{"id":33366,"date":"2022-03-26T21:15:01","date_gmt":"2022-03-26T13:15:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33366"},"modified":"2022-03-26T21:15:01","modified_gmt":"2022-03-26T13:15:01","slug":"%e7%83%ad%e6%92%ad%e5%89%a7%e3%80%8a%e4%ba%ba%e4%b8%96%e9%97%b4%e3%80%8b%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33366","title":{"rendered":"\u70ed\u64ad\u5267\u300a\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Irvinechenlong<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

CAM\u4f20\u4e60\u5f55<\/span> | \u6765\u6e90<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5ed6\u6234\u4e3d<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong>
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1.<\/strong><\/strong> \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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2.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span>\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7279\u6027\uff08Small World Theory\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u7684Erd\u0151s \u6570\u4e3a4\uff1aErd\u00f6s \u2192Barak \u2192Saylor \u2192Holst \u2192Chen<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u7684\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6570\u4e3a6\uff1aEinstein \u2192Bergmann \u2192Lebowitz \u2192Collet \u2192Titi \u2192Holst \u2192Chen<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ee5\u4e0a\u662f\u4e3e\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u8bc1\u660e\u3002Watts \u548c Strogatz 1998 \u5e74\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Watts, D. J.; Strogatz, S. H. <\/span>(1998).<\/span> “Collective dynamics of ‘small-world’ networks” . Nature. 393<\/span> <\/span>(6684):<\/span> 440\u2013442. Cited by 48475<\/span><\/section>\n

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Watts \u548c Strogatz \u8868\u660e\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4e8elnN\/lnK \uff0c\u5176\u4e2d N= \u603b\u8282\u70b9\uff0cK=\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u719f\u4eba\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662fN=3 \u4ebf\uff0cK=30\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6 =19.5\/3.4=5.7 \uff0c\u5982\u679c N=60\u4ebf<\/span>\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u7684 90%\uff0c \u53bb\u6389 10% \u8fde\u63a5\u5ea6\u592a\u5c11\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\uff09<\/span>\u4e14 K=30\uff0c\u5219\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6 =22\/3.4=6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/strong><\/span>\u805a\u7c7b\uff1a\u5c0f\u56e2\u4f53\u548c\u793e\u533a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u793e\u533a\u7ed3\u6784 <\/span>(community structure) <\/span>\u662f\u6307\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5212\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7ec4\uff0c\u7ec4\u5185\u8fde\u63a5\u5bc6\u96c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec4\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u7a00\u758f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u9636\u5c42\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd8\u662f\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5415\u5ddd\u548c\u5411\u9633\uff0c\u5468\u84c9\u3001\u5468\u6960\u3001\u51af\u73a5\u3001\u5468\u806a\u3001\u5b59\u80dc\u90fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8bfb\u4e66\uff0c\u8d70\u51fa\u4e86\u5149\u5b57\u7247\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u653f\u6cbb\u5c11\u8c08\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56de\u5230\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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4.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/span>Power Law\uff08\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u6027\u662f Power law\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u70b9\u76f8\u90bb\u8fb9\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u8981\u76f8\u4e92\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f15\u5165\u51fd\u6570 f(x)\uff1a\u81ea\u53d8\u91cf x\u662f\u9876\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u6570\uff0cf(x)\u662f\u5ea6\u6570\u4e3a x \u7684\u9876\u70b9\u6570\u3002\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u662f\u6307 f(x)\u221d x\u02c9k,\u5176\u4e2dk \u662f\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u521d\u4e2d\u5c31\u5b66\u8fc7\u7684 f(x)=1\/x \uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94 k=1\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5ea6\u5206\u5e03\u6ee1\u8db32<k<3 \u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u6570\u90fd\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u5373\u597d\u53cb\u6570\u5f88\u5c11\uff1b\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u6709\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5ea6\u6570\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u9ad8\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u5ea6\u9ad8\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aHUB\uff0c\u800c\u5f88\u591a\u7684\u4f4e\u5ea6\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u5b50\u56fe<\/span>\uff08\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u56e2\u548c\u793e\u533a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7HUB\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u3002HUB\u662f\u9020\u6210\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u300a\u4eba\u4e16\u95f4\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8521\u6653\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2aHUB\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5468\u79c9\u6606\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2aHUB\uff0c\u79c9\u6606 \u2192\u79c9\u4e49 \u2192\u51ac\u6885 \u2192\u90dd\u7701\u957f\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8fde\u63a5: \u79c9\u6606 \u2192\u66f2\u8001\u592a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u6709\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f18\u5148\u9644\u7740\u539f\u7406\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u589e\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u66f4\u613f\u610f\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u8282\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u65b0\u589e\u70b9\u4e0e\u539f\u6765\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u70b9\u76f8\u8fde\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u8fde\u4e0a\u7684\u7ebf\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u65b0\u6765\u7684\u70b9\u8fde\u4e0a\u5b83\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8fde\u4e0a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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5.