{"id":34116,"date":"2022-04-29T22:39:13","date_gmt":"2022-04-29T14:39:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34116"},"modified":"2022-04-29T22:39:13","modified_gmt":"2022-04-29T14:39:13","slug":"%e5%9c%a3%e5%a1%94%e8%8f%b2%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e6%89%80%e6%89%80%e9%95%bf%ef%bc%9a%e6%96%b0%e5%86%a0%e7%96%ab%e6%83%85%e6%9a%97%e8%97%8f%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e6%80%a7%e5%8d%b1%e6%9c%ba%ef%bc%8c%e6%9d%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34116","title":{"rendered":"\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\uff1a\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u6697\u85cf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u6743\u8861\u624d\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e4b\u9053"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/span>2020\u5e74\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u6700\u521d\u7206\u53d1\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u4e24\u4efb\u6240\u957f\u66fe\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u6743\u8861\uff08tradeoff\uff09\u624b\u6bb5\u624d\u662f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u9053\u3002\u75ab\u60c5\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5df2\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u4fd7\u548c\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u63a7\u5236\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u65b0\u4e60\u4fd7\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bfb\u627e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u652f\u70b9\u201d\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\u4e92\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005David Krakauer\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u73b0\u4efb\u6240\u957f\u53caWilliam H. Miller\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4f5c\u8005Geoffrey West\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6240\u957f\uff0c\u8457\u6709\u300a\u89c4\u6a21\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n


<\/p>\n

David Krakauer\uff0cGeoffrey West | <\/strong><\/span>\u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Leo<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u3001\u66fe\u7965\u8f69<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f20\u723d<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u89e3\u91ca\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u504f\u5dee<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e8c\u6218\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u65b9\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u673a\u7ffc\u4e0a\u4f24\u75d5\u7d2f\u7d2f\u52c9\u5f3a\u8fd4\u822a\u7684\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u65f6\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u4e3a\u6218\u6597\u673a\u7684\u673a\u7ffc\u52a0\u5f3a\u9632\u62a4\u3002\u800c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c83\u5fb7\u00b7\u4e9a\u4f2f\u62c9\u7f55<\/span>\uff08Wald \u00c1brah\u00e1m\uff09<\/span>\u5374\u654f\u9510\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u90a3\u4e9b\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u5f39\u7684\u98de\u673a\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fd4\u822a\u3002<\/strong>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\u519b\u65b9\u4e3a\u8f70\u70b8\u673a\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u52a0\u5f3a\u9632\u62a4\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u98de\u673a\u88ab\u51fb\u843d\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8033\u719f\u80fd\u8be6\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u5e78\u5b58\u8005\u504f\u5dee<\/strong>\u201d\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

