{"id":33742,"date":"2022-04-10T21:22:44","date_gmt":"2022-04-10T13:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33742"},"modified":"2022-04-10T21:22:44","modified_gmt":"2022-04-10T13:22:44","slug":"%e5%8d%9a%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e7%88%b1%e5%be%b7%e5%8d%8e%c2%b7%e5%a8%81%e5%b0%94%e9%80%8a-%e4%bb%96%e7%94%a8%e4%b8%80%e7%94%9f%e5%8e%bb%e8%ae%b2%e8%9a%82%e8%9a%81%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33742","title":{"rendered":"\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u7528\u4e00\u751f\u53bb\u8bb2\u8682\u8681\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5728\u8bfb\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u751f\u6daf\u521d\u671f\u5148\u540e\u5230\u8fc7\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u3001\u65b0\u51e0\u5185\u4e9a\u3001\u6590\u6d4e\u7b49\u897f\u5357\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5c9b\u5c7f\u3001\u65af\u91cc\u5170\u5361\u4ee5\u53ca\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u548c\u53e4\u5df4\u7b49\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6df1\u6797\u91ce\u5730\uff0c\u63a2\u67e5\u8682\u8681\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u53ca\u5176\u751f\u6001\u7279\u6027\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u8682\u8681\u751f\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u8c31\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1963\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e0e\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u5171\u540c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5c9b\u5c7f\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c2\u6d4b\u6570\u636e\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5c9b\u5c7f\u4e0a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u65b0\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8fc1\u5165\u548c\u539f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u706d\u7edd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u5c9b\u5c7f\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u9646\u5730\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u6bcf\u51cf\u5c11\u67d0\u7247\u68ee\u6797\u6216\u8349\u539f\u9762\u79ef\u768490%\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u79cd\u6570\u51cf\u5c11\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6027\u8bba\u8457\u300a\u6d77\u5c9b\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Theory of Island Biogeography<\/em>\uff0c1967\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u5c06\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u7406\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u540e\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u4eca\u5929\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4f4d\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed61930\u5e744\u67087\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u591a\u4f26\u591a\uff0c1953\u5e74\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e03\u6717\u5927\u5b66\u6570\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c1957\u5e74\u83b7\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u5148\u540e\u5728\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66<\/span>\uff08UPenn\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u7fa4\u843d\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u201c\u6355\u98df\u8005\u2014\u730e\u7269\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7ade\u4e89\u66f4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u79cd\u7fa4\u5185\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u7fa4\u843d\u5185\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7ea7\u522b\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u4f1a\u5728\u7ade\u4e89\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d8b\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\u5c06\u79cd\u7fa4\u548c\u7fa4\u843d\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u5e26\u5165\u5230\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6574\u5408\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u79cd\u7fa4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u30021969\u5e74\uff0c39\u5c81\u7684\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u30021972\u5e7411\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u80be\u764c\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u65f6\u5e74\u4ec542\u5c81\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8d21\u732e\u8bbe\u7acb\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\uff0c\u5956\u52b1\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u88ab\u540e\u4eba\u94ed\u8bb0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3 The Theory of Island Biogeography (Princeton University Press, 1967)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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1971\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u6606\u866b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Insect Societies<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u793e\u4f1a\u6606\u866b\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6606\u866b\u7fa4\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u6210\u5458\u5219\u6309\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8d70\u5411\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u4e66\u4e2d\u6700\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c3d\u7ba1\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u6606\u866b\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u5185\u548c\u5bf9\u5916\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5747\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u6027\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u7c7b\u7fa4\u8fdb\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u8d8b\u540c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u95e8\u6210\u719f\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c1975\u5e74\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u300b<\/span>\uff08Sociobiology: The New Synthesis<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4ece\u7ec6\u83cc\u5230\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b49\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5c06\u4e4b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u201c\u6709\u5173\u52a8\u7269\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u6210\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5728\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u666e\u904d\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5927\u8bba\u6218\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u592a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u90e8700\u9875\u5de8\u8457\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9053\u5fb7\u201d\u548c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7ae0\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u91cc\u9762\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u77ed<\/span>\uff08\u5171\u7ea630\u9875\uff09<\/span>\u5e76\u4e14\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8bf4\u201c\u6211\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u6700\u521d\u6765\u81ea\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u60f3\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u672c\u6027\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u7126\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u5929\u6027\u7a76\u7adf\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u731b\u70c8\u62a8\u51fb\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u4eba\u7269\u5305\u62ec\u4ed6\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u3001\u8457\u540d\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u52d2\u6c83\u6c40<\/span>\uff08Richard