{"id":34212,"date":"2022-05-05T20:59:08","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T12:59:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34212"},"modified":"2022-05-05T20:59:08","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T12:59:08","slug":"%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%ef%bc%9a%e5%85%b3%e4%ba%8e%e8%ae%a4%e7%9f%a5%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%a4%e7%a7%8d%e8%a7%82%e5%bf%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34212","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u7ecf\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u524d\u6cbf\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5"},"content":{"rendered":"
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David L. Barack, John W. Krakauer<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

JawDrin<\/span> | \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9648\u8d3a<\/span> | \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Two views on the cognitive brain<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41583-021-00448-6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5ff5\u505a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4ecd\u7136\u6301\u6709\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u8def\u548c\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5374\u975e\u5e38\u8fc5\u901f\u3002\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08population doctrine\uff09<\/span>\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08Hopfieldianism\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u6709\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span>\uff08Sherringtonianism\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08neuron doctrine\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u9879\u5168\u9762\u8003\u5bdf\u4ee5\u6982\u8ff0\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b0\u751f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u5c55\u671b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u8ba4\u77e5\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u73b0\u8c61\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5219\u6709\u671b\u63ed\u793a\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5b9e\u4f53<\/span>\uff08neural entities\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u8868\u5f81\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u6027\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8ba4\u77e5\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u8868\u5f81<\/strong><\/span>\uff08representation\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u610f\u6307\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u3001\u6307\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7\u542b\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\u6216\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u5bfc\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7528\u6cd5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cbe\u7ec6\u548c\u9650\u5236\u6027\u7684\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5185\u5bb9\u7684–\u5373\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u7269\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u53ef\u8bc4\u4f30\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u771f\u5b9e\u6027\u3001\u6210\u529f\u6027\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u7b49\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5178\u578b\u8bf1\u56e0\u65f6\u4e5f\u53ef\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7ec4\u5408\u548c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea7\u751f\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u9650\u5236\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e76\u975e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u611f\u89c9\u6216\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u5178\u578b\u8bf1\u56e0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u662f\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6709\u9650\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u4ec5\u6db5\u76d6\u90a3\u4e9b\u643a\u5e26\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7<\/strong>\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u8f6c\u6362\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u4e5f\u56e0\u8fd9\u70b9\u800c\u6d89\u53ca\u5176\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u627f\u8ba4\u5bf9\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0e\u5f53\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bf9\u8be5\u672f\u8bed\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u5b58\u5728\u504f\u79bb\u7684\u60c5\u51b5[2-10]\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53d7\u9650\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bf9\u201c\u8868\u5f81\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u9650\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u5047\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u63d0\u8bae\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u6027\u662f\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4e3b\u5f20\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u987b\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u5f81\u53ef\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53d7\u523a\u6fc0\u7ea6\u675f\uff1a\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8868\u5f81\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u9700\u8981\u523a\u6fc0\u8f93\u5165\u6765\u8bf1\u5bfc\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u4e0b\u989e\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42<\/span>\uff08the inferotemporal cortex\uff09<\/span>\u5305\u542b\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u8868\u5f81[11-15]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u542f\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u7ea7\u8054\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u5448\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98de\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u98de\u673a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4e86\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u7c7b\u522b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u98de\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8868\u5f81\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u98de\u673a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u5e94\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u975e\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e0b\u989e\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8bc1\u636e\u6709\u5f85\u6536\u96c6\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u8ba1\u5212\u65c5\u884c\u3001\u60f3\u8c61\u98de\u673a\u98de\u884c\u6216\u8bb2\u8ff0\u53bb\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u53bb\u590f\u5a01\u5937\u5ea6\u5047\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u98de\u673a\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u663e\u7136\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u7cbe\u5de7\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5c5e\u6027\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4e0e\u8fd9\u79cd\u66f4\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u5f81<\/span>\uff08semantic representations\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5176\u643a\u5e26\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1\uff1a\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\u3002<\/span>\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u63a2\u6c42\u5c06\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u70b9\u5230\u70b9\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u56de\u8def\u548c\u901a\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5de6\u56fe\uff09\u628a\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u8282\u70b9\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u8f6c\u6362\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u76ae\u8d28\u5fae\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u56fe1\u9876\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ae\u8d28\u7b2c4\u5c42\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u9525\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff08P\uff09\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u88ab\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u6295\u5c04\u5230\u7b2c2\/3\u5c42\u7136\u540e\u518d\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u7b2c5\/6\u5c42\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u534a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u56fe1\u5e95\u90e8\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5174\u594b\u6027\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u4e2d\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u523b\u677f\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u76f8\u4e92\u6291\u5236\u548c\u4ea4\u53c9\u6291\u5236\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\uff08b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5de6\u56fe\uff09\u8be6\u7ec6\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u901a\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u9762\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684 