{"id":34293,"date":"2022-05-08T19:23:23","date_gmt":"2022-05-08T11:23:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34293"},"modified":"2022-05-08T19:23:23","modified_gmt":"2022-05-08T11:23:23","slug":"%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e3%80%8c%e5%b7%b2%e7%9f%a5%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e4%b8%ad%e6%9c%80%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e4%bd%93%e3%80%8d%ef%bc%9f%e4%b8%a8%e3%80%8a%e5%a4%a7%e8%84%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34293","title":{"rendered":"\u5982\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u300c\u5df2\u77e5\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7269\u4f53\u300d\uff1f\u4e28\u300a\u5927\u8111\u4f20\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u7814\u7a76\u9886<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u57df\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Matthew Cobb<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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2017 \u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u5728\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u65b0\u6982\u5ff5\u300b<\/span>\uff08Neuroscience: In Search of New Concepts<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f0a\u592b\u00b7\u5f17\u96f7\u5c3c\u96c5\u514b\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u884c\u8d8b\u52bf\uff1a\u5f00\u5c55\u8017\u8d44\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u5e76\u6536\u96c6\u6d77\u91cf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f17\u96f7\u5c3c\u96c5\u514b\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u51fa\u8d44\u673a\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u201c\u5229\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u5947\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u5e76\u501f\u52a9\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u4e9b\u542f\u793a\u201d\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4e2d\u56fd\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u6b27\u6d32<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4eba\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u8ba1\u5212\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u548c\u65e5\u672c\u3002\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u53cd\u800c\u6b63\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u8111\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9020\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f17\u96f7\u5c3c\u96c5\u514b\u4e00\u9488\u89c1\u8840\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u662f\u201c\u5927\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u7b49\u4e8e\u77e5\u8bc6<\/strong>\u201d\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u751f\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u662f\u65b0\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span>1992\u5e74\uff0c\u5e15\u7279\u4e3d\u590f\u00b7\u4e18\u5947\u5170\u5fb7\u548c\u6cf0\u745e\u00b7\u8c22\u8bfa\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u8111\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Computational Brain<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u6574\u5408\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fdb\u5c55\uff1a\u201c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6709\u5f85\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8c1c\u9898\u90fd\u82e5\u9690\u82e5\u73b0\u3002\u201d\u5c06\u8fd1\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u4e18\u5947\u5170\u5fb7\u7684\u5973\u513f\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u4e18\u5947\u5170\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Anne Churchland\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u5979\u4e0e\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u963f\u535a\u7279\u5171\u540c\u64b0\u6587\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u79d1\u5b66\u653b\u575a\u6218\u4e2d\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u5de7\u5999\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6280\u672f\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u4e3a\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u53cd\u590d\u547c\u5401\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8654\u8bda\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5bf9\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u7ebf\u866b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8111\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span>\uff08\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u751a\u81f3\u5f88\u96be\u5bf9\u8111\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u51c6\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u6574\u5408\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u8111\u8fd0\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7247\u9762\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6709\u5173\u611f\u89c9\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u55c5\u89c9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u55c5\u89c9\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u548c\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u90fd\u66f4\u5177\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u4f46\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\uff0c\u55c5\u89c9\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u7126\u89c6\u89c9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8111\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u662f\u96c6\u6210\u4e0e\u590d\u5408\u540c\u65f6\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u672a\u6765<\/span>\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u9a6c\u5c14\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8111\u662f\u7531\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u975e\u5e38\u591a\u201d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u88c5\u7f6e\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e18\u5947\u5170\u5fb7\u548c\u963f\u535a\u7279\u660e\u786e\u5730\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e2a\u4e2d\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u5168\u9762\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u5e45\u62fc\u8d34\u51fa\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u7531\u9ad8\u5ea6\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u2018 \u5e03\u7247\u2019\u677e\u6563\u5730\u2018 \u7f1d\u5408\u2019 \u800c\u6210\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u8111\u5c31\u50cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u534a\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8111\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5bf9\u9ad8\u5ea6\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u201c\u5e03\u7247\u201d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002<\/span>\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/span>1951 \u5e74\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u65f6\u4ee3\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u62c9\u4ec0\u5229\u5c31\u5bf9\u4f7f\u7528\u4efb\u4f55\u57fa\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u8868\u793a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5bf9\uff1a<\/span>
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\u7687\u5bb6\u56ed\u6797\u4e2d\u7684\u6db2\u538b\u96d5\u50cf\u4ee4\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6db2\u538b\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u4e86\u7535\u8bdd\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u7535\u573a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u53c8\u6709\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u8235\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u8111\u672c\u8eab\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u8111\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6c89\u6eba\u4e8e\u7275\u5f3a\u9644\u4f1a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u6cd5\u56fd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u66fc\u00b7\u5e03\u96f7\u7279<\/span>\uff08Romain Brette\uff09<\/span>\u6700\u8fd1\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u6392\u65a5\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u6311\u6218\u4e86\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u2014\u2014\u7f16<\/span>\u7801\u3002\u81ea\u4ece\u963f\u5fb7\u91cc\u5b89\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u6765<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u91cd<\/span>\u8981\u7684\u662f\u970d\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u6d1b\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa60\u5e74\u4ee3\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\u63a8\u5e7f\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u8003\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684 10 \u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u603b\u5171\u6709\u8d85\u8fc7 11000 \u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\u3002\u5e03\u96f7\u7279\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u601d\u8003\u201c\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u65e0\u610f\u4e2d\u4ece\u6280\u672f\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u504f\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u8868\u5f81\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u662f\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u57fa\u4e8e\u7684\u5219\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f16\u7801\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u65e9\u5728 1990 \u5e74\u5c31\u7531\u6c83\u5c14\u7279\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Walter Freeman\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u6c40\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u5c14\u8fbe<\/span>\uff08Christine Skarda\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u9898\u4e3a\u300a\u8868\u5f81\uff1a\u8c01\u9700\u8981\u5b83\u4eec\uff1f\u300b<\/span>\uff08Representations: Who Needs Them?