{"id":31304,"date":"2021-12-26T17:05:06","date_gmt":"2021-12-26T09:05:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=31304"},"modified":"2021-12-26T17:05:06","modified_gmt":"2021-12-26T09:05:06","slug":"%e6%96%b0%e5%86%a0%e5%b0%81%e9%94%81%e5%b8%ae%e5%8a%a9%e5%87%8f%e6%8e%92%ef%bc%8c%e4%bd%86%e5%9c%b0%e7%90%83%e6%b8%a9%e5%ae%a4%e6%b0%94%e4%bd%93%e4%b8%8d%e5%87%8f%e5%8f%8d%e5%a2%9e%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=31304","title":{"rendered":"\u65b0\u51a0\u5c01\u9501\u5e2e\u52a9\u51cf\u6392\uff0c\u4f46\u5730\u7403\u6e29\u5ba4\u6c14\u4f53\u4e0d\u51cf\u53cd\u589e\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Societal shifts due to COVID-19 reveal large-scale complexities and feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and climate change<\/span><\/h1>\n
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\u56fe1A\u4e2d\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u4e25\u683c\u6027\u6307\u6570<\/span>\uff08Oxford Stringency Index\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u793a\u4e86\u65c5\u884c\u7981\u4ee4\u3001\u573a\u6240\u5c01\u95ed\u7b49\u9632\u75ab\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u666e\u904d\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u75ab\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4e14\u4e0d\u8bba\u8fd9\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5426\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u540e\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u603b\u4f53\u90fd\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1B\u4e2d\u76845\u6761\u7ebf\u4ee3\u88685\u4e2a\u822a\u7ebf\u6c47\u603b\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u822a\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\u548c\u6e2f\u53e3\u541e\u5410\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u4e4b\u540e\u90fd\u6709\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u822a\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\u663e\u7136\u66f4\u4e3a\u663e\u8457\uff0c\u800c\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u541e\u5410\u540e\u671f\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u5c0f\u4e14\u8f83\u5feb\u56de\u5230\u75ab\u60c5\u524d\u5e45\u5ea6\uff1b\u800c\u822a\u7ebf\u6d41\u91cf\u65b9\u9762\u9664\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6d41\u91cf\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u4e4b\u540e\u9010\u6b65\u56de\u5347\u751a\u81f3\u8d85\u8fc7\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u56fd\u5bb6\u6216\u673a\u573a\u5747\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u75ab\u60c5\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1C\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u57ce\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u548c\u4ee526 \u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u201c\u5168\u7403\u201d<\/span>\uff08Global\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u6307\u6807\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u540c\u6837\u4ee52020\u5e741\u670815\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u9053\u8def\u4ea4\u901a\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u5feb\u901f\u7f29\u51cf\u4e86\u3002\u56fe1D\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4e0e 2019 \u5e74\u540c\u6708\u76f8\u6bd4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5404\u884c\u4e1a\u7684\u7528\u7535\u91cf\uff0c\u5de5\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u7528\u7535\u91cf\u5982\u9884\u671f\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u540e\u5feb\u901f\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u7528\u7535\u5219\u5448\u4e0a\u5347\u6001\u52bf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1. \u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5c01\u9501\u57282020\u5e74\u521d\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u666e\u904d\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5c55\u793a\u4ea4\u901a\u541e\u5410\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u56feB\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a[SFO] \u3001\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u56fd\u9645\u673a\u573a[LAX]\u5747\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u573a\uff0c\u6df1\u6d45\u7070\u8272\u76842\u4e2a\u6761\u5f62\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde3\u4e2a\u6e2f\u53e3\u7684\u96c6\u88c5\u7bb1\u8fd0\u8f93\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u70b9\u4f4d\u548c\u6761\u5f62\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u75ab\u60c5\u521d\u671f2020\u5e741\u670815\u53f7\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u503c\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u5c55\u793a\u9646\u5730\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u56feC\u4e2d\uff0cCalTrans\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u901a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800cApple\u8868\u793a\u82f9\u679c\u9a7e\u9a76\u79fb\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5c55\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u4ea7\u7535\u7528\u7535\u91cf\u7684\u56feD\u4e2d\uff0c\u663e\u793a\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u884c\u4e1a\u5360\u7f8e\u56fd\u7528\u7535\u91cf\u7684 96% \u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe2.\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u666e\u904d\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u6765\u6e90\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u6c14\u4f53\u6392\u653e\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u663e\u8457\u6539\u5584\u5404\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u6307\u6807\u5417\uff1f\u5730\u7403\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53c8\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8fc5\u901f\u51cf\u6392\u4f5c\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3. \u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u5f15\u53d1\u5c01\u9501\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u663e\u8457\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u3001\u964d\u4f4e\u5927\u6c14\u6392\u653e\uff0c\u7559\u4e0b\u6613\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u54cd\u5e94\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4f46\u8de8\u5708\u5c42\u53cd\u9988\u4f7f\u5927\u6c14CO2<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u7167\u5e38\u4e0a\u5347<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe4B\u663e\u793a\u7684\u662f\u5927\u6c14\u4e2d\u6d4b\u5f97\u7684CO2<\/sub>\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u84dd\u8272\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u5e94\u5357\u5317\u534a\u7403\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5782\u76f4\u7684\u7070\u8272\u865a\u7ebf\u6807\u5fd7\u7740 