CAMK\u2161\u7ea7\u8054\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u78f7\u9178\u5316\u800c\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u6301\u7eed\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ea7\u8054\u3002\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u4e2d\u6050\u60e7\u6216\u7126\u8651\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u5e95\u5916\u4fa7\u548c\u4e2d\u592e\u674f\u4ec1\u6838\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u540c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u60c5\u611f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4fbf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\/\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u8f6c\u6362\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff08\u56fe1\u9876\u90e8\uff0cREF129\uff09\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4ece\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u5750\u6807\u4e2d\u7f16\u7801\u773c\u775b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6295\u5f71\u5982\u4f55\u5ea6\u91cf\u5730\u53d8\u5f62\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u7f16\u7801\u4e0a\u81c2\u548c\u524d\u81c2\u89d2\u5ea6\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u624b\u81c2\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u8d28\u91cf\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7fa4\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\uff09\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u3002\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u51b3\u7b56\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u628a\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7ed8\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u91cf\u7a7a\u95f4\u65f6\u795e\u7ecf\u8f68\u8ff9\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u8f74\u548c\u79fb\u52a8\u8f74\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u968f\u673a\u79fb\u52a8\u70b9\u573a\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u8bc1\u636e\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff09\uff08\u56fe1\u9876\u90e8\uff0cREF75\uff09\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u6cbf\u7740\u79fb\u52a8\u8f74\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6295\u5c04\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u70b9\u79fb\u52a8\u523a\u6fc0\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8f68\u8ff9\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u89c4\u5212\u7684\u80cc\u4fa7\u524d\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u6d45\u7070\u8272\u7ebf\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u4e0b\u6e38\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u8fd0\u52a8\u53c2\u6570\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1aa\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.128, Elsevier\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1ba\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.51, Elsevier\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1ba\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.129, Springer Nature Limited\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1ba\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.61, PNAS\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1bb\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u5de6\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.130 Springer Nature Limited\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1bb\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.75, Springer Nature Limited\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1bb\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u5de6\u4e0b\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.131, Springer Nature Limited\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1bb\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u56fe1\u53f3\u4e0b\u89d2\uff09\u7ecfREF.132, Springer Nature Limited\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cfSherrington\u89e3\u91ca\u53cd\u5c04\u4e00\u6837\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca [19-21]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6216\u5176\u6240\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u7684\u56de\u8def\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68461\uff09<\/span>[22]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u5bf920\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e14\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u67a2\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Central Nervous System\uff0cCNS\uff09<\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4f7f\u7528\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b9e\u73b0\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63cf\u8ff0\u5305\u62ec\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u4f20\u9012\u51fd\u6570\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u6267\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u6811\u7a81\u6811\u6216\u8f74\u7a81\u5c0f\u4e18\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u5bfc\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c40\u90e8\u56de\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff1a\u54ea\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0e\u54ea\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u8fde\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u662f\u7531\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56de<\/span>\u8def\uff0c\u8be5\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u7531\u5177\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u4f20\u9012\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u5177\u6709\u52a0\u6743\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u7f51\u7edc\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u70b9\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u662f\u7a81\u89e6\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u4ece\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6267\u884c\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u5219\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6444\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u4f20\u9012\u51fd\u6570\u8f6c\u6362\u8be5\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8f93\u51fa\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u7b97\u70b9\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u5355\u7eaf\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0[23]\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u7701\u7565\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6ee1\u8db3\u201c\u4e2d\u7b49\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08medium independence\uff09\uff08\u89c1\u65b9\u68462\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5047\u8bbe\uff1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u50cf\u53cd\u5c04<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u4e92\u6291\u5236\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u773c\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\u79ef\u5206\u5668\uff0cneural integrator\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u534a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6a21\u578b\uff0chalf-centre model\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u7b97\u6cd5\u62bd\u8c61\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u6982\u5ff5\u7b97\u6cd5\u6700\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5355\u4e00\u7ecf\u5178\u56de\u8def\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u76ae\u5c42\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53731970\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u6240\u6709\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u6d3b\u52a8[24-26]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u822c\u91c7\u53d6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u8be5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u65b9\u68461\uff1a\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

