{"id":34418,"date":"2022-05-16T21:59:16","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T13:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34418"},"modified":"2022-05-16T21:59:16","modified_gmt":"2022-05-16T13:59:16","slug":"%e2%80%8b%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a2%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%bb%8f%e6%b5%8e%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e7%9a%84%e7%99%be%e5%b9%b4%e5%8e%86%e7%a8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34418","title":{"rendered":"\u200b\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u63a2\u7d22\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u767e\u5e74\u5386\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e89\u8bae\u95ee\u9898\u30022008\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u514b\u9c81\u683c\u66fc\uff08Paul Krugman\uff09\u66fe\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6bd4\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u66f4\u96be\uff1b\u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u90a3\u4e48\u96be\u3002[1]\u201d \u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6Doyne Farmer\u7b49\u4eba\u66fe\u63d0\u95ee\uff1a\u201c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5417\uff1f\u201d\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ee5\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u800c\u6355\u6349\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5219\u4e0d\u5e94\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f9d\u9760\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0c\u66f4\u5e94\u8be5\u56e2\u7ed3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u672c\u6587\u53d1\u8868\u4e8ePhysics Today<\/em>\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff08sociophysics\uff09\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u505a\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u5386\u7a0b\u3002\u4f5c\u8005Frank Schweitzer\u662f\u745e\u58eb\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7814\u7a76\u9886<\/strong>\u57df\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Frank Schweitzer<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Murkyy <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90 <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u6301\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6000\u7591\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u786e\u5b9e\u6bd4\u5bf9\u5f53\u4eca\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u520a\u7269\u6301\u6709\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u6001\u5ea6\u8981\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u7740\u5bcc\u6709\u6210\u679c\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u7531\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6570\u636e\u6240\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5236\u9020\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5219\u5229\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u9610\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u51fa\u53d1\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u6027\u8bba\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u4f11\u8c1f<\/span>\uff08David Hume, 1711-1716\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u8bae\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u95e8\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u300219\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u3002\u7535\u78c1\u5b66\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u800c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5219\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u5f53\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5b54\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Auguste Comte\uff0c1798-1857\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6837\u9075\u5faa\u4e00\u822c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u6bd4\u5229\u65f6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u5bb6\u963f\u9053\u592b\u00b7\u51ef\u7279\u52d2<\/span>\uff08Adolphe Quetelet\uff0c1796-1874\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4e8e1835\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u6b63\u6001\u5206\u5e03\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4f53\u91cd\u6307\u6570\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u80a5\u80d6\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u72af\u7f6a\u548c\u516c\u5171\u536b\u751f\u3002\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u51ef\u7279\u52d2\u5c06\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d<\/span>\uff08social physics\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u7528\u4e8e\u5176\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u540e\uff0c\u5b54\u5fb7\u51b3\u5b9a\u5c06\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u201d<\/span>\uff08sociology\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u65b0\u8bcd\u7528\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8fdb\u516520\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u89c2\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d4b\u4e88\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bf9\u54f2\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5982\u4eca\u770b\u6765\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u7840\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u666e\u904d\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65e9\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u683c\u70b9\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u6765\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u8c03\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8fc1\u79fb\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6240\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u5c45\u6c11\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6a21\u62df\u548c\u53ef\u89c6\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fdb\u884c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u30021924\u5e74\uff0c\u6069\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u4f0a\u8f9b<\/span>\uff08Ernst Ising\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b<\/span>\uff08Ising model\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee4\u4e00\u7ef4\u6216\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6676\u683c\u4e0a\u683c\u70b9\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u662f+1\u6216-1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u90bb\u81ea\u65cb\u4e4b\u95f4\u8026\u5408\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u65cb\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u6392\u5217\u7684\u94c1\u78c1\u76f8\uff0c\u6216\u76f8\u90bb\u81ea\u65cb\u53cd\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u94c1\u78c1\u76f8\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u6b63\u81ea\u65cb\u548c\u8d1f\u81ea\u65cb\u5206\u5e03\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4f46\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u76f8\u5f53\u6709\u9650\u3002\u5728\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\u7684\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u94c1\u78c1\u6027\u9636\u6bb5\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u89c2\u70b9\u5982\u4f55\u7a33\u5b9a\u5171\u5b58[1]\u3002\u6295\u7968\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u5206\u6790\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u4f46\u9009\u6c11\u4eec\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u6295\u7968\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u590d\u5236\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u201c\u89c2\u70b9\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u8ba9\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u611f\u5230\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u5e94\u7528\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5982\u76f8\u53d8\u548c\u6807\u5ea6\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u63ed\u793a\u5f88\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u8bba\u5f88\u5c11\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u7269\u7406\u9690\u55bb\u548c\u7c7b\u6bd4\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u73b0\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u624d\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u7269\u7406\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u4e2a\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u8bf4\u670d\u6301\u76f8\u53cd\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u968f\u7740\u793e\u4f1a\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5f53\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u6bd4\u7c7b\u4f0a\u8f9b\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u4e30\u5bcc\u5f97\u591a[3]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6210\u529f\u91c7\u7528\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u6700\u521d\u4e8e1997\u5e74\u7531\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u963f\u514b\u585e\u5c14\u7f57\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Robert