{"id":33830,"date":"2022-04-13T21:40:40","date_gmt":"2022-04-13T13:40:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33830"},"modified":"2022-04-13T21:40:40","modified_gmt":"2022-04-13T13:40:40","slug":"pnas%e9%80%9f%e9%80%92%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%9f%e4%ba%8e%e5%bf%a7%e6%82%a3%ef%bc%8c%e8%89%b0%e9%9a%be%e5%9b%b0%e8%8b%a6%e8%ae%a9%e4%ba%ba%e6%9b%b4%e5%85%b7%e5%88%9b%e4%b8%9a%e7%b2%be%e7%a5%9e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33830","title":{"rendered":"PNAS\u901f\u9012\uff1a\u751f\u4e8e\u5fe7\u60a3\uff0c\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u8ba9\u4eba\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class='wxsyncmain'>\n<section data-mpa-powered-by=\"yiban.io\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;background-color: rgb(246, 246, 246);\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"341\" data-backw=\"578\" data-galleryid=\"\" data-ratio=\"0.5900383141762452\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1044\" style=\"width: 100%;height: auto;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/wxsync-2022-04-ade383d279d3e293281dca3c52ca3d29.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;width: 661px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 3px;outline: 0px;float: left;line-height: 1;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;\">\n<section style=\"padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 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style=\"white-space: normal;\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;clear: none;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0c\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02<strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);text-align: start;\"><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;width: 661px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;vertical-align: middle;display: inline-block;line-height: 0;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-fileid=\"100098753\" data-ratio=\"0.07314814814814814\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1080\" style=\"outline: 0px;box-sizing: border-box;vertical-align: middle;visibility: visible !important;width: 677px !important;height: auto !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/wxsync-2022-04-e16cd5b776e38a4f6806c73548bdc7d4.png\"  \/><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 0pt;margin-bottom: 0pt;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(73, 73, 73);line-height: 1.7;font-size: 11pt;font-family: PingFangSC-light;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: right;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 13px;\">\u90ed\u745e\u4e1c<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;font-size: 13px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 13px;\">\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0.544px;outline: 0px;font-size: 13px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><span style=\"color: rgb(73, 73, 73);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">&nbsp;| \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;padding: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"194\" data-backw=\"562\" data-ratio=\"0.3453488372093023\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"860\" height=\"auto\" style=\"white-space: normal;width: 100%;height: auto;\" width=\"860\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/wxsync-2022-04-b65865f7cefb1b9fa0751746607b7d62.png\"  \/><\/section>\n<blockquote data-type=\"2\" data-url=\"\" data-author-name=\"\" data-content-utf8-length=\"147\" data-source-title=\"\" style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">Early-life exposure to hardship increased risk tolerance and entrepreneurship in adulthood with gender differences<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: left;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2104033119#supplementary-materials<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h1 data-foldable-wrapper=\"\"><\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"font-family:-apple-system-font, system-ui, Helvetica Neue, PingFang SC, Hiragino Sans GB, Microsoft YaHei UI, Microsoft YaHei, Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">\u4e00\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b80\u8ff0<\/span><\/span><strong style=\"font-family: PingFangSC-light;outline: 0px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u8bf4\uff0c\u751f\u4e8e\u5fe7\u60a3\uff0c\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5b89\u4e50\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u5e94\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u5148\u5929\u6216\u540e\u5929\uff1f\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\uff1f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u56f0\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u54ea\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7136\u800c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u968f\u673a\u5c06\u4eba\u7fa4\u6309\u7167\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u53d7\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u5206\u7ec4\uff0c\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5386\u53f2\u539f\u56e0\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u968f\u673a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u8868\u5728&nbsp;<em>PNAS&nbsp;<\/em>\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u75281959-1961\u5e74\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u533a\u7684\u9965\u8352\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u5c06\u9965\u8352\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f53\u505a\u8861\u91cf\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u6307\u6807\u53d8\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e09\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u7684\u8d77\u56e0\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u519c\u4e1a\u8d44\u6e90\u4ece\u519c\u6751\u5730\u533a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u5236\u9020\u4e1a\u548c\u51fa\u53e3\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u968f\u673a\u6c14\u5019\u6ce2\u52a8\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u519c\u4e1a\u4ea7\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u5f53\u7cae\u98df\u518d\u5206\u914d\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5404\u5730\u7684\u53bf\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7cae\u98df\u77ed\u7f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img