{"id":33881,"date":"2022-04-17T22:34:56","date_gmt":"2022-04-17T14:34:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33881"},"modified":"2022-04-17T22:34:56","modified_gmt":"2022-04-17T14:34:56","slug":"%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e6%b5%81%e8%a1%8c%e7%97%85%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e8%99%9a%e5%81%87%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e7%9a%84%e6%98%93%e6%84%9f%e6%80%a7%e3%80%81%e4%bc%a0%e6%92%ad%e5%92%8c%e5%85%8d%e7%96%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=33881","title":{"rendered":"\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u514d\u75ab"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Misinformation: susceptibility, spread, and interventions to immunize the public<\/span><\/p>\n

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2020\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08WHO\uff09<\/span>\u5ba3\u5e03\u5168\u7403\u6b63\u5728\u9677\u5165\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Infodemic\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u8fc7\u8f7d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5145\u65a5\u7740\u865a\u5047\u548c\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u5bf9\u91cd\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u4e3e\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u5065\u5eb7\u9020\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u95f4<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\/\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u51a0\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u9075\u5b88\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6307\u5bfc[4,5,6,7]\u3001\u51cf\u5c11\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63a8\u8350\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u610f\u613f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u6709\u5173\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u90a3\u4e9b\u58f0\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u201c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u75ab\u82d7\u201d\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u610f\u613f\u4e0b\u964d\u7ea66%\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u524a\u5f31\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u514d\u75ab\u6f5c\u529b[8]\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5e72\u9884\uff0cFacebook \u7b49\u793e\u4ea4\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5341\u5e74\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u6709\u5173\u65b0\u51a0\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u6444\u5165\u6709\u5bb3\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u66b4\u529b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u503e\u5411\u589e\u52a0\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u65e9\u5df2\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u88ab\u63ed\u7a7f\u7684 MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u548c\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u8986\u76d6\u7387\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u674e\u65bd\u5fb7\u6797<\/span>\uff08Listerine\uff09<\/span>\u5236\u9020\u5546\u8c0e\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6f31\u53e3\u6c34\u53ef\u6cbb\u6108\u666e\u901a\u611f\u5192\u8fbe\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u70df\u8349\u5236\u54c1\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u5438\u70df\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c2014\u5e74\u5229\u6bd4\u91cc\u4e9a\u7684\u57c3\u535a\u62c9\u8bca\u6240\u906d\u5230\u88ad\u51fb\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u9634\u8c0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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    \u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5c06\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6587\u5316\u52a8\u673a\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5b9a\u4e49\u3001\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u822c\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


    <\/section>\n

    \u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u98982\uff1a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n

      \u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u201c\u66b4\u9732\u201d\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u611f\u67d3\u201d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u53cd\u590d\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d7\u4f17\u5b9a\u4f4d\u3001\u4e0e\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u3001\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    • \n

      \u901a\u8fc7\uff081\uff09\u6355\u6349\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff082\uff09\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u98ce\u9669\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u66b4\u9732\u98ce\u9669\u4f30\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


      <\/section>\n

      \u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u98983\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u514d\u53d7\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n

        \u91cd\u70b9\u8bc4\u4f30\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\u63ed\u7a7f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u63ed\u7a7f\uff08\u6cbb\u7597\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9884\u9632\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

