{"id":35105,"date":"2022-06-10T22:31:45","date_gmt":"2022-06-10T14:31:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35105"},"modified":"2022-06-10T22:31:45","modified_gmt":"2022-06-10T14:31:45","slug":"%e9%95%bf%e6%96%87%e7%bf%bb%e8%af%91%ef%bc%9a%e9%80%9a%e8%bf%87%e9%99%90%e5%88%b6%e5%bc%95%e5%af%bc%e8%87%aa%e7%bb%84%e7%bb%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35105","title":{"rendered":"\u957f\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nuno Ara\u00fajo et al.<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Steering self-organisation through confinement<\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/span>http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2204.10059<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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1. \u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5355\u5143\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f71\u54cd\u751a\u81f3\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9650\u5236\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u6765\u81ea\u8868\u9762\u3001\u754c\u9762\u3001\u573a\u3001\u52bf\u80fd\u3001\u6d41\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u6765\u81ea\u65e0\u5f62\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u56e0\u7d20\u3002[13] \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2a\u4f53\u9650\u5236\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6d8c\u73b0\u6216\u8005\u6291\u5236\u96c6\u7fa4\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u7269<\/strong>\u3002\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u5c3a\u5ea6\u89c4\u6a21\u8de8\u8d8a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5341\u5206\u5de8\u5927<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u88ab\u5206\u5b50\u9a6c\u8fbe\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u4e1d\u72b6\u4f53<\/span>\uff08filament\uff09<\/span>[14]\uff0c\u5230\u88ab\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u5708\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u76f8\u5e72\u6d41\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0[15]\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5f15\u529b\u62c9\u626f\u4e0b\u6574\u4e2a\u661f\u7cfb\u7684\u5f62\u6210[16]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u9650\u5236\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6[17]\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u6216\u8005\u6291\u5236\u5242\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u524d\u9014\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u5668\uff0c\u8c03\u8282\u96c6\u7fa4\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u5982\u5728\u8868\u9762\u5206\u5b50\u4f20\u611f\u5668[18]\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u652f\u67b6[19]\u3001\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5c4f\u969c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u7fa4\u7b56\u7565[20]\u7b49\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u7406\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u672c\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5229\u7528\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5176\u9650\u5236\u7279\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc\u5f00\u53d1\u63a7\u5236\u4eba\u9020\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5171\u540c\u52aa\u529b\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5728\u9650\u5236\u610f\u4e49\u4e0b\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u57fa\u672c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5177\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u65f6\u7a7a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9700\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5145\u5206\u53d1\u6325\u9650\u5236\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u53bb\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u9996\u5148\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u9650\u5236\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u63a7\u5236\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u786e\u5b9a\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u5217\u51fa\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u6280\u672f\u8981\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe1. \u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u3002(a) \u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5355\u5143\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff08\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff09\u6216\u8005\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7bad\u5934\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u573a\u3002(b) \u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2a\u4f53\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5143\u7d20\uff08\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u9002\u5e94\u5e76\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u8f93\u51fa\uff09\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u8868\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5916\u90e8\u529b\u573a\uff08\u9650\u5236\uff09\u5bf9\u6dfb\u52a0\u7ed9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\uff08\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u73af\uff09\u505a\u51fa\u54cd\u5e94\uff0c\u53d8\u5316\u4ee5\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u65cb\u8f6c\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0ea\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/span>
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 <\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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2. \u9650\u5236\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u6df1\u5165\u8ba8\u8bba\u9650\u5236\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u5982\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u56ca\u6ce1[24]\uff09\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6216\u5bfc\u81f4\u66ff\u4ee3\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5f62\u6210<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8868\u9762\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u5c42\u8868\u9762\u6d3b\u6027\u5242[24]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7f3a\u5c11\u9650\u5236\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7edd\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ec6\u80de\u5668[25]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u4e0e\u5916\u754c\u5206\u9694\u5f00[26]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u79fb\u548c\u65cb\u8f6c\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\uff1b\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u4e0e\u5f3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff1b\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0e\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u666f\u89c2<\/span>\uff08energy landscape\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u7387\u6216\u4ea4\u4e92\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e73\u884c\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u6982\u7387\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u652f\u6301\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5165\u51e0\u79cd\u975e\u4e92\u65a5\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u548c\u6027\u8d28\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u7269\u7406\u9650\u5236 vs \u6709\u6548\u9650\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u7269\u7406<\/span>\uff08physical\uff09<\/span>\u9650\u5236\u662f\u6307\u7269\u7406\u969c\u788d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u9650\u5236\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u76f8\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u67d4\u6027\u819c[2]\uff0c\u6216\u5fae\u6cf3\u7c92\u5b50[28]\u3001\u673a\u5668\u4eba[29]\u6216\u884c\u4eba[4]\u7684\u521a\u6027\u58c1\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u6548<\/span>\uff08effective\uff09<\/span>\u9650\u5236\u6e90\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u89c2\u6216\u865a\u62df\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u7531\u5177\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u5185\u5728\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08intrinsic