{"id":32771,"date":"2022-02-28T20:02:20","date_gmt":"2022-02-28T12:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=32771"},"modified":"2022-02-28T20:02:20","modified_gmt":"2022-02-28T12:02:20","slug":"%e6%b1%aa%e5%8a%b2%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e9%9d%9e%e5%b9%b3%e8%a1%a1%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=32771","title":{"rendered":"\u6c6a\u52b2\uff1a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7269\u7406\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nonequilibrium physics in biology<\/span><\/h3>\n
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\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f62\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d88\u8017\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u7269\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5982\u975e Michaelis-Menten \u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08English et al.\uff0c2006\uff1bMin et al.\uff0c2006\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u65f6\u7a7a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5982\u9009\u62e9\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684Min\u86cb\u767d\u632f\u8361<\/span>\uff08Raskin and de Boer\uff0c1999a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5982\u808c\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u4e1d\u548c\u5fae\u7ba1\u7684\u7ec4\u88c5<\/span>\uff08Mitchison and Kirschner\uff0c1984\uff1bKuhn and Pollard\uff0c2005\uff1bFujiwara\uff0cVavylonis\uff0cand Pollard\uff0c2007\uff1bStewman and Ma\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\u97ad\u6bdb\u65cb\u8f6c\u9a6c\u8fbe<\/span>\uff08Silverman and Simon\uff0c1974\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u7f57\u4e39\u660e\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u84dd\u85fb\u663c\u591c\u8282\u5f8b\u548c\u6355\u5149\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u7801\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u529f\u80fd\u7ec6\u80de\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd<\/span>\uff08fundamental infrastructure\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u7c7b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0eDNA\u4e0a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u542f\u52a8\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u70b9\u7ed3\u5408\u6765\u53cd\u9988\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u8f6c\u5f55\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u56e0\u5b50\u201d\u4f1a\u52a0\u5927\u8868\u8fbe\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u6291\u5236\u56e0\u5b50\u201d\u4f1a\u6291\u5236\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u8f6c\u5f55\u56e0\u5b50\u5171\u540c\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u5206\u5316\u548c\u53d1\u80b2\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u73b0\u5728\u4e5f\u88ab\u5e38\u89c4\u5730\u690d\u5165\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u672c\u6587\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684\u566c\u83cc\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08natural competence\uff09<\/span>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u7a81\u51fa\u5185\u6e90\u6027\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5408\u6210\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u81ea2000\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5730\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u3001\u632f\u8361\u5668\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u6a21\u5757\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u7ecf\u5e38\u5904\u4e8e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u957f\u3001DNA\u590d\u5236\u5230\u5206\u88c2<\/span>\uff08Morgan\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u75be\u75c5\u90fd\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u764c\u7ec6\u80de\u6bd4\u5065\u5eb7\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u957f\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u5206\u88c2\u66f4\u9891\u7e41<\/span>\uff08Weinberg\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u751f\u957f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u95f4\u671f\u548c\u5206\u88c2<\/span>\uff08Morgan\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u95f4\u671f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95f4\u9699\u671fG1\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u7ec6\u80de\u79ef\u7d2f\u5927\u91cf\u7269\u8d28\uff1b\u5408\u6210\u9636\u6bb5S\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4DNA\u88ab\u590d\u5236\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95f4\u9699\u671fG2\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u7ec6\u80de\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u957f\u3002\u5728\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5212\u5206\u6216\u6709\u4e1d\u5206\u88c2\u671fM\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u901a\u5e38\u5206\u88c2\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u63a7\u5236<\/span>\uff08Chen et al.\uff0c2004\uff1bSveiczer\uff0cTyson and Novak\uff0c2004\uff1bWang\uff0cLi\uff0cand Wang\uff0c2010\uff1bLi and Wang\uff0c2014a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u80fd\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u9650\u73af\u3002\u9752\u86d9\u80da\u80ce\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u6b64<\/span>\uff08Ferrell\uff0cTsai\uff0cand Yang\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9175\u6bcd\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u5468\u671f\u89c6\u4e3a\u79bb\u6563\u5438\u5f15\u5b50<\/span>\uff08Li et al.\uff0c 2004\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5206\u53c9<\/span>\uff08Chen et al.\uff0c2004\uff1bSveiczer\uff0cTyson and Novak\uff0c2004\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6781\u9650\u73af\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08G\u00e9rard and Goldbeter\uff0c2009\uff1bWang\uff0cLi\uff0cand Wang\uff0c2010\uff1bLi and Wang\uff0c2014a\uff1bLv et al.\uff0c2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u805a\u5408\u548c\u76f8\u5206\u79bb\u73b0\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u6d3b\u6027\u80f6\u4f53\uff0c\u5b83\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u9a71\u52a8\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7b80\u8981\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ec6\u80de\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u5c1a\u672a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u6d3b\u6027\u7c92\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66 <\/span>\uff08Wang and Wolynes\uff0c2011\uff1bMarchetti et al.