{"id":33643,"date":"2022-04-08T17:29:42","date_gmt":"2022-04-08T09:29:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33643"},"modified":"2022-04-08T17:29:42","modified_gmt":"2022-04-08T09:29:42","slug":"%e5%8f%8d%e9%a6%88%ef%bc%9a%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e8%87%aa%e6%88%91%e8%b0%83%e8%8a%82%e6%9c%ba%e5%88%b6-%e9%9b%86%e6%99%ba%e7%99%be%e7%a7%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33643","title":{"rendered":"\u53cd\u9988\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236 | \u96c6\u667a\u767e\u79d1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4f7f\u7528\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u5728\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u671f\u671b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b63\u53cd\u9988 Positive feedback\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u540c\u76f8\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988 Negative feedback\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6781\u6027\u76f8\u53cd\u6216\u76f8\u4f4d\u76f8\u5dee180\u00b0\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u8be5\u56fe\u8868\u793a\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u4e2d\u7684\u5de1\u822a\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u8f66\u901f\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u5982\u8f66\u901f\u9650\u5236\uff09\u5339\u914d\u3002\u53d7\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6c7d\u8f66\uff0c\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u5305\u62ec\u6765\u81ea\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u8def\u9762\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5761\u5ea6\uff08\u5e72\u6270\uff09\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u626d\u77e9\u3002\u6c7d\u8f66\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u72b6\u6001\uff09\u7531\u901f\u5ea6\u8868\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u8bef\u5dee\u4fe1\u53f7\u662f\u901f\u5ea6\u8ba1\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u901f\u5ea6\uff08\u8bbe\u5b9a\u70b9\uff09\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u7531\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u6765\u89e3\u8bd1\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u6765\u8c03\u6574\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u63a7\u5236\u71c3\u6599\u6d41\u5230\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\uff08\u6548\u5e94\u5668\uff09\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u626d\u77e9\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4e0e\u8def\u9762\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5761\u5ea6\u6240\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u626d\u77e9\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u901f\u5ea6\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u9053\u8def\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


\u201c\u6b63\u9762\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d1f\u9762\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\u9996\u6b21\u7528\u4e8e\u53cd\u9988\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u518d\u751f\u7535\u8def\u7684\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u7ecf\u6d41\u884c\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u65af Friis\u548c\u5ef6\u68ee Jensen\uff081924\uff09\u5c06\u4e00\u5957\u7535\u5b50\u653e\u5927\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u518d\u751f\u56de\u8def\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a”\u53cd\u9988”\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u6b63\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u4f5c\u7528\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u3002\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\u00b7\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u5e03\u83b1\u514b Harold Stephen Black1934\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\u9996\u6b21\u8be6\u7ec6\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u653e\u5927\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n

    \u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u52a0\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u589e\u76ca\uff0c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u964d\u4f4e\u589e\u76ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


    \u636eMindell\uff082002\u5e74\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\u5c31\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u672f\u8bed\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u2026\u2026Friis\u548cJensen\u5bf9Black\u5728\u201c\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u201d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u9988\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u5bf9\u653e\u5927\u5668\u589e\u76ca\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cNyquist\u548cBode\u5728Black\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b26\u53f7\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\u96be\u4ee5\u8bf4\u670d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u7684\u5b9e\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u518d\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6df7\u4e71\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


      \u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u88ab\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6 James Clerk Maxwell\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u51e0\u79cd\u4e0e\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u79bb\u5fc3\u5f0f\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u8fd0\u52a8\u5206\u91cf\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u6270\u52a8\u6216\u632f\u8361\u5e45\u5ea6\u6301\u7eed\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5bfc\u81f4\u5176\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u672f\u8bed<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

