\u9886\u6027\u548c\u5927\u7eb5\u6df1\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5f00\u653e\u5305\u5bb9\u3001\u5177\u6709\u5185\u751f\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e92\u6d89\u7814\u7a76\u63a8\u52a8\u539f\u59cb\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u5efa\u6784\u548c\u9010\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e07\u7269\u667a\u8054\u548c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0e\u6cbb\u7406\u96be\u9898\uff1b\u5728\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65f6\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u548c\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8d8a\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5965\u79d8\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u662f\u80fd\u654f\u9510\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u53d8\u5e7b\u65e0\u7a77\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5728\u201c\u5236\u9020\u201d\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u521b\u7acb\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u878d\u901a\u5e76\u884c\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u542f\u793a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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2021\u5e74\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e4b\u4e00\u6234\u7dad\u00b7\u5361\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8d21\u732e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u6d89\u53ca\u52b3\u52a8\u6536\u5165\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u6295\u5165\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u56de\u62a5\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6027\u7b49\u95ee\u9898[13]\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u5e94\u7528\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u6765\u7b5b\u9009\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u6a21\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\u66f4\u5ba2\u89c2\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4f4d\u5206\u4eab\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u4e54\u8212\u4e9a\u00b7\u5b89\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u548c\u5409\u591a\u00b7\u56e0\u672c\u65af\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9488\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u653f\u7b56\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u652f\u6301[14][15]\u3002\u4e09\u4eba\u5b66\u672f\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u90fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8fd0\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u68c0\u9a8c\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u6240\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u9769\u547d\u6027\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u4e0e\u63d0\u5347<\/strong>\uff08Natural experiments help answer important questions for society\uff09<\/strong>[16]\u3002\u7ed3\u5408\u540c\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u8868\u5f70\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5404\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u805a\u7126\u3001\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u4e92\u4e3a\u56e0\u679c\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5faa\u73af\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u5012\u7f6e\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u8fb9\u754c\u6a21\u7cca\u7b49\u5185\u751f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb[11][9]\u3002\u201c\u70ed\u72d7\u201d\u4e0d\u662f\u72d7\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u7bb1\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5de5\u5177\uff0c2021\u5e74\u5ea6\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u8868\u5f70\u201c\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u548c \u201c\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\u201d\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5173\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u56de\u5f52\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7b49\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u5b9e\u8bc1\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5206\u6790\uff1b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u8981\u66f4\u5145\u5206\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7279\u6709\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u7d27\u5bc6\u5730\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u9776\u5411\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u589e\u5f3a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff1b\u5f3a\u8c03\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u501f\u9274\u3001\u4ea4\u53c9\u878d\u5408\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u9002\u5b9c\u7528\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6d4b\u5ea6\u5173\u952e\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63ed\u793a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5965\u79d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3. \u52a9\u63a8\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u5956\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u548c\u4eae\u70b9\u662f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7ba1\u7406\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u4fc3\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u751f\u957f\u70b9\u548c\u5960\u5b9a\u65b0\u4e13\u4e1a\u5efa\u8bbe\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u5bf9\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u63d0\u5347\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u601d\u8def\u548c\u4e3e\u63aa\u7b49\u90fd\u4f1a\u5927\u6709\u88e8\u76ca[17]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u4eca\u6211\u56fd\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u8f6c\u53d8\u548c\u6587\u79d1\u7c7b\u6539\u9769\u76f8\u7ee7\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u65b0\u6587\u79d1\u3001\u65b0\u8d22\u7ecf\u548c\u65b0\u5546\u79d1\u5efa\u8bbe\u7b49\uff0c\u65b0\u5c31\u65b0\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\u66f4\u65b0\u3001\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u3001\u91cd\u5fc3\u4e0e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u540c\u6b65\uff0c\u65f6\u4ee3\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u6559\u80b2\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u89c6\u4eba\u7684\u80fd\u52a8\u6027\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3001\u53d1\u6398\u548c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u8d28\u4e0e\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002\u4ece\u672c\u6e90\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u667a\u6167\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u4e0d\u5206\u5b66\u79d1\u95e8\u7c7b\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u91cd\u70b9\u8981\u5148\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u57f9\u80b2\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u5851\u9020\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u591a\u4e0b\u529f\u592b\uff0c\u8981\u76f4\u9762\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u4e0b\u9762\u516c\u5f0f\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u4e24\u7c7b\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ece\u5e95\u5c42\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u770b\u51fa\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u7c7b\u578b\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c(x<\/span>1<\/sub>, x<\/span>2<\/sub>, \u2026, x<\/span>n<\/sub>) \u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684n\u7ef4\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u5411\u91cf\uff1bA\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u5f62\u6001\u6216\u4ea7\u51fa\uff0cS\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6216\u52a0\u603b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u7b26\u53f7\u540c\u524d\u6587\u516c\u5f0f\uff081\uff09\u3002\u516c\u5f0f\uff082\uff09\u4e2d\u4e24\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u4e0a\u5f0f\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7684\u662f\u6295\u5165\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0e\u4ea7\u51fa\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u679c\u6216\u76f8\u5173\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0b\u5f0f\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u53ca\u884c\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u53ca\u5173\u8054\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u89c6\u91ce\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u7acb\u8db3\u70b9\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u4fa7\u91cd\u3002\u4ece2021\u5e74\u53ca\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u6240\u6307\u660e\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u6587\u660e\u8fdb\u6b65\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u5411\u4e2d\u9886\u609f\uff0c\u5927\u5b66\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u5e94\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u7ea7\u6216\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e00\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u6ce8\u91cd\u201c\u5bbd\u3001\u539a\u3001\u5b9e\u3001\u8bc6\u201d\uff1b\u9636\u6bb5\u4e8c\u662f\u4e13\u4e1a\u5b9a\u5411\u80fd\u529b\u57f9<\/span>\uff08\u517b\uff09<\/span>\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08\u53d1\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u9700\u6c42\u3001\u4e13\u4e1a\u7279\u8272\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5fd7\u5411\u3001\u5174\u8da3\u548c\u6f5c\u8d28\u7b49\u6709\u673a\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u201c\u4e13\u3001\u7279\u3001\u667a\u3001\u521b \u201d\uff0c\u91cd\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u53d1\u6398\u3001\u57f9\u517b\u548c\u6fc0\u53d1\u3002[\u6ce8\u91ca7]<\/span><\/p>\n


