{"id":34500,"date":"2022-05-19T20:00:29","date_gmt":"2022-05-19T12:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34500"},"modified":"2022-05-19T20:00:29","modified_gmt":"2022-05-19T12:00:29","slug":"nature%ef%bc%9a%e7%b1%bb%e8%84%91%e8%ae%a1%e7%ae%97%e4%ba%9f%e9%9c%80%e5%ae%8f%e5%a4%a7%e8%93%9d%e5%9b%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=34500","title":{"rendered":"Nature\uff1a\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e9f\u9700\u5b8f\u5927\u84dd\u56fe"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u4e0b\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u8017\u4e5f\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u652f\u6301\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u80fd\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e90\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u91c7\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u9700\u8981\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\u8fdb\u884c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u4eba\u8111\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u548c\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4e14\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7075\u611f\u542f\u53d1\u4e86\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u3001\u5b8c\u6210\u56fe\u50cf\u8bc6\u522b\u3001\u5bf9\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\u3001\u5e76\u53c2\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u66f4\u4f18\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6295\u8d44\u8fdc\u8fdc\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u53d1\u6325\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff1f\u8fd1\u671f\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Nature <\/em>\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e9f\u9700\u4e00\u5e45\u5b8f\u5927\u84dd\u56fe\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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A. Mehonic & A. J. Kenyon<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u4efb\u5361\u5a1c <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

JawDrin <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Brain-inspired computing needs a master plan<\/span>
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\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08Brain-inspired Computing\uff0c\u6216\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u8111\u542f\u53d1\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u613f\u666f\uff1a\u6309\u7167\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ee5\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u6548\u7387\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u6b63\u5728\u589e\u901f\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u975e\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u4e0e\u566a\u58f0\u6570\u636e\u3002\u8981\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u613f\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e9f\u9700\u4e00\u5f20\u5b8f\u56fe\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u91d1\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u91cd\u70b9\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u56e2\u4f53\u534f\u8c03\u5730\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u6628\u5929\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u8d70\u8fc7\uff1b\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u4e0a\u4e00\u5982\u65e2\u5f80\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u662f\u5426\u4e5f\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u8017\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u652f\u6301\u65e5\u76ca\u5e94\u7528\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\u3001\u6bcf\u79d2\u5e76\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6570\u7b49\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e91\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08Cloud-based Systems\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u3002\u77ac\u95f4\u83b7\u53d6\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u600e\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u73af\u5883\u6d88\u8017\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u8c37\u6b4c\u641c\u7d22\u90fd\u6709\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6bcf\u5e74\u5927\u7ea6\u4f7f\u7528200\u592a\u74e6\u65f6<\/span>\uff08terawatt\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u52302030\u5e74\u80fd\u8017\u8fd8\u5c06\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7[1]\u3002\u65e0\u72ec\u6709\u5076\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u7aef\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5DeepMind\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u50b2\u7684\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7b56\u7565\u6e38\u620f\u4e2d\u51fb\u8d25\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684 AlphaGo \u548c AlphaGo Zero \u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5355\u5143\u7684\u529f\u7387\u5927\u7ea6200\u74e6\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u7ea620\u74e6[2]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u6570\u636e\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u8fd0\u7b97\u90fd\u7528\u5f97\u4e0a\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u62c5\u5fc3\u5e94\u7528\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5e7f\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6210\u672c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u8003\u8651\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u8054\u7f51<\/span>\uff08Internat of Things, IoT\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4ee3\u7406<\/span>\uff08Autonomous Robotic Agents\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4e0d\u9700\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u5176\u80fd\u8017\u3002\u82e5\u80fd\u8017\u9700\u6c42\u8fc7\u9ad8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u5165\u65e0\u6570\u8bbe\u5907\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u4ece\u8c08\u8d77\u3002\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6fc0\u589e\u7684\u7b97\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u8fdc\u8d85\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08Moore’s