      \u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


      <\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u6839\u636e\u5dee\u8ddd\u662f\u6269\u5927\uff08\u6b63\uff09\u8fd8\u662f\u7f29\u5c0f\uff08\u8d1f\uff09\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u503c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff1b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u6539\u53d8\u5dee\u8ddd\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6216\u6548\u679c\u7684\u6548\u4ef7 valence\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b83\u5bf9\u63a5\u53d7\u8005\u6216\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u662f\u5426\u5177\u6709\u5feb\u4e50\uff08\u79ef\u6781\uff09\u6216\u4e0d\u5feb\u4e50\uff08\u6d88\u6781\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u611f\u5185\u6db5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


        \u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u6fc0\u52b1\uff08\u5956\u52b1\uff09\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u8868\u73b0\uff08\u7f29\u5c0f\u5dee\u8ddd\uff09\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u5b9a\u4e491\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u66ff\u4ee3\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7528\u81ea\u5f3a\u5316\/\u81ea\u7ea0\u6b63\u3001\u5f3a\u5316\/\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u79bb\u6563\u589e\u5f3a\/\u79bb\u6563\u51cf\u5c11<\/span>[<\/span>\u6216\u518d\u751f\/\u9000\u5316\u6765\u66ff\u4ee3\u6b63\/\u8d1f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e492\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u5f20\u5c06\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u6548\u679c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u79ef\u6781\/\u6d88\u6781\u7684\u5f3a\u5316\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6b63\u7684\u6216\u8d1f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u6216\u5f15\u7528\u5176\u542b\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        \u8fd9\u79cd\u6df7\u6dc6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u65e2\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5eb7\u5948\u5170 Connellan\u548c\u6cfd\u59c6\u514b Zemke\uff081993\uff09\u6240\u8a00\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • \n

          \u5b9a\u91cf\u53cd\u9988\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u5b9a\u6027\u53cd\u9988\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u591a\u597d\u3001\u591a\u574f\u6216\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


          <\/h4>\n

          \u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

          \u867d\u7136\u5355\u4e00\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6307\u5b9a\u4e3a\u6b63\u6216\u8d1f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u56de\u8def\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u5f53\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u5c31\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u6574\u4f53\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6709\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u90e8\u5206\u589e\u52a0\u5230\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u56de\u8def\uff1b\u800c\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e8c\u5341\u4e2a\u56de\u8def\u7684\u7279\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u5176<\/span><\/strong><\/strong>\u4ed6\u53cd\u9988\u7c7b\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4fe1\u53f7\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u6df7\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9891\u7387\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u70b9\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


          \u672f\u8bed\u53cc\u6781\u53cd\u9988 bipolar feedback\u662f\u6307\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u4e00\u4e9b\u5e26\u6709\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5219\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u90a3\u4e9b\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u53cd\u9988\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5373\u5229\u7528\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u8bbe\u5907\u5e76\u8ba1\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

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          <\/p>\n

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          \u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

          \n

          <\/section>\n
          <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
          \u6570\u5b66\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

          <\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4ee4\u4eba\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u53cd\u590d\u53cd\u9988\u6570\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u8bb0\u5f55\u865a\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u672a\u80fd\u504f\u79bb\u7684\u70b9\uff0c\u7ed8\u5236\u51fa\u8fde\u7eed\u7740\u8272\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u66fc\u5fb7\u5c14\u5e03\u7f57\u7279\u96c6\uff08\u5e03\u83b1\u514b\uff09 Mandelbrot(black) set\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53cd\u9988\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6539\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u8fc5\u901f\u6216\u4fdd\u6301\u6052\u5b9a\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u9002\u5e94\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/h3>\n
          \u751f\u7269<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