\u56fe1\uff1a\u8fd4\u822a\u98de\u673a\u4e2d\u5f39\u5206\u5e03\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u5047\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\uff09\u3002\u5728\u98de\u673a\u673a\u8eab\u5404\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5f39\u6982\u7387\u7b49\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd4\u822a\u98de\u673a\u4e2d\u5f39\u5206\u5e03\u4e0d\u5747\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u9700\u8981\u989d\u5916\u9632\u62a4\u7684\u201c\u8981\u5bb3\u90e8\u4f4d\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u80ba\u708e\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u4e2d\uff0c\u75c5\u6bd2\u6bd2\u682a\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u94fe\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5f39\u75d5\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u663e\u7136\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u201c\u52a0\u5f3a\u9632\u62a4\u201d\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u514d\u75ab\u5b66\u548c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u90fd\u6709\u4e86\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89e3\uff1b\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u53d1\u75ab\u82d7\uff1b\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u5728\u547c\u5401\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u5bf9\u773c\u524d\u77ed\u671f\u5371\u673a\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u5f39\u75d5\u624d\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u7684\u6df1\u5c42\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f39\u75d5\u5c31\u662f\u591a\u91cd\u8026\u5408\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5d29\u6e83<\/strong><\/span>\uff08collapse of multiple coupled complex systems\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a<\/span>\uff08Complexity crisis\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u6b21\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u968f\u673a\u7a81\u53d8\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u77ed\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u5d29\u76d8\uff0c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u9677\u5165\u96c6\u4f53\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u9762\u7c89\u4f9b\u5e94\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u79df\u8f66\u516c\u53f8 Hentz\u3001\u5962\u4f88\u54c1\u96f6\u552e\u5546 Neiman Marcus \u7b49\u5927\u724c\u516c\u53f8\u7533\u8bf7\u7834\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u628a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a\u89c6\u4e3a\u53cc\u91cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u91cd\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d<\/span>\uff08Tradeoffs\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u8fd8\u4f1a\u653e\u5927\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6362\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8865\u6551\u63aa\u65bd\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u548c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u4f20\u64ad\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4<\/span>\uff08Transmission Project\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u5176\u666e\u904d\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6b21\u5371\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u6613\u5bdf\u89c9\u7684\u6d1e\u89c1\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u9700\u8981\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6218\u7565\u6743\u8861\u548c\u505a\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u8861\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u590d\u6742\u673a\u5236\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u5305\u542b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u4f20\u67d3\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u5468\u671f\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u4e34\u754c\u73b0\u8c61\u3001\u89c4\u6a21\u7f29\u653e\u548c\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1. \u6743\u8861\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u67d3\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u67d3<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u67d3<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Contagion\uff09<\/span>\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u63a5\u89e6\u7f51\u7edc\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u548c\u6613\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u5176\u5173\u952e\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u518d\u751f\u6570 R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u60a3\u8005\u4f1a\u4f20\u67d3\u591a\u5c11\u65b0\u7684\u75c5\u60a3\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4f20\u67d3<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Social contagion\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u4e0d\u540c\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u957f\u671f\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u53f2\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u793e\u4ea4\u4f20\u67d3\uff0c\u975e\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u8d77\u5230\u901a\u9053\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5728\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0e\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u636e\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684 R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a2.5\uff0c\u800c\u6d89\u53ca\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u5728 YouTube \u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684 R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u7ea6\u4e3a3.5\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u63a8\u6587\u5728 Twitter \u4e0a\u7684 R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u5219\u5927\u7ea6\u662f5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n
\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2\uff1a\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u53cc\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002A\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc\uff0cB\u4e3a\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u7ebf\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7f51\u53cb\uff0c\u4f46\u7ebf\u4e0b\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u63a5\u89e6\u4f20\u64ad\u75be\u75c5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u88ab\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u8d44\u8baf\u201c\u611f\u67d3\u4e86\u201d<\/strong>\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u8d44\u8baf\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u80fd\u201c\u5148\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e00\u6b65\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u3001\u5730\u9707\u9884\u8b66\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u9884\u62a5\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u6539\u53d8\u751f\u6d3b\u4e60\u60ef\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u6743\u8861\u5b9e\u9645\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\uff0c\u9ad8\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u662f\u5929\u6c14\u9884\u62a5\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea6 60 \u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