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[1] Van Der Hofstad R. Random graphs and complex networks[M]. Cambridge university press, 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] K\u00f6nig Lukas, 2015, Complex Behavior in Evolutionary Robotics. DE GRUYTER OLDENBOURG, DOI: 10.1515\/9783110408553.<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] The Nobel Committee for Physics\uff0cScientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2021,\u201cFOR GROUNDBREAKING CONTRIBUTIONS TO OUR UNDERSTANDING OF COMPLEX PHYSICAL SYSTEMS\u201d.  https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/uploads\/2021\/10\/sciback_fy_en_21.pdf<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] Castellano Claudio, Fortunato Santo & Loreto Vittorio, Statistical physics of social dynamics. Reviews of Modern Physics 81, 591-646 (2009).<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] \u5f20\u6d77\u5cf0\u3001\u738b\u6587\u65ed\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cd\u6784\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u62a5\uff0c2020, 69(8): 088906. doi: 10.7498\/aps.69.20200001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Gorban A.N. & Yablonsky G.S., Grasping Complexity. Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 65 (2013) 1421\u20131426. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.camwa.2013.04.023.<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] Pathria R.K. & Beale D. Paul, Statistical Mechanics, Fourth Edition, Elsevier Ltd., 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] Latora V., Nicosia V.& G. Russo, Complex Networks: Principles, Methods and Applications. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] \u9648\u5e73\uff08\u8457\uff09\u3001\u8d75\u6653\u519b(\u8bd1)\uff0c\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5230\u590d\u6742\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66[J]\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u4e0e\u521b\u65b0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c2020\uff081\uff09\uff1a1-30\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] LeFebvre Rebecca and Franke Volker, Culture Matters: Individualism vs. Collectivism in Conflict Decision-Making. Societies 2013(3): 128\u2013146; doi:10.3390\/soc3010128.<\/span><\/p>\n

[11] \u738b\u56fd\u6210\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u5417?–\u901a\u5b8f\u6d1e\u5fae\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u300b[M] \u3002\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff0c2019\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[12] \u738b\u56fd\u6210\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5efa\u6a21\uff1a\u65b0\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u7d22\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027[J]. \u4eba\u6587\u6742\u5fd7, 2021(5): 39-49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

[13] Card David, Cardoso Ana Rute, Heining Joerg and Kline Patrick, “Firms and Labor Market Inequality: Evidence and Some Theory.” Journal of Labor Economics 36(S1): S13-S70, January 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n

[14] Abdulkadiro\u011flu Atila, Angrist D. Joshua, Narita Yusuke, Pathak A. Parag, \u201cResearch Design Meets Market Design: Using Centralized Assignment for Impact Evaluation\u201d, Econometrica 85: 1373-1432, September 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

[15] Athey Susan, Imbens Guido, Pham Thai & Wager Stefan, “Estimating Average Treatment Effects: Supplementary Analyses and Remaining Challenges,” American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 107(5), pages 278-281, May, 2017.<\/span><\/p>\n

[16] Advanced information. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Prize Outreach AB 2021. Sat. 30 Oct 2021. Scientific Background: Answering causal questions using observational data.<\/span><\/p>\n

<https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/economic-sciences\/2021\/advanced-information\/><\/span><\/p>\n