Axelrod\uff09<\/span>\u63d0\u51fa<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7248\u672c[4]\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662fPotts\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f\uff0c\u5176\u81ea\u65cb\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u503c\u3002\u6587\u5316\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u5f0f\u65e8\u5728\u6574\u5408\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u5316\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u65f6\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u76f8\u4f3c\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u540c\u8d28\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u65f6\u4e92\u52a8\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. \u6587\u5316\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u89c4\u5219\u4e8c\u7ef4\u6676\u683c\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08agent\uff09\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u793a\u5176\u6587\u5316\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7f8e\u98df\u6216\u5b97\u6559\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7ca4\u8bed\u6216\u4f5b\u6559\uff09\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u7279\u8272\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u76f8\u90bb\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u6982\u7387\u968f\u7740\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u91cd\u53e0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u4f53\u5df2\u7ecf\u62e5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e92\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e3b\u4f53\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u7279\u5f81\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u5de6\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5171\u4eab\u76f8\u540c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5171\u5b58\u57df\uff08\u53f3\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u62df\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5355\u4e00\u6587\u5316\u3002[4]<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa70\u5e74\u4ee3\u5168\u9762\u5c55\u5f00\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08self-organization\uff09<\/span>\u8fd9\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5982\u4eca\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5148\u5bfc\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9B-Z\u53cd\u5e94<\/span>\uff08Belousov\u2013Zhabotinsky reaction\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\u539f\u7406\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u751f\u7269\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u786e\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5[5]\uff0c\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u5305\u62ec\u8fc1\u79fb\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b83\u6240\u5904\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5b83\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u57281995\u5e74\u81f32005\u5e74\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u5174\u8d77\u4e86\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u6a21\u62df\uff1a\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u5a5a\u59fb\u4e0d\u5fe0\u3001\u6709\u6027\u751f\u6b96\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u6f14\u5316\u3001\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8[6, 7]\u3002\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u7b80\u5316\u65e2\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u4e5f\u662f\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u513f\u7ae5\u5982\u4f55\u4e60\u5f97\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\u65f6\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08generative mechanisms\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4ea7\u751f\u6548\u679c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4ee5\u53ca\u67d0\u4e9b\u53cd\u9988\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u8003\u8651\u624b\u5934\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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1. \u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u7531\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u6790\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4e0e20\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\u5bf9\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7269\u7406\u5b66<\/span>\uff08econophysics\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u5c31\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5927\u6570\u636e\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5bfb\u627e\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u547c\u5e94\u4e86\u594e\u7279\u83b1\u7279<\/span>\uff08Quetelet\uff09<\/span>\u65e9\u671f\u786e\u5b9a\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u6761\u8fde\u7eed\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u7531\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u5206\u5e03\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e42\u6307\u6570\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03\u4f8b\u5b50\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6295\u7968\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u520a\u7269\u7684\u5f15\u7528[7]\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e00\u79cd\u65e0\u6807\u5ea6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u9001\u7684\u4e24\u6761\u8fde\u7eed\u6d88\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\uff0c\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d3b\u52a8\u95f4\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u03c4\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u5e42\u5f8b\u5206\u5e03P\uff08\u03c4\uff09\u221d \u03c4-\u03b1\u5176\u4e2d\u03b1\u2248 3\u20442[13]\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u4f55\u79cd\u5a92\u4ecb\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4fe1\u4ef6\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u7ebf\u804a\u5929\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u9760\u3002\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e2d103<\/sup>\u5206\u949f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u8f7b\u5fae\u9686\u8d77\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5929\u3002\uff08\u6539\u7f16\u81eaA.Garas et al.\uff0cSci.Rep.224022012\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u82f1\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u65af\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u591a<\/span>\uff08Nicholas Kaldor\uff0c1908-1986\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5316\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u2014\u2014\u793e\u4f1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5f8b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f88\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u58f0\u79f0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u8981\u70b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u6240\u6fc0\u6012\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u8d77\u6e90\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u5982\u679c\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u524d\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e0e\u73b0\u5728\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66<\/span>\uff08computational social science\uff09<\/span>\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee5\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u624b\u673a\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u5728\u7ebf\u94f6\u884c\u7b49\u7535\u5b50\u4ea7\u54c1\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5c06\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8303\u56f4\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4e5f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a7a\u767d\u73b0\u5728\u7531\u5236\u9020\u548c\u5b89\u88c5\u66f4\u591a\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u5904\u7406\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u586b\u8865\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e9a\u5386\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u5f6d\u7279\u5170<\/span>\uff08Alex Pentland\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e66\u300a\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Social Physics<\/em>\uff0c\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\u300a\u667a\u6167\u793e\u4f1a\uff09<\/span>[8]\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u4e0e\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\u5b54\u5fb7\u54f2\u5b66<\/span>\uff08Comte\u2019s philosophy\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u521d\u8877\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e0d\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u751f\u6210\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u76d1\u63a7\u6d41\u91cf\u7b49\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u4f18\u6b65<\/span>\uff08Uber\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u89e3\u51b3\u9884\u6d4b\u5ba2\u6237\u5728\u7ebf\u8ba2\u5355\u6570\u91cf\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8d8b\u52bf\u4e3a\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u8fde\u7ebf\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u7684\u524d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u517c\u4e3b\u7f16\u514b\u91cc\u65af\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Chris Anderson\uff09<\/span>\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u9762\u5bf9\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u79d1\u5b66\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6b63\u5728\u53d8\u5f97\u8fc7\u65f6\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u8fbe\u5230\u5343\u4e07\u4ebf\u5b57\u8282<\/span>\uff08PB\uff09<\/span>\u7ea7\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff1a\u201c\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u3002\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5904\u7406\u5668\u4e91\u96c6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u83b7\u5f97\u3001\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6b63\u5728\u6539\u53d8\u79d1\u5b66\u2026\u2026\u968f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u7b54\u6848\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4e5f\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u591a\u5219\u4e0d\u540c<\/span>\uff08More is