<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u5f53\u65f6\u5bf9\u6c14\u5473\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u7535\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u5e94\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bba\u8ff0\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u60f3\u7740\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u53cd\u6620\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u80fd\u201c \u66f4\u5c11\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u8f93\u5165\u8111\u7684\u6709\u5173\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u5173\u6ce8\u8111\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u201d\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u8868\u5f81\u6216\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u7740\u66f4\u6df1\u4e00\u5c42\u7684\u542b\u4e49\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279\u5411\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u548c\u79d1\u8d6b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u8c01\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5173\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u610f\u6db5\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5448\u73b0\u7ed9\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u6216\u8bfb\u8005\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0b\u6e38\u7ed3\u6784\u201d<\/span>\uff08downstream structure\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u7801\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u5916\u5468\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5047\u8bf4\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u8fde\u4e32\u7684\u591a\u7c73\u8bfa\u9aa8\u724c\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u53cd\u5c04<\/span>\u4e2d\u5c24\u5176\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8111\u662f\u7531\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u5e76\u4e14\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u76f8\u8fde\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u4e00\u7ec4\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u5904\u7406\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5ffd\u7565\u6574\u4e2a\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u70b9\u3002\u201c\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u7535\u4f4d\uff0c\u201d\u5e03\u96f7\u7279\u603b\u7ed3\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9700\u8981\u7834\u8bd1\u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u76d6\u4f0a\u5c14\u5409\u00b7\u5e03\u8428\u57fa\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u7531\u5185\u800c\u5916\u7684\u8111\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Brain from Inside Out<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5e03\u8428\u57fa\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8111\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u63a5\u6536\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u6765\u8868\u5f81\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u641c\u7d22\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6765\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8d6b\u5c14\u59c6\u970d\u5179\u548c\u9a6c\u5c14\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u8111\u5e76\u4e0d\u8868\u5f81\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u4fe1\u606f<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u7f16\u7801\u3001\u8fde\u7ebf\u56fe\u7b49\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u9690\u55bb\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u7247\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u5bf9\u9690\u55bb\u5f00\u5c55\u8fc7\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u9690\u55bb\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u4e30\u5bcc\uff0c\u534f\u52a9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f62\u6210\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u505a\u51fa\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u603b\u4f1a\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4f1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b83\u4eec\u4fc3\u6210\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8111\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9690\u55bb\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u9690\u55bb\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u5230\u6765\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5c31\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u6b63\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u5c3e\u58f0\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u5c06\u88ab\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u5174\u594b\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002\u60f3\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6311<\/span>\u6218\u6027\u7684\u2014\u2014\u8fc7\u53bb\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e0e\u8111\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9690\u55bb\u90fd\u4e0e\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u8111\u7684\u6709\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u65b0\u9690\u55bb\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u6325\u600e\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u6db2\u538b\u52a8\u529b\u3001\u7535\u8bdd\u4ea4\u6362\u673a\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u6700\u8fd1\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u6280\u6d41\u884c\u8bcd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u91cf\u5b50\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u6216\u8005\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8111\u770b\u6cd5\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u4e91\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u5ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8111\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u91cc\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u7ec4\u4ef6\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6709\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u6811\u7a81\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8bb8\u591a\u6d89\u53ca\u591a\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u9012\u8d28\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\uff0c<\/span>\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u6267\u884c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u4e0d\u53ef\u5206\u51fd\u6570<\/span>\uff08linearly non-separable function\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u4ed6\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6811\u7a81\u901a\u8fc7\u5411\u80de\u4f53\u53d1\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u950b\u7535\u4f4d\u6765\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5bf9\u4e00\u7684\u7ebf\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u653e\u7535\u9891\u7387\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u82f1\u56fd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u6c49\u5f17\u83b1\u65af<\/span>\uff08Mark Humphries\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u90fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u53f0\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ff7\u4f60\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e91\u548c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\u88ab\u79fb\u9664\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u906d\u5230\u4e86\u6838\u6253\u51fb\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u4ece\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u5c31\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u4e00\u7279\u70b9\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u786e\u51ff\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u591a\u4e48\u504f\u91cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8111\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\u53d7\u5230\u635f\u4f24\uff0c\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u786e\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u7834\u574f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u8111\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u53ef\u80fd\u6b63\u5728\u5931\u53bb\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ff9\u8c61\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u9f99\u867e\u7684\u80c3\u8282\u5f8b\u6027\u5730\u7814\u78e8\u98df\u7269\u8fd8\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u53ea\u80fd\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4e9b\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u6790\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u80fd\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/span>
