{"id":33305,"date":"2022-03-24T22:24:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-24T14:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33305"},"modified":"2022-03-24T22:24:00","modified_gmt":"2022-03-24T14:24:00","slug":"%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%e8%ae%b0%e5%bf%86%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e9%ad%94%e6%95%b0%e4%b9%8b%e4%b8%83%e5%88%b0%e5%9b%9b%e7%bb%84%e5%9d%97-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33305","title":{"rendered":"\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1a\u4ece\u9b54\u6570\u4e4b\u4e03\u5230\u56db\u7ec4\u5757 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6 Working Memory\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u80fd\u4e34\u65f6\u5bb9\u7eb3\u6709\u9650\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5bf9\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u51b3\u7b56\u503e\u5411\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u503e\u5411\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6 short-term Memory\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u591f\u8c03\u7528\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ec5\u6307\u77ed\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6545\u4e8c\u8005\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 cognitive psychology\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66 neuropsychology\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66 neuroscience\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span>
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\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6 Working Memory\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u7531\u7c73\u52d2 Miller\u3001\u52a0\u5170\u7279 Galanter\u548c\u666e\u91cc\u5e03\u62c9\u59c6 Pribram \u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u628a\u5927\u8111\u6bd4\u4f5c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d\u30021968\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u7279\u91d1\u68ee Atkinson\u548c\u8c22\u798f\u6797 Shiffrin\u7528\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u201c\u77ed\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5c31\u662f\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u77ed\u671f\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\u3001\u201c\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u521d\u7ea7\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u5373\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3001\u201c\u64cd\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e34\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u3002\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff08\u4ee5\u79d2\u4e3a\u5355\u4f4d\uff09\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u53d6\u4ee3\u6216\u5305\u542b\u65e9\u671f\u201c\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u64cd\u7eb5\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230100\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5e0c\u9f50\u683c Hitzig \u548c\u8d39\u91cc\u5c14 Ferrier \u5bf9\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u8d28\u6d88\u878d\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08PFC\uff09\u3002\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42 frontal cortex\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6bd4\u5bf9\u611f\u5b98\u7a0b\u5e8f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u57281935\u5e74\u548c1936\u5e74\uff0c \u5361\u83b1\u5c14 \u00b7 \u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee Carlyle Jacobsen\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u9996\u6b21\u62ab\u9732\u4e86\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5207\u9664\u5bf9\u5ef6\u65f6\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u4e0d\u826f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5df4\u5fb7\u5229 Baddeley\u548c\u5e0c\u6c60 Hitch \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/p>\n


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1974\u5e74\uff0cBaddeley\u548cHitch\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u591a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6a21\u578b Multicomponent Model of Working Memory\u2014\u2014\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u5668 Central Executive\u3001\u8bed\u97f3\u56de\u8def Phonological Loop (PL)\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u7ed8\u677f Visuospatial Sketchpad\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u5668\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u758f\u901a\u8bed\u97f3\u56de\u8def\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u7ed8\u677f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6291\u5236\u65e0\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u53ca\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6267\u884c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u4e2d\u592e\u6267\u884c\u5668\u8fd8\u4f1a\u76d1\u7763\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4ee5\u53ca\u534f\u8c03\u5404\u4e2a\u8d1f\u8d23\u77ed\u671f\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8bed\u97f3\u56de\u8def\uff08PL\uff09\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u8bed\u97f3\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5237\u65b0\u9632\u6b62\u5176\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u91cd\u590d\u4e00\u4e2a7\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u50a8\u5b58\u3002\u800c\u89c6\u89c9\u7ed8\u677f\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5219\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b58\u50a8\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6784\u5efa\u3001\u64cd\u63a7\u89c6\u89c9\u56fe\u50cf\u53ca\u5c55\u73b0\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u3002\u89c6\u89c9\u7ed8\u677f\u8fd8\u53ef\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u4e3a\u89c6\u89c9\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edfvisual subsystem\uff08\u5904\u7406\u5f62\u72b6\u3001\u989c\u8272\u548c\u7eb9\u7406\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edfspatial subsystem\uff08\u5904\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


