{"id":31813,"date":"2022-01-18T22:06:04","date_gmt":"2022-01-18T14:06:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=31813"},"modified":"2022-01-18T22:06:04","modified_gmt":"2022-01-18T14:06:04","slug":"%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%8e%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%ef%bc%9a%e5%8d%81%e5%b9%b4%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e6%a6%82%e8%a7%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=31813","title":{"rendered":"\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\uff1a\u5341\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u6982\u89c8"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\uff08artificial life\uff09\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4eff\u771f\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u673a\u5668\u6280\u672f\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6a21\u62df\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u5176\u6f14\u53d8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5c42\u51fa\u4e0d\u7a77\uff0c\u4f46\u6355\u6349\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u5982\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u7b49\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u672c\u6587\u68b3\u7406\u4e862008\u5e74-2018\u5e74\u4e0a\u767e\u7bc7\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ece\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f\u3001\u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u5f0f\u517193\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u8fd1\u5341\u5e74\u4e3b\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u672a\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5728\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Thomas McAtee\u3001Claudia Szabo<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9648\u7fd4<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span> | \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span>
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\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span>
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\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d<\/span>\uff08Arti\ufb01cial Life\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u4ee5\u81ea\u7136\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ca\u73b0\u8c61\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u5927\u578b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5982\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u7a81\u53d1\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6982\u89c8\u3002\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86538\u7bc7\u521d\u59cb\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d194\u7bc7\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86115\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u662f\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08simulation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08social modelling\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08biological modelling\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08biological\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u793e\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08social\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6df7\u5408<\/span>\uff08hybrid\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u6210\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u9002\u5e94\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08Langton et al., 1989\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5982\u751f\u6001\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08Punithan et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08Loula et al., 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6218\u6597\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08Yu and Zhao, 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e13\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u5546\u5e97\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08Cocco et al., 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u7531\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08Sz- abo et al., 2014; Mittal, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Complex adaptive systems, CAS\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u73af\u5883\u88ab\u9f13\u52b1\u53bb\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u671f\u7684\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u573a\u666f\u66f4\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u62bd\u8c61<\/span>\uff08North et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u4f9b\u5e94\u94fe\u3001\u533b\u7597\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u667a\u80fd\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\u3001\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u672c\u8eab\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u7ecf\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728<\/span>\uff08North et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5173\u6ce8\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Szabo et al., 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9002\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6a21\u5757\u5316<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08Self-organization \uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5b9e\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6216\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u65f6<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006; Mittal, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8d77\u6765\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Emergence\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08Szabo et al., 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9759\u6b62\u7684\u6c14\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Mittal, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u90fd\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u533a\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u8682\u8681\u7fa4\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u548c\u521a\u6027\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08Birdsey et al., 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u5bf9\u5176\u73af\u5883\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08Autonomy\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff08Froese et al., 2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/span>\uff08Adaptation\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u91c7\u7528\u6a21\u5757\u5316<\/span>\uff08modularity\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u5b9e\u4f53\u6216\u73af\u5883\u5fc5\u987b\u7531\u51b3\u5b9a\u7236\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u5b50\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210<\/span>\uff08Holland, 2006\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e34\u754c\u70b9<\/span>\uff08Criticality\uff09<\/span>\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u5165\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6216\u7a81\u53d1\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u88ab\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u8fb9\u7f18\u6216\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u51b3\u7b56\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u91c7\u7528\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u5e76\u660e\u786e\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u590d\u6742\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f1a\u6781\u5927\u53d1\u5c55\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7279\u5b9a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u5c06\u5927\u5927\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5176\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7a81\u53d1\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6<\/span>\uff08Mittal, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4f7f\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u9002\u7528\u6027\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u91cd\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u732e\u56de\u987e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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2. \u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Sant\u00e9 et al., 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027<\/span>\uff08Froese