{"id":33523,"date":"2022-03-31T21:28:22","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33523"},"modified":"2022-03-31T21:28:22","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:28:22","slug":"%e5%9f%83%e5%b0%94%e5%be%b7%e4%bb%80%e6%95%b0%ef%bc%9a%e4%bd%a0%e4%b8%8e%e5%a4%a7%e6%95%b0%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e4%b9%8b%e9%97%b4%e6%9c%89%e5%87%a0%e5%ba%a6%e5%88%86%e9%9a%94-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33523","title":{"rendered":"\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\uff1a\u4f60\u4e0e\u5927\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u51e0\u5ea6\u5206\u9694 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9876\u70b9u\u548cv\u4e4b\u95f4\u5171\u6709\u7684\u5305\u542b\u8fb9\u6807\u51c6\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5408\u4f5c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u88ab\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u975e\u7814\u7a76\u6027\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\uff0c\u8054\u5408\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u8ba3\u544a\u7b49\u3002\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u201d\u5c06\u5176\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u5361\u65af\u73c0\u00b7\u9ad8\u592b\u66fc Casper Goffman\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002\u9ad8\u592b\u66fc\u57281969\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u201c\u60a8\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u662f\u591a\u5c11\u201d\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5bf9\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u591a\u4ea7\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53e6\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u54e5\u4f26\u5e03 Michael Golomb\u5728\u8ba3\u544a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4f4e\u81f33\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6392\u540d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u5956\u724c\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u5305\u62ecAtle Selberg\uff0cKunihiko Kodaira\uff0cKlaus Roth\uff0cAlan Baker\uff0cEnrico Bombieri\uff0cDavid Mumford\uff0cCharles Fefferman\uff0cWilliam Thurston\uff0cShing-Tung Tung\uff0cJean Bourgain\uff0cRichard Borcherds\uff0cManjul Bhargava\uff0cJean-Pierre Serre\u548c\u9676\u54f2\u8f69\u3002\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6069\u5fb7\u96f7\u00b7\u585e\u6885\u96f7\u8fea Endre Szemer\u00e9di\u662f\u963f\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff0c\u5176\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u4e0e\u6570\u767e\u4f4d\u5408\u8457\u8005\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0e\u4ed6\u5408\u4f5c\u8fc7\u6570\u5341\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u6700\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e0e\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5341\u4eba\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0e\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5373\u5408\u4f5c\u6570\u91cf\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u622a\u81f32016\u5e74\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u7ae0\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\uff0c\u5176\u503c\u57282\u52306\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a3\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7684\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\uff08\u6709\u9650\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\uff09\u4e3a5\uff0c\u6781\u9650\u503c\u4e3a13\u3002\u4e0b\u8868\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u7269\u7406\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7edf\u8ba1\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5217\u8ba1\u7b97\u83b7\u5956\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5217\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7684\u83b7\u80dc\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u5217\u662f\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7684\u83b7\u80dc\u8005\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u5217\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u83b7\u5956\u8005\u4e2d\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u548c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u5728\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u4e2d\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766 Albert Einstein\u548c\u8c22\u5c14\u767b\u00b7\u674e\u00b7\u683c\u62c9\u8096 Sheldon Lee Glashow\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u4e2d\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\u7684\u6709\uff1aEnrico Fermi\uff0cOtto Stern\uff0cWolfgang Pauli\uff0cMax Born\uff0cWillis E.Lamb\uff0cEugene Wigner\uff0cRichard P.Feynman\uff0cHans A.Bethe\uff0cMurray Gell-Mann\uff0cAbdus Salam\uff0cSteven Weinberg\uff0cNorman F.Ramsey\uff0cFrank Wilczek\u548cDavid Wineland\u3002\u83b7\u5f97\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Ed Witten\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u8ba1\u7b97\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Lior Pachter\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Richard Lenski\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\uff0c\u4e0eLior Pachter\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6Bernd Sturmfels\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u6bcf\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8d22\u7ecf\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e24\u540d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\uff1a\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u9a6c\u53ef\u7ef4\u5179 Harry M. Markowitz\uff0c\uff081990\uff09\u548c\u5217\u6602\u5c3c\u5fb7\u00b7\u574e\u6258\u7f57\u7ef4\u5947 Leonid Kantorovich\uff081975\uff09\u3002\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u91d1\u878d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5305\u62ecDavid Donoho\uff0cMarc Yor\uff0cHenry McKean\uff0cDaniel Stroock\u548cJoseph Keller\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ecKenneth J. Arrow\uff081972\uff09\uff0cMilton Friedman\uff081976\uff09\uff0cHerbert A. Simon\uff081978\uff09\uff0cGerard Debreu\uff081983\uff09\uff0cJohn Forbes Nash\uff0cJr.\uff081994\uff09\uff0cJames Mirrlees\uff081996\uff09\uff0cDaniel McFadden\uff082000\uff09\uff0cDaniel Kahneman\uff082002\uff09\uff0cRobert J.Aumann\uff082005\uff09\uff0cLeonid Hurwicz\uff082007\uff09\uff0cRoger Myerson\uff082007\uff09\uff0cAlvin E.Roth\uff082012\uff09\u548cLloyd S. Shapley\uff082012\uff09\u548cJean Tirole\uff082014\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e9b\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4f4e\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ecAxcom Technologies\u7684James B. Ax\u548cRenaissance Technologies\u7684James H. Simons\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u5747\u4e3a3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u54f2\u5b66\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u54f2\u5b66\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7f18\u7531\u4e92\u901a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u53e0\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6John P. Burgess\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002Barwise\u548cJoel David Hamkins\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u90fd\u4e3a2\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u54f2\u5b66\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4e0eAlvin E. Roth\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98Richard Posner\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a4\u3002\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\uff0c\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6Roberto Mangabeira