{"id":34281,"date":"2022-05-07T18:17:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-07T10:17:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34281"},"modified":"2022-05-07T18:17:20","modified_gmt":"2022-05-07T10:17:20","slug":"%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e8%a7%86%e8%a7%92%e7%9c%8b%e6%96%b0%e5%86%a0%e5%a4%a7%e6%b5%81%e8%a1%8c%ef%bc%9a%e4%b8%8d%e7%a1%ae%e5%ae%9a%e6%97%b6%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e6%9b%99%e5%85%89%e4%bd%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34281","title":{"rendered":"\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\u770b\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\uff1a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u4f55\u5728"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/strong>\u300c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u4ecd\u5728\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f53\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5de5\u5177\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001 \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5e94\u5bf9\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684 Jessica Flack \u6559\u6388\u548c Melanie Mitchell \u6559\u6388\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u3001\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u9053\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5728\u660f\u6697\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6478\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u9053\u5149\u662f\u9ece\u660e\u524d\u7684\u66d9\u5149\u3002<\/strong>
<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

Jessica Flack, Melanie Mitchell | <\/strong><\/span>\u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Leo<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> | \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u539f\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/p>\n

Uncertain times<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/p>\n

https:\/\/aeon.co\/essays\/complex-systems-science-allows-us-to-see-new-paths-forward<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u667a\u4eba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u884c\u8d70\u4e86\u7ea620\u4e07\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u80fd\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5229\u7528\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7a33\u5065\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u30022020\u5e74\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u8fc5\u731b\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed9\u51fa\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u6709\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u672a\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u63aa\u65bd\u4e2d\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u4e0d\u5747\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6df7\u4e71\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u5728\u660f\u6697\u7684\u5149\u7ebf\u4e2d\u6478\u7d22\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u9053\u5149\u662f\u9ece\u660e\u524d\u7684\u66d9\u5149<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong><\/span>\uff08complex system\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e92\u76f8\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53<\/strong><\/span>\uff08agent\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5e76\u5b66\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5398\u6e05\u5e76\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6311\u6218\u2014\u2014\u4ece\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5230\u8d2b\u7a77\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u5d29\u6e83\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e2d\u9884\u77e5\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u603b\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7a76\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u5c31\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/strong>\u5728\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u514b\u65af\u7684\u300a\u767e\u5e74\u5b64\u72ec\u300b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u51e0\u9875\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u7ffb\u8bd1\u624b\u7a3f\u7684<\/span>\u5965\u96f7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u00b7\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5bf9\u5176\u52a0\u4ee5\u5e72\u6270\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\n

\u4f46\u6ca1\u7b49\u770b\u5230\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u884c\u4fbf\u5df2\u660e\u767d\u81ea\u5df1\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u8d70\u51fa\u8fd9\u623f\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6599\u8fd9\u5ea7\u955c\u5b50\u4e4b\u57ce\u2014\u2014\u6216\u8703\u666f\u4e4b\u57ce\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u5728\u5965\u96f7\u91cc\u4e9a\u8bfa\u00b7\u5df4\u6bd4\u4f26\u5168\u90e8\u8bd1\u51fa\u7f8a\u76ae\u5377\u4e4b\u65f6\u88ab\u98d3\u98ce\u62b9\u53bb\uff0c\u4ece\u4e16\u4eba\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u6839\u9664\uff0c\u7f8a\u76ae\u5377\u4e0a\u6240\u8f7d\u4e00\u5207\u81ea\u6c38\u8fdc\u81f3\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u91cd\u590d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u514b\u65af \u300a\u767e\u5e74\u5b64\u72ec\u300b\uff0c\u8303\u6654\u8bd1<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
         <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u514b\u65af \u300a\u767e\u5e74\u5b64\u72ec\u300b\u8303\u6654\u8bd1 \u5357\u6d77\u51fa\u7248\u516c\u53f8<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0e\u9a6c\u5c14\u514b\u65af\u7684\u9b54\u5e7b\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u6ca1\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u2014\u2014\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u63a8\u7406\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u597d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5b66\u4f1a\u62e5\u62b1\u548c\u9a7e\u9a6d\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u505a\u51fa\u72ed\u9698\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u7a33\u5065\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5f3a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u591a\u53d8\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1. \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u590f\u65e5\u591c\u665a\uff0c\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u7684\u8424\u706b\u866b\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u95ea\u70c1\u7740\u8367\u5149\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5355\u4e2a\u8424\u706b\u866b\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u90bb\u8fd1\u8424\u706b\u866b\u7684\u5149\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u95ea\u5149\u3002\u4f9d\u636e\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u5236\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8424\u706b\u866b\u80fd\u4ee5\u7206\u53d1<\/strong><\/span>\uff08busty\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u540c\u6b65<\/strong><\/span>\uff08snappy