          \u5728\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u3001\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u751f\u7269\u5708\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u6c34\u5e73\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u3002\u53d7\u63a7\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u504f\u5dee\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5185\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u53c2\u6570\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u53d7\u63a7\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u503c\u7531\u63a5\u6536\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u9053\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u8c03\u8282\u6a21\u5757\u3002\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u632f\u8361\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6b63\u5411\u548c\u8d1f\u5411\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u8d1f\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53cd\u9988\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u597d\u7684\u6216\u574f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u51cf\u7f13\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u800c\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u5219\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u52a0\u901f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u955c\u50cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5f53\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u88ab\u5927\u8111\u201c\u955c\u50cf\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u5bfc\u81ea\u6f14\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u6b63\u5e38\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7c98\u9644\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u5206\u6ccc\u5206\u5b50\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u7684\uff1b\u764c\u75c7\u4e2d\u5173\u952e\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5931\u6548\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u53d7\u4f24\u6216\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u708e\u75c7\u4ecb\u8d28\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u8868\u8fbe\u548c\u5206\u6ccc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e0d\u540c\u7ec6\u80de\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6062\u590d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u534f\u8c03\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u4f7f\u673a\u4f53\u4ece\u611f\u67d3\u548c\u635f\u4f24\u4e2d\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5728\u764c\u75c7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7834\u574f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u9996\u6b21\u5728\u7ec6\u83cc\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u9610\u660e\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u5176\u90e8\u5206\u4ee3\u8c22\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u548c\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u7528\u963b\u904f\u86cb\u767d Repressor\uff08\u53c2\u89c1Lac\u963b\u904f\u86cb\u767d\uff09\u548c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u86cb\u767d activator protein\u6765\u521b\u9020\u57fa\u56e0\u64cd\u7eb5\u5b50 genetic operons protein\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u5f17\u6717\u7d22\u74e6\u00b7\u96c5\u5404\u5e03 Francois Jacob\u548c\u96c5\u514b\u00b7\u83ab\u8bfa\u5fb7 Jacques Monod\u57281961\u5e74\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6b63\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7cd6\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5c06\u7cd6\u8f93\u5165\u7ec6\u83cc\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d1f\u7684\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee3\u8c22\u6d88\u8017\u4e2d\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u5c3d\u7ba1\u53cd\u9988\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6ede\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6355\u98df\u8005-\u730e\u7269\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u4e5f\u80fd\u5bf9\u52a8\u7269\u79cd\u7fa4\u4ea7\u751f\u7a33\u5b9a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u5728\u9176\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u9988\u5728\u4ee3\u8c22\u9014\u5f84\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u7269\u6216\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u4ee3\u8c22\u4ea7\u7269\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u9176\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff08\u89c1\u53d8\u6784\u8c03\u8282 allosteric regulation\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u4e0b\u4e18\u8111-\u5782\u4f53-\u80be\u4e0a\u817a\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d7\u5230\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u548c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u5728\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u63a5\u53d7\u6765\u81ea\u73af\u5883\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6fc0\u7d20\u7684\u91ca\u653e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6fc0\u7d20\u88ab\u91ca\u653e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5faa\u73af\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u8138\u7ea2\u7684\u4eba\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u7f9e\u803b\u5faa\u73af\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u4ed6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u8138\u7ea2\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5c34\u5c2c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8138\u7ea2\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u6c14\u5019\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u6c14\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u5927\u6c14\u3001\u6d77\u6d0b\u548c\u9646\u5730\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u51b0-\u53cd\u5c04\u7387\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u73af\u8def\uff0c\u5373\u96ea\u7684