capability\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5355\u5143\u611f\u77e5\u5230<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc[30]\u6216\u8681\u7fa4[31]\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u75d5\u8ff9\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u529b\u573a[32]\uff0c\u5fae\u6cf3\u7c92\u5b50\u6d88\u8017\u8d44\u6e90\u91cf\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316 [28]\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u8303\u56f4[33]\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u4ea7\u751f\u6e4d\u6d41\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u573a[15]\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4f7f\u661f\u7cfb\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u573a[16]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u786c\u8fb9\u754c vs \u8f6f\u8fb9\u754c<\/strong>\u3002\u786c\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0d\u53d7\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fa\u4f53\u5899[34]\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09<\/span>\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8f6f\u8fb9\u754c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5f62\u3001\u91cd\u5851\u3001\u9002\u5e94\u5e76\u6f14\u5316\u4ee5\u54cd\u5e94\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u819c[35]\u6216\u6d41\u4f53\u754c\u9762[36]\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9650\u5236\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u9759\u6001\u9650\u5236 vs \u52a8\u6001\u9650\u5236<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u9759\u6001\u9650\u5236\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u6cf3\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u5ba4\u58c1\uff08microfluidic chamber\uff09[37]\uff0c\u6216\u7528\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u6d3b\u6027\u9897\u7c92\u7269\u8d28[34]\u7684\u677f\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u9650\u5236\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u800c\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u7684\u9650\u5236\u573a[38]\uff0c\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u7269\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\uff0c\u5982\u8682\u8681\u6cbf\u7740\u5176\u540c\u4f34\u4e4b\u524d\u8d70\u8fc7\u7684\u8def\u5f84[31]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u6b63\u5411\u5f3a\u5316 vs \u8d1f\u5411\u5f3a\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6b63\u5411<\/span>\uff08positively\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u8d1f\u5411<\/span>\uff08negatively\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u793a\u7531\u4e8e\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u589e\u5f3a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u611f\u5e94\uff08quorum sensing\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7269 [30] \u6216\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6210\u4e0e\u589e\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6[39]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u88ab\u7834\u574f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7531\u4e8e\u591a\u5b54\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u7ed3\u6676\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f1a\u6d88\u9000[40]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u5916\u90e8\u5f3a\u5316 vs \u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5916\u90e8\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9886\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u6d3b\u6027\u80f6\u4f53\u3001\u7fa4\u5c45\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u81ea\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08self-imposed confinement\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u901a\u8fc7\u5185\u90e8\u53cd\u9988\u4ea7\u751f\u7fa4\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u50cf\u8682\u8681\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7fa4\u5c45\u52a8\u7269\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7ebf\u7d22 [31]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u56fe2\u7684\u9876\u90e8\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     <\/span>
    <\/section>\n
    \u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u83b7\u53d6\u5bf9\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6709\u6548\u3001\u8f6f\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u53ca\u81ea\u6211\u5f3a\u5316\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u521b\u5efa\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u6216\u5185\u90e8\u5b9e\u65bd\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u96c6\u7fa4\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6216\u6291\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe2. \u4e0d\u540c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff08\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u9650\u5236\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u6a2a\u8f74\u4ee3\u8868\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u5929\u6587\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7eb5\u8f74\u4ee3\u8868\u57fa\u4e8e\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u6216\u5f53\u524d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f8\u5e94\u4e86\u89e3\uff08\u5212\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u201c\u79d1\u5b66\u201d\uff09\u5212\u5206\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u7684\u5e95\u90e8\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u7b80\u4fbf\u3001\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u84dd\u8272\u9634\u5f71\u7a81\u51fa\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5916\u90e8\u8fb9\u754c\uff08\u5982\u58c1\uff08walls\uff09\u3001\u754c\u9762\u548c\u52bf\u80fd\uff09\u3002\u5728\u56fe\u7684\u9876\u90e8\uff0c\u5355\u72ec\u5217\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9650\u5236\u7c7b\u578b\u4e86\u89e3\u5f88\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u9650\u5236\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u4e0e\u9650\u5236\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u63a7\u5236\u73af\u3002\uff08\u5982\u5728\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7269\u819c\u5f62\u6210\u524d\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u611f\u5e94\u4e2d[21]\uff0c\u5728\u8681\u7fa4\u5efa\u9020\u6865\u6881\u7b49\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\u4e2d[22]\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u884c\u661f\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u5f15\u529b\u4e2d[23]\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    3. \u9996\u8981\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6311\u6218<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u5f00\u53d1\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u76f8\u5e94\u5b66\u79d1\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u9650\u5236\u5728\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u6291\u5236\u96c6\u7fa4\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u534f\u540c\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u5176\u53d1\u5c55\uff1a\u666e\u904d\u6027<\/span>\uff08universality\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5f02\u8d28\u6027<\/span>\uff08heterogeneity\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5c42\u7ea7\u6027<\/span>\uff08hierarchy\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4e92\u60e0\u6027<\/span>\uff08reciprocity\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u9650\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5171\u540c\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u666e\u904d\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u65e8\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u80fd\u5426\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3001\u5b66\u79d1\u3002\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u5c06\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u957f\u5ea6\u6216\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u6f5c\u5728\u5f71\u54cd\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6a21\u5f0f\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u63a7\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002  <\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u8bbe\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u5355\u5143<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f[41]\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5316\u548c\u764c\u75c7\u7ec6\u80de[42]\u6216\u591a\u5206\u6563\u7684\u80f6\u4f53[43]\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u9650\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7531\u591a\u5b54\u6750\u6599\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u6d41\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u5206\u5e03[44]\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u7fa4\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u6216\u805a\u96c6[45]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u9650\u5236\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e6\u53d1\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5316[42]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5c42\u7ea7\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u51b3\u5b9a\u66f4\u5927\u957f\u5ea6\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5355\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6709\u5c42\u6b21\u6027\u5730\u53d1\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u5355\u5143\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u88ab\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7 [46]\u3002\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u9650\u5236\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u4e3a\u5355\u5143 [47]\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u6784\u6210\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u611f\u5b98\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f62\u6210\u7f8a\u7fa4\u3001\u725b\u7fa4\u3001\u9c7c\u7fa4 [48]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u5f53\u5730\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u9650\u5236\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u5b8c\u6574\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf [49]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5143\u7d20\u8c03\u8282\u4ece\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5230\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53cc\u5411\u4ea4\u4e92\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5173\u952e\u9650\u5236\u5b9e\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u5668\u5b98\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5f97\u4ee5\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u5468\u56f4\u7ec4\u7ec7[50]\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u6210\u5206\u4e0d\u65ad\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u53cd\u9988\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u9996\u8981\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\u662f\u9610\u660e\u3001\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u6a21\u62df\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5982\u4f55<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f55\u65f6\uff09<\/span>\u8c03\u8282\u6216\u5206\u79bb\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u56fe3. \u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u5f62\u6210\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5c42\u7ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u5b8c\u6210\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u9650\u5236\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7269\u7406\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u529b\uff08F\uff09\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u590d\u6742\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4f9d\u8d56\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c42\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u4e92\u60e0\u6027\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u5f62\u6210\u52a8\u6001\u53cd\u9988\u56de\u8def\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u53d8\u5316\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3001\u54cd\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u521b\u4f24\u6108\u5408\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u518d\u751f\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de-\u57fa\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50[51]\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u9650\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u91c7\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u673a\u68b0\u4fe1\u53f7\u8f6c\u5bfc<\/span>\uff08mechanotransduction\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7ec6\u80de\u5f00\u59cb\u5206\u6ccc\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u5339\u914d\u7684\u80f6\u539f\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9650\u5236\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u80fd\u591f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4ea7\u7269\u6216\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff1f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b9a\u4e49\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5229\u7528\u9650\u5236\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9650\u5236\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span><\/strong>\uff1a<\/span><\/strong>\u6700\u540e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u6267\u884c\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u7279\u5b9a\u5355\u5143\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u5411\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u4f18\u5316\u5355\u5143\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u53cd\u5411\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5728\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9650\u5236\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u3001\u53ef\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u522b\u64c5\u957f\u7f16\u7801\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7DNA\u548cRNA\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u5229\u7528\u9650\u5236\u6765\u521b\u9020\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c06DNA\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u5185\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7ec4\u88c5\u548c\u5206\u51fa\u529f\u80fd\u533a\u9694\uff0c\u5982\u6eb6\u9176\u4f53\u6216\u65e0\u819c\u7ec6\u80de\u5668\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6709\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u9020\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u5f00\u53d1\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u6750\u6599\u548c\u667a\u80fd\u8bbe\u5907[12]\u6216\u4eba\u7fa4\u7ba1\u7406[20]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
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    <\/section>\n