syncs\uff09<\/span>\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u5f7c\u6b64\u540c\u6b65\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u9c81\u601d\u00b7\u672c\u5c3c\u8fea\u514b\u7279<\/span>\uff08Ruth Benedict\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u6587\u5316\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u4ee5\u95f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u4f1a\u5927\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u52a0\u548c<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u53ef\u52a0\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u5176\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u53d7\u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

             <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u9c81\u601d\u00b7\u672c\u5c3c\u8fea\u514b\u7279\uff08Ruth Benedict\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u6210\u7fa4\u7684\u8424\u706b\u866b\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u90fd\u662f\u805a\u6210\u96c6\u4f53<\/strong><\/span>\uff08collective\uff09<\/span>\u4e14\u8026\u5408<\/strong><\/span>\uff08coupled\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u8026\u5408\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6784\u5efa\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5171\u5efa\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8d85\u5e02\u7684\u536b\u751f\u7eb8\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u4f1a\u6293\u7d27\u56e4\u8d27\uff1b\u53d1\u73b0\u725b\u5976\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u63a5\u7740\u56e4\u8d27\uff1b\u9e21\u86cb\u3001\u9762\u7c89\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u56e4\u8d27\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u90bb\u91cc\u8857\u574a\u6234\u4e0a\u4e86\u53e3\u7f69\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4e4e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u62ff\u53e3\u7f69\u6342\u4e0a\u4e86\u8138\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u4e0a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u8005\u4e00\u65e6\u5bdf\u89c9\u5230\u4e0b\u8dcc\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u8ddf\u98ce\u6050\u60e7\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u9a6c\u5c14\u514b\u65af\u7684\u6096\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u5374\u62db\u6765\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\u66b4\u8dcc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6b63\u3001\u8d1f\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f71\u54cd\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f3a\u5316\u6216\u6539\u53d8\u6700\u521d\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u77e5\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u75c5\u60a3\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u90e8\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8026\u5408\u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u201c\u5927\u5fd9\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4ece\u6606\u866b\u7fa4\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u8424\u706b\u866b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u540c\u6b65\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u4e86\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u5728 Nature Physics<\/em> \u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u9c7c\u7fa4\u6e38\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u6709\u9c7c\u4f1a\u96c6\u4f53\u8f6c\u5411\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u79cd\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7531\u968f\u673a\u6027\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u201c\u566a\u97f3\u201d\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u53cd\u9988\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u9c7c\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u504f\u5dee<\/span>\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u4e00\u504f\u5dee\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u9c7c\u7fa4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u90fd\u731c\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u566a\u97f3\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u65b0\u51a0\u60a3\u8005\u63a5\u89e6\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5c40\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f1a\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u5e26\u6765\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u907f\u5f00\u611f\u67d3\u8005\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5374\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u672c\u6765\u60f3\u907f\u514d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1a\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u4e0e\u6613\u611f\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6c34\u5e73\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u6216\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u6c34\u5e73\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
Noise-induced schooling of fish<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41567-020-0787-y<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

2. \u91cd\u5c3e\u5206\u5e03\uff1a\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5927\u98ce\u9669<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9075\u5faa\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u201c\u949f\u578b\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u7ed9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e26\u6765\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8106\u5f31\u6027\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u670d\u4ece\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u65f6\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0d\u7528\u592a\u5728\u610f\u3002\u4eba\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u8d85\u8fc77\u82f1\u5c3a\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7537\u6027\u7684\u8eab\u9ad8\u90fd\u57285-6\u82f1\u5c3a<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u8eab\u9ad8\u8d85\u8fc79\u82f1\u5c3a<\/span>\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53d7\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u75ab\u60c5\