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\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u683c\u96f7\u6208\u91cc\u5728 1981 \u5e74\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u201c\u2018\u6d8c\u73b0\u2019\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u666e\u904d\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\u2026\u2026\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u907f\u514d\u5f15\u5165\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u865a\u5047\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u8fd9\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u2014\u2014\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff0c\u6709\u5f3a\u6709\u5f31\u3002\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u5982\u5c0f\u9c7c\u7fa4\u5bf9\u9ca8\u9c7c\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u652f\u914d\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u770b\u4f3c\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u52a8\u7269\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u53ea\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u5728\u5bf9\u67d0\u79cd\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6bd7\u90bb\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u8005\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u9760\u8fd1\u7684\u6355\u98df\u8005\uff09<\/span>\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f31\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u9f99\u867e\u80c3\u7684\u8815\u52a8\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6c42\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u8981\u670d\u4ece\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u3002\u4f60\u548c\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u9875\u7eb8\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u7684\u9605\u8bfb\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u4f60\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7ed3\u6784\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u653e\u7535\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u539f\u5b50\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u8fd1\u6279\u8bc4\u5f3a\u6d8c\u73b0\u6709\u5f15\u53d1\u201c\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u201d<\/span>\uff08metaphysical implausibility\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u65e2\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6279\u8bc4\u8005\u548c\u683c\u96f7\u6208\u91cc\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u58f0\u79f0\u4f9d\u9760\u6d8c\u73b0\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u590d\u6742\u73b0\u8c61\u8868\u660e\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u6b63\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u70bc\u91d1\u672f\u6162\u6162\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u9762\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u8c1c\u56e2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u80fd\u8bc9\u8bf8\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6d8c\u73b0\u6027\u4e5f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u50bb\u201d\uff1a\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u7279\u6027\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u6d8c\u73b0\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8d28\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u628a\u201c\u8111\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\u7684\u9690\u55bb\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u5fc3\u667a\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u786c\u4ef6\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5fc3\u667a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8111\u4e2d\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5176\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u5929\u771f\u5230\u4e86\u65e0\u53ef\u6551\u836f\u7684\u5730\u6b65\u3002\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u8111\u7684\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u89c2\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u3001\u679c\u8747\u7684\u5e7c\u866b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u8111\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u652f\u6301\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u8fd8\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f6f\u4ef6\u548c\u786c\u4ef6\u662f\u5206\u5f00\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c<\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8111\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u662f\u7531\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u6e7f\u4ef6\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\uff08wetware\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u4e8b\u60c5\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u6362\u6211\u4eec\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u4e0a\u4f20\u5230\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u80cc\u540e\u9690\u85cf\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u524d\u8f88\u7684\u975e\u552f\u7269\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u6697\u793a\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u667a\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u8bfb\u53d6\u4e00\u7ec4\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5199\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u8d28<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u673a\u7684\u6216\u4eba<\/span>\u9020\u7684\uff09<\/span><\/span>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u62ab\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c42\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4f53\u9762\u5916\u8863\u3002\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8bd5\u56fe\u60f3\u8c61\u8fd9\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u80fd\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u6a21\u4eff\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u8981\u7406\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4e5f\u8981\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u4fdd\u6301\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u66f4\u96be\u4e86\u3002\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u9f99\u867e\u7684\u80c3\u51f8\u663e\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u8d70\u7684\u8def\u8fd8\u6709\u591a\u8fdc\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7528\u82af\u7247\u6a21\u62df\u5927\u8111<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u201c\u8111\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u4ecd\u7136\u5360\u636e\u7740\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u8d34\u5207\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\u30022015 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\u300a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u5fc5\u987b\u6d88\u4ea1\u300b<\/span>\uff08This Idea Must Die<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u6536\u5f55\u7684\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e13\u5bb6\u7f57\u5fb7\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af<\/span>\uff08Rodney Brooks\uff09<\/span> \u628a\u8111\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9690\u55bb\u9009\u4e3a\u4e86\u4ed6\u6700\u53cd\u611f\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u65e9\u5728 20 \u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6 S. \u745e\u5b89\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u68ee<\/span>\uff08S. Ryan Johansson\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u4f11\u6b62\u5730\u4e89\u8bba\u2018\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u2019\u8fd9\u7c7b\u9690\u55bb\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u662f\u5728\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u9690\u55bb\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6566\u4fc3\u6211\u4eec\u53bb\u505a\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u771f\u76f8\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bdd\u7684\u8a00\u8f9e\u4e0d\u50cf\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u65af\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u90a3\u4e48\u5c16\u9510\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u9a6c\u6cf0\u5965\u00b7\u5361\u5170\u8482\u5c3c<\/span>\uff08Matteo Carandini\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8111\u4e0e\u5f53\u524d\u5c16\u7aef\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7c7b<\/span>\u6bd4\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fc7\u65f6\u5e76\u663e\u5f97\u53e4\u602a<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fc7\u5ea6\u70ed\u60c5\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8111\u5b58\u5728\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u666e\u91cc\u5e03\u62c9\u59c6\uff08Karl Pribram\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u5728 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u516d\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u9664\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u4e1c\u897f\u5916\uff0c\u8111\u53ef\u80fd\u8fd8\u4f1a\u5229\u7528\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u539f\u7406\u2014\u2014\u5168\u606f\u56fe\u539f\u7406\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\u60c5\u51b5\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u89c1\uff1aPribram, K. (1969), Scientific American<\/em> 220(1):73\u201386\u3002\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ecd\u7136\u5f3a\u8c03\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9690\u55bb\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\uff1a\u201c \u8111\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bf9\u8111\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u8bbe\u5907\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u201d\u52a0\u91cc\u00b7\u9a6c\u5e93\u65af\u5219\u4e3a\u8111\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9690\u55bb\u505a\u4e86\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\uff1a<\/span>