      • \n

        \u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5fc3\u7406\u63a5\u79cd\uff08\u5e72\u9884\uff09<\/span>\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\u5e76\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u53ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u5728\u56de\u987e\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u201d<\/span>\uff08misinformation\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5f71\u54cd\u7814\u7a76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5173\u952e\u7ed3\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5305\u7f57\u4e07\u8c61\u7684\u6982\u5ff5[20]\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u516c\u5171\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u540e\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u800c\u5f02\u3002\u201c\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\u4fee\u8f9e\u624b\u6bb5\u3002Box 2\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u672f\u5b9a\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ece\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u5b9a\u4e49\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u201c\u4f2a\u88c5\u6210\u5408\u6cd5\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u865a\u5047\u6216\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u4fe1\u606f\u201d\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u5176\u610f\u56fe\u5982\u4f55\u3002\u867d\u7136\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6b3a\u9a97\u6216\u4f24\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u56fe\u53ef\u80fd\u96be\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5c06\u6db5\u76d6\u6709\u610f\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
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        <\/section>\n
        \n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        Box2 \u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u6a21\u4eff\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6216\u610f\u56fe\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6a21\u4eff\u7684\u7f16\u9020\u4fe1\u606f\u201d[119]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u662f\u5426\u662f\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\u6216\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5373\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5236\u4f5c\u8005\u4e0d\u9075\u5b88\u7f16\u8f91\u89c4\u8303\uff0c\u201c\u865a\u5047\u6027\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c5e\u6027\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u51fa\u7248\u8005\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6545\u4e8b\u5c42\u9762\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u5219\u6301\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ece\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u5236\u4f5c\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u6280\u672f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u754c\u5b9a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f[109]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b9a\u4e49\u8fc7\u4e8e\u72ed\u9698\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u9053\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u9519\u8bef\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u81ea\u300a\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u8bba\u575b\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u666e\u904d\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u57282021\u5e741\u6708\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u533b\u751f\u5728\u6ce8\u5c04\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u82d7\u4e24\u5468\u540e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u201d\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u6765\u6e90\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u800c\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5355\u72ec\u8003\u8651\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u65f6\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4f4d\u533b\u751f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ce8\u5c04\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u82d7\u624d\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6781\u5177\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u9053\u5fb7\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c2021\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728 Facebook \u4e0a\u7684\u6d4f\u89c8\u91cf\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e865000\u4e07\u6b21[121]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u7eaf\u7cb9\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u4e13\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u8fc5\u901f\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u662f\u5047\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f7f\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u5316\u7684\u201c\u771f\u201d\u4e0e\u201d\u5047\u201d\u5206\u7c7b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u65b0\u95fb\u5a92\u4f53\u6700\u521d\u58f0\u79f0\u5e03\u6d1b\u82ac\u4f1a\u52a0\u91cd\u65b0\u51a0\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u7740\u66f4\u591a\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bf4\u6cd5\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u64a4\u56de\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7ecf\u5e38\u8be2\u95ee\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u6216\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u9274\u522b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u771f\u7684\u6216\u5047\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u6807\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6807\u9898\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5b9a\u4e49\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7b5b\u9009\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u5bf9\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u5f02\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u771f\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6216\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u771f\u76f8\u8bc6\u522b\u201d\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u91cf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6807\u9898\u96c6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u73b0\u6709\u5de5\u5177\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u201c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6613\u611f\u6027\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u95fb\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u8bc6\u522b\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u3002\u603b\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e13\u9898\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u6d4b\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u6807\u51c6\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u867d\u7136\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u8bb8\u591a\u8ba4\u77e5\u542f\u53d1\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u865a\u5e7b\u771f\u76f8\u201d\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08illusory truth effect \uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u6bd4\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u6216\u65b0\u5947\u7684\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u65ad\u8a00\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5224\u65ad\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e<\/strong>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u653f\u5ba2\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5f71\u54cd\u8005\u7ecf\u5e38\u91cd\u590d\u8bb8\u591a\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u865a\u5e7b\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b66\u6c49\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u519b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u5de5\u7a0b\u5236\u9020\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u65b0\u51a0\u5e76\u4e0d\u6bd4\u6d41\u611f\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u201d\u7684\u865a\u5047\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5728\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91cd\u590d\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u673a\u5236\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7545\u6027<\/span>\uff08processing fluency\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u5f20\u88ab\u91cd\u590d\u5f97\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u5c31\u8d8a\u5bb9\u6613\u5904\u7406\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5c06\u6d41\u7545\u6027\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8868\u660e\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u4e8b\u5148\u63a5\u89e6\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5176\u88ab\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4f3c\u662f\u800c\u975e\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u865a\u5e7b\u771f\u76f8\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u5148\u9a8c\u77e5\u8bc6\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u4fdd\u62a4\u4eba\u4eec\u514d\u53d7\u865a\u5e7b\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u865a\u5e7b\u771f\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u662f\u5206\u6790\u578b\u6216\u76f4\u89c9\u63a8\u7406\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u867d\u7136\u865a\u5e7b\u771f\u76f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4ecd\u7136\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5305\u62ec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u548c\u5bf9\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e5f\u6709\u4f8b\u5916\uff1a\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\uff0c\u8001\u5e74\u4eba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba4\u53ef\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u653f\u6cbb\u503e\u5411\u8f83\u4e3a\u6781\u7aef\u548c\u53f3\u7ffc\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u6613\u53d7\u8bef\u5bfc\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5982\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8fd0\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u5206\u6790\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f[36,40,41]\u4e0e\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6613\u611f\u6027\u5448\u8d1f\u76f8\u5173\u30fc\u30fc\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u515a\u6d3e\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u56e0\u7d20[42,43,44]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u8bef\u5bfc\u201d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u201c\u758f\u5ffd\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8eab\u4efd\u4fdd\u62a4\u201d\u6216\u201c\u52a8\u673a\u6027\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u4f9d\u6b21\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b0\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
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        1.1 \u758f\u5ffd\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u758f\u5ffd\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08inattention account\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5206\u4eab\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f46\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u5206\u6563\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u504f\u597d\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u5206\u4eab\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u7f51\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u5185\u5bb9\u72c2\u8f70\u6ee5\u70b8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e25\u91cd\u5e72\u6270\u4ed6\u4eec\u51c6\u786e\u5206\u6790\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0d\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u53cc\u91cd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08dual-process theory\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u4eec\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e24\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5206\u522b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf1\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u7684\u3001\u8054\u60f3\u7684\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5177\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6027\u548c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf2\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u201c\u8ba4\u77e5\u53cd\u601d\u6d4b\u8bd5\u201d<\/span>\uff08Cognitive Reflection Test\uff0cCRT\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u5b83\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u96be\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8111\u6d77\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u6216\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u505c\u4e0b\u6765\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf2\u578b\u63a8\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d85\u8d8a\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf1\u578b\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u758f\u5ffd\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728CRT\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e0a\u5f97\u5206\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba[36,41]\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba[48]\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u80fd\u529b\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba[4]\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba[37,49]\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u65b0\u95fb\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fa8\u522b\u771f\u5047\u65b0\u95fb[36]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u6027\u601d\u8003\u6216\u8003\u8651\u65b0\u95fb\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027[50,51]\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63aa\u65bd\u80fd\u591f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4eba\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u7a0b\u5ea6[52]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
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        1.2 \u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u4e0e\u758f\u5ffd\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u7684\u662f<\/span>\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\uff09<\/span>\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u7406\u8bba[53,54,55]\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53cd\u601d\u6027\u63a8\u7406\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6613\u611f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8981\u76f8\u4fe1\u75ab\u82d7\u662f\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u5171\u4eab\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff09 <\/span>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u89e3\u91ca\u65b0\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u865a\u5047\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u90a3\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08motivated reasoning account\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4eb2\u548c\u529b\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u5fe0\u8bda\u662f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u8ba4\u53ef\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u5316\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u51fa\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u65b0\u95fb\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u78b0\u5de7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u56e2\u4f53\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8d1f\u9762\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u95fb\u4f1a\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u66f4\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u6781\u7aef\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u673a\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d<\/span>\uff08motivated numeracy\uff09<\/span>[59]\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5373\u7cfb\u7edf2\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u52ab\u6301\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316[60]\u6216\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a[61]\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u5e73\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5206\u6b67\u6700\u5927\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u65b0\u7684\u76ae\u75b9\u6cbb\u7597\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u5f3a\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u67aa\u652f\u7ba1\u5236\u7684\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5448\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u504f\u6fc0\u548c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e2d\u66f4\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u9519\u8bef\u5730\uff09<\/span>\u5224\u65ad\u6765\u81ea\u4fdd\u5b88\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u81ea\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u7a81\u51fa\u4e86\u653f\u6cbb\u5728\u8fa8\u522b\u4fe1\u606f\u771f\u5047\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528[62]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n