\u878d\u5316\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ed1\u6697\u5730\u9762\uff08\u53cd\u5c04\u7387\u8f83\u4f4e\uff09\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u5438\u6536\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u96ea\u878d\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u53cd\u9988\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u72b6\u6001\u77e2\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u63a7\u5236\uff09\u3001\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u53cd\u9988\u7b49\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u201c\u53cd\u9988\u201d\u901a\u5e38\u7279\u6307\u201c\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u56de\u8def\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u7684\u901a\u7528\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u662f\u6bd4\u4f8b-\u79ef\u5206-\u5bfc\u6570\uff08PID\uff09\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002\u4ece\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0cPID\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u7684\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff1a\u6bd4\u4f8b\u9879\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u79ef\u5206\u9879\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u800c\u5bfc\u6570\u9879\u5219\u662f\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7387\uff0c\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u8bef\u5dee\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u6559\u80b2<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u5173\u4e8e\u6559\u80b2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u89c1\u7ea0\u6b63\u6027\u53cd\u9988 corrective feedback\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\uff0c\u6d6e\u9600\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u6c34\u949f\u7684\u6c34\u6d41; \u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6d6e\u9600\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u5316\u6cb9\u5668\u7684\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u62bd\u6c34\u9a6c\u6876\u7684\u6c34\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u8377\u5170\u53d1\u660e\u5bb6\u514b\u5c3c\u5229\u5384\u65af\u00b7\u96c5\u5e03\u65af\u7eb5\u00b7\u6234\u535a\u5c14 Cornelius Drebbel\uff081572-1633\uff09\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u6052\u6e29\u5668\uff08c1620\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u9e21\u7684\u5b75\u5316\u5668\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7089\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u30021745\u5e74\uff0c\u94c1\u5320\u57c3\u5fb7\u8499\u00b7\u674e Edmund Lee\u5bf9\u98ce\u8f66\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ed6\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6247\u5f62\u5c3e\u7ffc\uff0c\u4f7f\u98ce\u8f66\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u59cb\u7ec8\u9762\u5411\u98ce\u30021787\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u59c6\u00b7\u7c73\u5fb7 Tom Mead\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u79bb\u5fc3\u6446\u8c03\u8282\u57fa\u77f3\u548c\u52a8\u77f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff08\u5373\u8c03\u8282\u8d1f\u8377\uff09\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u98ce\u8f66\u7684\u8f6c\u901f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          1788\u5e74\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u74e6\u7279 James Watt\u4f7f\u7528\u79bb\u5fc3\u8c03\u901f\u5668\u6765\u8c03\u8282\u4ed6\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u84b8\u6c7d\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e5f\u4f7f\u7528\u6d6e\u9600\u548c\u6cc4\u538b\u9600\u4f5c\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u8c03\u8282\u88c5\u7f6e\u3002\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6 James Clerk Maxwell\u57281868\u5e74\u5bf9Watt\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u5668\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u201cGreat Eastern\u201d\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6c7d\u8f6e\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u7531\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u6cd5\u5170\u00b7\u683c\u96f7 John McFarlane Gray\u57281866\u5e74\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5e26\u6709\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u7684\u84b8\u6c7d\u8235\u3002\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u6cd5\u5c14\u79d1 Joseph Farcot\u57281873\u5e74\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u201c\u4f3a\u670d\u7cfb\u7edf servo\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u84b8\u6c7d\u52a8\u529b\u8f6c\u5411\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4f3a\u670d\u7cfb\u7edf\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u55b7\u67aa\u3002\u65af\u4f69\u91cc\u516c\u53f8 Sperry Corporatio\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u9ed8\u00b7\u5b89\u5e03\u7f57\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u4f69\u91cc Elmer Ambrose Sperry\u57281912\u5e74\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u9a7e\u9a76\u4eea autopilot\u3002\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u7c73\u8bfa\u5c14\u65af\u57fa Nicolas Minorsky\u57281922\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u8239\u8236\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86PID\u63a7\u5236\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          20\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u671f\u7684\u5185\u71c3\u673a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u673a\u68b0\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u771f\u7a7a\u5b9a\u65f6\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5c0f\u578b\u3001\u575a\u56fa\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5355\u7247\u673a\u53d8\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b9e\u60e0\u540e\uff0c\u673a\u68b0\u53cd\u9988\u5c31\u88ab\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/p>\n