Unger\u4e0eLee Smolin\u66fe\u7ecf\u5408\u4f5c\u8fc7\uff0c\u5176\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u9886\u57df<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u9053\u683c\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u6000\u7279 Douglas R. White\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u56fe\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f17\u5170\u514b\u00b7\u54c8\u62c9\u91cc Frank Harary\u5408\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df4\u91cc\u00b7\u97e6\u5c14\u66fc Barry Wellman\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6 Ove Frank\uff08Harve’s\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\uff09\u5408\u4f5c\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6Solomon Marcus\u57281957\u5e74\u4e0e\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5408\u4f5c\u4e86\u300a Acta Mathematica Hungarica\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1985\u5e74\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5728\u963f\u5fb7\u83b1\u5fb7\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u9676\u54f2\u8f69 Terence Tao\u5f53\u65f6\u53ea\u670910\u5c81\u3002\u9676\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u5206\u6821\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e8e2006\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e2007\u5e74\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u76f4\u76db\u884c\u3002\u5728\u5343\u5e74\u4e4b\u4ea4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5728\u804c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5927\u4e3a15\uff0c\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6570\u4e3a5\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e3a4.65\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7684\u4eba\u5176\u6570\u5b57\u90fd\u5c0f\u4e8e8\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u4eca\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u9891\u7387\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u975e\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6Steven Brams\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7John Tukey\uff08\u5176\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a2\uff09\u4e0e\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u94fe\u63a5\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6Eric Lander\u548c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6Daniel Kleitman\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8eKleitman\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7Lander\u53ca\u5176\u4f17\u591a\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4e0eGustavus Simmons\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bc6\u7801\u7814\u7a76\u754c\u5185\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u62e5\u6709\u6709\u9650\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0eNoam Chomsky\uff08\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a4\uff09\uff0cWilliam Labov\uff08\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\uff09\u7b49\u8457\u540d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6709Mark Liberman\uff083\uff09\uff0cGeoffrey Pullum\uff083\uff09\u6216Ivan Sag\uff084\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u827a\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4e5f\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6839\u636e\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u6d1b\u4f69\u5179\u00b7\u5965\u5c14\u8482\u65af Alex Lopez-Ortiz\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u57281986\u5e74\u81f31994\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u548c\u5185\u51e1\u7433\u5a1c\u5956 Nevanlinna prize\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u6700\u591a\u4e3a9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8f83\u65e9\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u901a\u5e38\u5c11\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u8868\u8054\u5408\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u62e5\u6709\u6709\u9650\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u5b66\u8005\u662fAntoine Lavoisier\uff08\u751f\u4e8e1743\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a13\uff09\uff0cRichard Dedekind\uff08\u751f\u4e8e1831\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a7\uff09\u6216Ferdinand Georg Frobenius\uff08\u751f\u4e8e1849\u5e74\uff0c\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a3\uff09\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u8d44\u683c\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u6c64\u5e15 Martin Tompa\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u5411\u534f\u4f5c\u56fe\uff0c\u5c06\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u66f4\u65e9\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u5230\u5b57\u6bcd\u987a\u5e8f\u66f4\u665a\u7684\u4f5c\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5355\u8c03\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8be5\u6709\u5411\u56fe\u4e2d\u4ece\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5230\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u6700\u957f\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u4e3a12\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8fc8\u514b\u5c14\u00b7\u5df4\u5c14 Michael Barr\u66fe\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u7684\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4e0e\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u5199\u8fc7p\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u4eba\u5e94\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u76841\/p\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u591a\u91cd\u56fe\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4e5f\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5904\u7406\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5408\u8457\u7684\u6bcf\u7bc7\u8054\u5408\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u89c6\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u8fb9\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a1\u6b27\u59c6\u7535\u963b\u5668\u7684\u7535\u7f51\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u603b\u7535\u963b\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u6709\u591a\u201c\u76f8\u8fd1\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u72ec\u7acb\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u91cf\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800ch\u6307\u6570\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u83b7\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d \u5e76\u4e14\u201c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u4f7f\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6392\u540d\u5e94\u8be5\u540c\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e14\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6392\u540d\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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2004\u5e74\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a4\u7684William Tozier\u5728eBay\u4e0a\u62cd\u5356\u4e86\u5408\u8457\u8005\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u4e70\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u6570\u4e3a5\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u53d1\u5e03\u4e861031\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e2d\u6807\u4ef7\u683c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u4ed8\u6b3e\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8fdb\u884c\u51fa\u4ef7\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5632\u5f04\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6587\u7ae0\u63a8\u8350<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5dee\u5f02\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/35977556\/answer\/65418921<\/span><\/p>\n