et al., 2007\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08Emmeche, 1998\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f46\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u628a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u8ba8\u8bba\u51e0\u7bc7\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5efa\u6a21\u8303\u5f0f\u6216\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bedau\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08Bedau, 2003\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u622a\u81f32003\u5e74\u7684\u65e2\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7c97\u7565\u65f6\u95f4\u8868\uff0c\u4eceLangton\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08Langton et al., 1989\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u8fdb\u5316\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u8702\u7fa4\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002Bedau\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8613\u4e2a\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bousquet\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08Bousquet and Le Page, 2004\uff09<\/span>\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08multi-agent simulations, MAS\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5efa\u6a21\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6001\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800cMAS\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u878d\u5408\u6548\u679c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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Froese\u7b49\u4eba\u540e\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08Froese\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08autonomy\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5173\u4e8eautonomy\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u6784\u6210\u6027\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f15\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\/\u6216\u7075\u6d3b\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u6784\u6210\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u751f\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5177\u6709\u5c06\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u9650\u5236\u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6848\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u8868\u4e4b\u65e5<\/span>\uff082007\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002Sant\u00e9\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bc4\u8bba<\/span>\uff08Sant\u00e9 et al., 2010\uff09<\/span>\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u57ce\u5e02\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6a21\u62df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u5212\u6216\u57ce\u5e02\u8fdb\u5316\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4f7f\u7528\u6bcf\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u3001\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5efa\u6a21\u6216\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u8003\u8651\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6216\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span>
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\u53ea\u8003\u86512008\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u53d1\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u957f\u5ea6\u22655\u9875\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u6392\u9664\u53ea<\/strong>\u5305\u542b\u6e7f\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d<\/span>\uff08whether artificial life\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u53ea\u57fa\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u672a\u5305\u542b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6570\u636e\u9879\u76ee\u6982\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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  • \n
    \u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u8bb0\u5f55\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u8bb0\u5f55\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u91c7\u7528\u7684\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u8bb0\u5f55\u6bcf\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7136\u6216\u751f\u7269\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u89c5\u98df\u3001\u6355\u98df\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u9009\u4e3e\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea4\u6d41\u6216\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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    \u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6355\u6349\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55CAS\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u2014\u2014\u6355\u6349\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8be5\u8bba\u6587\u4e3b\u9898\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u8003\u8651\u7684\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6355\u6349\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u6311\u6218\u4e0e\u9650\u5236\u2014\u2014\u6355\u6349\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u6216\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \u6311\u6218\u7c7b\u578b\u2014\u2014\u6355\u6349\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    4. \u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u6765\u81ea115\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5df2\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u9879\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e8619\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6b62\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u88681\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u662f\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u5360\u6240\u6709\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u768413%\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u6709\u5173\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cSeth\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u683c\u5170\u6770\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u6cbb\u6027\u6216\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08Seth, 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800cKirshenbaum\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5219\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u5b66\u4e60\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u6765\u6559\u80b2\u5b66\u751f<\/span>\uff08Kirshenbaum, 2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff0811.3%\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u73b0\u72b6\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff0810.4%\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e3a\u764c\u75c7\u751f\u957f\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08Monteagudo\u548cSantos Reyes, 2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u7ea7\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u548cL-\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u73b0\u8c61\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08Varela and Santos\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd919\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u3001\u4f18\u5316\u3001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\/\u6218\u672f\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88681. \u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u9891\u7387<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8610\u79cd\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u300257.4%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08ABM, Agent-based Modelling\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5efa\u6a21\u8303\u5f0f\u3002ABM\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4e0e\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5168\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span>\uff08CA, Cellular Automata\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u670945.2%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7531\u5355\u5143\u683c<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e8c\u7ef4\uff09<\/span>\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u683c\u90fd\u88ab\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u5f71\u54cd\u90bb\u8fd1\u5355\u5143\u683c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8681\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08AC, Ant