2000\u5e74\uff0cBaddeley \u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u60c5\u666f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a Episodic Buffer\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u60c5\u666f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6574\u5408\u8bed\u97f3\u3001\u89c6\u89c9\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u672a\u88ab\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6db5\u76d6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8bed\u4e49\u3001\u97f3\u4e50\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u67a2\u7ebd\u3002\u8be5\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5230\u5355\u4e00\u60c5\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u662f\u60c5\u8282\u6027\u7684\u3002\u60c5\u666f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u4e0e\u56fe\u5c14\u6587 Tulving\u60c5\u666f\u8bb0\u5fc6 Episodic Memory\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u60c5\u666f\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u662f\u4e34\u65f6\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5b89\u5fb7\u65af \u00b7 \u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u68ee Anders Ericsson \u548c\u6c83\u5c14\u7279 \u00b7 \u91d1\u5947 Walter Kintsch\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u201c\u957f\u671f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6 Long-term Working Memory\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u7ec4\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6 Long-term Memory\u4e2d\u65e0\u7f1d\u83b7\u53d6\u65e5\u5e38\u6240\u9700\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u201c\u68c0\u7d22\u7ed3\u6784\u201d \u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6709\u6548\u5730\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8003\u6069 Cowan \u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u88ab\u5904\u7406\u6210\u4e24\u4e2a\u5d4c\u5165\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u4e3a\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u5f81\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e0a\u9650\u7684\uff09\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\u53eb\u505a\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7126\u70b9focus\uff0c\u7126\u70b9\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u5bb9\u7eb3\u56db\u4e2a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5965\u4f2f\u5965\u5c14 Oberauer \u5728Cowan\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53c8\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7a84\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7126\u70b9\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u5bb9\u7eb3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5757chunk\u3002\u5355\u5143\u7d20\u7126\u70b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d4c\u5728\u56db\u5143\u7d20\u7126\u70b9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6311\u9009\u8981\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u5757\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6839\u636eCowan \u7684\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7126\u70b9\u201d\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u8981\u52a0\u5de5\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u5b572\u52a0\u5230\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5148\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u72ec\u7acb\u52a0\u5de5\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u5904\u7406\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u65f6Oberauer \u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fdb\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u7ed3\u675f\u540e\u5c31\u628a\u7126\u70b9\u8f6c\u5230\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5904\u7406\u5b8c\u6bd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bb9\u91cf<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/h2>\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u30021956\u5e74\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2 Miller\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u795e\u5947\u6570\u5b577 The Magical Number Seven\u201d\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u7ea6\u662f7\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u7ec4\u5757\u3002\u7ec4\u5757\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u5355\u8bcd\u7b49\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u7528\u7ec4\u5757\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5bf9\u5e947\u4e2a\uff0c\u5b57\u6bcd\u5bf9\u5e946\u4e2a\uff0c\u5355\u8bcd\u5bf9\u5e945\u4e2a\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8be5\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u7ec4\u5757\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u957f\u8bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\u6570\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4e8e\u77ed\u8bcd\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\u6570\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53e3\u5934\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u6570\u5b57\u3001\u5b57\u6bcd\u3001\u5355\u8bcd\uff09\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u89c4\u6a21\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u97f3\u7cfb\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u97f3\u7d20\u3001\u97f3\u8282\u7684\u91cf\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u7528\u8bcd\u6c47\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u7528\u5355\u8bcd\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6240\u77e5\uff09\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u82e5\u5e72\u56e0\u7d20\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\u6570\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cCowan\u8fd8\u662f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u5927\u7ea6\u662f4\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5757\uff08\u513f\u7ae5\u548c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u5219\u66f4\u5c11\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u91cd\u590d7\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u89c4\u6a21\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u6269\u5145\u2014\u2014\u9ad8\u8fbe80\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u57f9\u8bad\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6309\u7f16\u7801\u7b56\u7565\u5c06\u5217\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5206\u7ec4\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u52063\u52305\u7ec4\uff09\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u5355\u5143\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5757\uff09\u3002\u8981\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u5c06\u7ec4\u8bc6\u522b\u4e3a\u67d0\u4e9b\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5b57\u7b26\u4e32\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u68ee Ericsson \u548c\u4ed6\u540c\u4e8b\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u4f53\u80b2\u53f2\u4e2d\u5404\u5927\u6bd4\u8d5b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6765\u7f16\u5199\u4ee3\u7801\u7ec4\u5757: \u51e0\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\u53ef\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7ec4\u5757\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6700\u9ad8\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u5373\u53ef\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec4\u5757\u662f\u53ef\u68c0\u7d22\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u5757\u662f\u63d0\u53d6\u6570\u5b57\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6307\u5411\u6027\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u68ee Ericsson \u548c \u91d1\u8328 Kintsch \uff081995; \u53c2\u89c1 Gobet & Simon\uff0c2000\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6280\u5de7\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u662f\u4ece\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u4f20\u9012\uff08\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u5173\u8054<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u53cc\u4efb\u52a1\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e7f\u5ea6\u6d4b\u5ea6 