                  1,2a                                           3a,4a                         2b,3b,4b<\/span><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\uff1a\u7a97\u6237\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7834\u88c2\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1 \u7a97\u6237\u56e0\u7403\u649e\u649e\u51fb\u800c\u788e<\/span><\/p>\n

2a \u7403\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a97\u6237\u4f1a\u788e<\/span><\/p>\n

2b \u7a97\u6237\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f88\u8106\u6240\u4ee5\u4f1a\u788e<\/span><\/p>\n

3a \u7403\u7684\u6295\u63b7\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u7403\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u52a8\u91cf<\/span><\/p>\n

3b \u73bb\u7483\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u8106\u6027<\/span><\/p>\n

4a \u6295\u7403\u7684\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u6295\u7403\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c<\/span><\/p>\n

4b \u73bb\u7483\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/p>\n

4c \u73bb\u7483\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u73bb\u7483\u7684\u5236\u9020\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e24\u79cd\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u5206\u6b67<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u89e3\u91ca\u7ea7\u522b\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7a97\u6237\u4e3a\u4f55\u7834\u88c2\u65f6\uff0c\u7403\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u786c\u5ea6\u6bd4\u7403\u6216\u7a97\u6237\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u7269\u7406\u6210\u5206\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u89e3\u91ca\u7403\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u786c\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c5e\u6027\u5c06\u5206\u522b\u4ece\u7403\u7684\u6295\u63b7\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u7403\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u653e\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u7403\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u629b\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5206\u5b50\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\uff0c\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u4fbf\u5904\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u89e3\u91ca\u7ea7\u522b\u662f\u6307\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ea7\u522b\u662f\u6307\u89e3\u91ca\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7ee7\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u4e8c\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5360\u4f4d\u7b26\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u4e8c\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u7ea7\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u89c2\u770b\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/strong>\u3002\u524d\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ca\u5176\u7ec6\u8282\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n


<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u65b9\u68462\uff1aMarr \u4e09\u5c42\u6b21\u5206\u6790<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Marr[133]\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5206\u6790\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3a\u5206\u6790\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\u7ed9\u51fa\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\uff0cMarr\u5c06\u4e4b\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u751f\u6001\u201d\u5c42<\/strong>[134]\u3002\u8be5\u5c42\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u4f55\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u8ddf\u8e2a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u91cf\u5e76\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u8f6c\u6362\uff1f\u8fd9\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u624d\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898[135]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c42\uff0c\u5373\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c42<\/strong>\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6267\u884c\u5728\u751f\u6001\u5c42\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u6027\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8ddf\u8e2a\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u5728\u751f\u6001\u5c42\u9762\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\uff1f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u5982if-then\u8bed\u53e5\u3001for\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\uff1f\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u5408\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u6267\u884c\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1f\u4ee5\u4ec0\u4e48\u987a\u5e8f\u6267\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6216\u7ec4\u5408\u529f\u80fd\uff1f\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c42\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u96c6\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5982\u4f55\u7ec4\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u67b6\u6784\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u5c42\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u80fd\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6216\u5927\u8111<\/span>\uff08\u4e2d\u7b49\u72ec\u7acb\u6027[136]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

