{"id":30996,"date":"2021-12-14T16:23:21","date_gmt":"2021-12-14T08:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30996"},"modified":"2021-12-14T16:23:21","modified_gmt":"2021-12-14T08:23:21","slug":"2021%e5%b9%b4%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%ad%a6%e5%a5%96%e8%af%84%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e8%a7%a3%e5%86%b3%e9%87%8d%e5%a4%a7%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e9%97%ae%e9%a2%98%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=30996","title":{"rendered":"2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u8bc4\u8ff0\uff1a\u89e3\u51b3\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u56e0\u679c\u6846\u67b6"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='wxsyncmain'>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\" data-mpa-powered-by=\"yiban.io\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" data-backh=\"578\" data-backw=\"578\" data-ratio=\"1\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"jpeg\" data-w=\"690\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-d8e8afb84960a05ada0edd226618cb2c.jpeg\"><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;width: 661px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 3px;outline: 0px;float: left;line-height: 1;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;line-height: 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hidden;line-height: 0;border-style: solid solid none;border-width: 3px 3px 2px;border-radius: 0px;border-color: rgb(33, 166, 210) rgb(33, 166, 210) rgb(15, 76, 129);\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 4px;padding-left: 4px;outline: 0px;clear: right;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;min-height: 4.5em !important;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 8px;padding-left: 8px;outline: 0px;font-size: 13px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;clear: none;\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4f60\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6536\u5165\u589e\u52a0\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u63d0\u9ad8\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u79fb\u6c11\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u8fd8\u662f\u5e26\u6765\u51b2\u51fb\uff1f<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53d7\u5230\u8bf8\u591a\u6df7\u6742\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247581304&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=425f2727355de9cbab264cfddfe5d1c0&amp;chksm=e896e4f5dfe16de38037946b074e4e4915569a48f54114d0007375bab3f2aa4bf75c875d8b75&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u6388\u4e88\u4e86\u4e09\u4f4d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08David Card, Joshua Angrist \u548c Guido Imbens\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u5206\u6790\u89e3\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4e3a\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u9769\u65b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8bfa\u5956\u9881\u5e03\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5728\u5b98\u7f51\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e09\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8fd9\u7bc7\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u667a\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u805a\u96c6\u8fd1\u5343\u540d\u5b66\u754c\u4e1a\u754c\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u52a0\u5165\u3002\u8be6\u60c5\u89c1\u6587\u672b\u3002<br  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;clear: none;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;clear: none;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;\">\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c<strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;letter-spacing: 0.544px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: start;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;width: 661px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-fileid=\"100098753\" data-ratio=\"0.07314814814814814\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-e16cd5b776e38a4f6806c73548bdc7d4.png\"  \/><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(73, 73, 73);line-height: 1.7;font-size: 11pt;font-family: PingFangSC-light;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u8bfa\u5956\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a<\/span><span style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-size: 13px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">&nbsp;| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u9093\u5b87\u660a<\/span><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">&nbsp;| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 13px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">&nbsp;| \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5361\u5fb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08David Card\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u3001\u4e54\u8212\u4e9a\u00b7\u5b89\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u7279<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Joshua Angrist\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u548c\u572d\u591a\u00b7\u4f0a\u672c\u65af<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08Guido Imbens\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u548c\u79fb\u6c11\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u660e\u786e\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8d77\u9769\u547d\u6027\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><span style=\"text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 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63);\">\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6cbb\u7597\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4e34\u5e8a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u5df1\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u8981\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ed6\/\u5979\u6240\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u57281994\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u521b\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cJoshua Angrist \u548c Guido Imbens \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u54ea\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u8feb\u4eba\u4eec\u53c2\u52a0\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7981\u6b62\u4eba\u4eec\u53c2\u52a0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u5730\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7ecf\u9a8c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang 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style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8003\u8651\u81ea\u5df1\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u90fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9009\u62e9\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u4f1a\u591a\u8d5a\u591a\u5c11\u94b1\u3002\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\uff0c\u67e5\u770b\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6536\u5165\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u6559\u80b2\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9650\u8d8a\u957f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e20\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u53d7\u4e00\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5e73\u5747\u8981\u9ad8\u51fa7%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"359\" data-backw=\"562\" data-ratio=\"0.6382978723404256\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1081\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-37210fbfa9114e95fb983f8025c80419.png\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe1. \u8be5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Angrist &amp; Krueger (1991)\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u53d7\u8fc712\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u53d7\u8fc711\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u9ad8\u51fa12%\u3002\u53d7\u8fc716\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u6bd4\u53d7\u8fc711\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u9ad8\u51fa65%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u51fa\u591a\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u4f60\u7684\u6536\u5165\u589e\u52a07%\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u9009\u62e9\u957f\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u4e0e\u9009\u62e9\u77ed\u671f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5f88\u6709\u5929\u8d4b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u6ca1\u6709\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u9ad8\u6536\u5165\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u671f\u671b\u6559\u80b2\u6709\u56de\u62a5\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u5b66\u4e60\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u60f3\u7814\u7a76\u6536\u5165\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5bff\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u771f\u7684\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6536\u5165\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u65e2\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u53c8\u8d5a\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8d28\u7591\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9650\u662f\u5426\u5f71\u54cd\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6536\u5165\u5462\uff1fJoshua Angrist \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">Alan Krueger<\/span><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u73b0\u5df2\u53bb\u4e16\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u513f\u7ae5\u572816\u621617\u5c81\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u79bb\u5f00\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5dde\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u5e74\u4efd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5929\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0a\u5b66\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8be5\u5e74\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u5728\u8be5\u5e74\u665a\u671f\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u66f4\u65e9\u79bb\u5f00\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u5f53\u5b89\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u7279\u548c\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u5ea6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ec4\u7684\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u82b1\u8d39\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u6559\u80b2\u4e0a\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b63\u5ea6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u6536\u5165\u4e5f\u6bd4\u7b2c\u56db\u5b63\u5ea6\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u4f4e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u548c\u6536\u5165\u90fd\u4f4e\u4e8e\u5f53\u5e74\u665a\u671f\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u751f\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0cAngrist \u548c Krueger \u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u660e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff1a<strong>\u591a\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f9%\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u6bd4\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u8054\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e3a7%<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u62b1\u8d1f\u548c\u806a\u660e\u7684\u4eba\u540c\u65f6\u62e5\u6709\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u9ad8\u6536\u5165<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff1b\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u5e94\u8be5\u5f3a\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5bdf\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014Joshua Angrist \u548c Guido Imbens \u540e\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"273\" data-backw=\"562\" data-ratio=\"0.48544600938967136\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1065\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-a1e433adaa6677d796e4b5164de7bbb7.png\"><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe2. \u989d\u5916\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5e74\u9650\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f Angrist &amp; Krueger (1991) \u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4eba\u4eec\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb30\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff1a<strong>\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u5f55\u53d6\u5206\u6570\u7ebf\u6216\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u798f\u5229\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u6536\u5165\u95e8\u69db\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u53d7\u5230\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u65e0\u610f\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\uff0c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53d1\u73b0\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e86\u89e3\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u6210\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\uff1b\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0e\u5c31\u4e1a\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u771f\u7684\u610f\u5473\u7740\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u5417\uff1f\u53cd\u5411\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5f53\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\u65f6\uff0c\u96c7\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5bfc\u81f4\u63d0\u9ad8\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u7684\u4e0a\u6da8\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5c31\u4e1a\uff0cCard \u548c Krueger 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class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"464\" data-backw=\"562\" data-ratio=\"0.8254335260115607\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"865\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-8f39490be5a193ac9ebcd4052778cbdc.png\"><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: justify;line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe3. Card \u548c Krueger \u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u5bf9\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">Card \u548c Krueger 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15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8fb9\u754c\u4e24\u4fa7\u7684\u5c31\u4e1a\u8d8b\u52bf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\u96c7\u5458\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u4e0e\u8fb9\u754c\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6700\u4f4e\u5de5\u8d44\u4e0a\u6da8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">Card \u548c Krueger 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8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">Card 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0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u5173\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f<strong>\u79fb\u6c11\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u79fb\u6c11\u5c06\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9a\u5c45\u5728\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u533a\u548c\u6ca1\u6709\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5730\u533a\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0cDavid Card 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style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section 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&quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b0\u6846\u67b6<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, 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136);\">\uff08\u6216\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7684\u7f18\u6545\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\u660e\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u800c\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u90fd\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u6536\u5165\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">Joshua Angrist \u548c Guido Imbens \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<strong>\u5728\u54ea\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u67d0\u9879\u7279\u5b9a\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f53\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u4eba\u800c\u5f02\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u8c01\u53c2\u4e0e\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7a0d\u5fae\u7b80\u5316\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5c06\u4e2a\u4f53\u968f\u673a\u5206\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u548c\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u3002\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u6709\u6743\u53c2\u52a0\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u6ca1\u6709\u3002Angrist \u548c Imbens \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e94\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de5\u5177\u53d8\u91cf\u6cd5\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u5e72\u9884\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6548\u679c\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8003\u5bdf\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u5219\u662f\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u5b9e\u9645\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6548\u679c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u3002\u9274\u4e8eAngrist \u548c Imbens \u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f30\u8ba1\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6548\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8c01\u5b9e\u9645\u53d7\u5230\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u56e0\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f30\u8ba1\u51fa\u6548\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 Angrist \u548c Krueger \u5173\u4e8e\u989d\u5916\u4e00\u5e74\u6559\u80b2\u5bf9\u6536\u5165\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e3a9%\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u65f6\u5b9e\u9645\u9009\u62e9\u79bb\u5f00\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4eba\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u5c40\u90e8\u5e73\u5747\u5904\u7406\u6548\u679c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08local average treatment effect\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\uff0c\u5373 LATE\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"492\" data-backw=\"562\" data-ratio=\"0.8756544502617801\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"764\" style=\"width: 562px;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-1ed55a2e5dec29f3a20034e870e96d05.png\"><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;text-align: center;line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe4.&nbsp;\u5c40\u90e8\u5e73\u5747\u5904\u7406\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br style=\"white-space: normal;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">Angrist \u548c Imbens \u56e0\u6b64\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u4e0e\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u8c01\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b9e\u5730\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002Angrist \u548c Imbens \u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5df2\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u6027\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u660e\u786e\u5efa\u7acb\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4e5f\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u4e00\u573a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9769\u547d<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u4eec\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u56de\u7b54\u5173\u4e8e\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d21\u732e\u76f8\u4e92\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u52a0\u5f3a\u3002Angrist \u548c Imbens \u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u89c1\u89e3\u548c Card \u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u7406\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u9769\u65b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u56de\u7b54\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u5ef6\u4f38\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c062021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u6388\u4e88 David Card \uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u5176\u5bf9\u52b3\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u8d21\u732e\u201d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u6388\u4e88Joshua Angrist \u548c Guido Imbens \uff0c\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u6790\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5361\u5fb7<\/strong>\uff08David