\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5916\u89c2\u548c\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\uff1a\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u8001\u5316\u3002\u53d1\u80b2\u901a\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f \uff0c\u8fbe\u897f\u00b7\u6c64\u666e\u68ee<\/span>\uff08D\u2019Arcy Thompson\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8bba\u751f\u957f\u4e0e\u5f62\u6001\u300b<\/span>\uff08On Growth and Form, Thompson, 1941\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u7406\u89e3\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5411\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u63a8\u8350\u8fd1\u671f\u5173\u4e8e\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u51b5<\/span>\uff08Lecuit and Lenne\uff0c2007\uff1bMirabet et al.\uff0c2011\uff1bSun and Jiang\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u672c\u6587\u628a\u91cd\u70b9\u653e\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u8870\u8001\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8f83\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bf4\u660e\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u666f\u89c2\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u548c\u52a0\u6df1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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6. \u7ec6\u80de\u7f51\u7edc\u884c\u4e3a\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8f\u4f1f\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5927\u8111\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u7d27\u5bc6\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7531\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u4e2a\u79f0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/span>\uff08Dayan and Abbott\uff0c2001\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u7535\u5174\u594b\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u5f3a\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u8109\u51b2\uff0c\u8be5\u8109\u51b2\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u6cbf\u7740\u8f74\u7a81\u4f20\u9012\uff0c\u8f74\u7a81\u5373\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u6cbf\u8f74\u7a81\u7684\u8fd0\u8f93\u7531 Hodgkin-Huxley \u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Hodgkin and Huxley\uff0c1952\uff09<\/span>\u5b9a\u91cf\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800cFitzHugh-Nagumo\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08FitzHugh, 1961\uff1bNagumo\uff0cArimoto\uff0cand Yoshizawa\uff0c1962\uff09<\/span>\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u9ad3\u3002\u5728\u8f74\u7a81\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\u4e2d\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8f74\u7a81\u548c\u6811\u7a81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u89e6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a81\u89e6\u901a\u8fc7\u91ca\u653e\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5730\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u6291\u5236\u7a81\u89e6\u540e\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u7531\u6574\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong>\u7684\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4e0e\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08Hopfield\uff0c1982\uff1bAbbott\uff0c2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u6001\u7b49\u5168\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027<\/span>\uff08Dayan and Abbott\uff0c2001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u91cf\u5316\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u666f\u89c2\u3001\u6d41\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u63a2\u7d22\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6709\u5173\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605Amit<\/span>\uff081989\uff09<\/span>\u548c Dayan and Abbott<\/span>\uff082001\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u764c\u75c7\u662f\u5168\u7403\u4eba\u53e3\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u4e86\u89e3\u5bfc\u81f4\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08Weinberg\uff0c2007\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7279\u5f81\u5df2\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08Hanahan and Weinberg\uff0c2000\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6297\u764c\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u80bf\u7624\u7684\u751f\u957f\u3001\u8840\u7ba1\u6269\u5f20\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u5c31\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u4e86<\/span>\uff08Ramis-Conde et al.\uff0c2009\uff1bWelter\uff0cBartha and Rieger\uff0c2009\uff1bWirtz\uff0cKonstantopoulos\uff0cand Searson\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7269\u7406\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u4ecd\u88ab\u5e38\u89c4\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u8054\u7cfb\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6982\u5ff5\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63ed\u793a\u80bf\u7624\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u53d1\u73b0\u6cbb\u7597\u8fd9\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65b0\u7b56\u7565<\/span>\uff08Welter and Rieger\uff0c2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u764c\u75c7\u5927\u591a\u4ecd\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7531\u7a81\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5bf9\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u8fc7\u4e8e\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u73af\u5883\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Kauffman\uff0c1971\uff1bGatenby and Vincent\uff0c2003\uff1bWang\uff0cLenferink\uff0cand Connor-McCourt\uff0c2007\uff1bAo et al.\uff0c2008\uff1bBar-Yam\uff0cHarmon\uff0cand de Bivort\uff0c2009\uff1bBasan et al.\uff0c2009\uff1bHuang\uff0cErnberg\uff0cand Kauffman\uff0c2009\uff1bCreixell et al.\uff0c2012\uff1bLu et al.\uff0c2013\uff1bTian\uff0cZhang\uff0cand Xing\uff0c2013\uff1bLi and Wang\uff0c2014a\uff0c2014b\uff0c2015\uff1bLu\uff0cJolly et al.