{"id":32861,"date":"2022-03-03T21:28:30","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T13:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=32861"},"modified":"2022-03-03T21:28:30","modified_gmt":"2022-03-03T13:28:30","slug":"%e4%bb%8b%e6%95%b0%e4%b8%ad%e5%bf%83%e6%80%a7%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e7%9c%9f%e5%ae%9e%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e5%88%b0%e5%8a%a0%e6%9d%83%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=32861","title":{"rendered":"\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\uff1a\u4ece\u771f\u5b9e\u7f51\u7edc\u5230\u52a0\u6743\u7f51\u7edc | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5728\u56fe\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u56fe\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fde\u901a\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5728\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u81f3\u5c11\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8def\u5f84\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u8fb9\u6570(\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672a\u52a0\u6743\u56fe)\u6216\u8005\u8fb9\u6743\u91cd\u7684\u548c(\u5bf9\u4e8e\u52a0\u6743\u56fe)\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u8861\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u6807\u51c6: \u5b83\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u5c06\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ecb\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86 \u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fdc\u7a0b\u901a\u4fe1\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8 \u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5c06\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u4e2dg (k) \u662f\u5ea6\u4e3ak\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002\u6307\u6570-\u03b4\u548c \u03b7\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b9\u7a0b(1)\u6307\u51fa<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684 \u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5982\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u5e42\u5f8b\u8d1f\u8f7d\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span>[3]<\/span> \u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u67a2\u7ebd\u8282\u70b9\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8d1f\u8f7d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u52a0\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u94fe\u8def\u4e0d\u518d\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u3001\u9891\u7387\u7b49\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u52a0\u6743\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u62d3\u6251\u6548\u5e94\u4e4b\u5916\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u6743\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u5176\u76f8\u90bb\u8fb9\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u4e4b\u548c\u6765\u8868\u793a\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7528aij\u548cwij\u5206\u522b\u4f5c\u4e3ai\u548cj\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u90bb\u63a5\u77e9\u9635\u548c\u6743\u503c\u77e9\u9635\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e \u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5ea6\u7684<\/span>\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03<\/span>\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u670d\u4ece \u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u4ecb\u6570b\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503cs(b)\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u7f29\u653e\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3002
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<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6e17\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u662f\u52a0\u6743\u7684\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u8be5\u6743\u91cd\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u6bcf\u6761\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u4f20\u67d3\u201d\u7684\u6e17\u6d41\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u6216\u7ec6\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u8003\u8651\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bbe\u60f3\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u8def\u3001\u94c1\u8def\u6216\u7a7a\u4e2d\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u57ce\u9547\u6216\u4eba\u53e3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u8c23\u8a00\u6216\u65b0\u95fb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5728\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u201d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6062\u590d\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u201c\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ece\u201c\u6613\u611f\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u201c\u611f\u67d3\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e8c\u5143\u7684\uff08\u5982\u63a5\u6536\/\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3001\u79bb\u6563\u7684\uff08\u6613\u611f\/\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\/\u5eb7\u590d\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u666f\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6e17\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Percolation centrality (PC)\u5c31\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u601d\u60f3\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u8282\u70b9\u5728\u5e2e\u52a9\u7f51\u7edc\u6e17\u6d41\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d4b\u5ea6\u662f\u7531 Piraveenan \u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6e17\u6d41\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Percolation centrality \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6e17\u6d41\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u201c\u6e17\u6d41\u8def\u5f84\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u5bf9\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u88ab\u6e17\u6d41\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6e17\u6d41\u7684\u6216\u975e\u6e17\u6d41\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u5904\u4e8e\u90e8\u5206\u6e17\u6d41\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u4e2d\u03c3sr\u662f\u4ece\u8282\u70b9s\u5230\u8282\u70b9r\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u603b\u6570\uff0c\u03c3sr(v)\u662f\u901a\u8fc7v\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u6570\u3002\u5728\u65f6\u95f4t\u65f6\u8282\u70b9i\u7684\u6e17\u6ee4\u72b6\u6001\u7528xti\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u5f53xti=0\u8868\u793a\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u6e17\u6ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u5f53xti=1\u8868\u793a\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6e17\u6ee4\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u503c\u8868\u793a\u90e8\u5206\u6e17\u6ee4\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u9547\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8be5\u57ce\u9547\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6e17\u6d41\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6e17\u6ee4\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6e17\u6ee4\u6c34\u5e73\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u6e90\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u5c31\u8d8a\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6e90\u81ea\u9ad8\u6e17\u6ee4\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6e17\u6ee4\u66f4\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u3002PC \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u6e17\u6ee4\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd0\u884c\u5728O(NM)\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5e03\u5170\u5fb7\u65af\u5feb\u901f\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u76ee\u6807\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u6700\u574f\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3aO(N^3)\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u4ecb\u6570\u548c\u7d27\u5bc6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Closeness centralities\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u56fe\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Floyd-Warshall \u7b97\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981big theta|<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb\u540e\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u6761\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5728\u7a00\u758f\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0cJohnson\u7b97\u6cd5\u6216Brandes\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aBig O notation|<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u672a\u52a0\u6743\u56fe\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Brandes \u7b97\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97 \u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Betweenness centrality\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e3aBig O notation|<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4ecb\u6570\u548c\u7d27\u5bc6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027Closeness centralities\u65f6\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u56fe\u662f\u65e0\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u56fe\u5728\u5141\u8bb8\u81ea\u73af\u548c\u591a\u8fb9\u65f6\u662f\u8fde\u901a\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u4e13\u95e8\u5904\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u56fe\u901a\u5e38\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u73af\u6216\u591a\u8fb9\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8fb9\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528 Brandes \u7b97\u6cd5\u5c06\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u9664\u4ee52\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u6761\u6700\u77ed\u8def\u5f84\u88ab\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7ec4\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u975e\u7ec4\u6210\u5458\u8282\u70b9\u5bf9\u7684\u6d4b\u5730\u7ebf\u6240\u5360\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7684Brandes\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6e10\u8fd1\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u4ecb\u6570\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/1167<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e3a\u56fe\u7f51\u7edc\u8bba\u6587\u89e3\u8bfb\u6d3b\u52a8\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u539f\u7406\u63a2\u7a76\u201d\u7bc7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/2328<\/span><\/p>\n

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