Law\uff09<\/span>\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u7b97\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u7ffb\u500d\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1a\uff09<\/span>[3]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u534f\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u53d6\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u663e\u8457\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u4ee5NVIDA\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u5904\u7406\u5668<\/span>\uff08Graphics Processing Units, GPU\uff09<\/span>\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u81ea2012\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86317\u500d\uff0c\u8fdc\u8d85\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u9884\u8a00<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5904\u7406\u5668\u80fd\u8017\u4ece25W\u589e\u957f\u5230320W\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u5f00\u53d1\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0d\u51e1\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1b\uff0c\u7ea2\u8272\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\u662d\u793a\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d[4-5]\u3002\u4f46\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5355\u9760\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u957f\u671f\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u5f53\u60f3\u5230\u5927\u591a\u590d\u6742\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u9ad8\u8bad\u7ec3\u6210\u672c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9057\u61be\u5c24\u5176\u660e\u663e<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u65b0\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1\uff1a\u7b97\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u8fc5\u901f\u589e\u957f\u3002(a) \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u768440\u5e74\u4e2d\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u7b97\u529b\u7edf\u8ba1\u5355\u4f4d\u662fpetaFLOPS\u2009days\uff1a\u76f4\u52302012\u5e74\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u9700\u6c42\u6bcf24\u4e2a\u6708\u5c31\u7ffb\u4e00\u756a\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7b26\u5408\u6469\u5c14\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u589e\u901f\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u5df2\u7ecf\u7f29\u77ed\u5230\u5927\u7ea6\u6bcf2\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u9886\u57df[3]\u3002(b) \u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e94\u5e74\u4e2d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u786c\u4ef6\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff1a\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4f7f\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86300\u591a\u500d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u671b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u8fdb[22-24]\u3002(c) \u5219\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u81ea2011\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6a21\u578b\u57f9\u8bad\u6210\u672c\u4e0e\u65e5\u4ff1\u589e[25]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u80fd\u6e90\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6e90\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u548c\u50a8\u5b58\u6570\u636e\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u652f\u6491\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\uff08von Neumann Architecture\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u5904\u7406\u5668\u8981\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u82b1\u8d39\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u3002\u5e78\u800c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7075\u611f\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u65b0\u7684\u51fa\u8def\u2014\u2014\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5b8c\u6210\u50a8\u5b58\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5728\u65b9\u68461\u4e2d\u5c55\u5f00\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u80fd\u6e90\u5229\u7528\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u548c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4f7f\u53ef\u4ee5\u517c\u5f97\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5c31\u662f\u660e\u8bc1\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u517c\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e8c\u8005\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u592a\u591a\u9700\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5e76\u975e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u4eff\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5411\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\u5f53\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u51fa\u8def\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u5df2\u8db3\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u6fc0\u53d1\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5b58\u50a8\u5e76\u975e\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4eba\u8111\u2014\u2014\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u884c\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4eba\u8111\u5e73\u5747\u5305\u542b1011<\/sup>\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c1015<\/sup>\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\uff0c\u6d88\u8017\u5927\u7ea620\u74e6\u529f\u7387\uff1b\u800c\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u62df\u6d88\u80177900\u5343\u74e6[6]\u3002\u8fd9\u516d\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5927\u8111\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u6781\u9ad8\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5904\u7406\u566a\u58f0\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u80fd\u6e90\u6d88\u8017\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7-\u6570\u636e\u8f6c\u6362\u548c\u9ad8\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