{"id":33487,"date":"2022-03-30T18:56:04","date_gmt":"2022-03-30T10:56:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33487"},"modified":"2022-03-30T18:56:04","modified_gmt":"2022-03-30T10:56:04","slug":"%e6%b6%8c%e7%8e%b0%ef%bc%9a21%e4%b8%96%e7%ba%aa%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%bb%e9%a2%98","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33487","title":{"rendered":"\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u4e3b\u9898"},"content":{"rendered":"
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<\/strong>\u4ece\u9e1f\u7fa4\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u8424\u706b\u866b\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u8682\u8681\u7fa4\u843d\u5230\u5b87\u5b99\u5b87\u5b99\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3002\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4eba David Pines \u57282014\u5e74\u66fe\u64b0\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u662f\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u68a6\u60f3\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u6d8c\u73b0\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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David Pines<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u90ed\u745e\u4e1c<\/span> | \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe1. \u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6052\u661f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e26\u6709\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u661f\u4e91\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aDreamstime.com<\/span><\/p>\n


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1. <\/strong><\/strong>\u4ece\u6d8c\u73b0\u5230\u590d\u6742\u518d\u5230\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5728\u51761984\u5e74\u521b\u59cb\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u201d<\/span>\uff08Emerging Syntheses in Science\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4f4d\u6f14\u8bb2\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u5904\u7406\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5bfb\u627e\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u7406[1]\u3002\u5728\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6210\u5458\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6210\u5458\u68a6\u60f3\u7740\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1993\u5e74\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u578b\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u754c\u5b9a\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5176\u6700\u521d\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5408\u96c6\u300a\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff1a\u9690\u55bb\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u300b<\/span>\uff08Complexity: Metaphors, Models, and Reality<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u6697\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7edf\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u88ab\u629b\u5f03\u4e86[2]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6 Stanislaw Ulam\uff0c\u5728\u4ed61984\u5e74\u53bb\u4e16\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u521a\u521a\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u8bf4\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4ed6\u5df2\u7ecf\u6452\u5f03\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u524d\u8eab\uff0c\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u79f0\u5176\u4e3a\u201c\u975e\u5927\u8c61\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u7ed3\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f1a\u8005\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5f88\u96be\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6216\u8bb8\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u505a\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff1a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u9e1f\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5373\u9e1f\u7c7b\u5728\u98de\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u662f\u9e1f\u7c7b\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u534f\u8c03\u548c\u9886\u5bfc\u65f6\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u7b80\u5355\u89c4\u5219\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u4e4b\u5185\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u9762\u5411\u5927\u4f17\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u4ece\u6df7\u6c8c\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u300b<\/span>\uff08Emergence: From Chaos to Order<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u8896\u4e4b\u4e00\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u5170\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08John Holland\uff09<\/span>\u5199\u5230\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7b49\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u4fc3\u6210\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u51fa\u7248\u7684 \u300a\u4e07\u7269\u6d8c\u73b0\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u7684\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Emergence of Everything: How the World Became Complex<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u65e9\u671f\u77e5\u8bc6\u9886\u8896\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u83ab\u6d1b\u7ef4\u8328<\/span>\uff08Harold Morowitz\uff09<\/span>\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u90a3\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u672a\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u5230\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0 \uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u6765\u81ea\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e24\u7bc7\u9762\u5411\u666e\u901a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u4e00\u7bc7\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5148\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u7684\u8bba\u6587 More is different<\/em> \u5199\u5728\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6210\u7acb\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/a><\/span>\uff08Philip Anderson\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u62401984\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4e0e\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u80af \u00b7 \u963f\u7f57\uff08Ken Arrow\uff09\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u6301\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63cf\u8ff0\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u300228\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u548c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bb6 R.B. Laughlin \u5199\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7bc7\u76f8\u5173\u6587\u7ae0 The Theory of everything<\/em>\u3002\u4e24\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u90fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7528\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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Laughlin \u548c\u6211\u6307\u51fa\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u8005\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u4e07\u7269\u7406\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u68a6\u60f3\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u53d6\u800c\u4ee3\u4e4b\u7684\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7 \u00b7 \u8d39\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Richard Feynman\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u53e5\u540d\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u751f\u547d\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6446\u52a8\u548c\u6643\u52a8\u3002\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u539f\u5b50\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148 LUCA \u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u968f\u540e35\u4ebf\u5e74\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u652f\u914d\u5f53\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5374\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u5f0f\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u5bfb\u6c42\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u5bb6\u5ead\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u7ed3\u5c3e\u5199\u9053\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u5199\u4e0b\u7ec8\u6781\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0821\u4e16\u7eaa\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u597d\u662f\u574f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u4ece\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\uff09\u5230\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u575a\u5b9e\u5730\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5176\u80fd\u4e3a\u65b0\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3001\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u53ca\u667a\u6167\u63d0\u4f9b\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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2. <\/strong><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7edf\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5019\u9009\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6982\u5ff5\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u7fa4\u4f53\/\u793e\u533a\/\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u5219\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4fc3\u6210\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u9996\u521b\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7fa4\u4f53<\/span>\uff08group-based\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56e0\u6b64\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u8003\u53e4\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7b56\u7565\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c:<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u4f7f\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7269\u4f53\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u6216\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u6784\u9020\u5e76\u6c42\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8054\u7cfb\u7eb3\u5165\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u4ee5\u524d\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6982\u5ff5\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5c06\u4f60\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


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    3. <\/strong><\/strong>\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6700\u8fd1\u7531\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u65b0\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u300a\u590d\u6742\u300b<\/span>\uff08Complexity: A Guided Tour<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u5f97 Phi Beta Kappa \u5956\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u7531\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6885\u5170\u59ae \u00b7 \u7c73\u5207\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Melanie Mitchell\uff09<\/span>\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u4ecb\u7ecd\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u53ca\u5176\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u5f0f\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\u201c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5165\u95e8\u201d<\/span>\uff08Introduction to Complexity\uff0ccomplexityexplorer.org\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7528\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u5757\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5728\u300a\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u300b<\/span>\uff08Spin Glasses and Complexity<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d \uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8054\u5e2d\u4e3b\u5e2d Dan Stein \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u8457\u8005\u3001\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6b27\u6587\u5206\u6821\u7684 Charles Newman \u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u901a\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\uff0c\u78c1\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\u968f\u673a\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6b63\u5982 Stein \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u5bfc\u5e08\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Phil Anderson\uff09<\/span>\u57281984\u5e74\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u4e0a\u505a\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u4ee5\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u6982\u5ff5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9886\u57df\u5305\u62ec\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u540e\u6765 Physics Today<\/em> \u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u4e66\u8bc4 [6] \u5c06\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5217\u8868\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u3002\u963b\u632b<\/span>\uff08Frustration\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u7483\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0cPeter Wolynes \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u300a\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u963b\u9519\u300b<\/span>\uff08Frustration in Biomolecules<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5168\u9762\u7684\u56de\u987e [7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
                   <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    \u56fe4. \u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u96ea\u82b1 | \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aWilson Bentley<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3e\u529e\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u822c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7531 Simon Levin\u3001\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u7684 Carl Simon \u548c\u6211\u5171\u540c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u201d\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a<\/span>\uff082007\u5e7412\u6708\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u83f2\u5229\u666e\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u548c John Hopfield\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5176\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d Jerry Sabloff\u3002\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u7531 ICAM <\/span>\uff08Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u7269\u8d28\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff09<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u529e \uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u673a\u6784\u3002ICAM \u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u3001\u8f6f\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u6d3b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7b56\u7565\u53d7\u5230\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u7531 Laughlin \u548c\u6211\u5408\u8457\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u542f\u53d1\u30022013\u5e749\u6708\uff0cICAM \u4e0e\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5171\u540c\u4e3b\u529e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8def\u5f84\u201d \uff0c\u7531\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u79d1\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u970d\u5170\u3001Simon Levin\u3001Don Saari \u548c\u6211 [8]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u5411\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4ee5\u79d1\u5b66\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u201d\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7ec8\u6781\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u5904\u7406\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\u6216\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u653f\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span>\u8fd9\u662f\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6311\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e3a\u51b3\u7b56\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    