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u94f6\u884c\u6324\u5151\u3001\u54c4\u62a2\u536b\u751f\u7eb8\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u4f4d\u4e8e\u91cd\u5c3e<\/strong><\/span>\uff08heavy-tailed\uff09<\/span>\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6781\u7aef\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8981\u9ad8\u5f97\u591a<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u80a1\u5e02\u5d29\u76d8\u3001\u75ab\u60c5\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u6563\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4ecd\u7136\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u9ad8\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u4e0b\u7684\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8981\u9ad8\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/strong><\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u66f4\u8981\u547d\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5c3e\u90e8\u7684\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span>\u4e8c\u9636\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08second-order tail event\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/strong>\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u80a1\u5e02\u5927\u8dcc\u540e\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u3001\u5730\u9707\u540e\u7684\u4f59\u9707\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u56ca\u62ec\u5728\u5185\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u9636\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6982\u7387\u975e\u5e38\u5c0f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u9996\u6b21\u7684\u4e00\u9636\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u89c4\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4e8c\u9636\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6982\u7387\u4f1a\u53d8\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u91cd\u5c3e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7531\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u6982\u7387\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7ea7\u8054<\/strong>\u800c\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80a1\u5e02\u5e02\u503c\u5927\u8dcc\uff0c\u4f46\u968f\u540e\u53c8\u80fd\u5f3a\u529b\u53cd\u5f39\u3002\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u4f53\u80b2\u7c7b\u8d4c\u5f92\u65e0\u8d5b\u4e8b\u53ef\u8d4c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ee5\u975e\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u7684\u6295\u673a\u59ff\u6001\u8fdb\u5165\u80a1\u7968\u4ea4\u6613\u5e02\u573a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u624b\u7684\u5230\u6765\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5e02\u573a\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u90a3\u4e9b\u957f\u671f\u6295\u8d44\u8005\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u4eca\u5e74\u7206\u53d1\u7684BLM<\/span>\uff08Black Lives Matter\uff09<\/span>\u4e8b\u4ef6\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u9636\u91cd\u5c3e\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e54\u6cbb \u00b7 \u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08George Floyd\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u5929\u9e45\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u786e\u5b9e\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u53d7\u75ab\u60c5\u91cd\u521b\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8870\u9000\u3001\u533a\u57df\u5c01\u9501\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7f3a\u4f4d\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fde\u9501\u53cd\u5e94\u9020\u6210\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u524d\u91d1\u878d\u5bb6\u5854\u52d2\u5e03<\/span>\uff08Nassim Nicholas Taleb\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u9ed1\u5929\u9e45\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u5176\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6b21\u6570\u76f8\u6bd4\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7b49\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u505a\u597d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u672a\u6765<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u9636\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u8bf1\u53d1\u66f4\u591a\u5c3e\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u9075\u5faa\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u535a\u5f08\u6539\u53d8<\/span>\uff08game-change\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e0d<\/strong>\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027<\/strong><\/span>\uff08nonstationarity\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u9002\u5e94\u6027<\/span>\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bbf\u4e3b\u4e0e\u5bc4\u751f\u751f\u7269\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316<\/span>\uff08coevolution\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u7684\u519b\u5907\u7ade\u8d5b\u3002\u5bbf\u4e3b\u548c\u5bc4\u751f\u866b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6f14\u5316\u5f97\u591f\u5feb\u624d\u80fd\u6297\u8861\u5bf9\u624b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u300a\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u68a6\u6e38\u4ed9\u5883\u300b\u4e2d\u7ea2\u6843\u7687\u540e\u5bf9\u7231\u4e3d\u4e1d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u201c<\/strong>\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u529b\u4e0d\u505c\u5730\u8dd1\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5728\u539f\u5730\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c1973\u5e74\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Leigh Van Valen \u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u534f\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ea2\u7687\u540e\u5047\u8bf4<\/span>\uff08Red Queen hypothesis\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e5f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u5bb6\u865a\u62a5\u5b63\u5ea6\u8d22\u62a5\u7684\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e3a\u5347\u5b66\u5e94\u8bd5\u800c\u5907\u8003\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5347\u5b9e\u9645\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u751f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u80fd\u529b\u88ab\u4e00\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\u6240\u66ff\u4ee3<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u4e0e\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u6ee1\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u6210\u529f\u8fdb\u5165\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u6307\u6807\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u535a\u5f08\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u672c\u8eab\u8981\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u53e4\u5fb7\u54c8\u7279\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Goodhart’s