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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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    4. \u524d\u666f\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u8ba8\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6280\u672f\u901a\u5e38\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9884\u671f\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u5c06\u9762\u4e34\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f00\u53d1\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5bb9\u6613\u8bc6\u522b\u6216\u91cf\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6709\u6548\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u79fb\u52a8\u8fb9\u754c<\/span>\uff08\u7531\u4e8e\u65f6\u95f4\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u9650\u5236\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u63a2\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u8bf4\u5c24\u5176\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u884c\u4e3a\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u9650\u5236\u5143\u7d20\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7248\u672c\u7684\u73bb\u5c14\u4e92\u8865\u539f\u7406[52]\u6240\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5355\u5143\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de-\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u751f\u5316\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8def\u7684\u590d\u6742\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53d7\u5230\u5468\u56f4\u57f9\u517b\u57fa[51]\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff1b\u5728\u4eba\u7fa4\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u96be\u4ee5\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u5f02\u8d28\u6027[2,53]\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4f9d\u9760\u5916\u90e8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u52a8\u6001\u63a2\u6d4b\u6b63\u5728\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5341\u5206\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6216\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5149\u5b66\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u5b9e\u65f6\u6210\u50cf\u5728\u4f53\u5185\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9650\u5236\u672c\u8eab\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u63d0\u53d6\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u969c\u788d[54]\uff1b\u5728\u80f6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u867d\u7136\u5728\u4f53\u79ef\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6db2\u4f53\u754c\u9762[36]\u5904\u5374\u5f88\u5c11\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\uff1b\u4f53\u5185\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u7279\u522b\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e\u63a2\u6d4b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u5feb\u53d8\u5f97\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u4fb5\u88ad\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u60c5\u51b5<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8367\u5149\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6210\u50cf[55]\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5149\u6bd2\u6027\u548c\u6f02\u767d\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u5229\u7528\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5173\u952e\u7269\u7406\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u7ea6\u675f\u548c\u4e92\u60e0\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u524d\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u5fc5\u987b\u4e86\u89e3\u5f71\u54cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u91cf\u7684\u610f\u4e49<\/span>\uff08\u5982PH\u503c\u3001\u6d53\u5ea6\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u529b\u3001\u6d41\u4f53\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u68af\u5ea6\u3001\u5f39\u6027\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u80fd\u591f\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cf\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u7279\u522b\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u5176\u5f00\u53d1\u5e94\u8be5\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u5bc6\u5207\u534f\u540c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u52aa\u529b\u5f00\u53d1\u8db3\u591f\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u6613\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u8db3\u591f\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u6307\u5bfc\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u6355\u83b7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u5355\u5143\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u663e\u5f97\u5c24\u4e3a\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u9650\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u5355\u5143\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u540c\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u7801\u548c\u5904\u7406\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u5236\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u9002\u5e94\u53cd\u9988\u673a\u5236\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u7f16\u7801\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u5236\u9020\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bf8\u5982\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u7eb3\u7c73\u548c\u5fae\u7ec6\u5236\u9020\u30013D\u6253\u5370\u6216\u65f6\u53d8\u573a\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5bf9\u5c0f\u578b\u5316\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u9700\u6c42<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7cbe\u786e\u533b\u7597\u7b49\u7279\u5b9a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u9650\u5236\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u5e74\u8bbe\u8ba1\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u66f4\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\u548c\u9650\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bf9\u6307\u5bfc\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u63a2\u7d22\u6709\u7740\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u65b0\u6750\u6599\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08\u5355\u5143\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784 [56]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
     <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u6765\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u6d3b\u8dc3\u548c\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a8\u52a8\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u533a\u5e94\u8be5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5229\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u548c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u57fa\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u731c\u60f3\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u601d\u60f3<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u4ea4\u6d41\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5728\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u524d\u9762\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4ecd\u7136\u8270\u96be\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5171\u540c\u91c7\u53d6\u8bb8\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4f7f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u793e\u533a\u56e2\u7ed3\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u534f\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63a8\u52a8\u9886\u57df\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u672c\u6587\u671d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u51fa\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5b83\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u52a8\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u4eba\u5458\u52a0\u5165\u8fd9\u4e00\u96c6\u4f53\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u8fce\u63a5\u901a\u8fc7\u9650\u5236\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fd9\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u3001\u957f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u594b\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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