2\u3001\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u9610\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u5904\u7406\u6d41\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0cMT\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6295\u5c04\u81f3\u5916\u4fa7\u9876\u53f6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143[37]\u3002\u5f53\u5411\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5c55\u793a\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bc1\u636e\u65f6\uff0c\u5916\u4fa7\u9876\u53f6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u523b\u677f\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u773c\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f00\u59cb\u4e4b\u524d\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5411[29]\u3002\u8be5\u6d3b\u52a8\u5df2\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u5c06\u8bc1\u636e\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65b9\u5411[33]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u6700\u8fd1\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218[38,39]\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u8ba1\u5212\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2\uff1a\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u51b3\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002a<\/strong>.\u968f\u673a\u70b9\u8fd0\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u51fa\u73b0\u65f6\uff0c\u7334\u5b50\u9996\u5148\u6ce8\u89c6\u7136\u540e\u4fdd\u6301\u6ce8\u89c6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u968f\u673a\u79fb\u52a8\u70b9\u573a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u70b9\u4e00\u81f4\u5730\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7334\u5b50\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u773c\u775b\u5411\u76f8\u5e94\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u79fb\u52a8\u6765\u6307\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002b<\/strong>. \u7528\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u672f\u8bed\u89e3\u91ca\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u5173\u4e8e\u70b9\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u7531MT\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u643a\u5e26\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u8be5\u4fe1\u53f7\u6cbf\u4e13\u7528\u8def\u5f84\u53d1\u9001\u5230\u5916\u4fa7\u9876\u53f6\u533a\u57df\uff08LIP\u533a\u57df\uff09\u3002LIP\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6574\u5408\u6765\u81eaMT\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8bc1\u636e\u603b\u548c\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u8868\u793a\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u4e0b\u6e38\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u542f\u52a8\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u5f62\u6210\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1a\u5411\u7334\u5b50\u663e\u793a\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u968f\u673a\u70b9\u79fb\u52a8\uff08\u6cbf\u76f8\u540c\u65b9\u5411\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u70b9\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff09\u3002\u7b2c1\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cMT\u533a\u57df\uff1a\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u653e\u7535\u7387\u3002\u7b2c2\u9636\u6bb5\uff0cLIP\u533a\u57df\uff1a\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u4eceMT\u4e2d\u5efa\u6a21\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u90a3\u91cc\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002LIP\u533a\u57df\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u504f\u597dMT\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u7684\u603b\u548c\u3002LIP\u533a\u57df\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0eMT\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fd0\u52a8\u504f\u597d\u65b9\u5411\u5339\u914d\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\u504f\u597d\u3002\u8be5\u8f93\u5165\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7d2f\u52a0\uff0c\u6dfb\u52a0\u57fa\u7ebf\u504f\u79fb\u540e\uff0c\u5efa\u6a21\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0e\u8be5\u603b\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u7b2c3\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\uff1aLIP\u5de6\u53f3\u9009\u62e9\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u653e\u7535\u7387\u968f\u5176\u8f93\u5165\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u4fbf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u9009\u62e9\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1aa\u548cb\u7ecfREF.32, Oxford University Press\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u5608\u6742\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u505a\u51fa\u77e5\u89c9\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4ece\u8fd0\u52a8\u5904\u7406\u533a\u57df\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u63a5\u6536\u77e5\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u603b\u7ed3\u8fd0\u52a8\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u6982\u51b5\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u6267\u884c\u4e86\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u7531\u9002\u5f53\u8fde\u63a5\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6267\u884c\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u56de<\/span>\u8def\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4f55\u5904\u6536\u96c6\u4fe1\u606f\u3001\u5982\u4f55\u5236\u5b9a\u957f\u671f\u8ba1\u5212\u6216\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec4\u6210\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