different\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u201d[9]<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u7531\u6570\u636e\u548c\u6280\u672f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6ca1\u6709\u9519\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5bf9\u5177\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6570\u636e\u79d1\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u56de\u7b54\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u7840\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u884c\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5148\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u770b\u770b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5c06\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5047\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u8fd8\u5728\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u7684\u65b0\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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2. \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5f00\u53d1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5bf9\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5408\u4f5c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u5927\u91cf\u5f3a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span>\uff08agent\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3b\u4f53\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8d21\u732e\u4e86\u4e24\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u63a8\u5bfc\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u968f\u673a\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u6b64\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u65e8\u5728\u63ed\u793a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6709\u9650\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u51c6\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e\u5f00\u53d1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u5927\u6570\u636e\u65e0\u6cd5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u6821\u51c6\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e5f\u5927\u591a\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u58f0\u79f0\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u7531\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u81ea\u65cb\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9002\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e5f\u662f\u5f02\u8d28\u7684\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u76f8\u4f3c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u65b9\u5f0f\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5b66\u4e60\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9\u6fc0\u52b1\u548c\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u65b0\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4f7f\u9884\u6d4b\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6210\u529f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u5f80\u5f80\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u5b66\u79d1\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ea4\u53c9\u9762\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49\u6a21\u578b\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u751a\u81f3\u521b\u5efa\u7684\u65b0\u6570\u636e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u6f5c\u5728\u751f\u6210\u673a\u5236\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6210\u529f\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e4b\u95f4\u67b6\u8d77\u4e86\u6865\u6881\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5c06\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u3001\u5c40\u90e8\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0a\u7684\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e0e\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u5177\u4f53\u4e14\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\u3002\u7406\u60f3\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u9075\u5faa\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u5173\u5b66\u79d1<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6216\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u5bf9\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5141\u8bb8\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u6821\u51c6\u4ea4\u4e92\u673a\u5236\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u89c2\u6d4b\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u91cf\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u662f\u884c\u4eba\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[10]\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u6a21\u578b\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u884c\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u529b\u91cf\u3001\u9996\u9009\u79fb\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u969c\u788d\u7269\u3002\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5bf9\u884c\u4eba\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u6050\u6016\u88ad\u51fb\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u6050\u614c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u9003\u751f\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u5efa\u7b51\u7269\u548c\u8857\u9053\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u738b\u56fd\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u652f\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u96c6\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u6570\u636e\u9a71\u52a8\u5efa\u6a21\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u529f\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u7403\u822a\u7a7a\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad[11]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6821\u51c6\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u60c5\u7eea\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5efa\u6a21<\/span>\uff08\u89c1box\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u60c5\u7eea\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u5df2\u7ecf\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u6821\u51c6\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u518d\u73b0\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5728\u7ebf\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u96c6\u4f53\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n
Box\uff1a\u60c5\u7eea\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u4e0a\u9605\u8bfb\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u8bc4\u8bba\u8bc4\u4e3a\u6709\u7528\u6216\u65e0\u7528\u3002<\/span>\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u64b0\u5199\u5e76\u63d0\u4ea4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u83b7\u5f970\u52305\u9897\u661f\u7684\u8bc4\u7ea7\u5916\uff0c\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u8d1f\u9762\u5230\u6b63\u9762\u3002<\/span>\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5ba2\u6237\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u4e0a\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5982\u4f55\uff1f<\/span>
<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u6234\u7ef4\u00b7\u52a0\u897f\u4e9a<\/span>\uff08David Garcia\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6211\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u5bf916\u4e2a\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684180\u4e07\u6761\u533f\u540d\u8bc4\u8bba\u202f670\u79cd\u4ea7\u54c1[14]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u7eea\u68c0\u6d4b\u5668\u81ea\u52a8\u5bf9\u8bc4\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u5206\uff0c\u8bc4\u5206\u6807\u51c6\u4e3a10\u5206-5<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d1f\uff09<\/span>\u5230+5<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6b63\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u96f6\u88ab\u7701\u7565\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u7528\u5e03\u6717\u4e3b\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u590d\u5236\u96c6\u4f53\u60c5\u7eea\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5982\u5de6\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u719f\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u5f71\u54cd\u5fc3\u7406\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u8fc2\u56de\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u7531v\u6765\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u5b83\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0e\u60c5\u7eea\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5feb\u4e50\uff0c\u8303\u56f4\u4ece-5<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8d1f\uff09<\/span>\u5230+5<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6b63\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u89c9\u9192\uff08a\uff09\u4ee3\u8868\u7531\u60c5\u7eea\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u8d2d\u4e70\u6216\u8bc4\u4ef7\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u5f53a\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4f1a\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u7eea\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u5df1\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u60c5\u611f\u4fe1\u606f\uff08h\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u90e8\u60c5\u611f\u5f71\u54cd\uff08I\uff09\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u62a5\u9053\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53f3\u8fb9\u7684\u56fe\u8868\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u300a\u54c8\u5229\u6ce2\u7279\u4e0e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u5723\u5668\u300b<\/span>\uff082007\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u84dd\u6761\u662f\u8bc4\u8bba\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u60c5\u611f\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u7ea2\u8272\u503c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u8bc4\u8bba\u8005\u786e\u5b9e\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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 <\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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3. \u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