2020\u5e743\u67081\u65e5\u662f\u54cd\u5e94\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u5c01\u9501\u7684\u5927\u81f4\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u56fe\u4e2d\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u4e4b\u540e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d8b\u52bf\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u6c14\u4e2dCO2<\/sub>\u4ecd\u7167\u5e38\u4e0a\u5347\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe5. \u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\u6d77-\u6c14\u78b3\u4ea4\u6362\u5bf9 2020 \u5e74\u4eba\u6e90CO2<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u7684\u51cf\u5c11\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5feb\u901f\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u9ed1\/\u7070\u7ebf\u6e90\u81ea\u5171\u4eab\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9014\u5f84 2\u2013RCP4.5 CO2<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\u5f3a\u5236\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u800c\u7ea2\u8272\/\u7c89\u7ea2\u8272\u7ebf\u6e90\u81ea 2020 \u5e74CO2<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\u5cf0\u503c\u51cf\u5c1125%\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u989c\u8272\u6df1\u7684\u9ed1\u7ebf\u548c\u7ea2\u7ebf\u5206\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u5e94\u6d45\u8272\u7ebf\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\uff0c\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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3. \u5927\u6c14\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u5206\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7532\u70f7\u589e\u957f\u53cd\u66f4\u751a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5730\u7406\u5708\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u53cd\u9988\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5927\u6c14\u5316\u5b66\u7ec4\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u57fa\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6e29\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\u8fdc\u5f3a\u4e8eCO2<\/sub>\u7684\u6c14\u4f53CH4<\/sub>\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u5927\u6c14CH4<\/sub>\u589e\u901f\u5f02\u5e38\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8eNOx<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5bf9CH4<\/sub>\u6c27\u5316\u4f5c\u7528\u51cf\u5f31\u6240\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/span><\/p>\n

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4. NOx<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\u51cf\u5c11<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u5730\u8868\u7684O3<\/sub>\u5c5e\u4e8eNOx<\/sub>\u548c\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u6709\u673a\u7269<\/span>\uff08VOCs\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5149\u7167\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6b21\u7ea7\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u542b\u91cf\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u548cNOx<\/sub>\u7684\u6392\u653e\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0cO3<\/sub>\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u4e0eNOx<\/sub>\u7684\u6392\u653e\u4e4b\u95f4\u6392\u653e\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5012U\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u7b49NOx<\/sub>\u6392\u653e\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6700\u591a\u7684O3<\/sub>\u751f\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528O3<\/sub>\u751f\u6210\u6548\u7387<\/span>\uff08Ozone Production Efficiency, OPE\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0cOPE\u7b80\u5355\u6765\u8bf4\u662fO3<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u4e0eNOx<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5f53NOx<\/sub>\u7684\u6392\u653e\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u65f6\uff0cO3<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u524dNOx<\/sub><\/span>\u542b\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u589e\u51cf\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe7D\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5168\u740317\u4e2a\u7279\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u7684OPE\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5747\u57282\u6708\u81f36\u6708\u95f4\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u57ce\u5e02\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eOPE\u4e3a\u6b63\uff0cNOx<\/sub>\u7684\u6392\u653e\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u5f97O3<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u3001\u5361\u62c9\u5947<\/span>\uff08\u5927\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8d1f\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u7d2b\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u76f4\u63a5\u964d\u4f4eNOx<\/sub>\u7684\u6392\u653e\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97O3<\/sub>\u542b\u91cf\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u5730\u8868\u5149\u5316\u5b66\u70df\u96fe\u6c61\u67d3\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\uff1b\u5e94\u8be5\u914d\u5408\u5176\u4ed6\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u964d\u4f4e\u5927\u6c14\u4e2dVOCs\u7684\u542b\u91cf\u6765\u5728\u521d\u671f\u63a7\u5236O3<\/sub>\u6c61\u67d3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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[1] Laughner, J. L., Neu, J. L., Schimel, D., Wennberg, P. O., Barsanti, K., Bowman, K. W., Chatterjee, A., Croes, B. E., Fitzmaurice, H. L., Henze, D. K., Kim, J., Kort, E. A., Liu, Z., Miyazaki, K., Turner, A. J., Anenberg, S., Avise, J., Cao, H., Crisp, D., de Gouw, J., \u2026 Zeng, Z. C. (2021). Societal shifts due to COVID-19 reveal large-scale complexities and feedbacks between atmospheric chemistry and climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(46), e2109481118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2109481118<\/span><\/p>\n


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