          \u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n

          \u53cd\u9988\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3001\u632f\u8361\u5668\u548c\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u548c\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u68b0\uff0c\u70ed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u5982\u679c\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u7ed5\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u73af\u8def\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53cd\u8f6c\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\uff1b\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u79f0\u53cd\u9988\u4e3a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u523b\u610f\u5f15\u5165\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea0\u6b63\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027 \u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901f\u5ea6\u5feb\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u6821\u6b63\u4fe1\u53f7\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u6ede\u540e\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6821\u6b63\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\u632f\u8361\u6216\u201c\u6355\u83b7\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u5730\u7528\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u632f\u8361\u5668\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u8d1d\u5c14\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u54c8\u91cc\u00b7\u5948\u594e\u65af\u7279 Harry Nyquist\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u5224\u5b9a\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5948\u594e\u65af\u7279\u7a33\u5b9a\u5224\u636e Nyquist stability criterion Chaos theory\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u4ea8\u5fb7\u91cc\u514b\u535a\u5fb7 Hendrikbode\u5f00\u53d1\u7684Bode\u56fe\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u589e\u76ca\u88d5\u5ea6\u548c\u76f8\u4f4d\u88d5\u5ea6\u3002\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5f80\u5f80\u4f7f\u7528\u9891\u7387\u8865\u507f\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u6781\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u7535\u5b50\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u653e\u5927\u5668\u3002\u5f53\u6240\u6709\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8f93\u51fa\u53cd\u9988\u5230\u8f93\u5165\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u8f93\u51fa\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f00\u73af\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91c7\u7528\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e3a\u95ed\u73af\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


          \u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u653e\u5927\u5668\u4f7f\u7528\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u53c9\u8026\u5408\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u8c10\u632f\u8361\u5668\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


          <\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • \n

            \u975e\u7a33\u6001\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u632f\u8361\u5668\u4f7f\u7528<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u5355\u7a33\u6001\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5176\u63a8\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u540e\u6062\u590d\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

          • \n

            \u53cc\u7a33\u6001\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7535\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u5207\u6362\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