        1.3 \u6613\u611f\u6027\uff1a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u590d\u5236\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c[63]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u515a\u6d3e\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591[43]\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e72\u9884\u6548\u679c\u53d7\u5230\u4eba\u4eec\u653f\u6cbb\u8eab\u4efd\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027[44]\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5931\u8d25\u7684\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u5b9e\u9a8c[64,65,66]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u6709\u5168\u56fd\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u57fa\u7ebf\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u515a\u6d3e\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u786e\u5b9e\u6700\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u5168\u7403\u53d8\u6696\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u8bc6[66]\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6027\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u62b5\u6d88\u751a\u81f3\u626d\u8f6c\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u5728\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\uff0c\u515a\u6d3e\u504f\u89c1\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406[66,67,68]\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e86\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6839\u636e\u8bc1\u636e\u66f4\u65b0\u4ed6\u4eec\uff08\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\u7684\uff09\u4fe1\u5ff5<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u62d2\u7edd\u66f4\u65b0\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u800c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u6216\u5185\u5bb9\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u7b49\u4ef7\u6096\u8bba\u201d<\/span>\uff08equivalence paradox\uff09<\/span>[69]\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u96be\u5c06\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u504f\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e94\u8be5\u5c0f\u5fc3\u5730\u64cd\u7eb5\u4eba\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u865a\u5047\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6613\u611f\u6027\u7684\u66f4\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u653f\u6cbb\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u8eab\u4efd\u52a8\u673a\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u7a81\u51fa\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u975e\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5173\u4e8e\u6cbb\u7597\u666e\u901a\u611f\u5192\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f3a\u4e4f\u3001\u758f\u5ffd\u6216\u6df7\u6dc6\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7b49\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5bf9\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u653f\u6cbb\u5316\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u5728\u52a0\u5267\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6613\u611f\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u504f\u597d\u548c\u52a8\u673a\u63a8\u7406\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u95fb\u6545\u4e8b\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u653e\u5f03\u5bf9\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7684\u6e34\u671b\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u8ffd\u6c42\u7b26\u5408\u4ed6\u4eec\u793e\u533a\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f55\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u65b0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u76ee\u6807\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5f88\u591a\u597d\u5904\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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        \u4e8c\u3001\u4f20\u64ad<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/p>\n