Colony\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u7387\u660e\u662f\u663e\u4f4e\u4e8e\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u76844.3%\u3002\u8681\u7fa4\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u8681\u7fa4\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u4f18\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u56fe\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff0888.7%\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u8bc1\u660e<\/span>\uff0811.3%\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u5b89\u88c5\u7269\u7406\u539f\u578b<\/span>\uff080.87%\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd910\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u9886\u57df\u5206\u522b\u662f\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u8681\u7fa4\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5b66\u3001P-\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5206\u6790\u5b66\u3001\u56fe\u5f62\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88682. \u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u9891\u7387<\/span><\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    \u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u8303\u5f0f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c0693\u4e2a\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u578b\u3001\u751f\u7269\u578b\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u8303\u4f8b<\/span>\uff0860\u4e2a\uff0c\u537364.52%\uff09<\/span>\u53ea\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u8fc7\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6c47\u603b\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u8868\u5e95\u90e8\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u578b\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u901a\u4fe1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u751f\u7269\u578b\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u548c\u751f\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6df7\u5408\u578b\uff1a\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u3002\u8be5\u7c7b\u522b\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5f52\u5165\u751f\u7269\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7fa4\u5c45\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/h4>\n
    \u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u6355\u98df\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u5efa\u6a21\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u603b\u79f0\uff0c\u6216\u5229\u7528\u8fdb\u5316\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u8fdb\u5316\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6216\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u8fdb\u5316\uff09\uff08Joachimczak et al., 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6355\u98df\u6307\u7684\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u79cd\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6355\u98df\u5173\u7cfb\uff1b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u730e\u7269\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span>\uff08Seth, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4f7f\u7528\u8682\u8681\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u75d5\u8ff9\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c33.9%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u5b83\u3002\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u8303\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u662f\u4e0d\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u572814.8%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u8303\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u6355\u98df\uff09<\/span>\u5219\u57289.6%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u522b\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u51cb\u4ea1\u3001\u751f\u7269\u751f\u957f\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u7b49\u7b49\u300269.57%\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bba\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\uff1a\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u6355\u98df\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u3001\u518d\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u89c5\u98df\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u5316\u5b66\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u6d41\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3001\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6298\u53e0\u3001\u9965\u997f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88683. \u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u9891\u7387<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/h4>\n
    \u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4e92\u52a8\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u6307\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e92\u76f8\u5e2e\u52a9\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u4e92\u5229\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982<\/span>\uff08Oswald and Schmickl, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u6307\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6784\u9020<\/span>\uff08Shibuya et al.\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea4\u6d41\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u4ea4\u6362\u300221.74%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f\uff1a\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u8681\u7fa4\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u4eba\u7fa4\u8fd0\u52a8\u3001\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88684. \u793e\u4f1a\u8303\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u9891\u7387<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/h4>\n
    \u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u7efc\u5408\u4e86\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u4e2a\u8303\u5f0f\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u5730\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u751f\u7269\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5982\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u88685\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5206\u6563\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f53\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u4ee5\u8682\u8681\u548c\u871c\u8702\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span>\uff08von Mammen and Jacob, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u6216\u751f\u7269\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u8eab\u6216\u73af\u5883\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08Azumagakito et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u6307\u5bf9\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u79cd\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b50\u79cd\u7fa4\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u6216\u5f71\u54cd\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Bornhofen and Lattaud, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u300259.13%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\uff1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u79cd\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u3001\u591a\u7c92\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u5bfb\u8def\u3001\u5171\u8bc6\u4e3b\u52a8\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88685. \u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u53ca\u5176\u9891\u7387<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/h3>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u9650\u5236\u56e0\u7d20<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    34.78%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u65f6\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6311\u6218\u6216\u9650\u5236\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0e\u5efa\u6a21\u6709\u5173<\/span>\uff0818.96%\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u5230\u5728\u5c06\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5236\u9020\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u878d\u5408\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/span>\uff08Leitao, 2009; Monteagudo and Santos Reyes, 2013\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u9760\u6027<\/span>\uff08Lopez, 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u51c6\u786e\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u73af\u5883\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/span>\uff08Azumagakito