Card\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1956\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u572d\u5c14\u592b\uff0c1983\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u68211950\u7ea7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u4e54\u8212\u4e9a\u00b7\u5b89\u683c\u91cc\u65af\u7279<\/strong>\uff08Joshua Angrist&nbsp;\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1960\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03\u5e02\u30021989\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u798f\u7279\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u572d\u591a\u00b7\u4f0a\u672c\u65af<\/strong>\uff08Guido Imbens\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">1963\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u8377\u5170\u57c3\u56e0\u970d\u6e29\uff0c1991\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8e\u56fd\u666e\u7f57\u7ef4\u767b\u65af\u5e03\u6717\u5927\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u8ba1\u91cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/uploads\/2021\/10\/popular-economicsciencesprize2021-3.pdf<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-bottom: -15px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u7531\u667a\u6e90\u793e\u533a\u3001\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8054\u5408\u4e3e\u529e\u7684<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0eCausal AI\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63<\/a>\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3b\u8981\u9762\u5411\u4e24\u7c7b\u4eba\u7fa4\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u5411\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u65b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u8bba\u6587\u63a8\u8350\u5feb\u901f\u5165\u624b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u4ece\u4e8b\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u5de5\u79d1\u6216\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6240\u5c5e\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\u5df2\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u7801\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u59cb\u5c1d\u8bd5\u90e8\u7f72\u7ed3\u5408\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u81ea2021\u5e7410\u670824\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348 10:00-12:00\u4e3e\u529e\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u9884\u8ba1 2-3 \u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 2em;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u96c6\u667a\u56e0\u679c\u793e\u533a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5438\u5f15\u8fd1\u5343\u540d\u5b66\u754c\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u7814\u8bfb\u56e0\u679c\u9886\u57df\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u63a2\u8ba8\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u62a5\u540d\u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5373\u53ef\u52a0\u5165\u56e0\u679c\u793e\u533a\u3002<br  \/><\/span><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u4f60\u5df2\u9009\u4e2d\u4e86\u6dfb\u52a0\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"1\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><span class=\"js_jump_icon h5_image_link\" data-positionback=\"static\" style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;vertical-align: bottom;user-select: none;inset: auto;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"237\" data-backw=\"562\" data-cropselx1=\"0\" data-cropselx2=\"562\" data-cropsely1=\"0\" data-cropsely2=\"240\" data-fileid=\"100100983\" data-ratio=\"0.42657342657342656\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"2002\" style=\"outline: 0px;border-width: 0px;border-style: initial;border-color: initial;width: 563px;height: 240px;box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/wxsync-2021-12-380b8d21c82a8c8317103aa692c1deb5.png\"><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;\">\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;text-decoration: underline;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247580041&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=ac9c1f715efa58ca79fc416c6e41190c&amp;chksm=e896e304dfe16a12a7cb349d945f3fc400533c5b89f6df9a407c1654ccb248f1a65d1e89fb9e&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56e0\u679c+X\uff1a\u89e3\u51b3\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95ee\u9898 | \u56e0\u679c\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e09\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\" style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247581304&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=425f2727355de9cbab264cfddfe5d1c0&amp;chksm=e896e4f5dfe16de38037946b074e4e4915569a48f54114d0007375bab3f2aa4bf75c875d8b75&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u83b72021\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\uff5c \u9644\u76f8\u5173\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3001\u7efc\u8ff0\u3001\u79d1\u666e\u3001\u767e\u79d1\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u65ad\u7814\u7a76\u83b72021\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\uff5c \u9644\u76f8\u5173\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3001\u7efc\u8ff0\u3001\u79d1\u666e\u3001\u767e\u79d1<\/a><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247589240&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=a758b3857f408008c092109c2e1c131d&amp;chksm=e896c7f5dfe14ee33a5ae758081e5f08de2934063ddec20dead623bd5d240d1b88d2659b0774&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u8574\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u601d\u8003\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a2021\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u6df1\u5c42\u610f\u8574\u7684\u542f\u793a\u4e0e\u601d\u8003<\/a><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247579502&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=478e8ffe056347d58b8a2ee1517e3b4e&amp;chksm=e896ede3dfe164f5fec33615011f9e7c0e84c4d4f263ac96ab02fc90d97976f33906611f9e87&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1<\/a><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247546120&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=2e29463be76cc740d7c8a4d169267966&amp;chksm=e8976f85dfe0e6936929f8501d27af93921faf788baa5e0fc8208b708c62d508dab3eb233a59&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"Nature\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u7ecf\u7531\u51c6\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u89c2\u5bdf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63a8\u6d4b\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" 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noreferrer\">\u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/a><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247571346&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=bbaa3da959582bf7575e7c32089e155e&amp;chksm=e8968d1fdfe1040999b2716ea642129064c032a3b84227f51cdc055b82be97682be43d490dd8&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\">\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/a><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  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