6700\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8d85\u7ea7\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u4e5f\u662f\u671b\u5c18\u83ab\u53ca\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u53e6\u8bd1\u4f5c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\uff09<\/span>\u6709\u671b\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u53f7\u548c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u6548\u7387\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5904\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u8ff9\u53ef\u5faa\u7684\u3002\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u201d<\/span>\uff08neuromorphic\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u8bcd\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6a21\u4eff\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5361\u5f17\u00b7\u7c73\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Carver Mead\uff09<\/span>\u521b\u9020[7-8]\u3002\u7075\u611f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u4e3a\u7b49\u6548\u7535\u8def[9]\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bf4\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8bf4\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5927\u8111\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7075\u611f\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u4ee5\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u4f20\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0\uff08\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u8fe5\u5f02\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ec4\u5408\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\uff08Analogue Data Processing\uff09\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1\uff08Asychronous Communication\uff09\u3001\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\uff08Massively Parallel Processing, MPP\uff09\u6216\u8005\u8109\u51b2\u7248\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u6b8b\u5dee\u7f51\u7edc\uff08Spiking Deep Residual Network, Spiking ResNet\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\uff0c\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u81f3\u5c11\u4e09\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u529f\u80fd\uff08\u5927\u8111\u9006\u5411\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09\u3001\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5f00\u53d1\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u548c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff081\uff09\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u529f\u80fd<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u7a81\u89e6\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6027\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u201d\u3002\u7c7b\u8111\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u7269\u7406\u539f\u7406\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5904\u7406\u97f3\u9891\u3001\u89c6\u9891\u6216\u667a\u80fd\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7b49\u884c\u4f7f\u529f\u80fd\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8f7d\u4f53\u96a7\u9053\uff08Carrier Tunneling\uff09\u3001\u7845\u6d6e\u6805\u4e0a\u7684\u8377\u7535\u4fdd\u6301\u80fd\u529b\uff08Charge Retention\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u8bbe\u5907\u6216\u6750\u6599\u5c5e\u6027\u5bf9\u5404\u79cd\u573a\u5448\u6307\u6570\u589e\u957f\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u3002\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5f15\u6587[41]\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff082\uff09\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b0\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff08\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u50cf\u5927\u8111\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\u5b8c\u6210\u50a8\u5b58\u4e0e\u5904\u7406\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u7535\u538b\u5c16\u5cf0\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u8fd9\u6837\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff083\uff09\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b0\u578b\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5de7\u5987\u96be\u4e3a\u65e0\u7c73\u4e4b\u708a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6491\u5b9e\u73b0\u4eff\u751f\u529f\u80fd\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u53ef\u5b9a\u5236\u7279\u6027\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u6a21\u4eff\u7a81\u89e6\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u5177\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6fc0\u52a8\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u5143\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u5fc6\u963b\u5668\uff1a\u5176\u7535\u963b\u503c\u662f\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u963b\u503c\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u5fc6\u963b\u5668\u590d\u6742\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7535\u53cd\u5e94\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u6570\u5b57\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5143\u4ef6\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u7a81\u89e6\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u53d8\u6743\u91cd\u3001\u8ba4\u77e5\u5904\u7406\u5143\u4ef6\u3001\u5149\u5b66\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8bbe\u5907[42]\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5177\u5907\u771f\u6b63\u6811\u7a81\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u529f\u80fd[43]\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u53cd\u5e94\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u632f\u8361\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fb9\u7f18\u8fd0\u884c[44-45]\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u5355\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8054\u7cfb\u5728\u4e00\u8d77[46]\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u9700\u5f88\u5c11\u80fd\u91cf\u4fbf\u53ef\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u6570\u636e\u6f2b\u8c08\