memory span measure\u4e0e\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1concurrent processing task\uff08\u6709\u65f6\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6742\u89c4\u6a21\u201d\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u30021980\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u66fc Daneman \u548c \u5361\u670b\u7279 Carpenter \u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u2014\u2014\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u5e7f\u5ea6\u201d\u3002\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u9605\u8bfb\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff08\u901a\u5e382\u81f36\u4e2a\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u8bb0\u4f4f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u9605\u8bfb\u5b8c\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6309\u7167\u81ea\u5df1\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u590d\u8ff0\u5355\u8bcd\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5177\u5907\u53cc\u4efb\u52a1\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\u3002Daneman \u548cCarpenter \u76f8\u4fe1\u201c\u5b58\u50a8\u201d\uff08\u7ef4\u62a4\uff09\u548c\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6ca1\u6709\u989d\u5916\u5904\u7406\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u77ed\u65f6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u8861\u91cf<\/span>[<\/span>\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u597d\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u65b9\u6848\u5e94\u5f53\u5177\u5907\u54ea\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8bfe\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u590d\u6742\u8ba4\u77e5\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u548c\u667a\u5546\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u80fd\u591f\u53cd\u6620\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u5177\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u662f\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\u534f\u8c03\u591a\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u80fd\u529b; \u4e14\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u5728\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u5dee\u5f02\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u5176\u4ed6\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u65f6\uff09\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u9650\u4e8e\uff09\u989d\u53f6\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u8bd5\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5bb9\u91cf\u6781\u9650capacity limit\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d44\u6e90\u6c60\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u5f81\u4ee5\u53ca\u5904\u7406\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u82e5\u4e0d\u53cd\u590d\u5237\u65b0\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u51e0\u79d2\u5185\u8870\u9000\u3002\u53c8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5237\u65b0\u901f\u7387\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7ef4\u6301\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5bb9\u91cf\u6781\u9650\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4e92\u76f8\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8870\u53d8\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6216\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u8870\u9000 decay\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8870\u9000\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u65ad\u5237\u65b0\u6765\u904f\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u81ea\u77ed\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5b83\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u591a\u5143\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8870\u51cf\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u6700\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u5171\u4eab\u6a21\u578b time-based resource sharing model\u201d\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4e0d\u65ad\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u6301\u7eed\u5237\u65b0\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u800c\u5237\u65b0\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u5e73\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u2014\u2014\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u5f53\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u65f6\uff0c\u5237\u65b0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6b64\u65f6\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u6d4b\u9057\u5fd8\u91cf\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6240\u9700\u5373\u65f6\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bc6\u5ea6\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u201d\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6267\u884c\u7684\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u6dfb\u52a0\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6bcf\u534a\u79d2\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u4f1a\u6bd4\u6bcf\u4e24\u79d2\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df4\u9c81\u8036 Barrouillet \u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u8bc1\u660e\u5b57\u6bcd\u5217\u8868\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u6216\u8005\u5904\u7406\u7684\u603b\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8d1f\u8377\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba resource theories\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7531\u50a8\u5b58\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8868\u5f81\u6240\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u6709\u9650\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u5b66\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5047\u8bbe\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4f1a\u5360\u7528\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8d44\u6e90;\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b58\u50a8\u80fd\u529b\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u88ab\u5e76\u53d1\u5904\u7406\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u51cf\u5f31\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f\u5730\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7b80\u5355\u89c6\u89c9\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u989c\u8272\u6216\u6761\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u8fd8\u662f\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u518d\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4efb\u610f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6,\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u7684\u201c\u69fd\u201d,\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5185\u5b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e00\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee,\u53ea\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u7ea6\u4e3a3\u9879\uff09\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5e72\u6d89\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u6781\u9650<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