js_insertlocalimg\" data-ratio=\"0.7469135802469136\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"810\" style=\"\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/wxsync-2022-04-4d7f13bb7e41681beb26a4ac857bbf29.png\"  \/><\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe1 <span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-family: -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 13px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u7684\u9965\u8352\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u8f83\u6df1\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u9965\u8352\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u67e5\u770b2005\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5c0f\u578b\u4eba\u53e3\u666e\u67e5\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u521b\u4e1a\u72b6\u51b5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u548c2013\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5ead\u91d1\u878d\u8c03\u67e5<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08CHFS\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u53d7\u529b\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6311\u90091962\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u51fa\u751f\u5e76\u5728\u6237\u53e3\u6240\u5728\u5730\u5c45\u4f4f\u4e94\u5e74\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u3002\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u53d7\u8bbf\u8005\u5206\u522b\u7ea6\u6709729,000\u4eba\u548c12,000\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 data-foldable-wrapper=\"\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: left;outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\"><span style=\"font-family:PingFangSC-light;\">\u4e8c\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-foldable-wrapper=\"\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">1.&nbsp;\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u548c\u66f4\u5177\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u9965\u8352\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u53bf\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u540e\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u4eba\u6570\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6761\u4ef6\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bf\u7684\u9965\u8352\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6bd4\u5747\u503c\u4e25\u91cd\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5dee\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u53bf\u5bf9\u5e94\u5e74\u9f84\u6bb5\u4e2d\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u6570\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7ea610%\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u521b\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5206\u522b\u589e\u52a017.1%\u548c12.7%\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u7537\u6027\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u65f6\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8d8a\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u53d7\u529b\u4e0e\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u62e5\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\u8be5\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6027\u522b\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u30fc\u30fc\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5bb6\u52a1\u52b3\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u7537\u6027\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u5916\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u4e08\u592b\u9009\u62e9\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u65f6\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u98ce\u9669\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5973\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u57fa\u6570\u53ea\u67091.9%\uff0c\u800c\u7537\u6027\u62e5\u6709\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u662f4.9%\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ece\u603b\u6570\u4e0a\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6210\u957f\u671f\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\uff0c\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7537\u6027\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 data-foldable-wrapper=\"\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 15px;\">2.&nbsp;\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u5c31\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ed3\u679c\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u521b\u4e1a\u4eba\u6570\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u5177\u6709\u521b\u4e1a\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u6d3b\u5230\u6210\u5e74\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bf\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c06\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bf4\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7684\u660e\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u548c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u5f80\u524d\u63a8\uff0c\u6309\u71673\u5e74\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6839\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\u6307\u6807\u62df\u5408\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-ratio=\"2.4015625\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1920\" height=\"1114px\" style=\"text-align: center;white-space: normal;\" width=\"464px\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/wxsync-2022-04-0ef31165d6f6ab636d5c96c9cf925806.png\"  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.5em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 