et al, 2011\uff1bIsidoro et al., 2011; Bornhofen and Lattaud, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5728\u5206\u6790\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff087.76%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u56f0\u96be<\/span>\uff08Punithan et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5206\u6790\u89c4\u6a21<\/span>\uff08Janecek et al., 2013; Niazi, 2014\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5206\u6790\u6307\u6807\u7684\u56f0\u96be<\/span>\uff08Taylor and Cody, 2015\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5bfc\u81f4\u6a21\u578b\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u6a21\u7cca<\/span>\uff08Oswald and Schmickl, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u62a5\u544a\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027<\/span>\uff084.34%\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08Krol and Popiela, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5316<\/span>\uff08Yamamoto and Miorandi, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u6a21\u578b\u884c\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u5386\u5e74\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u9891\u7387<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    \u56fe1\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u5386\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9891\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u53ea\u805a\u5408\u4e86\u9891\u7387\u5927\u4e8e4\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u81ea2009\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316<\/span>\uff08evolution\uff09<\/span>\u88ab\u7ecf\u5e38\u7528\u5230\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20<\/span>\uff08pheromones\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u76f4\u52302012\u5e74\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u56fe1. \u8303\u5f0f\u9891\u7387\uff082008\u5e74-2018\u5e74\uff0c\u6837\u672c\u603b\u91cf\u4e3a115\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    \u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
    22\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08CAS\uff09<\/span>\u5c5e\u6027\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8fd8\u65e8\u5728\u786e\u5b9a\u7528\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7279\u5b9a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8868\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6bcf\u79cd\u7279\u6027\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c57.39%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6216\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u5b9e\u73b0\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u62a5\u544a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8690\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6765\u81ea\u751f\u7269\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u7c7b\u522b<\/span>\uff08\u5206\u522b\u4e3a55.56%\u548c31.11%\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316<\/span>\uff08Otto and Bannenberg, 2010\uff1bvon Mammen and Jacob, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6355\u98df<\/span>\uff08Loula et al., 2010; Lopez, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Leitao, 2009; von Mammen and Jacob, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d28.7%\u7684\u4eba\u8bc6\u522b\u4e86\u7531\u5c40\u90e8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u752840\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7269\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08\u5206\u522b\u4e3a57.5%\u548c32.5%\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316<\/span>\uff08Leitao, 2009; Otto and Bannenberg, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08von Mammen and Jacob, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u8bc6\u522b\u7684CAS\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u572818.26%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc729\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u751f\u7269\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u8303\u5f0f\u7c7b<\/span>\uff08\u5206\u522b\u4e3a15\u79cd\uff0851.72%\uff09\u548c10\u79cd\uff0834.5%\uff09\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u8303\u5f0f\u662f\u8fdb\u5316<\/span>\uff08Bornhofen and Lattaud, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08Fernando et al., 2009\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08Leitao, 2009\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u88686. \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u5f0f<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    5. \u8ba8\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u53d6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8693\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08ABM\uff09\uff0855.65%\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a<\/span>\uff08CA\uff09\uff0818.26%\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u7528\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5236\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u6001\u6216\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5360\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fd175%\u3002\u5176\u4f5925%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5–\u517118\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4f7f\u7528\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5efa\u6a21\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u867d\u713678.26%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u5b50\u96c6\u768494%\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u524d\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5373\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u670932.17%\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u524d\u4e09\u8005\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u8303\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u7b49\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u751f\u6210<\/span>\uff08Seth, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u56db\u9879\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u88ab\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6<\/span>\uff08Punithan et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u73b0\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u4e5f\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u7279\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u5176\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bba\u6587<\/span>\uff0884.35%\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u80fd\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u6216\u751f\u6001\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08Punithan et al., 2011\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u9879\u76ee\u7ba1\u7406\u6216\u7269\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08Otto and Bannenberg, 2010\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6790\u786e\u5b9a\u4e8632\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff0c34.78%\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e09\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u6a21\u62df<\/span>\uff08\u5360\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u768413%\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff0811.3%\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff0810.4%\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5269\u4e0b\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u6570\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u8bba\u6587\u662f\u5728\u8be5\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u53d1\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u5360\u8bba\u6587\u603b\u6570\u768411.30%\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u90fd\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u5206\u6790\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u9677\u9631\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e9f\u9700\u4e00\u4efd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u8303\u5f0f\u6e05\u5355\uff0c\u8be5\u6e05\u5355\u80fd\u591f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u8303\u5f0f\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u590d\u5236\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u732e\u7efc\u8ff0\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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