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6570\u636e\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u7269\u7406\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7eaf\u7406\u8bba\u8fd0\u7b97\u4e2d\u7684\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8a00\u53ca\u5927\u8111\u201c\u5904\u7406\u6570\u636e\u201d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u5957\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u60f3\u8c61\u4e00\u4e0b\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4ece\u6a21\u62df\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u5230\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fd9\u6837\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u8fd0\u884c\uff1a\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u907f\u514d\u751f\u6210\u5927\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff1b\u5728\u540e\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u5904\u7406\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7684\u7406\u7531\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4fe1\u53f7\uff1a\u9ad8\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u62bd\u8c61\u5254\u9664\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u8ffd\u6c42\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u6210\u672c\u6765\u7528\u6548\u7387\u6362\u53d6\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u4ecd\u662f\u6982\u7387\u7684<\/span>\uff08probabilistic\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6548\u7387\u6362\u53d6\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7531\u4f20\u7edf\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f0a\u66fc\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6267\u884c\u652f\u6491\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u8ba1\u7b97\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u80fd\u8017\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u5cf0\u503c<\/span>\uff08spike-based\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u6a21\u62df\u6216\u6df7\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6267\u884c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u548c\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u70b9\u71c3\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u8bbe\u5907\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u5174\u594b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u65b9\u68461\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u201d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5404\u6709\u5343\u79cb\u3002\u4e00\u8a00\u853d\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u786c\u4ef6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u7c7b\u8111\u82af\u7247\u65e8\u5728\u6574\u5408\u548c\u5229\u7528\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u7528\u7279\u5f81<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5185\u5b58\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08in-memory computing\uff0c\u6216\u8bd1\u4f5c\u201c\u5b58\u7b97\u4e00\u4f53\u5316\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c16\u5cf0\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08spike-based information processing\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5e76\u884c\u6027<\/span>\uff08fine-grained parallelism\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u80fd\u591f\u5f39\u6027\u5e94\u5bf9\u566a\u58f0\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5904\u7406\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3001\u786c\u4ef6\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u5f02\u6b65\u901a\u4fe1<\/span>\uff08asynchronous communication\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u5904\u7406<\/span>\uff08analogue processing\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u591a\u5c11\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5c1a\u65e0\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e3b\u6d41\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u6240\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8ff7\u5931\u5728\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5173\u6ce8\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5426\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u6280\u672f\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u5728\u89e3\u6784\u4e0e\u5efa\u6784\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6c42\u7d22\uff1a\u89e3\u6784\u8bd5\u56fe\u9006\u5411\u62c6\u89e3\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6df1\u5965\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5efa\u6784\u5219\u5c3d\u529b\u4ece\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e2d\u5bfb\u627e\u7075\u611f\u3002\u6f2b\u6f2b\u89e3\u6784\u4e4b\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\uff08Human Brain Project, HBP\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9ad8\u8c03\u800c\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5341\u5e74\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u81ea2013\u5e74\u8d77\u7531\u6b27\u76df\u5f00\u59cb\u8d44\u52a9\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u5212\u91c7\u7528\u4e24\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u5f00\u653e\u53ef\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u66fc\u5f7b\u65af\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u7684 SpiNNaker \u548c\u6d77\u5fb7\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684 