C. Lewontin\uff0c1929-2021\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u53e4\u5c14\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Stephen J. Gould\uff0c1941-2002\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8bba\u70b9\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fd8\u539f\u5230\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u51b3\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u76f8\u4fe1\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u51b3\u5b9a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u672c\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1999\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u518d\u7248\u4f5c\u5e8f\uff0c\u6b63\u9762\u56de\u5e94\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u4ed6\u5f15\u8bc1\u4e86\u65b0\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u5f53\u8de8\u8d8a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u62d3\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u73b0\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5206\u754c\u7ebf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u3001\u5c1a\u5f85\u53cc\u65b9\u5171\u540c\u5408\u4f5c\u53bb\u5f00\u62d3\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f20\u4ece\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u6027\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u884d\u751f\u7269\u505a\u51fa\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5230\u6587\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u5b9e\u8d28\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u77e5\u9053\u5927\u8111\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\uff0c\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fb9\u754c\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u548c\u7ec6\u8282\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u786e\u5207\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ecd\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u660e\u663e\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u652f\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4f9d\u7136\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u4f9d\u7136\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e89\u548c\u8fa9\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6301\u7eed\u4e86\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u521d\u6027\u672c\u5584\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u521d\u6027\u672c\u6076\u201d\u6216\u662f\u201c\u4eba\u4e4b\u521d\u6027\u672c\u4e0d\u5584\u4e0d\u6076\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6d89\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4ece\u800c\u6d89\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u201c\u5148\u5929\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u540e\u5929\u201d\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u5ef6\u7ef5\u4e0d\u65ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u603b\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u4e00\u90e8\u4f1f\u5927\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5b83\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5148\u6cb3\u30021989\u5e74\uff0c\u8be5\u4e66\u88ab\u56fd\u9645\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u534f\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Animal Behavior Society\uff09<\/span>\u8bc4\u4e3a\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe4 \u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u300b\uff0c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8457\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff082008\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u201c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08BioDiversity\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1985 \u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u653f\u7b56\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5371\u673a\u2014\u2014\u79d1\u5b66\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6311\u6218\u201d<\/span>\uff08The Biological Diversity Crisis: A Challenge to Science<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u30021986\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u53ca\u53f2\u5bc6\u68ee\u5c3c\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Smithsonian Institution\uff09<\/span>\u8d5e\u52a9\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u201c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5168\u56fd\u8bba\u575b\u201d\u4e0a\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u57fa\u672c\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u8d1f\u8d23\u7f16\u8f91\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u300b\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u3002\u8be5\u6587\u96c6\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u6709\u53f2\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u7545\u9500\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u51fa\u7248\u540e\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u4ee5\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4f20\u904d\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5e76\u7acb\u5373\u6210\u4e3a\u751f\u6001\u4fdd\u62a4\u6587\u732e\u91cc\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u4e00\u30021992\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e00\u767e\u591a\u540d\u6765\u81ea\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5143\u9996\u548c\u653f\u575b\u9886\u8896\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u91cc\u7ea6\u70ed\u5185\u5362\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u5730\u7403\u9ad8\u5cf0\u4f1a\u8bae\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8001Bush\u603b\u7edf\u8fd8\u62d2\u7edd\u4ee3\u8868\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u201c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u516c\u7ea6\u201d<\/span>\uff08Convention on Biological Diversity\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u628a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u63a8\u5165\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u653f\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u5e74\u65f6\u5c1a\u6587\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u987a\u4fbf\u63d0\u53ca\uff0cBioDiversity\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\u6700\u5148\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53ebWalter Rosen\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u884c\u653f\u5b98\u5458\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5168\u56fd\u8bba\u575b\u4e0a\u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u6bd4\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8349\u62df\u7684Biological