            <\/h4>\n

            \u8d1f\u53cd\u9988<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            \u5f53\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u6709180\u00b0\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u76f8\u4f4d\uff08\u4e0a\u4e0b\u98a0\u5012\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5931\u76f8\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u4e5f\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u793a\u5176\u4ed6\u76f8\u4f4d\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u5982\u201c90\u00b0\u5931\u76f8\u201d\u3002\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7ea0\u6b63\u8f93\u51fa\u8bef\u5dee\u6216\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u8131\u654f\u3002\u5728\u53cd\u9988\u653e\u5927\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6821\u6b63\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u6ce2\u5f62\u5931\u771f\u6216\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u662f\u6e10\u8fdb\u589e\u76ca\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u6b63\u53cd\u9988<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            \u5f53\u53cd\u9988\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u540c\u76f8\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u589e\u76ca\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u589e\u5f3a\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4f7f\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u5728\u5176\u6700\u5927\u548c\u6700\u5c0f\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u632f\u8361\u3002\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u6ede\u540e\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u8def\u5ffd\u7565\u5c0f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u53ea\u54cd\u5e94\u5927\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u5b83\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u8bbe\u5907\u95ed\u9501\uff0c\u5373\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5c06\u8f93\u51fa\u9501\u5b9a\u5230\u5176\u6700\u5927\u6216\u6700\u5c0f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u4f5c\u53cc\u7a33\u6001\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6613\u5931\u6027\u5b58\u50a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u97f3\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u6269\u97f3\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6447\u6eda\u97f3\u4e50\u4e2d\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u54cd\u4eae\u7684\u5c16\u53eb\u58f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u97f3\u9891\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bdd\u7b52\u5728\u5b83\u6240\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u626c\u58f0\u5668\u524d\uff0c\u8bdd\u7b52\u63a5\u6536\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ece\u626c\u58f0\u5668\u4e2d\u4f20\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u8bdd\u7b52\u7ed3\u675f\u5e76\u518d\u6b21\u653e\u5927\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73af\u8def\u589e\u76ca\u8db3\u591f\uff0c\u5728\u653e\u5927\u5668\u7684\u6700\u5927\u529f\u7387\u4e0b\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u51fa\u5578\u53eb\u6216\u5c16\u53eb\u58f0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u632f\u8361\u5668<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            \u7535\u5b50\u632f\u8361\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u3001\u632f\u8361\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6b63\u5f26\u6ce2\u6216\u65b9\u6ce2\u3002\u632f\u8361\u5668\u5c06\u7535\u6e90\u4e2d\u7684\u76f4\u6d41\u7535\uff08DC\uff09\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u4ea4\u6d41\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u632f\u8361\u5668\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u3002\u632f\u8361\u5668\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u65e0\u7ebf\u7535\u548c\u7535\u89c6\u53d1\u5c04\u673a\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u77f3\u82f1\u949f\u7684\u65f6\u949f\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u547c\u673a\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u6e38\u620f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u9501\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u89e6\u53d1\u5668<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            \u9501\u5b58\u5668\u6216\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5b58\u50a8\u72b6\u6001\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5229\u7528\u4e24\u81c2\u7535\u8def\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u6765\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u4e3a\u7535\u8def\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8be5\u7535\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65bd\u52a0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b58\u50a8\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u9501\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u7535\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u9501\u5b58\u5668\u548c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u7528\u4f5c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5143\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b58\u50a8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7535\u8def\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u65f6\u5e8f\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u3002\u5f53\u7528\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u72b6\u6001\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u548c\u4e0b\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5f53\u524d\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd8\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8109\u51b2\u7684\u8ba1\u6570\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c06\u53ef\u53d8\u65f6\u5e8f\u8f93\u5165\u4fe1\u53f7\u540c\u6b65\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u53c2\u8003\u65f6\u5e8f\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff08\u900f\u660e\u7684\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\uff09\u6216\u8005\u662f\u8ba1\u65f6\u7684\uff08\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u6216\u8005\u8fb9\u7f18\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u6cdb\u6307\u7b80\u5355\u7535\u8def\u548c\u65f6\u949f\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7528\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5c06\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba8\u8bba\u65f6\u949f\u7535\u8def\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7535\u8def\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u9501\u5b58\u7535\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u9501\u5b58\u5668\u662f\u7535\u5e73\u654f\u611f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u662f\u8fb9\u7f18\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u9501\u5b58\u5668\u542f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53d8\u5f97\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u89e6\u53d1\u5668\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u53ea\u5728\u65f6\u949f\u8fb9\u7f18\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u6b63\u5411\u6216\u8d1f\u5411\uff09\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u3001\u7ef4\u62a4\u548c\u5347\u7ea7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u673a\u5236\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u662f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63a7\u5236\u5143\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u53cd\u9988\u73af\u8def\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u5982IBM\u7684Universal Database server\u548cIBM Tivoli\u3002\u4ece\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0cIBM\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\uff08MAPE\uff0cmonitor analyze plan execute\uff09\u56de\u8def\u662f\u5bf9\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u53c8\u4e00\u5b9d\u8d35\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u53cd\u9988\u4e5f\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6237\u754c\u9762\u65f6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u89c6\u9891\u53cd\u9988\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u58f0\u97f3\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u89c6\u9891\u8f93\u51fa\uff08\u5982\u7535\u89c6\u5c4f\u5e55\u6216\u663e\u793a\u5668\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u3002\u5c06\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u5bf9\u51c6\u663e\u793a\u5668\uff0c\u4f1a\u751f\u6210\u57fa\u4e8e\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u56fe\u50cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u80a1\u5e02\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6613\u4e8e\u51fa\u73b0\u632f\u8361\u201c\u6355\u730e\u201d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u5e02\u573a\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6b63\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u6240\u652f\u914d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u4e54\u6cbb\u2022\u7d22\u7f57\u65af George Soros\u7528\u201c\u53cd\u8eab\u6027 reflexivity servo\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6295\u8d44\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f9b\u6c42\u5e73\u8861\u6a21\u578b\u53ea\u652f\u6301\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u5965\u9ed8\u7f57\u5fb7 Paul Ormerod\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e4b\u6b7b\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e25\u5389\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u4f20\u7edf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5979\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u968f\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6df7\u6c8c\u7406\u8bba\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5305\u62ec\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u5728\u5185\u7684\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53cd\u9988\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u8f6c\u53d8\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \n
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            <\/p>\n

            \n
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            <\/section>\n