\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u5dee\u5f02\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7531\u5308\u7259\u5229\u6570\u5b66\u5929\u624d\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u4e8e1932\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5176\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u53ea\u5305\u542b1\u548c-1\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u6570\u5217\u6027\u8d28\u8fdb\u884c\u63a2\u8ba8\uff1b\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6570\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u521b\u5efa\u6709\u9650\u5b50\u5e8f\u5217\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u5ea6\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u6069\u91cc\u79d1\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u62c9\u65af\u901a\u4fd7\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u201c\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u75311\u548c-1\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u6254\u786c\u5e01\u968f\u673a\u4ea7\u751f\uff09\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6570\u5217\u548c\u5e38\u6570C\u3002\u4f60\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u957f\u7684\u6709\u9650\u6570\u5217\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u5217\u7684\u603b\u548c\u5927\u4e8e\u5e38\u6570C\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6700\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5de8\u5320\u2014\u2014\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\uff0c\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/355106294<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u95fb\u540d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u602a\u7656\uff0c\u96be\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u7eaf\u7cb9\u6570\u5b66\u7684\u4f7f\u547d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u7206\u53d1\u524d\u4e24\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5965\u5308\u5e1d\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u4e3a\u6570\u5b66\u800c\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u5c81\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u80fd\u5fc3\u7b97\u4e09\u4f4d\u6570\u7684\u4e58\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u5e26\u7740\u65c5\u884c\u7bb1\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u4ece\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u65c5\u884c\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u9760\u6f14\u8bb2\u8d39\u548c\u5404\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u5fae\u8584\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\u7ef4\u751f\u3002\u4ed6\u572820\u5c81\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5207\u6bd4\u96ea\u592b\u5b9a\u7406\uff08Chebyshev\u2019s theorem\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u572821\u5c81\u65f6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b66\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u8fd8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4ed683\u5e74\u7684\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e500\u591a\u540d\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u8868\u4e861500\u591a\u7bc7\u5b66\u672f\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u4f26\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u6b27\u62c9\uff08Leonard Euler\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u96c6\u667a\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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\u5df4\u62c9\u5df4\u897f\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5df4\u62c9\u5df4\u897f\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\uff08\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff09*<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/1754<\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5e78\u9080\u8bf7\u4e86\u6c6a\u5c0f\u5e06\u3001\u8d75\u6d77\u5174\u3001\u8bb8\u5c0f\u53ef\u3001\u53f2\u5b9a\u534e\u3001\u9648\u6e05\u534e\u3001\u5f20\u6c5f\u3001\u72c4\u589e\u5982\u3001\u9648\u5173\u8363\u3001\u6a0a\u745b\u3001\u5218\u5b97\u534e\u8fd9\u5341\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u516d\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u9ad8\u6821\u3001\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8015\u8018\u8bb8\u4e45\u7684\u6559\u6388\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u6559\u6750\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4fa7\u91cd\u5730\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7f8e\u4e3d\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u8ff7\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u6307\u5f15\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u707f\u70c2\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e66\u7c4d\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

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\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u5c01\u9762<\/span><\/p>\n


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https:\/\/www.32r.com\/soft\/29470.html<\/span><\/p>\n

\u300a\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u7531\u6c6a\u5c0f\u5e06\uff0c\u674e\u7fd4\uff0c\u9648\u5173\u8363\u8054\u8882\u7f16\u8457\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u770b\u61c2\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u5907\u628a\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9645\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u4e66\u6ca1\u6709\u8fc7\u591a\u5730\u9677\u5165\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u4e3a\u5173\u6ce8\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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CSDN\u793e\u533a<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u6570\u5b66\u602a\u624d\u57c3\u5c14\u5fb7\u4ec0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/blog.csdn.net\/weixin_34331102\/article\/details\/90563756?<\/p>\n


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\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u6027\u77e5\u8bc6\u51fa\u53d1\u4e0e\u4f19\u4f34\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u4f7f\u767e\u79d1\u8bcd\u6761\u5185\u5bb9\u5f97\u5230\u6269\u5145\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4f4d\u5fd7\u613f\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u76f8\u5e94\u5956\u52b1\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875\u4e0e\u8d21\u732e\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u80fd\u591f\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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