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\u8fd9\u4e24\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5206\u522b\u662f\u57c3\u91cc\u514b\u00b7\u4e54\u7eb3\u65af<\/span>\uff08Eric Jonas\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u79d1\u5c14\u4e01<\/span>\uff08Konrad Paul Kording\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u8111\u7684\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u5230 MOS 6507 \u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u3002MOS 6507 \u5904\u7406\u5668\u662f\u4e00\u79cd 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 70 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u548c 80 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5904\u7406\u5668\uff0c\u80fd\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u300a\u5927\u91d1\u521a\u300b\u300a\u592a\u7a7a\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u300b<\/span>\u300a\u9677\u9631\u300b\u7b49\u89c6\u9891\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u626b\u63cf\u4e86\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\u7684 3510 \u4e2a\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e00\u53f0\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0a\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u82af\u7247<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8fd0\u884c\u6e38\u620f\u7a0b\u5e8f 10 \u79d2\u949f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u540e\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u5f20\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u201c\u635f\u6bc1\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u628a\u67d0\u4e9b\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u4ece\u6a21\u62df\u82af\u7247\u4e2d\u79fb\u9664\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5206\u6790\u865a\u62df\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7684\u201c\u950b\u7535\u4f4d\u201d\u6d3b\u52a8\u5e76\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u6d4b\u91cf\u5176\u8fd0\u884c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u89c2\u5bdf\u5404\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u79fb\u9664\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7834\u574f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8111\u533a\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u9887\u5177\u5438\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u660e\u6670\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e54\u7eb3\u65af\u548c\u79d1\u5c14\u4e01\u603b\u5171\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86 98 \u4e2a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5355\u72ec\u79fb\u9664\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u542f\u52a8\u300a\u5927<\/span>\u91d1\u521a\u300b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u300a\u592a\u7a7a\u4fb5\u7565\u8005\u300b\u6216\u300a\u9677\u9631\u300b\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u4eec\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u5927\u91d1\u521a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u201d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u63cf\u8ff0\u6210\u201c\u5927\u91d1\u521a\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u201d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u8bef\u5bfc\u201d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u90fd\u53ea\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u5e76\u4e14\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u5bf9\u300a\u5927\u91d1\u521a\u300b\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u4e24\u4e2a\u6e38\u620f\u5219\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u4eba\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u81f3\u5c11 1 \u62cd\u5b57\u8282<\/span>\uff08petabyte\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f<\/span>100 \u4e07\u5409\u5b57\u8282<\/span>\uff08gigabyte\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u591a\u4e48\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u540c\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u591a\u4e48\u6709\u5438\u5f15\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u662f\u626d\u66f2\u7684\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u7684<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8111<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u7ebf\u866b\u90a3\u7b97\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8111\u7684\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u786c\u8fde\u63a5\u7684<\/span><\/strong>\uff08hard-wired\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8111\u90fd\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u6539\u53d8\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8111\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u7a81\u89e6\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u8c03\u8d28\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u6fc0\u7d20\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8111\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u8d77\u6548\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u9690\u55bb\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b26\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u628a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7eb3\u5165\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8ba1\u7b97\u8111\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5bb9\u91cf\u5145\u6ee1\u4e86\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u8111\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8111\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u7c97\u7cd9\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u606f\u6982\u5ff5\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u8111\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u30022006 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u672c\u7531 23 \u4f4d\u9876\u5c16\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u91cc\u00b7\u963f\u535a\u7279\u91cd\u70b9\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u672a\u5f97\u5230\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u56de\u7b54\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u64b0\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u8fd9\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u5f00\u5173\u5728\u54ea\u513f\uff1f\u300b<\/span>\uff08Where Are the Switches on This Thing?<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u535a\u7279\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u2014\u2014\u8f6c\u6362\u5f00\u5173\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5bf9<\/span>\u5e94\u7269\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6291\u5236\u6027\u7a81\u89e6\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u4e0b\u6e38\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5931\u53bb\u54cd\u5e94\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e8c\u5143\u8f6c\u6362\u5f00\u5173\u90a3\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u5173\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u8def\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u8fd0\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u7f51\u7edc\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u5355\u5143\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u3001\u5207\u6362\u548c\u5206\u6d41\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u80fd\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6216\u7535\u5b50\u7ba1\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u70b9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u7ec4\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143<\/span>\uff08\u6210\u767e\u4e0a\u5343\u751a\u81f3\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e4b\u591a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u505a\u51fa\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u5927\u578b\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u505c\u7559\u5728\u970d\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u5df4\u6d1b\u201c\u4e94\u6cd5\u5219\u201d\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5c42\u9762\u4e86\uff0c\u8111\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u751a\u81f3\u8111\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u5f20\u8fde\u7ebf\u56fe\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u6548\u4e86\u3002\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u8981\u6bd4\u8fd9\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u201c\u8111\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u6784\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff08\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u6216\u65e0\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a