\uff0c2014\uff1bChen and Wang\uff0c2016\uff1bYu and Wang\uff0c2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u764c\u75c7\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u75be\u75c5\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u764c\u75c7\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u764c\u75c7\u6cbb\u7597\u9700\u8981\u7784\u51c6\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u5173\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4ecd\u7136\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u91cf\u5316\u764c\u75c7\u72b6\u6001\uff1f\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u4ece\u764c\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\u6062\u590d\u5230\u5065\u5eb7\u72b6\u6001\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u8bc6\u522b\u5173\u952e\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u56e0\u5b50\uff1f\u672c\u6587\u5728\u8be5\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5bf9\u764c\u75c7\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u666f\u89c2\u3001\u65cb\u8f6c\u6d41\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a33\u6001\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7834\u574f\u6027\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5929\u6027\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u793e\u4f1a\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u76f8\u4e92\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u4ea7\u751f\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5bf9\u79cd\u7fa4\u548c\u751f\u6001\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u52a8\u6001\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u672c\u6587\u91cd\u70b9\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u5728\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u5b66\u8bf4\u540e<\/span>\uff08Darwin\uff0c1873\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u91cf\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0a\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cSewall Wright\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u666f\u89c2\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/span>\uff08Fisher\uff0c1930\uff1bWright\uff0c1942\uff1bSvirezhev and Passekov\uff0c1990\uff1bEwens\uff0c2004\uff1bRice\uff0c2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528Wright\u7684\u8bdd\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6539\u53d8\u5e73\u8861\u201d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7a81\u53d8\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u538b\u529b\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u968f\u673a\u57fa\u56e0\u6f02\u79fb\uff0c\u5728\u666f\u89c2\u4e0a\u8fbe\u5230\u9876\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9002\u5e94\u6e90\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5c06\u6cbf\u7740\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u6709\u7740\u660e\u663e\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u666f\u89c2\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\u4ecd\u5904\u5728\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08Rice\uff0c2004\uff1bPigliucci\uff0c2008\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6570\u91cf\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6210\u679c\u662f\u201c\u8d39\u96ea\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7406\u201d\uff0c\u8be5\u5b9a\u7406\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5e73\u5747\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7387\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u7b49\u4e8e\u79cd\u7fa4\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u5dee\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0cWright\u548cFisher\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6709\u591a\u666e\u9002\uff1f\u5b83\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u65e0\u9650\u6301\u7eed\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8d39\u96ea\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u7406\u8bf4\u660e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u7fa4\u4f53\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong>
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Wright\u548cFisher\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u529b\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6216\u201c\u4f4d\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u9891\u7387\u7684\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u9009\u62e9\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\u7269\u79cd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u9891\u7387\u72ec\u7acb\u9009\u62e9\u6216\u8fde\u9501\u5e73\u8861<\/span>\uff08LE\uff09\uff08Neher and Shraiman\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7279\u5f81\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u7b49\u4f4d\u57fa\u56e0\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u4e2d\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u8fdb\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cWright\u548cFisher\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cLE\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u7ec6\u83cc\u83cc\u843d\u4e2d\u6e05\u6670\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u83cc\u843d\u5728\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u5316\u4e86\u6570\u4e07\u4ee3<\/span>\uff08Elena and Lenski\uff0c2003\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u5206\u5b50\u8fdb\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u79cd\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c\u65b0\u7269\u79cd\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8<\/span>\uff08Worst et al.\uff0c2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Wright\u548cFisher\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u666f\u89c2\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5bf9\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u666f\u89c2\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5c06\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6d41\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u822c\u8fdb\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u989d\u5916\u9a71\u52a8\u529b<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u514b\u670dWright\u548cFisher\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08Zhang et al.