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        2.1 \u6d4b\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u56de\u5230\u4e0e\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6613\u611f-\u611f\u67d3-\u5eb7\u590d<\/span>\uff08SIR\uff09<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cR0<\/sub>\u7ecf\u5e38\u4ee3\u8868\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u4e0e\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u540e\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u5e03\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5f53R0<\/sub>\u5927\u4e8e1\u65f6\uff0c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5c06\u4f1a\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u4f20\u64ad\u5f00\u6765\u5f62\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\uff0c\u5f53R0<\/sub>\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u65f6\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u4f1a\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63a8\u52a8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4e9b\u5e73\u53f0\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5e73\u53f0\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cTwitter\u4e0a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u88ab\u5206\u4eab\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6bd4\u771f\u5b9e\u65b0\u95fb\u9ad8\u51fa70% \uff0c\u771f\u5b9e\u65b0\u95fb\u8981\u4f20\u64ad1500\u4eba\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u76846\u500d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u6bd4\u771f\u65b0\u95fb\u4f20\u64ad\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\u3001\u66f4\u6df1\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u662f\u5bf9\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6838\u67e5\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5e73\u53f0\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u901a\u5e38\u53ea\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u6d88\u8d39\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u626d\u66f2\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u8d26\u6237\u8d1f\u8d23\u5206\u4eab\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d26\u6237\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u5206\u4eab\u8005\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8d85\u7ea7\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u201d[3,24,73]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u81ea\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0cTwitter \u548c Facebook \u4e0a\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u5bf9\u5e73\u53f0\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u5e38\u5e38\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u504f\u5411\u4e8e\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u867d\u7136\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u662f\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6781\u5316\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u52a9\u957f\u4e86\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5e76\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u7ea0\u9519\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

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        2.2 \u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u611f\u67d3<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u6570\u636e\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u4eba\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u9891\u7e41\u63a5\u89e6\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u5929\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u8bdd\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u63a5\u89e6\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f80\u5f80\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u5047\u8bbe\u5f88\u654f\u611f\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\uff0c\u63a5\u89e6\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u8bf4\u670d<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u201c\u611f\u67d3\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\u65b0\u95fb\u6807\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6807\u9898\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u4eab\u610f\u56fe\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u4e8e\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\u5206\u4eab\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7ecf\u5e38\u5206\u4eab\u90a3\u4e9b\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u201c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u771f\u7684\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u201c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u4e0d\u591f\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u6bd4\u771f\u65b0\u95fb\u66f4\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u613f\u610f\u5206\u4eab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