3\u3001\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd1\u6765\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u53d7\u5230\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u5224\u3002\u5982\u6709\u6279\u5224\u6307\u51fa\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u523a\u6fc0\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7ec4\u5408[40]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u62a8\u51fb\u6e90\u4e8e\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc[41]\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6279\u5224\u3002\u8be5\u6279\u5224\u6307\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u5f02\u6216<\/span>\uff08XOR\uff09<\/span>\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97[42]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u523a\u6fc0\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u732b\u6216\u72d7\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u7ebf\u6027\u524d\u9988\u5355\u5c42\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5f02\u6216\u6790\u53d6\u5206\u7c7b\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u6392\u4ed6\u6790\u53d6\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u6210\u4e3a\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u52a8\u673a\u4e4b\u4e00<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3c\uff09<\/span>[40,43]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u611f\u77e5\u5668\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\uff0cXOR\u6311\u6218\u662f\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u811a\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u5668\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u4f46\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6267\u884cXOR\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6ca1\u6709\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u5148\u9a8c\u8bba\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u795e\u7ecf\u5143A\u548cB\u90fd\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143C\u4e0a\u5f62\u6210\u7a81\u89e6\uff0cA\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u4e3a\u20131\uff0cB\u4e0a\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u4e3a+1\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53C\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u5927\u4e8e+0.5\u65f6\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143C\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u653e\u3002\u5e76\u5047\u8bbe\u8f93\u5165\u662f\u52a0\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6fc0\u6d3b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5904\u4e8e\u72b6\u60011\uff0c\u975e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5904\u4e8e\u72b6\u60010\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143A\u548cB\u90fd\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u5c06\u62b5\u6d88\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5219\u795e\u7ecf\u5143C\u5c06\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u70b9\uff0c\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8fdb\u884c\u5f02\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u969c\u788d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bc9\u8bf8\u7279\u6b8a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u4e09\u5143\u7ec4\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u65e0\u6cd5\u6269\u5c55\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f02\u6216\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u56de\u8def<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u67e5\u627e\u8868\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684[1]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7edd\u5bf9\u503c\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u51fd\u6570\u8ba1\u7b97XOR\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8981\u6c42\u5355\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u53ea\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u7ebf\u6027\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u793a\u4f8b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8eXOR\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82e5\u5047\u8bbe\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u8bfb\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b63\u8d1f\u6743\u91cd\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u4e13\u7528\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u653e\u5bbd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8be5\u7ed3\u8bba\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u6587\u732e\u90fd\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9[44,45]\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u79bb\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u6d77\u9a6c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143[46,47]\u548c\u6765\u81ea\u76ae\u8d28\u5c422\/3\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230 XOR \u8ba1\u7b97[48]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4eba\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u6df7\u54cd\u6d3b\u52a8<\/span>\uff08reverberating activity\uff09<\/span>[49]\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u96c6\u5408<\/span>\uff08cell assemblies\uff09<\/span>[50]\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u6a21\u5f0f\u53d1\u751f\u5668<\/span>\uff08central pattern generators\uff09<\/span>[51]\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u632f\u8361\u901a\u4fe1[52]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u4ece\u9ad8\u7ef4\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u63ed\u793a\u4f4e\u7ef4\u6f5c\u5728\u7ed3\u6784[53-55]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u6bcf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7279\u6027\u5728\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7279\u5b9a\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u7eb3\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u7f16\u7801\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u4f4e\u7ef4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u56de\u8def\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5d4c\u5165\u5f0f\u6f5c\u5728\u4f4e\u7ef4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u5c40\u90e8\u56de\u8def\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u6765\u4f30\u8ba1\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u7ef4\u6570[56-59]\u3002\u5728\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6574\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u6838\u5fc3\u89e3\u91ca\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u4ec5\u5f53\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u56de\u8def\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u5931\u8d25\u65f6\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u8ba1\u7b97\u73b0\u8c61\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u9020\u6210\u51b2\u51fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e09\u3001\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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1\u3001\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5b9a\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e0e\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6b63\u5982Hopfield\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u6837[50,60-65]\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u96c6\u4e2d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4e\u7ef4\u8868\u5f81\u6d41\u5f62[66]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u96c6\u5408[50,67,68]\u3001\u5927\u8111\u533a\u57df[67,69]\u6216\u6574\u4e2a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u8868\u5f81[70]\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u5176\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u805a\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u5176\u8be6\u7ec6\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0<\/strong>\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5b8c\u5168\u907f\u5f00\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7ec6\u8282[71]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7531\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u5b9e\u4f53\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u79fb\u52a8\u6216\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u5c31\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b9e\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u5438\u5f15\u76c6<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u65e0\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53c2\u6570\u7a7a\u95f4\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7ef4\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8868\u5f81\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u54f2\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684 