Law\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u5546\u8c1a\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u6807\u5c31\u662f\u6700\u574f\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53eb\u505a\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41<\/strong><\/span>\uff08information flux\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5374\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u5219\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u6d41\u884c\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u60a3\u8005\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f20\u64ad\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u60a3\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6709\u5173\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6\u3001\u6709\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u90fd\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u66f4\u522b\u63d0\u66b4\u9732\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u566a\u97f3\u4f1a\u63a9\u76d6\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5b66\u4e60\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c31\u50cf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u751f\u7269\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4f1a\u201c\u5931\u53bb\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u3002\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8981\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u98ce\u9669\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002<\/strong>\u60f3\u4e00\u60f3\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4e3a\u4e86\u538b\u5e73\u611f\u67d3\u66f2\u7ebf\u6240\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u9694\u79bb\u793e\u4ea4\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u5427\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6269\u5927\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u611f\u67d3\u7387\u548c\u533b\u9662\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e8c\u9636\u3001\u4e09\u9636\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u91cf\u5458\u5de5\u5931\u4e1a\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u53d7\u635f\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u518d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u66b4\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u7f9e\u8fb1\u7b49\u3002\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u4e8c\u7ea7\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u50a8\u5907\u94f6\u884c\u5411\u5e02\u573a\u6ce8\u5165\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ecf\u6d4e\u523a\u6fc0\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4fee\u6539\u9690\u79c1\u6cd5\u4ee5\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u9636\u6bb5\u793e\u4ea4\u9694\u79bb\u548c\u5bc6\u5207\u63a5\u89e6\u8005\u8ffd\u8e2a\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\uff1f\u786e\u5b9e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u96be\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u5bf9\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7ed9\u51fa\u89c4\u5212\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u59a8\u788d\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u6709\u54c1\u8d28\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u3001 \u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u8026\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u5173\u6ce8\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u5bf9\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u751f\u751f\u4e0d\u606f\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u9053\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u81ea\u7136\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u804a\u804a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u8bde\u751f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u89c4\u5212\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u751f\u6001\u3002\u5f53\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5212\u662f\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u201c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u201d\u8fed\u4ee3\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u8d77\u5230\u4e0d\u9519\u7684\u6548\u679c<\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5b66\u5bb6 Steve Lansing \u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c Priests and Programmers: Technologies of Power in the Engineered Landscape of Bali <\/em>\u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u6837\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u89c4\u5212\u4e3e\u63aa\u90fd\u662f\u65e0\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u62db\u6765\u707e\u7978\u3002<\/strong>\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\uff0cLansing \u5c06\u5df4\u5398\u5c9b\u5f53\u5730\u5df2\u6709\u4e0a\u5343\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u6392\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u7eff\u8272\u9769\u547d\u4ee5\u540e\u4e2d\u592e\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u4f9b\u6c34\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7834\u73af\u4e86\u5c9b\u5c7f\u53ca\u5176\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e5f\u74e6\u89e3\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
             <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6 J. Stephen Lansing \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c<\/span>\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4f1a\u7834\u73af\u5c9b\u5c7f\u53ca\u5176\u6d77\u5cb8\u7ebf\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb\u8d44\u6599\u53bb\u505a\u5b9a\u91cf\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u5927\u201c\u7cd7\u201d\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u539f\u56e0\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5bf9\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5047\u8bbe\u8fc7\u53bb\u5305\u542b\u7740\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u56de\u5934\u770b\u201d\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ea\u662f\u72ed\u9698\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u6700\u574f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u56e0\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u611f\u6027\u800c\u906e\u853d\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u773c\u775b\u3002\u4ee5 911 \u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c911 \u8fc7\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u53cd\u6050\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7ecf\u8d39\uff0c\u5374\u5ffd\u89c6\u4e86\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u5168\u7403\u8d2b\u56f0\u7b49\u5176\u5b83\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u671f\u95f4\u5927\u91cf\u8bc4\u8bba\u5bb6\u5f3a\u8c03\u533b\u7597\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u53d1\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9e\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u533b\u7597\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u653e\u5728\u9996\u4f4d\u5219\u8bf4\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u8fc7\u5f80\u7ecf\u5386\u6240\u5de6\u53f3\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u719f\u6089\u300a\u6307\u73af\u738b\u300b\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u8d21\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9d\u5251\uff0c\u66fe\u780d\u4e0b\u7d22\u9686\u624b\u6307\u7684\u5b89\u7763\u5229\u5c14\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u7d22\u9686\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u524d\u53bb\u5ba3\u6218\u3002\u4f7f\u5f97\u7d22\u9686\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u970d\u6bd4\u7279\u4eba\u4f5b\u7f57\u591a\u548c\u5c71\u59c6\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u7279\u9063\u961f\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u8fd9\u53ea\u7279\u9063\u961f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u628a\u9b54\u6212\u9001\u8fdb\u672b\u65e5\u5c71\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u53e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f7b\u5e95\u51fb\u8d25\u4e86\u7d22\u9686\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8ba1\u5212\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u7d22\u9686\u5bf9\u88ab\u780d\u6389\u624b\u6307\u4e22\u5931\u9b54\u6212\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u76ee\u5149\u72ed\u9698\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\u5730\u770b\u5f85\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u59a8\u788d\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u611f\u77e5\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c<\/strong>\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u6b63\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u773c\u76ae\u5b50\u5e95\u4e0b\u53d8\u5f97\u65e5\u76ca\u4e25\u91cd\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u9632\u8303\u8fd9\u79cd\u72ed\u9698\u503e\u5411\u7684\u63aa\u65bd \u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u59d1\u4e14\u628a\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u79f0\u4f5c\u7d22\u9686\u504f\u89c1\u5427\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u505a\u51fa\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e4b\u7b56\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u65af<\/span>\uff08John Allen Paulos\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u8c08\u8bba\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b66\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u6d3b\u4e5f\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u3002\u201d<\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u8fc7\u5206\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u53cd\u6050\u3001\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u5728\u533b\u7597\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u4e0d\u8ba1\u6210\u672c\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u4e0e\u5176\u6839\u636e\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u574f\u4e8b\u6765\u8003\u8651\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5982\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5bfb\u6c42\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u6d41\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

4. \u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u7a0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53d1\u6398\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u5de5\u7a0b\u6709\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span>\uff08emergent engineering\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bd5\u56fe\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e94\u5bf9\u6d41\u7a0b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5c06\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6311\u6218\u65f6\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5229\u7528\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u751f\u6d3b\u6807\u51c6\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u800c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6210\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u666f\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5207\u6362\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0e\u597d\u4e4b\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8981\u516c\u5e73\uff1f\u8981\u5e73\u5747\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u673a\u4f1a\u5e73\u7b49\uff1f\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u5728\u533b\u7597\u6216\u8005\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u5bf9\u89c4\u6a21\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u7a7f\u8fc7\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u4f26\u7406\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6ce5\u6f6d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6210\u529f\u6848\u4f8b\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bd5\u60f3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u5927\u7ea630\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u8fd8\u6ca1\u7b97\u4eba\u4f53\u5185\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u4e2d\u768438\u4e07\u4ebf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u83cc\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4eba\u4f53\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u5927\u3002<\/strong>\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u8fd0\u7528\u4e24\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e8b\u7269\u8fd0\u8f6c\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u9762\u4e34\u5e72\u6270\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u201c\u6270\u52a8\u201d\uff09\u65f6\u80fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8f83\u5c11\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5141\u8bb8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