[17] Erin E. Shortlidge & Brie Tripp, A framework to guide undergraduate education in interdisciplinary science, – CBE\u2014Life Sciences Education, 18(es3): 1-12, 2019.<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u6ce8\u91ca<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

[1] \u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ece\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u63a2\u8ba8\u8bba\u8ff0\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u542f\u793a\u548c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u6682\u672a\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u540c\u5e74\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3001\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u548c\u548c\u5e73\u5956\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

[2] \u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u970d\u91d1\u66fe\u5728\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e4b\u4ea4\u9884\u8a00\uff1aI think the next century will be the century of complexity. Stephen Hawking said in SAN JOSE MERCURY NEWS, January 23, 2000\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

[3] \u82f1\u6587\u8bcd\u6c47\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709complex systems\u548ccomplicated systems\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u8bcd\u4e49\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u524d\u8005\u4fa7\u91cd\u5ba2\u89c2\u6216\u7269\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7b49\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f3a\u8c03\u4eba\u4e3a\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u590d\u6742\u6216\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u4e86\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

[4] \u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c6\u91ce\u4ece\u6574\u5b87\u5b99\uff08Universe\uff09\u5230\u5143\u5b87\u5b99\uff08Metaverse\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u73b0\u5b9e\uff08XR\uff09\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4eba\u4e3b\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u5b6a\u751f\uff08Digital Twin\uff09\u6280\u672f\u751f\u6210\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u955c\u50cf\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\uff08Block Chain\uff09\u6280\u672f\u642d\u5efa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6001\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e0d\u65ad\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u6574\u5408\u591a\u79cd\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u865a\u5b9e\u76f8\u878d\u7684\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u65b0\u578b\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\u5f62\u6001\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

[5] \u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8ba4\u77e5\u529b\uff1a\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u8bc6\u5bf9\u5ba2\u89c2\u5bf9\u8c61\uff08\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff09\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u523b\u753b\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u53ca\u9884\u89c1\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4ece\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4fe1\u6027\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\u3001\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4fe1\u6027\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n

[6] \u53c2\u89c1\uff1aNobel Prize Conversations. https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/in-depth\/ <\/span><\/p>\n

[7] \u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u516c\u5f0f\u7b49\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u501f\u7528\u793a\u610f\u548c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5f15\u53d1\u6765\u63a2\u8ba8\u8bba\u8ff0\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u548c\u65b0\u4e00\u8f6e\u79d1\u6280\u9769\u547d\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u542f\u8fea\uff0c\u800c\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4e25\u8c28\u8868\u8ff0\u3001\u8be6\u7ec6\u5c55\u5f00\u548c\u5bf9\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u4e13\u4e1a\u6539\u9769\u53ca\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5efa\u8bae\u7b49\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u53e6\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002 <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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Interdisciplinary exploration of socio-economic complexity<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014Inspiration and reflection on the profound meaning of the 2021 Nobel Prize<\/span><\/p>\n


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Abstract: <\/span><\/strong>It is valuable to expand, to highlight, to accelerate the deep combination and effective application of human subjective consciousness, intelligent creation and the new round of scientific and technological revolution, and to promote interdisciplinary integration and innovative development, through considering the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine, physics and economics together, exploring their deep implications, common concerns, junction of disciplines and the inevitability of integrated development, focusing on and deeply explore the essential characteristics and internal laws of various complex systems, and comparing the connection, similarities and differences between physical systems and social and economic systems from the perspective of underlying logic and hierarchical architecture; and this can be enlightening value and significance to the improvement of human thinking and cognition, the direction and progress of scientific and technological civilization, the construction of theoretical knowledge system and the establishment of disciplines and specialties.<\/span><\/p>\n


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Keywords:<\/span><\/strong> Complex system science; Social and economic complexity; Interdisciplinary cross integration; Economics innovation and development; Discipline reconstruction<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u738b\u56fd\u6210\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff08\u7406\u5b66\u5b66\u58eb\u3001\u5de5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6570\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5458\uff08\u535a\u5bfc\uff09\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\uff0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u667a\u80fd\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u901a\u8baf\u5730\u5740\uff1a\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u6d77\u6dc0\u533a\u4e07\u5bff\u5bfa\u75324\u53f72-3-5      \u8054\u7cfb\u624b\u673a\uff1a13141462609<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u7bb1\uff1awanggc@aliyun.com<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u91d1\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u672c\u6587\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u9762\u4e0a\u9879\u76ee\uff1a\u9762\u5411\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ca\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u9879\u76ee\u6279\u51c6\u53f7\uff1a71471177\uff09\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u6210\u679c\uff1b\u56fd\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u91d1\u9752\u5e74\u9879\u76ee\u201c\u91d1\u878d\u6469\u64e6\u3001\u6760\u6746\u7387\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u6570\u636e\u548cHANK\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u201d\uff0872003007\uff09\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u6210\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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