Diversity\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b80\u6d01\u800c\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e00\u5411\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u656c\u754f\u548c\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5173\u6000\uff0c\u6bd5\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e16\u754c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u5386\u53f2\u535a\u7269\u9986\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u7136\u4fdd\u62a4\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3001\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u5730\u7403\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u9886\u8854\u7ec4\u5efa\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08Edward O. Wilson BioDiversity Foundation\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e3b\u4efb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2000\u5e74\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e3a\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u300b\u53d1\u886825\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7248\u5199\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u76f4\u81f320\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5e8f\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u56de\u5fc6\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb25\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4e3a\u4e4b\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5fc3\u8840\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u2014\u2014\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u201d\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u5021\u5bfc\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8ba1\u5212\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u7f16\u8f91\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u751f\u547d\u5927\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Encyclopedia of Life<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u547c\u5401\u5168\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c3d\u5feb\u7eaa\u5f55\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7ea6180\u4e07\u7269\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u8d44\u6599\u548c\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u653e\u5728\u7f51\u7ad9\u8ba9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u5f00\u653e\u83b7\u53d6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u2019\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u5bf9\u6211\u6765<\/span>\u8bf4\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u5c42\u542b\u4e49\u2027\u2027\u2027\u2027\u2027\u202720\u4e16\u7eaa\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u76f8\u4fe1\u5730\u7403\u8d44\u6e90\u4e30\u9976\u5f97\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\uff0c\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u2027\u2027\u2027\u2027\u2027\u2027\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ed8\u5236\u5b8c\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa\u65e5\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u5730\u7403\u8d44\u6e90\uff1a\u624d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c06\u91ce\u5916\u4e16\u754c\u7834\u574f\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u5a01\u80c1\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u7269\u79cd\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u4ee56500\u4e07\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5feb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6d88\u5931\uff01\u2026\u2026\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u8c03\u6574\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u5730\u7403\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u8005\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u780d\u6389\u4e00\u7247\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u53e4\u8001\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9664\u6389\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u6811\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u6811\u51a0\u4e0a\u6816\u606f\u7684\u9e1f\uff0c\u4f60\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u6570\u5e73\u65b9\u82f1\u91cc\u5185\u7684\u591a\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u79cd\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u672c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u5982\u771f\u83cc\u3001\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5404\u79cd\u6606\u866b\u5728\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5f3a\u8c03\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u653e\u5f03\u73b0\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8ff7\u4fe1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8981\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u65e7\u7684\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u505a\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u60f3\u505a\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u975e\u5e38\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5371\u9669\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u521b\u7acb\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7ed3\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c1984\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u300a\u70ed\u7231\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5929\u6027\u300b<\/span>\uff08Biophilia<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5c06\u6211\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7406\u6027\u7684\u631a\u7231\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u2014\u2014\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u90e8\u4e66\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u662f\uff1a\u5fc3\u7406\u53d1\u5c55\u8868\u89c2\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u89c4\u5219\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe5  2011\u5e74\uff0c82\u5c81\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u5728\u975e\u6d32\u83ab\u6851\u6bd4\u514b\u8003\u5bdf\u6606\u866b<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56db<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u5355\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u6210\u5c31\u6590\u7136\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8fd8\u64c5\u957f\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u9ad8\u4ea7\u4f5c\u5bb6\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e13\u4e1a\u8bba\u6587\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u4e8630\u591a\u672c\u4e13\u8457\u548c\u79d1\u666e\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5230\u4e86\u665a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u66f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5199\u4f5c\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u4ee5\u300a\u8bba\u4eba\u6027\u300b<\/span>\uff08On Human Nature<\/em>\uff0c1978\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u300a\u8682\u8681\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Ants<\/em>\uff0c1990\uff09<\/span>\u4e24\u5ea6\u8363\u83b7\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956<\/span>\uff08Pulitzer