BrainScaleS\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e73\u53f0\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5927\u8111\u7ed3\u6784\u7845\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u7269\u5927\u8111\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u3002\u800c\u5efa\u6784\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7b5a\u8def\u84dd\u7f15\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u56e2\u961f\u4f7f\u7528\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u5b57\u6216\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u56fe2\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u82af\u7247\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5728\u5206\u6790-\u5408\u6210\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5c06\u5176\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u8bf4\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u8fb9\u7f18\u8bbe\u5907\u4e2d\u5b83\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u80fd\u91cf\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6536\u76ca<\/span>\uff08\u8d77\u7801\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u6d88\u9664\u4e0e\u4e91\u6301\u7eed\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2. \u7c7b\u8111\u82af\u7247\u7684\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7c7b\u8111\u82af\u7247\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5728\u89e3\u6784-\u5efa\u6784\uff08\u5206\u6790-\u5408\u6210\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u8272\u548c\u6280\u672f\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u7c7b\u8111\u8ba1\u7b97\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e8c\u5206\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u518d\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u65b0\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u6570\u5b57CMOS\uff08Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor\uff0c\u4e92\u8865\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c27\u5316\u7269\u534a\u5bfc\u4f53\uff09\u5b9e\u73b0\uff08\u5982\u6570\u5b57\u6a21\u62df\u5cf0\u503c\u800c\u975e\u7535\u538b\u6a21\u62df\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u8def\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u843d\u5728\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u8111\u82af\u7247\u81f3\u5c11\u5177\u5907\u53f3\u4fa7\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684CMOS\u82af\u7247\u3002\u53f3\u4e0a\u89d2\u6807\u6ce8a\u8868\u793a\u642d\u8f7d\u5fc6\u963b\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u7c7b\u8111\u82af\u7247\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599[26-40]\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • \n
    Neurogrid\uff1aBenjamin, B. V. et al. Neurogrid: a mixed-analog\u2013digital multichip system for large-scale neural simulations. Proc. IEEE 102, 699\u2013716 (2014).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    BrainSclaseS\uff1aSchmitt, S. et al. Neuromorphic hardware in the loop: training a deep spiking network on the BrainScaleS wafer-scale system. In 2017 Intl Joint Conf. Neural Networks (IJCNN) <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ijcnn.2017.7966125 (IEEE, 2017).<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    MNIFAT\uff1aLichtsteiner, P., Posch, C. & Delbruck, T. A 128\u2009\u00d7\u2009128 120\u2009dB 15\u2009\u03bcs latency asynchronous temporal contrast vision sensor. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 43, 566\u2013576 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    DYNAP\uff1aMoradi, S., Qiao, N., Stefanini, F. & Indiveri, G. A scalable multicore architecture with heterogeneous memory structures for dynamic neuromorphic asynchronous processors (DYNAPs). IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 12, 106\u2013122 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    DYNAP-SEL\uff1aThakur, C. S. et al. Large-scale neuromorphic spiking array processors: a quest to mimic the brain. Front. Neurosci. 12, 891 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    ROLLS\uff1aQiao, N. et al. A reconfigurable on-line learning spiking neuromorphic processor comprising 256 neurons and 128K synapses. Front. Neurosci. 9, 141 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Spirit\uff1aValentian, A. et al. in 2019 IEEE Intl Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) 14.3.1\u201314.3.4 <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IEDM19573.2019.8993431 (IEEE, 2019).<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    ReASOn\uff1aResistive Array of Synapses with ONline Learning (ReASOn) Developed by NeuRAM3 Project <\/span>https:\/\/cordis.europa.eu\/project\/id\/687299\/reporting (2021).<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    DeepSouth\uff1aWang, R. et al. Neuromorphic hardware architecture using the neural engineering framework for pattern recognition. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 11, 574\u2013584 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
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    SpiNNaker\uff1aFurber, S. B., Galluppi, F., Temple, S. & Plana, L. A. The SpiNNaker Project. Proc. IEEE 102, 652\u2013665 (2014). An example of a large-scale neuromorphic system as a model for the brain.<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    IBM TrueNorth\uff1aMerolla, P. A. et al. A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface. Science 345, 668\u2013673 (2014).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Intel Loihi\uff1aDavies, M. et al. Loihi: a neuromorphic manycore processor with on-chip learning. IEEE Micro 38, 82\u201399 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Tianjic\uff1aPei, J. et al. Towards artificial general intelligence with hybrid Tianjic chip architecture. Nature 572, 106\u2013111 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    ODIN\uff1aFrenkel, C., Lefebvre, M., Legat, J.-D. & Bol, D. A 0.086-mm2 12.7-pJ\/SOP 64k-synapse 256-neuron online-learning digital spiking neuromorphic processor in 28-nm CMOS. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. 13, 145\u2013158 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    Intel SNN chip\uff1aChen, G. K., Kumar, R., Sumbul, H. E., Knag, P. C. & Krishnamurthy, R. K. A 4096-neuron 1M-synapse 3.8-pJ\/SOP spiking neural network with on-chip STDP learning and sparse weights in 10-nm FinFET CMOS. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 54, 992\u20131002 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