4. <\/strong><\/strong>\u6d8c\u73b0\u3001\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u4e00<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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    20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6301\u7eed\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u5bfb\u627e\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8457\u540d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6 Philipp Frank \u5c31\u662f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u6b64\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed61957\u5e74\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u9000\u4f11\uff0cFrank\u66fe\u7ecf\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u540c\u4e8b Gerald Holton \u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5411\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7406\u89e3 \u201d\uff0c\u5728\u520a\u4e8e2004\u5e74\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5f55\u4e2d [9]\uff0cHolton \u5982\u6b64\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u201c\u5728\u90a3\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8<\/span>\uff08Robert Oppenheimer\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6709\u5148\u89c1\u4e4b\u660e\u3001\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u8fc7\u65e9\u5730\u9884\u8a00\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7edf\u4e00\u79d1\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u5df2\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\uff1a\u2018\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u53ea\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u65f6\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0a…… \u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5982\u6b64\u53ef\u6015\u7684\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6765\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u524d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8d77\u8fdb\u9910\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u89d2\u7684\u5b8f\u5927\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u542b\u4eb2\u5bc6\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u77e5\u8bc6\u542f\u8fea\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u5e9e\u5927\u800c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u80fd\u591f\u56de\u5e94\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8<\/span>\uff08\u4ed6\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f4621\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u548c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u548c\u5229\u7528\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f25\u5408\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u9e3f\u6c9f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u52aa\u529b\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u201c\u665a\u9910\u8c08\u8bdd\u201d\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u8ba9\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u901a\u5f80\u201c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u3001\u542f\u8fea\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u201d\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u7f51\u7edc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    5. <\/strong><\/strong>\u540e\u8bb0\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6d8c\u73b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u7edf\u4e00\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u53ef\u5426\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u4e0d\u540c\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u4f20\u64ad\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1f\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u5426\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0c\u5411\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u5b66\u4e60\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff1f\u53ef\u5426\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u9879\u76ee\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u5bf9\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c6\u89d2\u6ce8\u5165\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6807\u5fd7\u6027\u7684\u6691\u671f\u5b66\u6821\u4e2d\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u5426\u521b\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7ebf\u201c\u95e8\u6237\u767e\u79d1\u201d\uff1f\u5b83\u5c06\u662f\u73b0\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u3001\u6ca1\u6709\u884c\u8bdd\u7684\u6574\u7406\u5f52\u6863\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u6574\u5408\u5230\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u66f4\u65b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4e3a\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\uff0c\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u8bb0\u5f55\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b66\u5230\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


    <\/section>\n
    <\/span><\/section>\n
    David Pines <\/span><\/strong>\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5206\u6821\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4f0a\u5229\u8bfa\u4f0a\u5927\u5b66\u9999\u69df\u5206\u6821\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5723\u8fbe\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u8054\u5408\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u3001\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u524d\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u540d\u8a89\u8054\u5408\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u6001\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u79d1\u5b66\u5408\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
    1. D. Pines (ed.). 1988. Emerging Syntheses in Science. Addison-Wesley.<\/span><\/section>\n
    2. G. Cowan, D. Pines, & D. Meltzer (eds.). 1994. Complexity: Metaphors, Models, <\/span>and Reality. Westview Press.<\/span><\/section>\n
    3. P.W. Anderson. 1972. More is Different. Science 177: 393.<\/span><\/section>\n
    4. R.B. Laughlin & D. Pines. 2000. The Theory of Everything. PNAS 97: 28.<\/span><\/section>\n
    5. \u6839\u636e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff08a\uff09\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4e8b\u7269\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u6216\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8d28\uff1b\u6216\uff08b\uff09\u4e00\u4e2a\u54f2\u5b66\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff0c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
    6. S. Boettcher (review). 2014. Spin Glasses and Complexity. Physics Today 67(1): <\/span>48.<\/span><\/section>\n
    7. D.U. Fereiro, E.A. Komives, & P.G. Wolynes. 2013. Frustration in Biomolecules. <\/span>arxiv.org 1312.0867.<\/span><\/section>\n
    8. Gateways to Emergent Behavior in Science and Society. 2013. Participant posters <\/span>and slides from the ICAM\/SFI Workshop: http:\/\/tuvalu.santafe.edu\/events\/workshops\/index.php\/Gateways_to_Emergent_Behavior_in_Science_and_Society<\/span><\/section>\n
    9. G. Holton. 2004. Philip Frank at Harvard (lectures at Philip Frank conferences <\/span>in Prague and Vienna)<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
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    \u672c\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81ea medium.com<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u539f\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    Emergence: A unifying theme for 21st century science<\/span><\/section>\n
    \u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    https:\/\/medium.com\/sfi-30-foundations-frontiers\/emergence-a-unifying-theme-for-21st-century-science-4324ac0f951e<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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    \u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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