<\/strong><\/strong> <\/span><\/strong>\u4e8c\u516b\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u957f\u5c3e\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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Power law \u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u7edf\u8ba1\u91cf\u90fd\u670d\u4ece power law\u3002\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f15\u5165\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\uff11\uff19\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff12\uff10\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u5c31\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6b64\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u88ab\u53eb\u505a\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u5b9a\u5f8b Pareto principle\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff1a\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u670d\u4ece power law\uff0c\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u53eb\uff1a\u4e8c\u516b\u6cd5\u5219\u300220% \u7684\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u4e86 80% \u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0b\u56fe\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u6309\u7167\u8d22\u5bcc\u6765\u6392\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7eff\u8272\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\u53ea\u6709 20%<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u6a2a\u8f74\u4e0a\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u5927\u6982\u662f\u9ec4\u8272\u533a\u95f4\u957f\u5ea6\u76841\/4\uff09<\/span>, \u4f46\u7eff\u8272\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9762\u79ef\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u5bcc\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5374\u5360\u4e86\u603b\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684 80%.<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u79d1\u6280\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c20%\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u5c31\u5360\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u5f15\u7528\u6570\u7684 80%\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u540c\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u6362\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u90fd\u662f\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\uff0c\u6709 20%\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u4e0d\u9519\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c 80%\u7684\u8425\u4e1a\u989d\u662f20%\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u4fa7\u91cd\u5934\u90e8 20%\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u8fd8\u662f\u5c3e\u90e8\u53ea\u5360\u8425\u4e1a\u989d 20% \u7684\u5546\u54c1\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7b54\u6848\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u663e\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u663e\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u8d44\u6e90\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4ea7\u751f  80%\u6548\u76ca\u7684\u90a3 20%\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\uff0c\u7eb5\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u9500\u91cf\uff0c\u6a2a\u5750\u6807\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u4e8c\u516b\u6cd5\u5219\u8bf4\uff0c 20%\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5360\u636e\u4e86 80% \u7684\u9500\u91cf\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u5546\u4e1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6240\u770b\u4e2d\u7684\u662f  20% \u7684\u5927\u4f17\u6d88\u8d39\u54c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2004\u5e74\u300a\u8fde\u7ebf\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7f16\u8f91\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201c\u957f\u5c3e\u7406\u8bba\u201c\u30022006 \u5e74\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u300a\u957f\u5c3e\uff1a\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u672a\u6765\u662f\u79ef\u5c11\u6210\u591a <\/span>(Selling Less of More)<\/span> \u300b\u3002”\u957f\u5c3e\u7406\u8bba”\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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80%\u6b21\u8981\u7528\u6237\u7684\u90a3\u6839”\u957f\u5c3e\u5df4”\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n
\u5728\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u6210\u672c\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5546\u54c1\u6bd4\u5982\u6b4c\u66f2\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u4e66\u7b49\u7b49\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ed3\u50a8\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u5c31\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5c3e\u90e8\u5ba2\u6237\u9500\u552e\u989d\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6ee1\u8db3\u5c0f\u4f17\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u957f\u5c3e\u5df4\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e3b\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u5728Amazon\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u627e\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4e66\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8fd9\u6839\u957f\u5c3e\u5df4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u9500\u552e\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e66\u5e97\u4e2d\u53d7\u4ed3\u50a8\u6210\u672c\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u4e66\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837 Amazon \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u6f5c\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u9500\u552e\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4ece\u56fe\u4e0a\u6765\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u539f\u6765\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u66f2\u7ebf\u7a0d\u5fae\u62ac\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e00\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6536\u76ca\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5c31\u4e0d\u518d\u662f 20% \u4e86\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7 50%\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c3e\u90e8\u5f88\u957f\u5f88\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u96c6\u667a\u8bfe\u5802\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u5230\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528
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\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u7279\u9080\u9648\u5173\u8363\u3001\u6a0a\u745b\u3001\u5468\u8fdb\u3001\u674e\u7fd4\u3001\u5f20\u6c5f\u3001\u95eb\u5c0f\u52c7\u3001\u5218\u5b97\u534e\u3001\u77f3\u5ddd\u3001\u865e\u6587\u6b66\u3001\u8d75\u6d77\u5174\u3001\u53f2\u5b9a\u534e\u52a0\u5165\u6253\u9020<\/span>\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/a>\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u70b9\u51fb\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ece\u6570\u5b66\u5efa\u6a21\u5230\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u5e94\u7528\u2014\u2014\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u00b7\u96c6\u667a\u8bfe\u5802\u5168\u65b0\u5347\u7ea7<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n