5. \u53d8\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53d8\uff1a<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u673a\u5236<\/strong><\/span>\uff08robustness mechanism\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u88ab\u5e72\u6270\u7834\u574f\u540e\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u6216\u9057\u4f20\u53d8\u5f02 <\/span>(\u5982\u7a81\u53d8)<\/span> \u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8fd9\u79cd\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u5e76\u8bb2\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5f71\u5b50\u589e\u5f3a\u5b50<\/span>\uff08shadow enhancer\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u5f53\u7a81\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u5197\u4f59\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u540c\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u57fa\u56e0\u590d\u5236\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u539f\u59cb\u57fa\u56e0\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5197\u4f59\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5907\u4efd\u57fa\u56e0\u52a0\u4ee5\u8865\u5145\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd8\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u673a\u5236\u90fd\u5f88\u96be\u6784\u5efa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u7f55\u89c1\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u548c\u89e3<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u4e89\u6267\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c06\u5173\u7cfb\u6062\u590d\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u53d1\u751f\u524d\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u72ec\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u754c\u90fd\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u522b\u7684\u573a\u5408\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u505a\u5230\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff0c\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u8df3\u52a8\u8282\u594f\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e0e\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u89c4\u8303\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7a33\u5065\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u53d1\u73b0\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u6216\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u80fd\u7ef4\u62a4\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>       <\/span>       <\/span><\/section>\n

\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u8df3\u52a8\u8282\u594f\u65e2\u4e0d\u662f\u6df7\u6c8c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5f62\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span>\u5fc3\u810f\u5206\u5f62\u7814\u7a76\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u51fa\u5904\uff1aGenetic and functional insights into the fractal structure of the heart<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

6. \u5feb\u4e0e\u6162\uff1a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u79bb<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u8fd8\u81ea\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u5999\u8ba1\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u80fd\u6df1\u523b\u5f71\u54cd\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u672a\u6765\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u7f13\u6162\u65f6\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u5c55\u5f97\u592a\u6162\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u521b\u65b0\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u53d8\u5316\u8981\u56f0\u96be\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u53d8\u5316\u76f8\u5bf9\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u5c31\u5f88\u5feb\u3002\u4e00\u7fa4\u7334\u5b50\u6253\u67b6\u7684\u80dc\u8d25\u53ef\u80fd\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u5728\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u7334\u7fa4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u66f4\u8fed\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6570\u6708\u6570\u5e74\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u50cf\u7334\u5b50\u6253\u67b6\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f83\u4e3a\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e5f\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u6d41\u52a8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u8c03\u6574\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5141\u8bb8\u4e2a\u4f53\u627e\u51fa\u89c4\u5f8b\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5feb\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u6162\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb<\/strong><\/span>\uff08timescale separation\uff09<\/span>\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5982\u679c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u975e\u5e38\u6162\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u53ea\u5e74\u8f7b\u7334\u5b50\u65e0\u8bba\u6253\u8d62\u591a\u5c11\u67b6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6218\u6597\u7ecf\u9a8c\u548c\u5929\u8d4b\uff0c\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u5230\u6743\u5229\u7684\u9876\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u7334\u5b50\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u540d\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u6218\u58eb\uff09<\/span>\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5f88\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u624d\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f53\u6743\u529b\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u53d8\u5f97\u592a\u6162\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9632\u6b62\u4e2a\u4eba\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u50cf\u5e74\u8f7b\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8b\u53d1\u751f\u65f6\uff0c\u8c01\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u73af\u5883\u4f1a\u8981\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u5219\u8981\u6c42\u7cfb\u7edf\u9759\u6b62\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5feb\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u6162\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8c03\u6574\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u6709\u597d\u5904\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5e95\u90e8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u80fd\u5426\u5728\u9876\u90e8\u88ab\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e4b\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5e73\u8861\u6298\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5b9e\u73b0\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u673a\u5236\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u9886\u57df\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u8fd9\u4e00\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7075\u611f\u3002\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7528\u6237<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