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\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5bb9\u91cf\u5728\u513f\u7ae5\u65f6\u671f\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5728\u8001\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u9010\u6e10\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u513f\u7ae5\u671f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u8001\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4eba\u8fdb\u5165\u8001\u5e74\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u6240\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u63d0\u59c6 \u00b7 \u8428\u5c14\u7279\u8c6a\u65af Tim Salthouse \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u8001\u5316\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u901f\u5ea6\u7406\u8bba processing speed theory\u3002\u666e\u904d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u589e\u957f\u800c\u6ede\u7f13\u3002\u6240\u4ee5Salthouse \u8ba4\u4e3a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5176\u6709\u6548\u5bb9\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8001\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u901f\u5ea6\u6bd4\u901f\u5ea6\u672c\u8eab\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u7433\u6069\u00b7\u54c8\u4ec0\u5c14 Lynn Hasher \u548c \u7f57\u4e1d\u00b7\u624e\u514b Rose Zacks \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6291\u5236\u5047\u8bf4 inhibition hypothesis\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u6392\u9664\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5bb9\u91cf\u3002\u8001\u5e74\u6291\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u6291\u5236\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u80fd\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u97e6\u65af\u7279 West\u5bf9\u8001\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8870\u9000\u5219\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u968f\u7740\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u6bd4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8870\u9000\u3002\u7531\u8870\u8001\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8870\u9000\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7ecf\u9885\u523a\u6fc0\u540c\u6b65\u5316\u989d\u53f6\u6216\u5de6\u4fa7\u989e\u53f6\u8282\u5f8b\u6765\u77ed\u671f\u9006\u8f6c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6258\u514b\u5c14 \u00b7 \u514b\u6797\u4f2f\u683c Torkel Klingberg \u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f3a\u5316\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660eADHD\u60a3\u8005\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7535\u8111\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f97\u5230\u6539\u5584\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bad\u7ec3 Working Memory Training\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u53ca IQ \u6d4b\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e4b\u540e\u8111\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5916\u76ae\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u88ab\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u2014\u2014\u7684\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u6d4b\u5ea6\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bad\u7ec3\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u548c\u9876\u53f6\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u53d7\u4f53(\u7279\u522b\u662f DRD1)\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u8bad\u7ec3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u518d\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u76ca\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u4efd\u835f\u8403\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u81f32011\u5e74\u7684Klingberg \u8bad\u7ec3\u5bf9\u667a\u529b\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u53ea\u6709\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6(\u53cc n-back \u4efb\u52a1 The Dual n-back Task)\u8bad\u7ec3\u4f7f\u5065\u5eb7\u9752\u5e74\u5728\u6d41\u4f53\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u6709\u6240\u63d0\u5347\u30022010\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 n-back \u4efb\u52a1\u8bad\u7ec3\u63d0\u9ad8\u6d41\u4f53\u667a\u529b\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u88ab\u518d\u6b21\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4f462012\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u672a\u80fd\u91cd\u73b0\u90a3\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u7528\u5143\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u7ea630\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u6548\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u667a\u529b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5143\u5206\u6790\u5728\u67d0\u70b9\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4: \u8bad\u7ec3\u5927\u6982\u7387\u53ea\u4f1a\u6709\u5f88\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6700\u521d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5bf9\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa30\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u96c5\u5404\u5e03\u68ee Jacobsen\u548c\u5bcc\u5c14\u987f Fulton\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u56e0PFC\u800c\u51cf\u635f\u3002\u534e\u91d1 \u00b7 \u798f\u65af\u7279 Joaquin Fuster\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e86\u7334\u5b50\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5339\u914d\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6 PFC \u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7535\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u676f\u5b50\uff0c\u7334\u5b50\u770b\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4eba\u5458\u628a\u4e00\u70b9\u98df\u7269\u653e\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u9762\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6321\u677f\u964d\u4e0b\uff0c\u6682\u65f6\u6321\u4f4f\u7334\u5b50\u770b\u5411\u676f\u5b50\u7684\u89c6\u7ebf\uff08\u5ef6\u8fdf\u53d8\u91cf\uff09\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u6321\u677f\u6253\u5f00\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7334\u5b50\u4ece\u676f\u5b50\u4e0b\u9762\u53d6\u51fa\u98df\u7269\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5b83\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u2014\u2014\u8981\u6c42\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u671f\u5185\u7ef4\u6301\u5bf9\u98df\u7269\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002Fuster\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u671f\u95f4\uff0cPFC\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e86\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5b83\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5728\u9694\u79bb\u671f\u95f4\u5bf9\u98df\u7269\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u540e\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42 