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    \u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u793e\u7fa4\u6b63\u5728\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u58ee\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u96be\u514d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f1a\u8bae\u3001\u4e13\u9898\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u548c\u671f\u520a\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u603b\u7ed3\u66f4\u65b0\u7740\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u7c7b\u8111\u9886\u57df\u7ec8\u7a76\u5927\u4e1a\u672a\u7adf\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u670d\u8d44\u52a9\u673a\u6784\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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    \u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u4e0e\u7c7b\u8111\u9886\u57df\u91c7\u53d6\u5927\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5df2\u65f6\u673a\u6210\u719f\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u5e94\u5f53\u6253\u901a\u4ea7\u5b66\u7814\u4e09\u65b9\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u4ee5\u4efb\u52a1\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u63a8\u8fdb\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u62db\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u5c61\u8bd5\u4e0d\u723d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\uff08National Nanotechnology Initiative\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50[10]\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b9e\u4f53\u673a\u6784\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u865a\u62df\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u628a\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5f02\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u7684\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\uff0c\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u3001\u7535\u8def\u3001\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7b49\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u62bd\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u7fa4\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u7fa4\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u800c\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u524d\u54a8\u8be2\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u5e94\u8be5\u8d2f\u7a7f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u5730\u5c06\u5404\u81ea\u9886\u57df\u7684\u539f\u7406\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f53\u4e2d\u3002\u51e1\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u8db3\u89c1\uff1a\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u521b\u9020\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u8981\u52a1\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5e94\u79ef\u6781\u62db\u5f95\u5e7f\u5927\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5177\u5907\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4e00\u652f\u6709\u5408\u4f5c\u81ea\u89c9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u961f\u4f0d\u66f4\u662f\u5173\u952e\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u5f88\u5c11\u63a5\u89e6\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u7535\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7279\u70b9\u5177\u5907\u4e00\u5b9a\u5e38\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u524d\u6cbf\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u503c\u5f97\u53c2\u8003\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u8bbe\u7acb\u7855\u58eb\u8bfe\u7a0b\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u57f9\u8bad\u9879\u76ee\u6765\u57f9\u517b\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08<\/strong>\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u4e8b\u4f1a\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u57f9\u517b\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08Centres for Doctoral Training, CDTs\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u91cd\u70b9\u9879\u76ee\u652f\u6301\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u9886\u57df\u3002CDT\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u6784\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u8de8\u673a\u6784\u7684\u4e92\u8865\u6027\u56e2\u961f\uff0c\u5404\u673a\u6784\u5728\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u4f5c\u5927\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9879\u76ee\u5f80\u5f80\u53c8\u4e0e\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u5bc6\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e38\u89c4\u535a\u58eb\u57f9\u517b\u9879\u76ee\u671b\u5c18\u83ab\u53ca\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u57f9\u517b\u51fa\u9ad8\u7d20\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u3002\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u793e\u7fa4\u6240\u503c\u5f97\u501f\u9274\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u7fa4\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u4e2d\u8bde\u751f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u3002\u9996\u521b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6709\uff1a\u683c\u7f57\u5b81\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6750\u6599\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee[11]\u3001\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u5de5\u4e1a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5de5\u7a0b\u7855\u58eb\u9879\u76ee[12]\u3001\u82cf\u9ece\u4e16\u8054\u90a6\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u5de5\u7a0b\u6a21\u62df\u7535\u8def\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bfe\u7a0b[13]\u3001\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u578b[14]\u4ee5\u53ca\u585e\u7ef4\u5229\u4e9a\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u5b66\u9662<\/span>\uff08Microelectr\u00f3nica de Sevilla\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8bfe\u7a0b[15]\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u8def\u6f2b\u6f2b\u5176\u4fee\u8fdc\u516e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5728\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e5f\u4e9f\u9700\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u56fd\u754c\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u624d\u662f\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u56fd\u9645\u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u65e0\u7591\u8981\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u795e\u7ecf\u6280\u672f\u8054\u76df<\/span>\uff08European