2. \u6743\u8861\u5747\u5300\u6269\u6563\u4e0e\u957f\u5c3e\u6269\u6563<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u80fd\u529b\u4f1a\u56e0\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u4e2a\u522b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\u6848\u4f8b\u4f1a\u9075\u4ece\u5e73\u5747\u7684R0<\/sub><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5219\u4f1a\u4f20\u64ad\u7ed9\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u8005\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u60a3\u8005\u4eba\u6570\u53ca\u75ab\u60c5\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4f20\u67d3\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u6bd4\u4f20\u67d3\u5e73\u5747\u503c R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span> \u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u628a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u529b\u91cf\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u90e8\u5206<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u518d\u5728\u5168\u56fd\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u90fd\u6267\u884c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u9632\u75ab\u4e3e\u63aa\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4fe1\u606f\u5316\u5e76\u4e14\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e3e\u63aa\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u9886\u57df\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u6743\u8861\u751f\u7269\u6027\u9700\u6c42\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u9700\u6c42<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6587\u5316\u548c\u751f\u7269\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5f71\u54cd\u7740<\/span>R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e2d<\/span>R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u503c\u662f\u4e24\u8005\u76f8\u4e92\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u751f\u7269-\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4ea4\u9694\u79bb\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66 <\/span>R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u5df2\u7ecf\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u3002\u800c\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u8fd9\u4e00\u4fe1\u606f\u5f97\u4ee5\u4f20\u64ad<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4f20\u67d3\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5730\u533a\u53c8\u8003\u8651\u518d\u6b21\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c<\/span>R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u8d85\u8fc71\u3002\u8fd9\u548c\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u4fdd\u6301\u6052\u6e29\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6052\u6e29\u5668\u5c31\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f <\/span>R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u7684\u6570\u503c\u57281\u9644\u8fd1\u9707\u8361\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u957f\u671f\u4e0e\u75c5\u6bd2\u5171\u5b58\u3002\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7edf\u8ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u65b9\u8d77\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u4f20\u67d3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u957f\u671f\u7684 <\/span>R<\/span>0<\/sub><\/span><\/span> <\/span>\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

4. \u6743\u8861\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9047\u5230\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u75c5\u6bd2\u548c\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5f80\u5f80\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e9b\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u75c5\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u8981\u77ed\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u8759\u8760\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6355\u98df\u8759\u8760\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7b49\u8425\u517b\u3002\u8759\u8760\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5927\u7ea6 20 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u80fd\u5728\u8759\u8760\u8eab\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5176\u4f20\u67d3\u5468\u671f\u4e5f\u66f4\u77ed\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u75c5\u539f\u4f53\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u73af\u5883\u538b\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u5bff\u547d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u8981\u53bb\u9002\u5e94\u5bff\u547d\u77ed\u7684\u8759\u8760\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u64ad\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5219\u8981\u53bb\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f20\u64ad\u80fd\u529b\u5f3a\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5bff\u547d\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe3\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u53f3\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6587\u5316\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u6743\u8861\u98df\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u8425\u517b\uff09<\/span>\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u5065\u5eb7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u6700\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65b9\u9762\u6216\u8bb8\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u5e74\u524d\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u70f9\u996a\u8089\u7c7b\u548c\u5757\u830e\u7c7b\u690d\u7269\u3002\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e73\u7cd6\u4e0d\u8010\u800c\u653e\u5f03\u725b\u5976\uff0c\u8f6c\u800c\u5bfb\u627e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e73\u7cd6\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6536\u76ca\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5168\u7403\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u81b3\u98df\u7ed3\u6784\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9009\u62e9\u6930\u5976\u3001\u674f\u4ec1\u5976\u3001\u8c46\u5976\u7b49\u996e\u54c1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u60a3\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u63d0\u4f9b\u5176\u4ed6\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

5. \u6743\u8861\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u75ab\u60c5\u6269\u6563<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u57ce\u5e02\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u52a0\u901f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u7269\u4e92\u52a8\u800c\u6253\u9020\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u6a21\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u5c31\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5e76\u4f1a\u518d\u6b21\u4fc3\u8fdb\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u65ad\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u7269\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u91cf\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8d85\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u6210\u539f\u6765\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u7387\u4ee5\u53ca\u75be\u75c5\u7b49\u53d8\u91cf\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u539f\u6765\u7684\u4e24\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u75c5\u60a3\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u589e\u957f\u901f\u7387\u4e5f\u548c\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u52a0\u5feb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60a3\u75c5\u75c5\u4f8b\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6210\u6307\u6570\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u968f\u7740\u57ce\u5e02\u89c4\u6a21\u589e\u5927\uff0c\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5404\u9879\u53c2\u6570\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u767e\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u75c5\u4f8b\u7ffb\u500d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e07\u4eba\u53e3\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u57ce\u5e02\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u80fd\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u6743\u8861\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6743\u8861\u5404\u79cd\u9009\u9879\u65f6\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5938\u5f20\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6743\u8861\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u6295\u8d44\u4fee\u5efa\u3001\u6539\u9020\u57ce\u5e02\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