quality-space \u65b9\u6cd5\u5171\u4eab\u5185\u5bb9\u6982\u5ff5\u5316[72,73]\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c31\u662f\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u6216\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7279\u5f81\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5438\u5f15\u5b50\u3001\u5206\u5c94\u3001\u6781\u9650\u73af\u3001\u8f68\u8ff9\u7b49\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u7ecf\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u8be5\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79fb\u52a8\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684[16,18,40,66]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2\u3001\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u9610\u8ff0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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c.\u57fa\u672c\u903b\u8f91\u8fd0\u7b97\u9700\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u7ef4\u5ea6\uff08f1\u3001f2\u3001f3\u662f\u8868\u5f81\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ef4\u6570\uff09\u3002\u5de6\u56fe\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5f02\u6216\u89c4\u5219\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5e73\u9762\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5e73\u9762\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u753b\u51fa\u76f4\u7ebf\u5c06\u9ec4\u8272\u9879\u76ee\u4e0e\u7ea2\u8272\u9879\u76ee\u5206\u5f00\u3002\u53f3\u56fe\uff1a\u53d8\u6362\u5230\u4e09\u7ef4\u4e2d\u5141\u8bb8\u7ebf\u6027\u5206\u7c7b\u5668\u6b63\u786e\u5206\u7c7b\u9879\u76ee\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1aa\u548cb\u7ecfREF.78, Springer Nature Limited\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\uff1bc\u7ecfREF.40, Elsevier.\u8bb8\u53ef\u6539\u4fee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3\u3001\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e24\u79cd\u56de\u7b54\u90fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u8d56\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u5d4c\u5165\u5728\u9ad8\u7ef4\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u5730\u9a71\u52a8\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u4e0b\uff0c\u663e\u8457\u7684\u5355\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ece\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6301\u6709\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u5b66\u8005\u5173\u6ce8\u795e\u7ecf\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u539f\u5219\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u51ed\u501f\u6784\u6210\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u8fde\u63a5\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u6267\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6784\u6210\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u805a\u5408\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e0e\u8be5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5fc5\u987b\u575a\u6301\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ca\u5176\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u6784\u6210\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff1b\u800c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5219\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c2\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\uff0c\u4e0e\u4ece\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u91c7\u6837\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u65e0\u5173\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u4e00\u7ec4\u5df2\u8bc6\u522b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9664\u4e86\u5355\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5927\u8111\u7684\u63a5\u7ebf\u56fe<\/span>\uff08wiring diagrams\uff09<\/span>\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u8def[90]\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u79cd\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u89c6\u89c9\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528[91]\u3002\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08population dynamics\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5e03\u7ebf\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u56de\u7b54\u3002\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u56de\u7b54\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u63a5\u7ebf\u56fe\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u5e03\u7ebf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u6001\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7fa4\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4f46\u533a\u57df\u5185\u6216\u533a\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u89c4\u8303\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u795e\u7ecf\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4fe1\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f20\u9012\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u8bba\u3002\u6781\u7aef\u5730\u9075\u5faa\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u575a\u6301\u6392\u65a5\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u533a\u57df\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7684[70,92]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6b64\u5904\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5219\u7531\u6765\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f62\u6210\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8be5\u4e89\u8bba\u6d89\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong>[20,50,63,95-99]\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong>[18,66]\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b66\u8bf4\u6700\u521d\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f51\u72b6\u4e3b\u4e49\u800c\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u5316\u8eab\u5f3a\u8c03\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6b67\u6f14\u53d8\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b66\u8bf4\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89e3\u91ca\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u5c06\u53d1\u6325\u4e2d\u5fc3\u89e3\u91ca\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u5f53\u5e73\u5eb8\u7248\u672c\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u66f4\u5408\u7406\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u5df2\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u65b0\u9610\u8ff0\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u90fd\u627f\u8ba4\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u9996\u5148\u8003\u8651\u5f3a\u8c03\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u65e2\u4e0d\u53cb\u5584\u4e5f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u89c6\u89c9\u573a\u666f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5355\u4e2a\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u7ec6\u80de\u6355\u6349\u5230\u3002\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b66\u8bf4\u6700\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u884c\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8005\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143+\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08neuron+ doctrine\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/span><\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u96c6\u4e2d\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u5f53\u524d\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u76db\u884c\u7684\u201c\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u7834\u89e3\u201d\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u2018circuit-cracking\u2019 