Neurotech consortium\uff09<\/span>[16]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u7d2f\u65af\u987f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u3001\u8bbe\u5907\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u4f18\u79c0\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7684Chua\u5fc6\u963b\u5668\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08Chua Memristor Centre\uff09<\/span>[17]\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5b81\u53ef\u4e00\u601d\u8fdb\uff0c\u83ab\u5728\u4e00\u601d\u505c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u90a3\u4e48\u5982\u4f55\u5438\u5f15\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301<\/strong>\u5462\uff1f\u653f\u5e9c\u627f\u8bfa\u9ad8\u80fd\u6548\u7684\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u662f\u63a8\u52a8\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u8282\u80fd\u51cf\u6392\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd8\u5c06\u52a0\u901f\u5b75\u80b2\u66f4\u591a\u56f4\u7ed5\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u3001\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u5206\u6790\u3001\u836f\u7269\u548c\u75ab\u82d7\u7814\u53d1\u5efa\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7b49\u65b0\u5174\u4f4e\u78b3\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u73b0\u6709\u884c\u4e1a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u66f4\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u6570\u5b57\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u80fd\u6e90\u6210\u672c\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6b21\u4f18\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u826f\u6027\u5faa\u73af\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u51cf\u5c11\u77e5\u8bc6\u6280\u672f\u7684\u78b3\u8db3\u8ff9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u5c06\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u98a0\u8986\u6027\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u5174\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u4ea7\u4e1a\u521b\u9020\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u6761\u8def\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u90fd\u50cf\u753b\u5927\u997c\uff0c\u4e0d\u59a8\u770b\u770b\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u4f9d\u6258\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u8ba1\u5212<\/span>\uff08National Quantum Technologies Programme\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u7ea610\u4ebf\u82f1\u9551\uff0c\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5de5\u4e1a\u754c\u548c\u5b66\u672f\u754c\uff0c\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u79d1\u5b66\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9488\u5bf9\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u548c\u8ba1\u91cf\u3001\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u901a\u4fe1\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6280\u672f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u3001\u8f6f\u786c\u4ef6\u4ff1\u5168\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08National Quantum Computing Centre\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4ef7\u503c\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u57282018\u5e74\u59d4\u6258\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u79d1\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u6218\u7565\u6982\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08National Strategic Overview for Quantum Information Science\uff09<\/span>[18]\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u4e3a\u671f5\u5e74\u3001\u6295\u516512\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cf\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u8ba1\u5212[19]\u3002\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u6301\u4e0e\u653f\u7b56\u7ea2\u5229\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e00\u80a1\u521b\u7acb\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u70ed\u6f6e\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u5206\u6790\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c2017\u548c2018\u5e74\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u79c1\u8425\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u878d\u8d44\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fbe\u52304.5\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143[20]\u2014\u2014\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5f15\u5bfc\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u89c1\u4e00\u6591\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6280\u672f\u6bd4\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u66f4\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u98a0\u8986\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u652f\u6301\u4ecd\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5f62\u6001\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662f\u672a\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e09\u5927\u65b9\u5411\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u7070\u59d1\u5a18\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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      \n
    1. \n

      Jones, N. How to stop data centres from gobbling up the world\u2019s electricity. Nature <\/span>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-018-06610-y (12 September 2018).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Wu, K. J. Google\u2019s new AI is a master of games, but how does it compare to the human mind? Smithsonian <\/span>https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/innovation\/google-ai-deepminds-alphazero-games-chess-and-go-180970981\/ (10 December 2018).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      Amodei, D. & Hernandez, D. AI and compute. OpenAI Blog <\/span>https:\/\/openai.com\/blog\/ai-and-compute\/ (16 May 2018).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

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