6. \u6743\u8861\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u75be\u75c5\u611f\u67d3\u3001\u8d85\u7ea7\u4f20\u64ad\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e34\u754c\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u57ce\u5e02\u7684\u6269\u5f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u62db\u81f4\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u591a\u91cd\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Path-dependence\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u4f1a\u6bd4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u201c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Lock-in\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u6bd4\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 60 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u8010\u9ad8\u6e29\u3001\u6613\u52a0\u5de5\u7684\u7845\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u96c6\u6210\u5ea6\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 QWERTY \u952e\u76d8\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u952e\u76d8\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u51cf\u5c11\u673a\u68b0\u9519\u8bef\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u952e\u76d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u804c\u573a\u62db\u8058\u504f\u597d\u66f4\u662f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u201c\u9501\u5b9a\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4eba\u552f\u624d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe4\uff1a\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\u952e\u76d8\u5e03\u5c40\u65b9\u6848\u53ca\u70ed\u533a\u56fe\uff0c\u5728\u5747\u5300\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0aQWERTY\u65b9\u6848\u5e76\u975e\u6700\u4f18<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u793e\u4f1a\u4e60\u60ef\u4f1a\u88ab\u6211\u4eec\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u53d1\u5c55\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u526f\u4ea7\u54c1\u3002\u9ad8\u5bc6\u5ea6\u805a\u96c6\u3001\u89c1\u9762\u63e1\u624b\u95ee\u597d\u3001\u65c5\u884c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u6797\u6797\u603b\u603b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6d88\u9664\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e60\u60ef\u6240\u8981\u6295\u5165\u7684\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u4f1a\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u7ef4\u6301\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u6240\u8981\u6295\u5165\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

7. \u6743\u8861\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u6f14\u5316\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81ea\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u8fc7\u9c81\u68d2\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Robustness\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u53ef\u6f14\u5316\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Evolvability\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u5e73\u8861\u6765\u6784\u5efa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u627f\u53d7\u4e25\u91cd\u6270\u52a8\u800c\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e27\u5931\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u8111\u627f\u53d7\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5207\u65ad\u5de6\u53f3\u8111\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u534a\u7403\u4e5f\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u800c\u53ef\u6f14\u5316\u673a\u5236\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6539\u53d8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u673a\u80fd\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63a2\u7d22\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u529f\u80fd\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u88ab\u6620\u5c04\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u9176\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5f02\u4e3a\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u66ff\u4ee3\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6f14\u5316\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5e73\u8861\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u4e0e\u53ef\u6f14\u5316\u6027\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u5bf9\u7acb\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u60c5\u5f62\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u4f01\u4e1a\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u8fd0\u8425\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u7684\u540d\u4e49\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u5197\u4f59\u548c\u8870\u9000\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5927\u516c\u53f8\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u9002\u5e94\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u8870\u9000\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u9009\u62e9\u4e86\u957f\u671f\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u800c\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a33\u5065\u4e0e\u53ef\u6f14\u5316\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u6c42\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u5bfb\u627e\u652f\u70b9<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u662f\u65f6\u5019\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u573a\u5371\u673a\u7684\u957f\u671f\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u661f\u7403\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u793e\u4f1a-\u7ecf\u6d4e\u751f\u6d3b\u90fd\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u8ba4\u77e5\u5f88\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6e34\u671b\u5f97\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3001\u83b7\u53d6\u65b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u5168\u9762\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5371\u673a\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5371\u673a\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7f13\u89e3\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u652f\u70b9\u201d\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\u4e92\u76f8\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u5f53\u4f5c\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
http:\/\/nautil.us\/issue\/87\/risk\/the-damage-were-not-attending-to<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u626b\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u6536\u542c\u97f3\u9891<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n