MOS 6507 \u82af\u7247\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u5173\u7ec4\u4ef6\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u5916\u661f\u79d1\u6280\u201d\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u964d\u843d\u5230\u5730\u7403\u7684\u706b\u661f\u98de\u8239\u4e0a\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5176\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u5168\u9762\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u5916\u90e8\u8f93\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u60f3\u8c61\u5f97\u5230\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u4f1a\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u73a9\u6e38\u620f\u3002\u5982\u679c<\/span>\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u4e0e\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u4f1a\u59cb\u7ec8\u6a21\u7cca\u4e0d\u6e05\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c1\u89e3\u5ef6\u5c55\u5230\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u65f6\uff0c1997 \u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6807\u9898\u4ee5\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u70b9\u660e\u4e86\u5176\u5173\u952e\u542b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u300a\u8111\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8eab\u4f53\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Brain Has a Body<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8eab\u4f53\u5904\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u8111\u5b9e\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8111\u6240\u5904\u7684\u751f\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c31\u5728\u4e0e\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u8005\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f53\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6a21\u62df\u653e\u5728\u5927\u7f38\u4e2d\u7684\u8111<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u4eba\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53ea\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u9f20\u8111\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u7247\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7f3a\u5931\u4e86\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u2014\u2014\u6765\u81ea\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u3002\u7528\u5965\u62c9\u592b\u00b7\u65af\u6ce2\u6069\u65af\u7684\u8bdd\u6765\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u52a8\u5730\u5bf9\u8f93\u5165\u505a\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f71\u54cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5728\u79ef\u6781\u5730\u51b3\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u5206\u79bb\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u8f6c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5c06\u6a21\u62df\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u6d3b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u2014\u2014\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u2014\u2014\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5f04\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e5f\u6253\u51fb\u4e86\u8fd1\u6765\u8111\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98<\/span>\uff08brain organoid\uff09<\/span>\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u8111\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u662f\u5728\u57f9\u517b\u76bf\u4e2d\u7528\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u56e2\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8111\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5c0f\u80f6\u8d28<\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span><\/span>\u5728\u8111\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u4e00\u81f4\u5e76\u53ef\u590d\u5236\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u8282\u5f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf 20 \u4e16\u7eaa 50 \u5e74\u4ee3\u90a3\u4e9b\u7c97\u964b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u7ed3\u679c\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8282\u5f8b\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u65e9\u4ea7\u513f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u4e0a\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u957f\u7684\u533a\u57df\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5149\u7ebf\u6709\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u751a\u81f3\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8111\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u80fd\u4e0e\u5c0f\u9f20\u7684\u810a\u9ad3\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d77\u5e76\u5f15\u8d77\u808c\u8089\u7684\u6536\u7f29\u3002\u602a\u5f02\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u751f\u957f\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa\u51e0\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u5176\u7ec6\u80de\u6570\u76ee\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d85\u51fa\u7ea6 300 \u4e07\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u4e0e\u4eba\u8111\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u975e\u5e38\u5c11\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8eab\u4f53\u5728\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc\u8111\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u56e0\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u751f\u957f\u5219\u6b20\u7f3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u5b50\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8111\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8eab\u4f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u7262\u8bb0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8111\u4e0e\u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u770b\u51fa\u6765<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u80a0\u9053\u5185\u6ca1\u6709\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u83cc\u5c0f\u9f20\u201d\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c0f\u9f20\u8111\u4e2d\u7684 5-\u7f9f\u8272\u80fa\u6c34\u5e73\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u7126\u8651\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e5f\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u80a0\u9053\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u201c \u65e0\u83cc\u5c0f\u9f20\u201d\u4f53\u5185\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56e0\u679c\u8054\u7cfb\u5c31\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u9006\u8f6c\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u8bf4\u660e\u80a0\u9053\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u8111\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u786e\u5b9e\u5728\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u7efc\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec 2018 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Neuroscience of Emotion<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u62c9\u5c14\u592b\u00b7\u963f\u9053\u592b\u65af<\/span>\uff08Ralph Adolphs\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/span>\uff08David Anderson\uff09<\/span>\u91cd\u70b9\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u68d8\u624b\u4e5f\u6700\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u6781\u5c11\u88ab\u89e6\u53ca\u7684\u9886\u57df\u2014\u2014\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u963f\u9053\u592b\u65af\u548c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u6db5\u76d6\u52a8\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u5305\u62ec\u7ae0\u9c7c\u3001\u679c\u8747\u548c\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u2014\u2014\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u89c6\u4f5c\u7b80\u5355\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7269\u2014\u2014\u7684\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u5426\u575a\u5b9e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u542f\u793a\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u827e\u4f26\u00b7\u8d3e\u8428\u8bfa\u592b<\/span>\uff08Alan Jasano\ufb00\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u751f\u7269\u5fc3\u667a\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Biological