approach\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u8c03\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u95f4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u6240\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143+\u5b66\u8bf4\u53ef\u4ee5\u9002\u7528\u6709\u5173\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143+\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e0e\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u65e0\u5f02\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u9700\u8981\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u95f4\u7684\u56de<\/span>\u8def\u89c4\u8303\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u73b0\u8c61\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5355\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6210\u5206\u6240\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u6765\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8ba4\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u6709\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8fde\u63a5\u4e0e\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u6700\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\uff1a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7fa4\u4f53+\u5b66\u8bf4<\/strong><\/span>\uff08population+ doctrine\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u4f53\u662f\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5668<\/strong>\u3002\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53+\u5b66\u8bf4<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u65e0\u5f02\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5173\u952e\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u540c\u5316\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u603b\u662f\u7531\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u7531\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u9a71\u52a8\u8fd8\u662f\u53d7\u8bb8\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8f6c\u5411\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7fa4\u4f53\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u65f6\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ca\u5176\u70b9\u5bf9\u70b9\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u624d\u4f1a\u7a81\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5c06\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u548c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5b66\u8bf4\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b66\u8bf4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5426\u8ba4\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u548c\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e3b\u5f20\u76f8\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3b\u5bfc\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e2d\u90fd<\/span>\u5305\u542b\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6216\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u5426\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u89c2\u5ff5\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9610\u8ff0\u7684\u66f4\u52a0\u63a5\u8fd1\uff1f\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u548c\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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2\u3001\u66ff\u4ee3\u6216\u7b80\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a[66]\uff0c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53+\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u53d6\u4ee3\u65e7\u7684\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u5e93\u6069\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Kuhn\u2019s classic model\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d[100]\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u9762\u4e34\u5f53\u524d\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u5b66\u8bf4\u96be\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u79d1\u5b66\u9769\u547d\u3002\u6392\u4ed6\u6790\u53d6[40,42,43]\u548c\u524d\u989d\u76ae\u8d28\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027[75]\u90fd\u5bf9\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9762\u4e34\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53+\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u9769\u547d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u800c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5f31\u5316\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u80cc\u540e\u7ec6\u80de\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u89e3\u51b3\u6df7\u5408\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u548c\u6392\u4ed6\u6790\u53d6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u6311\u6218\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u5373\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u8ba4\u77e5\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u56de\u8def\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\u7814\u7a76\u6606\u866b\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u884c\u52a8[101,102]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u8bc9\u8bf8\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bed\u4e49\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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3\u3001\u8c03\u548c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u53ef\u80fd\u53cd\u800c\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f25\u5408\u4e24\u79cd\u89c2\u5ff5\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u81ea\u7f3a\u9677\u800c\u4e0d\u653e\u5f03\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba4\u77e5\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u5b57\u5178\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ecFuster\u7684cognits [104]\u3001Arbib\u7684\u5927\u8111\u8fd0\u4f5c\u539f\u7406[105]\u6216Carandini\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97[106]\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u52a8\u6001\u8054\u5408\u7684\u51e0\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5[67,68]\u3002Wang\u5728\u6df7\u54cd\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u6d01\u793a\u4f8b[49,107]\u3002\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u6df7\u54cd\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u57fa\u672c\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u5f53\u4e2d[108,109]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u529f\u80fd\u7c7b\u578b\u7ec4\u5408\u6210\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u8ba4\u77e5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u4eec\u5145\u5176\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u4e8c\u7ea7\u89e3\u91ca\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

4\u3001\u9769\u547d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5728\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e2d\u6709\u6700\u597d\u7684\u8df3\u677f\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u5176\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u8f83\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u6027\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u4e0a\u90fd\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u8868\u5f81\u65b9\u9762\u5907\u53d7\u6279\u8bc4\uff0c\u800c\u970d\u666e\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u5219\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u8c22\u7075\u987f\u5f0f\u89c2\u5ff5\u9700\u8981\u5c06\u8ba4\u77e5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u795e\u7ecf\u56de\u8def\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8ba4\u77e5\u6765\u81ea\u6267\u884c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u56de\u8def<\/span>\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u56de\u8def<\/span>\u6267\u884c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u53cd\u5c04\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53ea\u80fd\u4e3a\u5355\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u5206\u914d\u8bed\u4e49\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u5b58\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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