{"id":30877,"date":"2021-12-09T22:36:23","date_gmt":"2021-12-09T14:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30877"},"modified":"2021-12-09T22:36:23","modified_gmt":"2021-12-09T14:36:23","slug":"%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%ae%80%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%9a%e5%ad%a6%e7%a7%91%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30877","title":{"rendered":"\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7b80\u53f2\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u5730\u7403\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u63a2\u7d22\u5386\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Will Steffen, Katherine Richardson\u7b49\u4eba<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
The emergence and evolution of Earth System Science<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43017-019-0005-6#change-history<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
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        \u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Earth System Science\uff0cESS\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u591a\u95e8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u878d\u5408\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u5730\u7403\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5174\u8d77\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u5728\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u5708-\u5730\u5708\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08biosphere-geosphere interactions\uff09<\/span>\u65e9\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u76d6\u4e9a\u5047\u8bf4<\/span>\uff08Gaia hypothesis\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u201c\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u5730\u5708-\u751f\u7269\u5708\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\uff08International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme\uff0cIGBP\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u968f\u4e4b\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u6295\u5165\u53ca\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u878d\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16<\/span>\uff08Anthropocene\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08tipping elements\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5730\u7403\u884c\u661f\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>\uff08planetary boundaries\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6846\u67b6\u5904\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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        \u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u5730\u7403\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u591a\u6837\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5c06\u5b64\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u5b66\u79d1\u8fde\u63a5\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u5efa\u7acb\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u4e0d\u65ad\u7834\u574f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7814\u7a76\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u5316\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u884c\u661f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u635f\u5931\u548c\u8425\u517b\u8d1f\u8377\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd1\u73b0\u4ee3\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u6709\u6548\u5730\u907f\u514d\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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        \u8be5\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u5730\u7403\u5730\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u6c14\u3001\u51b0\u51bb\u5708\u3001\u9646\u5730\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u5730\u5708\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u5185\u90e8[4-5]\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e00\u56e0\u7d20\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981[6]\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4ecd\u662f\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7269\u8d28\u5faa\u73af\u6240\u5904\u7684\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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        \u4e00\u3001\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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        \u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7b80\u53f2\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n