Mind<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d3e\u8428\u8bfa\u592b\u5bf9\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5927\u8111\u795e\u79d8\u6027\u201d<\/span>\uff08the cerebral mystique\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u63d0<\/span>\u51fa\u4e86\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u5355\u7eaf\u5730\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fd8\u539f\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u8111\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u6697\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u662f\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u8111\u7f6e\u4e8e\u5176\u89e3\u5256\u3001\u751f\u7406\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u667a<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u751a\u81f3\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u529f\u80fd\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u795e\u7ecf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\u300b<\/span>\uff08Principles of Neural Design<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f7c\u5f97\u00b7\u65af\u7279\u6797<\/span>\uff08Peter Sterling\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u897f\u8499\u00b7\u52b3\u6797<\/span>\uff08Simon Laughlin\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u9020\u6cd5\u5219\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cd5\u5219\u6839\u690d\u4e8e\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf\u5b66<\/span>\uff08bioenergetics\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4f53\u4f1a\u5230\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u5fc3\u667a\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5934\u8111\u4e2d\u800c\u662f\u4f4d\u5c45\u8eab\u4f53\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u65e7\u89c2\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e76\u4e0d\u50cf\u539f\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u5927\u9519\u7279\u9519\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u82ac\u5170\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8981\u6c42\u62e5\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u611f\u89c9\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u89c9\u6240\u5728\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u663e\u5f97\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u610f\u5916\uff1a\u8eaf\u5e72\uff0c\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\u662f\u5fc3\u810f\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u7eea\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7126\u8651\u3001\u9a84\u50b2\u3001\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u6124\u6012\uff1b\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u611f\u53d7\u2014\u2014\u601d\u8003\u3001\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5219\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5934\u90e8\u3002\u6211\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8111\u662f\u601d\u60f3\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u611f\u53d7\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08modern knowledge\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u7eea\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u90e8\u4f4d\u5219\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea7\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u524d\u8fdb\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u504f\u597d\u662f\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u6295\u5165\u5230\u5206\u6563\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9879\u76ee\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u6574\u5408\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6df1\u5165\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u8111\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u6216\u8bb8\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5174\u594b\u4e0d\u5df2\u5e76\u5360\u636e\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5b66\u672f\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u524d\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u5c55\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u53ea\u679c\u8747\u5728\u601d\u8003\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8111\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840<\/strong>\u3002\u5355\u5355\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7b80\u5355\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8111\uff0c\u5c31\u8db3\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u4f59\u4e0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u5fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u505c\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u89c9\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u8111\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6d89\u53ca\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u624d\u4f1a\u771f\u6b63\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5e7c\u9c7c\u53ea\u6709 10 \u4e07\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8111\u663e\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u5f52\u5165\u5c0f\u578b\u8111\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u6210\u50cf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u4e92\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u66f4\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5168\u8111\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u4f1a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u6765\u81ea\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8111\u53ca\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u9075\u5faa\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u751a\u81f3\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u5206\u6790\u6280\u672f\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b66\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u8ba1\u5212\u201d<\/span>\uff08Human Genome Project\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u4ece\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u5206\u6790\u7b80\u5355\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u83cc\u3001\u7ebf\u866b\u548c\u679c\u8747\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e3a\u8d77\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u4eba<\/span>\u7c7b\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4e0a\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u90fd\u6bd4\u7406\u89e3\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u8111\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u5f97\u591a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u578b\u8111\u4e5f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e24\u79cd\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u8111\u7684<\/span>\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u53f2\u2014\u2014\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u8111\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u548c\u6210\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6b64\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5219\u662f\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u3002\u53d1\u80b2\u6548\u5e94\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u800c\u7269\u79cd\u95f4\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6839\u672c\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u679c\u8747\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u79cd\u6240\u5904\u7684\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u611f\u89c9\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u5c06\u53cd\u6620\u5728\u8111\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u89d2\u5ea6\u2014\u2014\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2a\u4f53\u53f2\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u7b54\u4e00\u4e2a\u68d8\u624b\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8111\u662f\u5426\u90fd\u662f\u540c\u6e90\u7684\uff1f\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f60\u3001\u679c\u8747\u548c\u7ae0\u9c7c\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u662f\u5426\u6709\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8111\uff1f<\/strong>\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u80af\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0e\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5171\u540c\u57fa\u56e0\u3001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u52a8\u7269\u8c31\u7cfb\u7684\u8111\u5f00\u5c55\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u671b\u53d1\u73b0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u6606\u866b\u3001\u7ebf\u866b\u3001\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u5e7c\u9c7c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u7684\u8111\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u30022007 \u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7b2c\u4e00\u6279\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u79cd\u5f00\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u516c\u5e03\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709 11 \u79cd\u679c\u8747\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211<\/span>\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b1\u65af\u8389\u00b7\u6c83\u65af\u970d\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Leslie Vosshall\uff09<\/span>\u5728<\/span>\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5f88\u5438\u5f15\u773c\u7403\u2014\u2014\u300a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u53ea\u679c\u8747\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u300b<\/span>\uff08Into the Mind of a Fly<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5979\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u5b66\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u7ad9\u5728\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u4e0a\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6216\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u7814\u7a76\u679c\u8747\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u751a\u81f3\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u9057\u4f20\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u9610\u91ca\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u3001\u5e38\u8bc6\u3001\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3001\u632b\u6298\u3001\u52a8\u673a\u3001\u4ec7\u6068\u3001\u5ac9\u5992\u3001\u540c\u4faa\u538b\u529b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u5148\u5929\u9650\u5236\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4fe1\u679c\u8747\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u7eea\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5bf9\u6b64\u6301\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5927\u80c6\u9884\u6d4b\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e\u3002CRISPR \u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u80fd\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u91cc\u9972\u517b\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u975e\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5c0f\u9f20\u3001\u679c\u8747\u548c\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8111\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u53d1\u80b2\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u5e15\u59c6\u00b7\u5e15\u7279\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Nipam Patel\uff09<\/span>\u6700\u8fd1\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff1a\u201c<\/span>\u8fdb\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u627e\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u60f3\u529e\u6cd5<\/span>\u8be2\u95ee\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u5c31\u884c\u4e86<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5c0f\u578b\u8111\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u5174\u594b\u3001\u72b9\u8c6b\u4e0d\u51b3\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u9884\u89c1\u3001\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u3001\u4e2a\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u75bc\u75db\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u9610\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u2014\u672c\u4f53\u611f\u53d7\u548c\u5185\u611f\u53d7<\/span>\uff08interoception\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u611f\u5b98\u3002\u672c\u4f53\u611f\u53d7\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u56db\u80a2\u6240\u5904\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u611f\u89c9<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u95ed\u7740\u773c\u775b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7528\u624b\u6307\u89e6\u6478\u5230\u9f3b\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5185\u611f\u53d7\u5219\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u8eab\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u7701\u6d3b\u52a8\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u611f\u89c9\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u4ea4\u7ec7\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u679c\u8747\u77e5\u9053\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u8bd5\u56fe\u8de8\u8d8a\u5b83\u4eec\u90a3\u7ec6\u5c0f\u7684\u817f\u65e0\u6cd5\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u7a7a\u9699\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e5\u8bc6\u662f\u540e\u5929\u4e60\u5f97\u7684\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u679c\u8747\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u628a\u817f\u4f38\u5f97\u8fc7\u957f\u3002\u5f88\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u4e0e\u86c6\u866b\u65f6\u671f\u53ef\u4f38\u5c55\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u89c6\u89c9\u53cd\u9988\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u5feb\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u5df1\u4f30\u8ba1\u4f38\u817f\u957f\u77ed\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u679c\u8747\u4f1a\u5c06\u6709\u5173\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u5f62\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ee5\u957f\u671f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u50a8\u5b58\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bb0\u5fc6\u88ab\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u4e00\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u9274\u5b9a\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u8111\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u90e8\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u6784\u60f3\u51fa\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u5f00\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3a\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u5f81\u8eab\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7b49\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5e26\u6765\u542f\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u80af\u5c3c\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u96f7\u514b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u8111\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u53f0\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5916\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5c0f\u578b\u8111\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u4f7f\u52a8\u7269\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u91ca\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u9884\u6d4b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f88\u7c97\u7565\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6700\u795e\u5947\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u539f<\/span>\u5b50\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u5728\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5c06\u8682\u8681\u7684\u8111\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u795e\u5947\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u539f\u5b50\u201d\u3002\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u9884\u6d4b\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6211<\/span>\u4eec\u5c31\u5c06\u671d\u7740\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8111\u8fc8\u51fa\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u89e3\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e5f\u8bc1\u660e\u8fdc\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u671f\u7684\u8981\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u52a8\u7269\u90a3\u5fae\u5f31\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u6761\u4ef6\u5316\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u9009\u62e9\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u5185\u90e8\u611f\u89c9\u6a21\u677f<\/span>\uff08sensory template\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6781\u5c11\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u6216\u8005\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5dee\u522b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u7406\u89e3\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6211\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7 1978 \u5e74\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af<\/span>\uff08Andrew Smith\uff09<\/span>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u72ec\u5c45\u7684\u6ce5\u80e1\u8702\u5efa\u9020\u5b83\u7684\u5de2\u7a74\u5165\u53e3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5165\u53e3\u4ece\u5730\u9762\u4f38\u51fa\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u4f1e\u72b6\u201c\u6f0f\u6597\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u80e1\u8702\u662f\u5206\u9636\u6bb5\u5efa\u9020\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u6253\u788e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5b83\u5468\u56f4\u57ab\u9ad8\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u5bfc\u81f4\u80e1\u8702\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u611f\u5b98\u523a\u6fc0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u80e1\u8702\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u5782\u76f4<\/span>\u7684\u201c\u6f0f\u6597\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u80e1\u8702\u5916\u51fa\u6536\u96c6\u6ce5\u571f\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u9876\u90e8\u6253\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d1e\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ea\u5012\u9709\u7684\u80e1\u8702\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f00\u59cb\u5efa\u9020\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u201c\u6f0f\u6597\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u5c42\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80e1\u8702\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u5f62\u8c61\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3002\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e00\u6210\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u56fe\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u5728\u80e1\u8702\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6709\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u901a\u8def\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u3002\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5e76\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u5b83\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u8fdb\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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<\/section>\n