5e02\u573a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u6216\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u4e2a\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u96c6\u5408\u53d8\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u80a1\u7968\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u95f4\u9694\u548c\u8026\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u96cf\u5f62\u3002\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u5bb9\u6613\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u80a1\u6307\u4e4b\u95f4\u7f3a\u4e4f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u6050\u614c\u6027\u629b\u552e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6570\u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u635f\u5931\u5927\u91cf\u80a1\u6307\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5c31\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76d1\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86\u80a1\u6307\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u8dcc\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u5c31\u6682\u505c\u4ea4\u6613\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7194\u65ad\u673a\u5236\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u5730\u8ba9\u4ea4\u6613\u548c\u80a1\u6307\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5728\u5d29\u76d8\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\u6682\u505c\u4e86\u4ea4\u6613\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u65b9\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u5d29\u76d8\u5371\u9669\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u7a97\u53e3\u5185\u9650\u5236\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u9891\u7387\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u5f53\u73af\u5883\u66f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u65f6\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u4ea4\u6613\u968f\u610f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5907\u9009\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u81f3\u4e8e\u8bf4\u54ea\u4e2a\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5e02\u573a\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

7. \u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff1a\u5c0f\u52a8\u4f5c\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u6539\u53d8<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u80a1\u5e02\u5d29\u76d8\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff7\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5b58\u5728\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9<\/strong><\/span>\uff08tipping point\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u70b9<\/strong><\/span>\uff08critical point\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u5750\u5728\u201d\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u51b2\u51fb\u5c31\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u6709\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u7fa4\u968f\u610f\u6e38\u52a8\u7684\u9c7c\u7fa4\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u524d\u6765\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u9ca8\u9c7c\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u6210\u6392\u5217\u6574\u9f50\u7684\u9c7c\u7fa4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u6e38\u52a8\uff0c\u6df7\u6dc6\u6355\u98df\u8005\u3002\u5404\u79cd\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u603b\u8bf4\u8981\u8fdc\u79bb\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8981\u907f\u514d\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5b9e\u6b63\u5982\u9c7c\u7fa4\u8eb2\u907f\u9ca8\u9c7c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6240\u63ed\u793a\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u5f53\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5904\u4e8e\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u9c7c\u7fa4\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u8c03\u6574\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u6e38\u52a8\uff0c\u8eb2\u907f\u6355\u98df\u8005<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u4e0e\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u578b\u5708\u517b\u7334\u5b50\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u708e\u70ed\u7684\u5348\u540e\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u9a9a\u52a8\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u8ba9\u7334\u7fa4\u4ece\u5e73\u9759\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5168\u6c11\u7686\u5175\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u521a\u597d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u624b\u63e1\u6743\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u516c\u5e73\u5730\u5236\u6b62\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u51cf\u5c11\u5e72\u9884\u9891\u7387\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u7fa4\u4f53\u5bf9\u9a9a\u52a8\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u51cf\u5c0f\u4e86\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u7ea7\u8054\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8c03\u6574\u4e86\u4e0e\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u8fd9\u79cd\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u50cf\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u63d2\u5165\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u66f4\u52a0\u6d41\u7545\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4e5f\u66f4\u5f3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5e94\u5bf9\u6ce2\u52a8\u4e0e\u51b2\u51fb\u3002\u5c31\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u8d22\u529b\u548c\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u63a5\u5230\u547d\u4ee4\u540e\u5efa\u9020\u3001\u62c6\u9664\u4e34\u65f6\u7684\u533b\u7597\u5e73\u53f0\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u75283D\u6253\u5370\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u964d\u89e3\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6ce1\u6cab\u7834\u88c2\u4e4b\u524d\u4fee\u590d\u5e02\u573a\u5c31\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6d88\u8017\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u79ef\u7d2f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u7ea7\u8054\u8303\u56f4\u88ab\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u4e0d\u81f3\u4e8e\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u8b66\u544a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65e0\u6cd5\u8c03\u6574\u4e0e\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u72af\u9519<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9519\u8bef\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ca8\u9c7c\u6765\u4e86\