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<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5904\u7406TB\u7ea7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5305\u542b\u5173\u7cfb\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5904\u7406\u5927\u5c0f\u9002\u4e2d\u4f46\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u79d1\u5b66\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u670b\u53cb\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u901a\u8fc7\u4e13\u5229\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u8bc6\u5e93\u7684\u5bfc\u822a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u65b9\u6cd5\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5373\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5c06\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u8868\u793a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u7531\u8282\u70b9\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7531\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u8868\u793a\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c5e\u6027\u7531\u4ea4\u4e92\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u548c\u7f3a\u70b9\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u8282\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u4e3b\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u52a8\u6001\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u5efa\u6a21\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u90fd\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u4f53\u4ee5\u4e0d\u6b62\u4e00\u5bf9\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u6a21\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u9002\u7528\u7684\u3001\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5c0f\u4e16\u754c\u7f51\u7edc[12]\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e0e\u5176\u672c\u5730\u90bb\u5c45\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u94fe\u8def\u91cd\u65b0\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u8fdc\u7a0b\u8282\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6676\u683c\u62d3\u6251\u4e0a\u3002\u91cd\u65b0\u5e03\u7ebf\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4efb\u610f\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u805a\u7c7b\u7cfb\u6570<\/span>\uff08\u4e09\u4e2a\u76f8\u90bb\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u94fe\u63a5\u5f62\u6210\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u4e0e\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u786e\u7684\u751f\u6210\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u91cd\u65b0\u5e03\u7ebf\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u62d3\u6251\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u8c37\u6b4c\u7684PageRank\u3002\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u6839\u636e\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u67d0\u4e2a\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6765\u91cf\u5316\u8be5\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e0e\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u6709\u5173\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u5f81\u503c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8d28\uff0cPageRank\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7ad9\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u7f51\u7ad9\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u62d3\u6251\u5206\u6790\u9700\u8981\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u800c\u7f51\u7edc\u5fc5\u987b\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u91cd\u5efa\u3002\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u805a\u5408\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u7528\u6237\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7f51\u9875\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7f51\u9875\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5305\u542b\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u6392\u5e8f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5230\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u9636\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b<\/span>\uff08Markov\uff09<\/span>\u6a21\u578b\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u95f4\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u9636\u6570\u8868\u793a\u5bfc\u822a\u8def\u5f84\u4e2d\u5185\u5b58\u7684\u6301\u4e45\u6027\u3002\u4ece\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u91cd\u5efa\u7f51\u7edc\u65f6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u5ffd\u7565\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002\u65f6\u6001\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u5927\u5927\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4eba\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u6d4f\u89c8\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