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            <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
            \n

            \u7f16\u8005\u63a8\u8350<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

            \n

            <\/section>\n
            <\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


            <\/span><\/h3>\n
            \u96c6\u667a\u8bfe\u7a0b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/section>\n

            \u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/646<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u83ab\u8fc7\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u601d\u8003\u4e0e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ece\u672a\u505c\u6b62\u3002\u827a\u672f\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u57c3\u820d\u5c14\u7684\u7ed8\u753b\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u753b\u624b\u300b\u3001\u300a\u753b\u5eca\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u4e0a\u5347\u548c\u4e0b\u964d\u300b\u7b49\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u7ec6\u54c1\u5473\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u548c\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff1b\u6570\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u5c31\u662f\u81ea\u6307\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u81ea\u6307\u6a2a\u8de8\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5982\u7f57\u7d20\u6096\u8bba\u3001\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406\u3001\u56fe\u7075\u505c\u673a\u7b49\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u9519\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u5efa\u6784\u6027\u7684\u81ea\u6307\uff0c\u8ddf\u751f\u547d\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u5bf9\u7684\u201d\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u7701\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9012\u5f52\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7d22\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            \u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5c06\u4f1a\u5e26\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u53cd\u9988\u3001\u5c42\u6b21\u3001\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u5730\u5e26\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u8fd1\u5bf9\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u57fa\u4e8e\u8d85\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4f53\u6cbb\u7406\u201c\u4e09\u529b\u201d\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/1871<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u540e\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u51b2\u7a81\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u7ed9\u516c\u5171\u751f\u6d3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u5b89\u5168\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e3a\u5207\u5165\u70b9\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u3001\u65bd\u653f\u5c42\u3001\u53d7\u4f17\u5c42\u591a\u5143\u4e3b\u4f53\u534f\u540c\u5171\u6cbb\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u4f4d\u4e00\u4f53\u201d\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u6cbb\u7406\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u5404\u4e3b\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u6784\u5efa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u591a\u5c42\u3001\u591a\u7ea7\u3001\u591a\u7ef4\u8d85\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u94fe\u8def\u9884\u6d4b\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u8d85\u8fb9\u6392\u5e8f\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u7279\u5f81\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u9884\u63a7\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3001\u8bc6\u522b\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u654f\u611f\u4eba\u7269\u3001\u4eff\u771f\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u6f14\u5316\u6001\u52bf\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u5347\u51b3\u7b56\u5c42\u5173\u53e3\u524d\u79fb\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u3001\u65bd\u653f\u5c42\u98ce\u9669\u5e94\u5bf9\u6267\u884c\u529b\u548c\u53d7\u4f17\u5c42\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u504f\u597d\u8fa8\u522b\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6848\u4f8b\u53cd\u6f14\uff0c\u5b8c\u5584\u4e0d\u540c\u6cbb\u7406\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u9988-\u4f18\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u63d0\u5347\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8206\u60c5\u98ce\u9669\u7efc\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u6c34\u5e73\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u7b2c\u516b\u8bb2\uff1a\u7406\u89e3\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u89c6\u89d2\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u89c6\u89d2<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/3629<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u672c\u6b21\u5206\u4eab\u5c06\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5197\u4f59\u3001\u5355\u72ec\u548c\u534f\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5e76\u5728\u6d8c\u73b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u5fae\u89c2\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4ece\u800c\u89e3\u91ca\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u964d\u4f4e\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u7ebf\u6027\u4e0e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\uff08\u4e8c\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/2250<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5ef6\u4f38\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6b63\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


            <\/p>\n

            \u4fe1\u9053\u5bb9\u91cf\uff08Channel-Capacity\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

            https:\/\/campus.swarma.org\/course\/3159<\/span><\/p>\n

            \u5728\u672c\u8bfe\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e06\u8001\u5e08\u4e3b\u8981\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u9053\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6c49\u660e\u7801<\/span><\/p>\n


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            \u5de5\u4f5c\u804c\u8d23\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n