Prize\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u5956\u9879\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd1917\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u6742\u5fd7\u97f3\u4e50\u6587\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u5956\u3002\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8f83\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u300a\u7f24\u7eb7\u7684\u751f\u547d\u300b\u300a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u300b\u300a\u521b\u4e16\u8bb0\u300b\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5927\u878d\u901a\uff1a21\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u300b\u4ee5\u53caNaturalist<\/em><\/span>\uff08\u8be5\u4e66\u6709\u4e24\u6b3e\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff1a\u300a\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u81ea\u4f20\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u730e\u4eba\u300b\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2020\u5e74\uff0c91\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u7684\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u56de\u5f52\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u521d\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u6709\u7279\u8272\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u2014\u2014\u8681\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u8682\u8681\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b<\/span>\uff08Tales from the Ant World<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4ed6\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u90e8\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5e8f\u8a00\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5199\u4e8630\u591a\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u5b66\u672f\u6027\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff0c\u6211\u624d\u628a\u8681\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u573a\u4f53\u529b\u548c\u667a\u529b\u4e0a\u7684\u63a2\u9669\uff0c\u6765\u8bb2\u8ff0\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u5947\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u201d\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bb2\u4e8626\u4e2a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u4ee4\u4ed6\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u6216\u8ba9\u4ed6\u81ea\u8c6a\u7684\u4e0e\u8682\u8681\u6709\u5173\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8682\u8681\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u901a\u8baf\u548c\u8ba4\u8def\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u4f5c\u548c\u5fa1\u654c\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u8682\u8681\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u7edf\u6cbb\u201d\u5730\u7403\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u56fe6 \u300a\u8682\u8681\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u300b\uff0c\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8457\uff0c\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\uff082022\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u572889\u5c81\u9ad8\u9f84\u65f6\u5199\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u5c0f\u4e66\u300a\u521b\u9020\u7684\u672c\u6e90\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u518d\u6b21\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u76f8\u4e92\u878d\u5408\u7684\u70ed\u5207\u671f\u5f85\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4ed6\u672c\u4eba\u57fa\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u8d28\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4eba\u751f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0e\u4ed6\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u77e5\u8bc6\u5927\u878d\u901a\u300b\u548c\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u300b\u7b49\u4f5c\u54c1\u91cc\u6240\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u6734\u7d20\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u66f4\u65b0\u548c\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e94<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u4e00\u751f\u8363\u83b7150\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u5956\u9879\u548c26\u4e2a\u8363\u8a89\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u662f30\u591a\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u4f1a\u58eb\u6216\u4f1a\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u6761\u5217\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

1959\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u827a\u672f\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1969\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1976\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1979\u548c1991\u5e74\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u83b7\u666e\u5229\u7b56\u5956<\/span>\uff08Pulitzer Prize\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1989\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u745e\u5178Uppsala\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3001\u82ac\u5170\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\uff1b\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u4e16\u754c\u81ea\u7136\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u9881\u53d1\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\u5e76\u83b7\u745e\u5178\u7687\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662Craford Prize\uff0c\u8be5\u5956\u9879\u662f\u4e3a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u8986\u76d6\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u9881\u53d1\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u8363\u8a89\u5956\u52b1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1993\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1994\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u9009\u4e3a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1995\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bcc\u5170\u514b\u6797\u5956\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f1a\u5956\u7ae0\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u9a6c\u5fb7\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1996\u5e74\uff0c\u88ab\u300a\u65f6\u4ee3\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u8bc4\u9009\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u5f53\u4ee3\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f71\u54cd\u6700\u5927\u768425\u4f4d\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u201d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1996\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u9000\u4f11\uff0c\u4f46\u7ee7\u7eed\u62c5\u4efb\u6606\u866b\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u6559\u6388\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u535a\u7269\u9986\u540d\u8a89\u9986\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

1998\u5e74\uff0c\u83b7\u8036\u9c81\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

2021\u5e7412\u670826\u65e5\uff0c92\u5c81\u7684\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5a01\u5c14\u900a\u8f9e\u4e16\uff0c\u4ec5\u5728\u4ed6\u592b\u4eba Irene Kelley 8\u67087\u65e5\u79bb\u4e16\u56db\u4e2a\u534a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4ed6\u4fe9\u57281955\u5e74\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u513fCatherine\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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