  <\/span><\/p>\n

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1. P. Krugman, Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminishing Expectations, W. W. Norton (1994).<\/span><\/p>\n

2. S. Galam, Sociophysics: A Physicist\u2019s Modeling of Psycho-Political Phenomena, Springer (2012). <\/span><\/p>\n

3. M. Lewenstein, A. Nowak, B. Latan\u00e9, Phys. Rev. A 45, 763 (1992). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevA.45.763.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. K. Klemm, V. M. Egu\u00edluz, R. Toral, M. San Miguel, Phys. Rev. E 67, 045101 (2003). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.67.045101.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. W. Weidlich, Phys. Rep. 204, 1 (1991). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0370-1573(91)90024-G.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. S. Moss de Oliveira, P. M. C. de Olivera, D. Stauffer, Evolution, Money, War, and Computers: Non-traditional Applications of Computational Statistical Physics, Teubner (1999). <\/span><\/p>\n

7. C. Castellano, S. Fortunato, V. Loreto, Rev. Mod. Phys. 81, 591 (2009). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/RevModPhys.81.591.<\/span><\/p>\n

8. A. Pentland, Social Physics: How Good Ideas Spread\u2014The Lessons from a New Science, Penguin Press (2014).<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Wired staff, \u201cThe petabyte age: Because more isn\u2019t just more\u2014more is different,\u201d Wired, 23 June 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n

10. D. Helbing, I. Farkas, P. Moln\u00e1r, T. Vicsek, in Pedestrian and Evacuation Dynamics, M. Schreckenberg, S. D. Sharma, eds., Springer (2002), p. 21. <\/span><\/p>\n

11. L. Hufnagel, D. Brockmann, T. Geisel, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 15124 (2004). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0308344101.<\/span><\/p>\n

12. D. J. Watts, Am. J. Sociol. 105, 493 (1999).<\/span><\/p>\n

13. I. Scholtes, in KDD \u201917\u2014Proceedings of the 23rd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, ACM (2017), p. 1037. <\/span><\/p>\n

14. D. Garcia, F. Schweitzer, in 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust, and IEEE Third International Conference on Social Computing, CPS (2011), p. 483.<\/span><\/p>\n


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