posterior parietal cortex\u3001\u4e18\u8111 thalamus\u3001\u5c3e\u72b6\u6838 caudate\u548c\u82cd\u767d\u7403 globus pallidus\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u6d3b\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u9ad8\u5fb7\u9a6c\u30fb\u62c9\u9f50\u514b Goldman-Rakic \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u810a\u9ad3\u80cc\u5916\u4fa7\u7684PFC\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cPFC\u5185\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5fae\u56de\u8def\u51ed\u501f\u53cd\u590d\u5174\u594b\u7684\u9525\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u8c37\u6c28\u9178\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5ef6\u8fdf\u671f\u95f4\u662f\u6301\u7eed\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de\u8def\u7531GABA\u80fd\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4fa7\u6291\u5236\u8c03\u8282\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8282\u6027\u5524\u8d77\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9PFC\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd; \u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fc7\u591a\u6216\u8fc7\u5c11\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u6216\u53bb\u7532\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\u7d20\u4f1a\u51cf\u635fPFC\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u653e\u7535\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u5ef6\u8fdf\u671f\u95f4\u67d0\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6301\u7eed\u653e\u7535\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u80fd\u4f7f\u5728\u65e0\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8868\u5f81\u4f9d\u65e7\u4fdd\u6301\u6d3b\u8dc3\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u7ef4\u62a4\u591a\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5757\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u5757\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u548c\u7279\u6027\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea2\u8272\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eff\u8272\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u4fdd\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u201d\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u7eff\u8272\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u201d\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u8be5\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8ba9\u8868\u73b0\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u5757\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u5757\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5219\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8868\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8868\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u5408\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b66\u754c\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u636e\u63a8\u6d4b\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u5173\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u6fc0\u6d3b\u662f\u5728\u03b8\u6ce2\u6bb5 theta band (4\u30fc8\u8d6b\u5179)\u632f\u8361\u3002\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u03b8\u9891\u7387\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u786e\u5b9e\u968f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8d1f\u8377\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5f53\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bb0\u4f4f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u5934\u9aa8\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u6d4b\u91cf\u5230\u7684 \u03b8 \u6ce2\u6bb5\u7684\u632f\u8361\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u534f\u8c03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8111\u5185\u5b9a\u4f4d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u8111\u6210\u50cf brain imaging\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08PET\u548cfMRI\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba9\u4eba\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u5b9a\u4f4d\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u5b9ePFC\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u786e\u5b9e\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u5927\u591a\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8179\u5916\u4fa7\u533a\uff08\u5373\u8f83\u4f4e\u533a\u57df\uff09\u548c\u80cc\u5916\u4fa7\u533a\uff08\u8f83\u9ad8\u533a\u57df\uff09\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4f53\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u80cc\u5916\u4fa7\u8111\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5916\u76ae\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u80cc\u5916\u4fa7\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u8179\u5916\u4fa7\u533a\u8d1f\u8d23\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5219\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u8bf4 functional distinction\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8179\u5916\u4fa7\u533a\u57df\u4e3b\u8981\u8d1f\u8d23\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u80cc\u5916\u4fa7\u533a\u57df\u5219\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8d1f\u8d23\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5904\u7406\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5206\u6b67\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f7b\u5e95\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u8bf4\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8ePFC\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u533a\u57df\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4efb\u52a1\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u53f3\u534a\u7403\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u7269\u4f53\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u534a\u7403\u533a\u57df\u3002\u975e\u6587\u5b57\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5728\u5de6\u540e\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u53cd\u6620\u7ef4\u6301\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u5de6\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u6b21\u58f0\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08\u5df2\u77e5\u4e0e\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u5173\u7684Broca\u533a\u57df\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4eba\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662fPFC\u9876\u53f6\u533a\u57df\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6240\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u88ab\u610f\u5916\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9885\u78c1\u523a\u6fc0\uff08TMS\uff09\u6682\u65f6\u963b\u6b62\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4efb\u52a1\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u635f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u9700\u8981\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0cPFC\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cPFC\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\u4ee5\u53ca\u64cd\u7eb5