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        2.3 \u4f20\u64ad\uff1a\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u548c\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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        \u4e09\u3001\u514d\u75ab<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc5\u901f\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u8bc4\u4f30\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u4f7f\u516c\u4f17\u514d\u53d7\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u6211\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u9884\u9632<\/span>\uff08\u63a5\u89e6\u524d\uff09<\/span>\u8fd8\u662f\u6cbb\u7597<\/span>\uff08\u66b4\u9732\u540e\uff09<\/span> \u6765\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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        3.1 \u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6838\u67e5\u548c\u63ed\u9732\u771f\u76f8<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u3001\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e00\u6761\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u8bf4\u670d\u4e4b\u540e\u7ea0\u6b63\u8c0e\u8a00\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6491\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8282\u98df\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u652f\u6301[84]\u3002\u63a5\u89e6\u6cd5\u9662\u5f3a\u5236\u7684\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u5173\u4e8e\u5438\u70df\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7ea0\u6b63\u6027\u5e7f\u544a[85]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u5bf9\u5438\u70df\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u6bb5\u89c6\u9891\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63ed\u7a7f\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u75ab\u82d7\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u6216\u8005\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u81ea\u7136\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f3a\u5ea6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9519\u8bef\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u5143\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u81f4\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6838\u67e5\u548c\u63ed\u9732\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6253\u51fb\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e0a\u5371\u5bb3\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u533b\u5b66\u8bef\u89e3\u90fd\u80fd\u540c\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u7ea0\u6b63\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u6790\u540c\u6837\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56e0\u7d20\u663e\u8457\u8870\u51cf\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u8fa9\u9a73\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u548c\uff083\uff09\u5148\u524d\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u95ed\u75c7\u548c\u5438\u70df\u77eb\u6b63\u5e7f\u544a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u522b\u5728\u968f\u8bbf1\u5468\u548c6\u5468\u540e\u663e\u793a\u65e0\u6548\u3002\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u6b63\u65f6\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u6807\u8bb0\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\u6216\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u64a4\u56de\u6765\u66f4\u6b63\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u7f16\u5199\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63ed\u9732\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5bf9\u6587\u732e\u7684\u56de\u987e\u8868\u660e[91,92]\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u62c6\u7a7f\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

        1. \u9996\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u771f\u76f8\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
        2. \u8bc9\u8bf8\u79d1\u5b66\u5171\u8bc6\u548c\u6743\u5a01\u4e13\u5bb6\u8d44\u6e90\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
        3. \u786e\u4fdd\u66f4\u6b63\u6613\u4e8e\u83b7\u5f97\uff0c\u4e0d\u6bd4\u6700\u521d\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u66f4\u590d\u6742\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
        4. \u6e05\u695a\u89e3\u91ca\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4e3a\u4f55\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
        5. \u63d0\u4f9b\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u56e0\u679c\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u867d\u7136\u666e\u904d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u51c6\u5219\u4f18\u5316\u63ed\u7a7f\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6216\u4e00\u5207\u7167\u65e7\u7684\u63ed\u7a7f\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u6bd4\u4f1a\u6539\u5584\u6548\u679c[84]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

               <\/span><\/p>\n

        \u56fe1. \u6709\u6548\u63ed\u7a7f\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5\u5efa\u8bae\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63ed\u7a7f\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5e94\u8be5\u4ee5\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e3a\u5f00\u7aef\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u96be\u5fd8\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7136\u540e\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u542c\u4f17\u53d1\u5e03\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff08\u4e0d\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff09\u3002\u968f\u540e\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u63ed\u9732\u7528\u6765\u8bef\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u64cd\u7eb5\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u6700\u540e\u91cd\u590d\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n

