{"id":33529,"date":"2022-03-31T21:28:22","date_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:28:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33529"},"modified":"2022-03-31T21:28:22","modified_gmt":"2022-03-31T13:28:22","slug":"nat-hum-behav-%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%b8%e4%ba%92%e7%9f%9b%e7%9b%be%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%8c%e4%b8%ba%e4%bd%95%e9%83%bd%e5%be%97%e5%88%b0%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33529","title":{"rendered":"Nat. Hum. Behav. \u524d\u6cbf\uff1a\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u5b9e\u9a8c\u652f\u6301\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The ConTraSt database for analysing and comparing empirical studies of consciousness theories<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5173\u6ce8\u72b6\u6001\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08state or content consciousness\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u62a5\u9053\u6216\u672a\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u5982BOLD\uff0c\u8840\u6c27\u6c34\u5e73\u4f9d\u8d56\uff1bERP\uff0c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7535\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\u7b49<\/span>\uff08\u56fe5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u601d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u652f\u6301 IIT \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u72b6\u6001\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff0879%\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301 GNW \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5219\u6709 73% \u5173\u6ce8\u5185\u5bb9\u610f\u8bc6\uff0cHOT \u548c RPT \u5bf9\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a 100% \u548c 97%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u5bf9412\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fdb\u884c\u5f52\u7c7b\u5212\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u56fe6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u90fd\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u652f\u6301\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5212\u5206\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u56db\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6bcf\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u975e\u5e38\u543b\u5408\u3002\u4e0d\u96be\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\u548c\u652f\u6301\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8111\u533a\u5dee\u5f02\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u5e26\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5c40\u9650\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u5305\u5bb9\u7684\u5fc3\u6001\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u89c6\u91ce\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe6. \u56db\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5206\u5e03<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u8111\u7535\u56fe<\/span>\uff08EEG\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9885\u5185\u8111\u7535\u56fe<\/span>\uff08iEEG\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8111\u78c1\u6ce2<\/span>\uff08MEG\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u4f55\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u9610\u91ca\u548c\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u62a5\u544a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe7\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e94\u5728\u672a\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8111\u7535\u56fe\u6210\u5206\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e88\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe7. \u56db\u5927\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u91c7\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u6307\u793a\u7684\u65f6\u957f\u7edf\u8ba1\u56fe\uff08EEG, iEEG, MEG\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n


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3\u3001\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u542f\u793a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u5bf9\u8fd9 412 \u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u786e\u8bc1\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u79ef\u7d2f\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6240\u6709\u56db\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u5c55\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u5b9e\u8bc1\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u7ee7\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u65e8\u5728\u68c0\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5f53\u7a00\u5c11\u3002\u68c0\u9a8c\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u4f7f\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u66f4\u751a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709 7% \u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u6216\u591a\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ec5\u57fa\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u9009\u62e9<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5185\u5bb9\u6216\u72b6\u6001\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6700\u7ec8\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u53d1\u73b0\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u795e\u7ecf\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u5404\u81ea\u72ec\u7acb\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u5f88\u96be\u5f7c\u6b64\u4ea4\u878d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u65b0\u5174\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4ece\u66f4\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7406\u8bba\u5f00\u59cb\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u6570\u636e<\/strong>\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u624d\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6279\u5224\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/strong>\u3002\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u542f\u53d1\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u9700\u8981\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u66f4\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\uff08https:\/\/ContrastDB.tau.ac.il\/) \u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7ebf\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u90fd\u53ef\u7528\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u5f0f\u67e5\u8be2\u548c\u5206\u6790\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63ed\u793a\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7528\u4e8e\u6839\u636e\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u67e5\u627e\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u652f\u6301 GNW \u7684 fMRI \u7814\u7a76\u6216\u6240\u6709\u4f7f\u7528 EEG \u7684\u60a3\u8005\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
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\u4f5c\u8005\u6ce8\u91ca<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

1\u3001\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff08Global workspace theory\uff0cGWT\uff09\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f2f\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u5df4\u5c14\u65af\uff08Bernard Baars\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span>\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u5c40\u7684\u201c\u5e7f\u64ad\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5e7f\u64ad\u8d44\u8baf\u3002<\/span>\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u4e13\u5c5e\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u6309\u7167\u60ef\u5e38\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u81ea\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u8d44\u8baf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span>\u5f53\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e0e\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u5c5e\u667a\u80fd\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4f1a\u900f\u8fc7\u5408\u4f5c\u6216\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5bf9\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u8bc6\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

GWT\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e0e\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u201c\u77ac\u95f4\u6fc0\u6d3b\u3001\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94 \u2014\u2014 \u201c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5728\u9886\u57df\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u6392\u7ec3\u7535\u8bdd\u53f7\u7801\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u6d3b\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u5185\u5728\u8a00\u8bed\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u5fc3\u50cf\u3002\u201d\uff08\u89c1Baars\uff0c1997\u5e74\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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2\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/p>\n

\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba\uff08higher-order thought\uff0cHOT\uff09\u5047\u8bbe\u610f\u8bc6\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u9636\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u8c61\u610f\u8bc6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u611f\u77e5\u6216\u51c6\u611f\u77e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u89c6\u89c9\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u8868\u5f81\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8868\u660e\u4ec5\u67d0\u4e9b\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u5fc3\u7406\u6784\u6210\u610f\u8bc6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\uff08Integrated Information Theory, IIT\uff09\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002IIT\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5728\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u6700\u5927\u503c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540e\u76ae\u8d28\u201c\u70ed\u533a\u201d\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6731\u5229\u5965\u00b7\u6258\u8bfa\u5c3c\uff08Giulio Tononi\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8bba\u6587 Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Understanding how consciousness arises from neural activity remains one of the biggest challenges for neuroscience. Numerous theories have been proposed in recent years, each gaining independent empirical support. Currently, there is no comprehensive, quantitative and theory-neutral overview of the field that enables an evaluation of how theoretical frameworks interact with empirical research. We provide a bird\u2019s eye view of studies that interpreted their findings in light of at least one of four leading neuroscientific theories of consciousness (N\u2009=\u2009412 experiments), asking how methodological choices of the researchers might affect the final conclusions. We found that supporting a specific theory can be predicted solely from methodological choices, irrespective of findings. Furthermore, most studies interpret their findings post hoc, rather than a priori testing critical predictions of the theories. Our results highlight challenges for the field and provide researchers with an open-access website to further analyse trends in the neuroscience of consciousness.<\/span><\/p>\n


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