13px;\">\u56fe2&nbsp;\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u6839\u636e\u56de\u5f52\u7cfb\u6570\u9884\u6d4b\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u6c47\u603b\u3001\u7537\u6027\u548c\u5973\u6027\u5206\u5f00\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u865a\u7ebf\u662f95%\u7f6e\u4fe1\u533a\u95f4\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u7ebf\uff0c\u5b9e\u7ebf\u662f\u5747\u503c<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u4ece\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u5dee\u5f02\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7537\u6027\u548c\u6c47\u603b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u636e\u5f53\u4e0b\u8d8a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca59-61\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u8bef\u5dee\u5dee\u5f02\u76f8\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6570\u636e\u652f\u6301\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4f18\u80dc\u52a3\u6c70\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u6548\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u6027\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u662f\u5426\u613f\u610f\u627f\u53d7\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6a21\u7cca\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u627f\u53d7\u529b\u3002\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u98ce\u9669\u627f\u53d7\u529b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6210\u957f\u671f\u7684\u8270\u96be\u56f0\u82e6\u662f\u5426\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8ba9\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65f6\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5fcd\u53d7\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u6210\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u5219\u9700\u8c28\u614e\u5730\u7ed9\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"outline: 0px;white-space: normal;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: PingFangSC-light;text-align: right;font-size: 13px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;text-align: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;\">\n<section style=\"margin-bottom: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;clear: both;line-height: 0;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;line-height: 0;width: 0px;\"><svg viewbox=\"0 0 1 1\" style=\"vertical-align:top;\"><\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;border-left: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-right: 3px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-top-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: rgb(89, 89, 89);\">\u4e09\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-top: -2px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: left;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;float: right;width: 8px;height: 3px;background-color: rgb(33, 166, 210);line-height: 0;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u90a3\u8ba9\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u5728\u6210\u957f\u671f\u4f53\u9a8c\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5728\u653f\u7b56\u4e0a\u5c31\u5177\u6709\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u201c\u56f0\u96be\u5b66\u6821\u201d\uff0c\u5c06\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u4e3a\u672a\u6765\u50a8\u5907\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u521b\u4e1a\u8005\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8be5\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd8\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u4f01\u4e1a\u4ee5\u6062\u590d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u8be5\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e09\u5e74\u81ea\u7136\u707e\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f46\u56f0\u96be\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u98ce\u9669\u3001\u627f\u62c5\u66f4\u591a\u98ce\u9669<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u665a\u5e74\u521b\u4e1a\uff09<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u7684\u539f\u5219\u666e\u904d\u9002\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u73b0\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8fdb\u884c\u53bf\u7ea7\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u91cf\u5316\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4e1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u6027\u522b\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u9f13\u52b1\u5973\u6027\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53c2\u4e0e\u521b\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 data-foldable-wrapper=\"\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"  \/><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(34, 34, 34);font-family: -apple-system, &quot;system-ui&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 6px;padding-left: 6px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;display: inline-block;width: 661px;vertical-align: top;border-left: 5px solid rgb(33, 166, 210);border-bottom-left-radius: 0px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);line-height: 1.4;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\u8bba\u6587 Abstract<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;\">Many entrepreneurs credit their success to early hardship. Here, we exploit geographical differences in the intensity of China&#8217;s Great Famine to investigate the effect of hardship during formative years on individual personality and engagement in business entrepreneurship. To exclude factors that might confound the relation between famine intensity and entrepreneurship, we model famine intensity by random weather shocks. We find robust evidence that individuals who experienced more hardship were subsequently more likely to become entrepreneurs (defined broadly as self-employed or business owners). Importantly, the increase in entrepreneurship was at least partly due to conditioning rather than selection. Regarding the behavioral mechanism, hardship was associated with greater risk tolerance among men and women but increased business ownership only among men. The gender differences were possibly due to the intricate relationship between a Chinese social norm\u2014men focus more on market work, while women focus more on domestic work\u2014and interspousal risk pooling associated with occupational choices. Scientifically, these findings contribute to a long-standing debate on whether entrepreneurship is due to nature or nurture, particularly how hardship conditions people to be entrepreneurial. The findings also highlight the importance of gender differences in shaping the effect of early-life experience on life cycle outcomes.