\u5b89\u5fb7\u9c81\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af\u7ed8\u5236\u7684\u56fe\u793a\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u6ce5\u80e1\u8702\u4fee\u7b51\u5de2\u7a74\u7684\u987a\u5e8f<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u72ec\u5c45\u7684\u80e1\u8702\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4f46CRISPR \u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u8f91\u6280\u672f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ece\u539f\u7406\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u5c42\u9762\u64cd\u7eb5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8111\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u8702\u2014\u4e3d\u8747\u86f9\u96c6\u91d1\u5c0f\u8702<\/span>\uff08Nasonia vitripennis<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8111\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3a\u6ce5\u80e1\u8702\u7b49\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\u5960\u5b9a<\/span>\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ce5\u80e1\u8702\u592a\u96be\u517b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u66ff\u4ee3\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u5728\u66f4\u597d\u517b\u7684\u6606\u866b\u7684\u8111\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u5bfc\u822a\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u82ad\u82ad\u62c9\u00b7\u97e6\u5e03<\/span>\uff08Barbara Webb\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u683c\u5c14\u8096<\/span>\uff08Marc Gershow\uff09<\/span>\u76ee\u524d\u6b63\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4ec0\u4e48\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u539f\u7406\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u53d7\u63a7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8ba4\u540c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u54fa\u4e73\u52a8\u7269\u8111\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u90fd\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u7ea6\u7ff0\u65af\u00b7\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u7f57\u5bbe\u900a\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 1992 \u5e74\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4efb\u4f55\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u662f\u5f92\u52b3\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u8111\u3002\u201d\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u9f99\u867e\u7684\u80c3\uff0c\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u8111\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5e76\u4e14\u8d8a\u53d1\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d3b\u52a8\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u53d7\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u867d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u8c1c\u7ec8\u5c06\u4ee5\u6211\u73b0\u5728\u65e0\u6cd5\u731c\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e94\u8be5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u5728\u672a\u6765\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5404\u79cd\u8ba1\u7b97\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4f1a\u7834\u89e3\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u539f\u7406\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u8fde\u63a5\u7ec4\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u63ed\u793a\u6211\u4eec\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u5c06\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u6210\u50cf\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7a81\u7136\u5192\u51fa\u6765\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f7c\u6b64\u72ec\u7acb\u4f46\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\u6162\u6162\u62fc\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\uff09<\/span>\u7406\u8bba\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u539f\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f97\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u5c06\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5168\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5bf9\u8111\u4e2d\u6b63\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u63d0\u4f9b\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u542f\u793a\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u8fdb\u5316\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u9610\u660e\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8111\u800c\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4eba\u8111\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8111\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u5173\u952e\u89d2\u8272\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u4e3a\u8111\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u9690\u55bb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u4ee4\u4eba\u8b66<\/span>\u9192\u7684\u65b0\u89c1\u89e3\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u63a7\u5236\u8bba\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\u548c\u7b26\u53f7\u5b66\u4e2d\u5c06\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63a5\u53d7\u6839\u672c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6709\u5173\u8111\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8111\u6ca1\u6709\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u8111\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u6b64\uff1b\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\u2026\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u300a\u5927\u8111\u4f20\u300b
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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aMatthew Cobb<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bd1\u8005:  \u5f20\u4eca<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u7248\u793e:  \u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8282\u9009\u6587\u5b57\u7565\u6709\u5220\u51cf\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u4e3a\u7f16\u8005\u6240\u52a0\u3002<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u968f\u7740\u7535\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u3001\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u673a\u7406\u4e0e\u8fde\u63a5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u9010\u6e10\u6df1\u5165\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8c1c\u5e95\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u63ed\u5f00\u3002<\/span>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fc3\u8fdb\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u3010<\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u3011\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5e7f\u5927\u79d1\u7814\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\u7814\u8bfb\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5171\u540c\u6df1\u5165\u5b66\u4e60\u63a2\u8ba8\u67d0\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u79d1\u7814\u7075\u611f\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u79d1\u7814\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u3010\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u3011<\/span>\u7531\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u548c\u5929\u6865\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u5df2<\/span>\u4e8e3\u670819\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c<\/span>\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u4e0b\u534814:00-16:00\uff08\u6216\u6bcf\u5468\u4e94\u665a\u4e0a19:00-21:00\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u6574\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u6301\u7eed10-12\u5468<\/span>\u3002\u671f\u95f4\u5c06\u56f4\u7ed5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u8111\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u8ba8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/section>\n
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<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u542f\u52a8\uff1a\u6574\u5408\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n