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u62a4\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u7ef4\u62a4\u529f\u80fd\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7531\u5927\u8111\u540e\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u8d1f\u8d23\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u628a\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u57282003\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u5bf960\u9879\u795e\u7ecf\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5143\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5de6\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f4e\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u800c\u53f3\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u53c2\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u7f57\u5fb7\u66fc\u5927\u8111\u4e0a\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df(BAs)\u76846\u30018\u30019\u53f7\u53c2\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u6301\u7279\u5b9a\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u8179\u4fa7\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u53f3\u5e03\u7f57\u5fb7\u66fc10\u548c47\u53f7\u533a\u57df\u8f83\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u9700\u8981\u53cc\u91cd\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u5fc3\u7406\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u540e\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u7f57\u5fb7\u66fc7\u53f7\u533a\u57df\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u7684\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u79cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u4e24\u7c7b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u989d\u53f6\u548c\u9876\u53f6\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9996\u5148\u662f\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u9879\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5176\u6b21\u662f\u66f4\u6539\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u66f4\u65b0\u64cd\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u989d\u4e0a\u6c9f superior frontal sulcus\u5c3e\u90e8\u548c\u540e\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u8d28 posterior parietal cortex\u7684\u77ed\u6682\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u64cd\u4f5c\u968f\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u989d\u4e0a\u6c9f\u548c\u540e\u6263\u5e26\u56de\/\u6954\u524d\u53f6\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8981\u60f3\u9610\u660e\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5ef6\u8fdf\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u6216 n-back \u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u523a\u6fc0\u90fd\u9700\u4e0e\u8be5\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2an\u6b65\u540e\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u53ea\u9700\u4e8c\u9009\u4e00\u6309\u952e\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5934\u90e8\u626b\u63cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4f4d\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u56de\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9605\u8bfb\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u56de\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u80fd\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53cd\u6620\u76f8\u540c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u529b\u6781\u9650\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8111\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdb\u884c\u9605\u8bfb\u5e7f\u5ea6\u4efb\u52a1\u6216\u76f8\u5173\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4efb\u52a1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cPFC\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u524d\u6263\u5e26\u76ae\u5c42 anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4e5f\u6709\u6240\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u6d3b\u6027\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u4e14\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u534f\u8c03\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u533a\u57df\u95f4\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027 \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u8d28\u57fa\u5e95\u8282\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6a21\u578b Prefrontal Cortex Basal Ganglia Working Memory (PBWM)\u662f\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5916\u76ae\u4e0e\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u534f\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u6d88\u878d\u6280\u672f ablation techniques\u6cbb\u7597\u8111\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5916\u76ae\u548c\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u53d7\u635f\u3001\u766b\u75eb\u53d1\u4f5c\u60a3\u8005\u7b49\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u635f\u5bb3\u4f7f\u5f97\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u53d7\u635f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u5bf9\u56e0\u670d\u7528\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa methamphetamine\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u8111\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bad\u7ec3\u540e\u6210\u529f\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u538b\u529b\u6548\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6025\u6027\u548c\u6162\u6027\u5fc3\u7406\u538b\u529b\u90fd\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u8fd9\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u5b89\u65af\u767b Arnsten \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5e94\u6fc0\u8bf1\u5bfcPFC\u4e2d\u513f\u8336\u915a\u80fa catecholamine\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u53ef\u8fc5\u901f\u964d\u4f4ePFC\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u653e\u7535\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u524d\u9988\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8def\u635f\u5bb3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u957f\u671f\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7f3a\u9677\u548c\u989d\u5916\u7684PFC\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u2014\u2014\u5305\u62ec\u6811\u7a81\u840e\u7f29\u548c\u810a\u67f1\u4e27\u5931\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6291\u5236\u86cb\u767d\u6fc0\u9176C\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u9884\u9632\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u6025\u6027\u538b\u529b\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u51cf\u5c11\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4ePFC\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u538b\u529b\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u513f\u8336\u915a\u80fa\u6c34\u5e73\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u8003\u8bd5\u540e\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\u5176PFC\u529f\u80fd\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u538b\u529b\u5bf9PFC\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4f55\u538b\u529b\u4f1a\u52a0\u91cd\u751a\u81f3\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4eba\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u538b\u529b\u8d8a\u5927\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u7b80\u5355\u8ba4\u77e5\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u4f4e\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u8d1f\u9762\u601d\u60f3\u5165\u4fb5\u7ec3\u4e60\u7684\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u660e\u663e\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\uff0c\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001(\u79ef\u6781\u6216\u6d88\u6781)\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u9152\u7cbe\u6548\u679c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u9157\u9152\u4f1a\u635f\u4f24\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u635f\u5bb3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u9152\u7cbe\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8840\u6c27\u6c34\u5e73\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027 Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent\uff08BOLD\uff09\u53cd\u5e94\u3002BOLD\u53cd\u5e94\u628a\u8840\u6c27\u542b\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5176\u6210\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6307\u6807\u3002\u5728\u6267\u884c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\uff0cBOLD\u53cd\u5e94\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u8111\u7684\u57fa\u5e95\u795e\u7ecf\u8282\u548c\u4e18\u8111\u7b49\u533a\u57df\u3002\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c31\u559d\u9152\u7684\u9752\u5c11\u5e74BOLD\u53cd\u5e94\u76f8\u5e94\u8f83\u4f4e\u3002\u7279\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u9152\u7cbe\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u6027\u5728\u6267\u884c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u65f6\u9876\u53f6\u548c\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684BOLD\u53cd\u5e94\u8f83\u5f31\u3002\u9157\u9152\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u8868\u73b0\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u2014\u2014\u7279\u522b\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9152\u7cbe\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u9152\u540e\u7684\u975e\u6587\u5b57\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u7a7a\u95f4\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u5b8c\u6210\u5f97\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u5dee\uff08\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdf\u7f13\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5e74\u9f84\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u9152\u7cbe\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bc6\u522b\u4e2a\u522b\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u5173\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u591a\u6210\u5206\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5019\u9009\u57fa\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5373\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u56de\u8defROBO1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u4e0e\u8bc6\u5b57\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u6210\u679c\u76f8\u5173\u30021980\u5e74Daneman \u548c\u5361\u670b\u7279 Carpenter\u9996\u6b21\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u548c\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u8bc1\u636e\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5728\u540e\u6765\u51e0\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5143\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002\u968f\u540e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u80fd\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5b69\u5b505\u5c81\u65f6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u667a\u5546\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u672a\u6765\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u5730\u66f4\u597d\u4f9d\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u7b5b\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u73ed\u6559\u5b66\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5341\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u60a3\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5728\u5b66\u672f\u6210\u5c31\u4e0a\u4e4f\u5584\u53ef\u9648\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0e\u667a\u5546\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6807\u51c6\u628a\u6700\u65e9\u57287\u5c81\u5c31\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u4f4e\u6210\u5c31\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b69\u5b50\u5c31\u4f1a\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u540c\u9f84\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf937\u540d\u5177\u6709\u663e\u8457\u5b66\u4e60\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5b66\u9f84\u513f\u7ae5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u57fa\u7ebf\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\uff08\u800c\u975e\u667a\u5546\uff09\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u4e24\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4f4e\u5206\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u969c\u788d\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6559\u80b2\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u9ad8\u98ce\u9669\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5728\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u969c\u788d\u7684\u513f\u7ae5\u4e2d(\u5982\u8bf5\u8bfb\u56f0\u96be dyslexia\u3001\u591a\u52a8\u75c7 ADHD\u548c\u5931\u7528\u75c7)\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8f83\u4f73\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8868\u73b0\u4e0e\u80fd\u5426\u5ffd\u7565\u5e72\u6270\u96c6\u4e2d\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e8e\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u8bad\u7ec3\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u591f\u6539\u5584\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u80fd\u529b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9762\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u523a\u6fc0\u4eba\u80fd\u5426\u63a7\u5236\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u63a7\u5236\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e9b\u523a\u6fc0\u5f80\u5f80\u56e0\u5176\u611f\u5b98\u663e\u8457\u6027\uff08\u5982\u6551\u62a4\u8f66\u8b66\u62a5\u5668\uff09\u800c\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u8d28(PFC)\u201c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u201d\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u53f7\u504f\u597d\u4e8e\u5728\u540e\u76ae\u8d28\u533a\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u76ae\u5c42\u4e0b\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u521d\u7ea7\u611f\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u9a71\u52a8\u7740\u7531\u663e\u8457\u523a\u6fc0\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8fc7\u5ea6\u96c6\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u80fd\u529b\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8d77\u5230\u9884\u671f\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u901a\u5e38\u89c1\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u75be\u75c5:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7f3a\u9677\u591a\u52a8\u969c\u788d\uff08ADHD\uff09: \u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\uff0cADHD \u6e90\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a \u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd Executive Function (EF)\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u53cd\u5e94\u6291\u5236\u6216\u6267\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u2014\u7684\u539f\u53d1\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u51e0\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u5143\u5206\u6790\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4efb\u52a1\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u51e0\u9879EF\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0cADHD\u7fa4\u4f53\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662fEF\u7f3a\u9677\u65e2\u4e0d\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5f15\u53d1\u6240\u6709\u7684ADHD\u75c5\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u548c\u8c37\u6c28\u9178\u76d0\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u53ef\u80fd\u90fd\u4e0eADHD\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4e0e\u989d\u53f6\u5927\u8111\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u5b9a\u5411 self-direction\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282 self-regulation\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c1a\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u786e\u8ba4\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u969c\u788d\u5bfc\u81f4 ADHD\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5206\u6563\u5bfc\u81f4ADHD\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u4f4e\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5 Parkinson’s Disease: \u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8bed\u8a00\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u51cf\u9000\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u79cd\u51cf\u5c11\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\u592a\u5c0f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf921\u540d\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u4e0e28\u540d\u540c\u9f84\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u51cf\u9000\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c5 Alzheimer’s Disease: \u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u968f\u7740\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u75c5\u60c5\u7684\u52a0\u91cd\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u9488\u5bf9\u8001\u9f20\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u6ce8\u5c04\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u53d1\u7c7b\u963f\u5c14\u8328\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u836f\u7269\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u5219\u4e0d\u6ce8\u5c04\u836f\u7269\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u7a7f\u8d8a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff7\u5bab\uff0c\u5373\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u56de\u7b54\u963f\u5c14\u5179\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u635f\u5bb3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6d88\u9664\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u6c0f\u75c5 Huntington’s Disease: \u4e00\u7ec4\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e3a\u671f30\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7eb5\u5411\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5173\u8054\u6027\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ea8\u5ef7\u987f\u75c7\u60a3\u8005\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u5173\u8054\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u7167\u7ec4\u529f\u80fd\u6b63\u5e38\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/580<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u5229\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6a21\u62df\u4eba\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5206\u652f\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u8c03\u5bf9\u771f\u5b9e\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u548c\u4eff\u771f\u3002\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5c06\u4ece\u5de5\u4f5c\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u573a\u666f\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4e3a\u60a8\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f2d\u5143\u5143\uff1a\u52a8\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u8fd0\u52a8\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u673a\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/1887<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u662f\u8981\u6574\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4eff\u771f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9a\u91cf\u5316\u3001\u7cbe\u786e\u5316\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5316\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u548c\u9610\u660e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u3002\u9610\u660e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u539f\u7406\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u5c55\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u4e3a\u201c\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u5960\u5b9a\u575a\u5b9e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u7406\u5230\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/600<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5148\u4ece\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u63a8\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff1b\u5176\u540e\u5f15\u51fa\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u91cc\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u201c\u81ea\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u53caTransformer\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u8fd9\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u548c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6709\u5ba1\u6821\u3001\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3001\u7f16\u8f91\u3001\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b49\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79c9\u6301\uff1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u4ece\u6211\u800c\u6765\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u6211\u4e3a\u6b62\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u8ba4\u771f\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f16\u64b0\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6761\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u53d1\u4e0e\u4f19\u4f34\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u4f7f\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u5185\u5bb9\u5f97\u5230\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u5956\u52b1\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0e\u8d21\u732e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n