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5f39\u6027\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u52a8\u6062\u590d\u65f6\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6270\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u91cd\u6784\u6216\u8005\u5931\u6548\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u91cd\u6784\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u65b0\u65e7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u662f\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u53bb\u627e\u5230\u9002\u5e94\u65b0\u73af\u5883\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73af\u5883\u975e\u5e38\u5747\u5300\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5145\u6ee1\u566a\u97f3\uff0c\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u662f\u968f\u673a\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e72\u6270\u654f\u611f\u662f\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u6218\u7565\u8f6c\u578b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u6355\u98df\u8005\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u6839\u672c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u65e7\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u65e0\u6d4e\u4e8e\u4e8b\u65f6\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e72\u6270\u654f\u611f\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

8. \u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167\uff1a\u4ece\u4fe1\u606f\u79ef\u7d2f\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u805a\u5408<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u8005\uff0c\u4f1a\u72af\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u7247\u9762\u3001\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u57fa\u91d1\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u6bd4\u5c14\u00b7\u7c73\u52d2<\/span>\uff08Bill Miller\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u6307\uff1a\u5e02\u573a\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u77e5\u5168\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5229\u5f0a\u76f8\u4f34\u3002\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u89c2\u5bdf\u7a97\u53e3\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u91cd\u72ec\u7acb\uff08<\/strong>\u6216\u534a\u72ec\u7acb\uff09<\/strong>\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u201d\u3002<\/strong>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5374\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5177\u5907\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u52a8\u673a\u53bb\u590d\u5236\u3001\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u7a83\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u590d\u5236\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u6574\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5c31\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u4ece\u4f17\u5fc3\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u5458\u770b\u5230\u522b\u4eba\u629b\u552e\u80a1\u7968\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u60ca\u614c\u5931\u63aa\u5730\u629b\u552e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80a1\u7968\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u8ba9\u6d8c\u73b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u53d6\u5f97\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f7f\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u5728\u79ef\u7d2f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8981\u6536\u96c6\u6709\u5173\u4e16\u754c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\uff1b\u5728\u805a\u5408\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u6536\u96c6\u4f18\u8d28\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u504f\u89c1\u800c\u8bef\u89e3\u4e86\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u529b\u8fc7\u4e8e\u81ea\u4fe1\uff0c\u90a3\u4fe1\u606f\u805a\u5408\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4fe1\u606f\u805a\u5408\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c31\u662f Google \u5728\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684 PageRank \u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u5927\u91cf\u94fe\u63a5\u7684\u7f51\u9875\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u805a\u5408\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u524a\u5f31\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u6839\u636e\u540c\u6837\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u4ee5\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u56e2\u5236\u5ea6\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u521d\u8877\u662f\u201c\u4fee\u6b63\u201d\u6c11\u4f17\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u53e3\u7a20\u5bc6\u5730\u533a\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u63a7\u5236\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u8df5\u6216\u8005\u627e\u51fa\u826f\u597d\u7684\u805a\u5408\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u9009\u4e3e\u56e2\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u6709\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u5347\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u517b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u5982\u8fc7\u5ea6\u81ea\u4fe1\u3001\u951a\u5b9a\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08anchoring\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u56de\u907f\u635f\u5931<\/span>\uff08loss-aversion\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u80fd\u4f18\u5316\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u7684\u805a\u5408\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u51f8\u663e\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8bd5\u56fe\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u9762\u5bf9\u65b0\u7684\u60c5\u666f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u65b0\u51a0\u6d41\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6765\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u672a\u6765\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u672f\u8bed\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u6df7\u6c8c\u201d\u3001\u201c\u590d\u6742\u201d\u3001\u201c\u9ed1\u5929\u9e45\u201d\u3001\u201c\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e8c\u9636\u6548\u5e94\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u9ece\u660e<\/strong>\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Jessica Flack\uff08\u5de6\u56fe\uff09\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\uff0cMelanie Mitchell\uff08\u53f3\u56fe\uff09\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6559\u6388\u3001 \u6ce2\u7279\u5170\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3001\u8457\u6709\u300a\u590d\u6742\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n