\uff0c2012\uff1bXu and Wang\uff0c2017b\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4f9b\u9700\u5e73\u8861<\/span>\uff08Walras\uff0c1874\uff1bMarshall\uff0c1890\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u5f53\u4f9b\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5747\u8861\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u589e\u957f\u548c\u505c\u6ede\u6216\u8870\u9000\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5468\u671f\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a<\/span>\uff08Marx\uff0c1887\uff1bFisher\uff0c1933\uff1bSchumpeter\uff0c1934\uff1bKeynes\uff0c1936\uff1bGoodwin\uff0c1967\uff1bMinsky\uff0c1977\uff1bKeen\uff0c1994\uff0c2001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u8861\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u9700\u8981\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u91cf\u5316<\/span>\uff08Zhang and Wang\uff0c2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u975e\u5747\u8861\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u662f\u7531\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\u6d41\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\uff08Zhang and Wang\uff0c2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u666f\u89c2\u5730\u5f62\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7ecf\u6d4e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u91cf\u5316\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee3\u8868\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6d41\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5851\u9020\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d41\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u6301\u72b6\u6001\u95f4\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u6d41\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7075\u654f\u5ea6\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bc6\u522b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Zhang and Wang\uff0c2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d41\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u975e\u5747\u8861\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u5747\u8861\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u5747\u8861\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u6216\u5be1\u5934\u5784\u65ad\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u6781\u9650\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u666e\u904d\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u975e\u5747\u8861\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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8. \u603b\u7ed3\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u4ee5\u53ca\u5e7f\u4e49\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08large classses of systems\uff09<\/span>\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u80b2\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u79cd\u7fa4\u548c\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u666f\u89c2\u548c\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u5c24\u5176\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u5e7f\u4e49\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e3a\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u6269\u5c55\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u96c6\u6027\u73b0\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u666f\u89c2\u3001\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5e7f\u4e49\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4ec5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7269\u7406\u5728\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u671f\u5f85\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u771f\u77e5\u707c\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u76f8\u5f53\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u5e93\u7684\u56fe\u666f<\/span>\uff08picture of the molecular inventory\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u5e93\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u673a\u5668\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u8be6\u7ec6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5df2\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u5185\u5bb9\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u6709\u4e86\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8be6\u7ec6\u5730\u8ddf\u8e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u9e1f\u7fa4\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u671b\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u673a\u5236\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5c06\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5982\u9176\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u764c\u75c7\u3001\u5206\u5316\u548c\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u514d\u75ab\u3001\u8870\u8001\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6216\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u968f\u7740\u8c03\u63a7\u548c\u4e86\u89e3<\/span>\uff08interrogate\uff09<\/span>\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u811a\u4e0b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u539f\u91ce\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u6f5c\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8fdc\u8d85\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u6307\u5bfc\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u963b\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u4e86\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u751f\u547d\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u600e\u6837\u8d77\u6e90\uff1f\u751f\u547d\u600e\u6837\u6f14\u5316\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u8ffd\u95ee\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u6765\u81ea\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u63ed\u5f00\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8c1c\u9898\u3002<\/span>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7b56\u5212\u201c\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u201d\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\uff0c\u81ea2020\u5e7411\u67085\u65e5\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u8fd1\u767e\u540d\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u540c\u5b66\u6216\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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