        3.2 \u63ed\u9732\u771f\u76f8\uff1a\u5c40\u9650\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u540e\u7684\u201c\u6cbb\u7597\u6027\u201d\u7ea0\u6b63\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7ea0\u6b63\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ea0\u6b63\u800c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u76f8\u4fe1\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7ef4\u5ea6\u53d1\u751f[92,93]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u7ea0\u6b63\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u201d\u7684\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\uff0cbackfire effect\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cd\u590d<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u719f\u6089\u201d\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ea0\u6b63\u56f4\u7ed5\u6d41\u611f\u548c MMR \u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bf9\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u72b9\u8c6b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u7684\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4ecd\u7136\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u8bd5\u9a8c\u5728\u7ea0\u6b63\u5173\u4e8e\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u672a\u80fd\u590d\u73b0\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u9891\u7387\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u5148\u524d\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u666e\u904d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u53d7\u4f17\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u62c6\u7a7f\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c<\/span>\u5c3d\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u63ed\u7a7f\u8c0e\u8a00\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u53d7\u4f17\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4fee\u8f9e\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u53cd\u9a73\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u590d\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u719f\u6089\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u968f\u540e\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u7ea0\u6b63\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u4fe1\u91cd\u590d\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u865a\u5047\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u590d\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u865a\u5047\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u63ed\u7a7f\u4e00\u9879\u8c0e\u8a00\u65f6\uff0c\u8bbd\u523a\u6027\u5730\u5f3a\u5316\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u63ed\u7a7f\u8c0e\u8a00\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u865a\u5047\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u65f6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u5171\u8bc6\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ece\u4e1a\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7ea0\u6b63\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u9006\u706b\u6548\u5e94\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u4f46\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u963b\u6b62\u53d1\u5e03\u66f4\u6b63\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u6cbb\u7597\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u6027\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u90a3\u6837\u80fd\u8ba9\u540c\u6837\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u636e\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea640% \u7684\u5438\u70df\u8005\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u70df\u8349\u884c\u4e1a\u6cd5\u9662\u547d\u4ee4\u7684\u66f4\u6b63\u4fe1\u606f[98]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u62c5\u5fe7\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u77e5\u66f4\u6b63\u4fe1\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6839\u636e\u8c0e\u8a00\u505a\u51fa\u63a8\u8bba[92]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u201d\uff0c\u5143\u5206\u6790\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u5f71\u54cd\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u529b\u8bc1\u636e[88,89]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n

        3.3 \u9884\u9632\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6700\u8fd1\u5f00\u59cb\u63a2\u7d22\u5bf9\u4ed8\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u9884\u9632\u6027\u6216\u5148\u53d1\u5236\u4eba\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6216\u8fbe\u5230\u201c\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u524d\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u201c\u9884\u9632\u201d<\/span>\uff08prebunking\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u7b3c\u7edf\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5148\u63d0\u9192\u4eba\u4eec\u201c\u5728\u53d1\u5e03\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u524d\u8981\u4e09\u601d\u800c\u540e\u884c\u201d\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd[51]\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6211\u63d0\u9192\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5177\u5907\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u62b5\u5236\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u6280\u80fd\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u9632\u6b62\u6709\u5bb3\u529d\u8bf4\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u662f\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632<\/span>\uff08psychological inoculation\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>[100,101]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u7406\u8bba\u9075\u5faa\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u5e76\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u75ab\u82d7\u89e6\u53d1\u6297\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u83b7\u5f97\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6297\u672a\u6765\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u5c42\u9762\u540c\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5148\u53d1\u5236\u4eba\u5730\u53d1\u51fa\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e25\u91cd\u51cf\u5f31\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5373\uff081\uff09\u52a8\u673a\u5a01\u80c1<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u79cd\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u53d7\u64cd\u7eb5\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u613f\u671b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\uff082\uff09\u53cd\u9a73\u5148\u53d1\u5236\u4eba<\/span>\uff08\u9884\u5148\u63a5\u89e6\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u653b\u51fb\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u63a5\u89e6\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u4e4b\u524d<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e4b\u540e\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u5173\u4e8e\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u610f\u613f\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0[102,104]\u548c\u5143\u5206\u6790[105]\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5bf9\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u9886\u57df\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e73\u817a\u764c\u7b5b\u67e5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e73\u623fX\u5149\u68c0\u67e5\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5f62\u6210\u514d\u75ab\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