<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size: 15px;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;justify-content: center;\">\n<section style=\"outline: 0px;display: inline-block;width: auto;vertical-align: top;min-width: 10%;height: auto;box-shadow: rgb(0, 0, 0) 0px 0px 0px;border-bottom: 9px solid rgb(169, 215, 227);border-bottom-right-radius: 0px;\">\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"margin-bottom: -15px;outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;outline: 0px;color: rgb(12, 130, 169);font-size: 16px;line-height: 2;letter-spacing: 3px;\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\">\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);font-family: PingFangSC-light;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;\">\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81ea<span style=\"outline: 0px;font-style: italic;\">Nature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);text-align: center;margin-bottom: 0em;\"><img class=\"rich_pages wxw-img\" data-backh=\"174\" data-backw=\"562\" data-ratio=\"0.3088962108731466\" data-s=\"300,640\"  data-type=\"png\" data-w=\"1214\" style=\"outline: 0px;width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;visibility: visible !important;height: auto !important;\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/wxsync-2022-04-fdadfa689e4fd2c0d00404fdcd994125.png\"  \/><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-left: 8px;white-space: normal;line-height: 1.75em;\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(63, 63, 63);\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<section powered-by=\"xiumi.us\" style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\">\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;text-align: center;font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(33, 166, 210);font-family: PingFangSC-light;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;\">\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul class=\"list-paddingleft-1\" style=\"outline: 0px;margin-left: 8px;margin-right: 8px;\">\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247557226&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=a571b3414ebb83cfc467d95355bdc3ac&amp;chksm=e896bae7dfe133f13e6cbd55ed77dcbfb99e9e5664289124465b849765668fb608e84e9df804&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u672a\u6765\u6210\u8d25\uff1f\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u9884\u6d4b\u521b\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u672a\u6765\u6210\u8d25\uff1f<\/a><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247575692&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=f2237bf583b537ed8d0c60408de49fd3&amp;chksm=e896f201dfe17b174f6e863026ad2b116b6faea7dcd41a27b74b125c7e7f654c75e970d62d4f&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"Nature\u7279\u520a\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u767e\u5b9d\u7bb1\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature\u7279\u520a\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6570\u636e\u767e\u5b9d\u7bb1<\/a><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247576018&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=c22f3ca9384262d5168ec6e795f283d1&amp;chksm=e896f35fdfe17a496af7f4df9d4267a597052aec86cb0ff872364941cb6ab6524b907fc1aa84&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"Nature\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7279\u520a\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf921\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff1f\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nature\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7279\u520a\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u5bf921\u4e16\u7eaa\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff1f<\/a><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247576923&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=57f0d320812c01ff6f5ea97c09fc9623&amp;chksm=e896f7d6dfe17ec038e8d238dae313119fca8c62aabd4730896bc99398db981dd5d9d3e0b927&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\" data-linktype=\"2\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u300a\u5f20\u6c5f\u00b7\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u524d\u6cbf27\u8bb2\u300b\u5b8c\u6574\u4e0a\u7ebf\uff01<\/a><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;font-weight: bold;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;text-decoration: underline;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247555842&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=383e07df94e429aa66628a22471b37dc&amp;chksm=e897418fdfe0c899169c672f35d92217a17a558ea929f85aef402b1ec074ed2e1176472a3cc7&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u96c6\u667a\u5b66\u56ed\u5e74\u8d39VIP\u8ba1\u5212\u5f00\u542f\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u63a2\u7d22\u590d\u6742\u6027\" linktype=\"text\" imgurl=\"\" imgdata=\"null\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u6210\u4e3a\u96c6\u667aVIP\uff0c\u89e3\u9501\u5168\u7ad9\u8bfe\u7a0b\uff0f\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a><\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"outline: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 10px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247571346&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=bbaa3da959582bf7575e7c32089e155e&amp;chksm=e8968d1fdfe1040999b2716ea642129064c032a3b84227f51cdc055b82be97682be43d490dd8&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" textvalue=\"\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01\" data-itemshowtype=\"0\" tab=\"innerlink\" data-linktype=\"2\" wah-hotarea=\"click\" hasload=\"1\" style=\"outline: 0px;text-decoration: underline;-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);cursor: pointer;\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;\">\u52a0\u5165\u96c6\u667a\uff0c\u4e00\u8d77\u590d\u6742\uff01<\/strong><\/a><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 8px;margin-bottom: 5px;margin-left: 8px;outline: 0px;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><br style=\"outline: 0px;\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"outline: currentcolor none 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 14px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: -apple-system-font, system-ui, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei UI&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, Arial, sans-serif;\"><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;\"><span style=\"outline: 0px;background-color: rgb(12, 130, 169);\">\u70b9\u51fb\u201c\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u201d\uff0c<strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;\">\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><strong style=\"outline: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.544px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;text-align: left;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: PingFangSC-light;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6458\u8981 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