               <\/span>\u56fe2. \u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u6838\u5fc3\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u9884\u5148\u8b66\u544a\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8bef\u5bfc\uff08\u6fc0\u6d3b\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u201c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\uff09 \uff1b\uff082\uff09\u9884\u5148\u63ed\u9732\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u7b56\u7565\uff09 \uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u4eec\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\u548c\u9a73\u65a5\uff08\u4ea7\u751f\u8ba4\u77e5\u201c\u6297\u4f53\u201d\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4eba\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u514d\u75ab\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ebf\u4e0b\u548c\u7ebf\u4e0a\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u5c06\u201c\u75ab\u82d7\u201d\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u7279\u522b\u662f\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u9886\u57df\u5df2\u4ece\u201c\u7a84\u8c31\u201d\u6216\u201d\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u7684\u9884\u9632\u8f6c\u5411\u201c\u5e7f\u8c31\u201d\u6216\u201c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6280\u672f\u201d\u7684\u514d\u75ab[102,108]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u7efc\u5408\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u91cd\u51cf\u5f31\u5316\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5e76\u968f\u540e\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u5730\u53cd\u9a73\u8fd9\u79cd\u51cf\u5f31\u540e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e00\u6761\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u91cd\u590d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u6269\u5927\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u6784\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5047\u5192\u4e13\u5bb6\u548c\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6050\u60e7\u64cd\u7eb5\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u7b49\u6280\u5de7\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u6765\u62b5\u6297\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5957\u8def\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u90fd\u4f1a\u76f8\u5bf9\u589e\u5f3a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4ea4\u53c9\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u63a5\u79cd\u4e00\u79cd\u83cc\u682a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u9632\u91c7\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6216\u4e0d\u540c\u83cc\u682a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5c55\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u9884\u9632\u4e0e\u88ab\u52a8\u9884\u9632\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9884\u9632\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u4e8b\u5148\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u90a3\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53cd\u9a73\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u52a8\u9884\u9632\u8fc7\u7a0b\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u201c\u6297\u4f53\u201d\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e3b\u52a8\u9884\u9632\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6e38\u620f\u5316\u9884\u9632\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6e38\u620fBad News\u548cGoViral\uff01\u4e2d[110]\uff0c\u73a9\u5bb6\u626e\u6f14\u4e00\u4e2a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5236\u9020\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u64ad\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u73a9\u5bb6\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u751f\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u63ed\u793a\u64cd\u7eb5\u6280\u672f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\uff081\uff09\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u8bf4\u670d\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u64cd\u7eb5\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4e0d\u6b63\u5f53\u610f\u56fe\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5bf9\u6b3a\u9a97\u7684\u62b5\u5236\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6e38\u620f\u901a\u8fc7\u9884\u5148\u63a5\u89e6\u5f31\u5242\u91cf\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u514d\u53d7\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u968f\u673a\u5bf9\u7167\u8bd5\u9a8c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e3b\u52a8\u9884\u9632\u6e38\u620f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u8bc6\u522b\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f[38,110,113,114]\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u771f\u76f8\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u3001\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b[110,113]\uff0c\u5e76\u51cf\u5c11\u81ea\u6211\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5206\u4eab\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u50cf\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269\u75ab\u82d7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\u5fc3\u7406\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4e5f\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u800c\u51cf\u5f31\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9a\u671f\u7684\u201c\u52a0\u5f3a\u9488\u201d\u6ce8\u5c04\u8ba9\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u201c\u5236\u6b62\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u201d<\/span>\uff08Stop The Spread\uff09<\/span>\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4e0e\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u6838\u5b9e\u201d<\/span>\uff08Verified\uff09<\/span>\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6e38\u620f\u5316\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6570\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u63a8\u5e7f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n

        3.4 \u9884\u9632\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\uff1a\u5c40\u9650\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u4e00\u4e2a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u8003\u8651\u5230\u725b\u75d8\u75ab\u82d7\u4f1a\u628a\u4eba\u53d8\u6210\u4eba\u725b\u6742\u4ea4\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u82d7\u6539\u53d8\u4eba\u7c7b DNA \u7684\u9634\u8c0b\u8bba\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\uff09<\/span> \uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u786e\u5b9e\u9700\u8981\u81f3\u5c11\u5bf9\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u672a\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u7684\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u63d0\u524d\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u533b\u7597\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u5bf9\u6297\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57f9\u8bad\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5fc3\u7406\u9884\u9632\u6765\u5bf9\u6297\u75ab\u82d7\u6000\u7591\u65f6\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u672f\u8bed\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u6dc6\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u505a\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u201c\u9884\u9632\u201d\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u4eba\u4eec\u63ed\u7a7f\u64cd\u7eb5\u6280\u672f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


        <\/p>\n

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        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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