{"id":35250,"date":"2022-06-17T21:45:24","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T13:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35250"},"modified":"2022-06-17T21:45:24","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T13:45:24","slug":"%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%e8%a1%8c%e4%b8%ba%ef%bc%9a78%e4%ba%bf%e4%ba%ba%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%b1%e6%9c%ba%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35250","title":{"rendered":"\u5168\u7403\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1a78\u4ebf\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5371\u673a\u7ba1\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Joseph B. Bak-Coleman et al.<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Stewardship of global collective behavior<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u53cd\u9988\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6210\u4e3a\u201c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u201d\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u3001\u7535\u7f51\u3001\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u754c<\/span><\/strong>[8, 9]\u3002\u5f53\u53d7\u5230\u5e72\u6270\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u9650\u7684\u97e7\u6027\uff0c\u7d27\u968f\u5176\u540e\u7684\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u3001\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u53d8\u5316[9, 10]\u3002\u5728\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5e7f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5e72\u6270<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u6b65\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5f00\u91c7\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u6280\u672f\u548c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u4e0a[11-13]\uff0c\u5bf9\u6700\u8fd1\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u540e\u679c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5219\u8981\u5dee\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u58f0\u548c\u624b\u52bf\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u72e9\u730e\u91c7\u96c6\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u800c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u4ece\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5230\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7531\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7b49\u6570\u5b57\u6280\u672f\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u5206\u6563\u7f51\u7edc\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u968f\u7740\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u7d27\u5bc6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u8981\u907f\u514d\u4e2d\u671f\uff08\u5982\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\u548c\u957f\u671f\uff08\u5982\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\uff09\u7684\u707e\u96be\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u5feb\u901f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fd0\u884c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u4ecd\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684[14-17]\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u73b0\u5b58\u7684\u751f\u6001\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u798f\u7949\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7\u3001\u9009\u4e3e\u821e\u5f0a\u3001\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u66b4\u529b\u6781\u7aef\u4e3b\u4e49\u3001\u9965\u8352\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u6216\u6280\u672f\u53d8\u9769\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5168\u7403\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u6d3b\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u660e\u786e\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5728\u7ebf\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7b49\u65b0\u5174\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u6a21\u5f0f\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u65e8\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u76c8\u5229\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u51b3\u7b56\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5267\u70c8\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u900f\u660e\u7684\u3001\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53d7\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u89c4\u6a21\u5e9e\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u9020\u6210\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u540e\u679c\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u56de\u7b54\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u5176\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a8\u8350\u597d\u53cb\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u663e\u793a\u65b0\u95fb\u6761\u76ee\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd8\u662f\u963b\u788d\u7f51\u4e0a\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u7531\u7406\u8bba\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u6587\u732e\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u6cd5\u963b\u6b62\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u8fd9\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u9632\u75ab\u63aa\u65bd\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u5982\u53e3\u7f69\u548c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b[18]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u673a\u6784\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u52a0\u500d\u547c\u5401\u6539\u9769\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4ece\u589e\u52a0\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u548c\u7528\u6237\u63a7\u5236\u5230\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8d23\u4efb\u548c\u516c\u5171\u6240\u6709\u6743\u3002\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e4\u8001\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u7ef4\u6301\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u7ea0\u6b63\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u9700\u8981\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u6307\u5bfc\u6765\u4fc3\u8fdb\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u798f\u7949<\/strong>[2, 19]\uff1f\u4ece\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u53d7\u5e72\u6270\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5faa\u8bc1\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5e94\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u6216\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u798f\u7949\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1. \u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4ecb\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0e\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u79d1\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u76d1\u7ba1\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u884c\u4e1a\u5728\u8ffd\u9010\u5229\u6da6\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u751f\u6001\u548c\u5730\u7403\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u548c\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7d27\u6025\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5f81\u4f7f\u5f97 Michael Soul\u00e9 \u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u5371\u673a\u5b66\u79d1\u201d<\/span>\uff08crisis discipline\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb[20]\u3002\u5371\u673a\u5b66\u79d1\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u7d27\u6025\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6574\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u9000\u5316\u2014\u2014\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u5e94\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5371\u673a\u5b66\u79d1\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8de8\u8d8a\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u7406\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u65b0\u5174\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u4f17\u591a\u5b66\u79d1\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u524d\u6240\u672a\u6709\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u4ee5\u6570\u5b57\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\uff0c\u66fe\u7ecf\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u62bd\u8c61\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206[21-23]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e3a\u6d4b\u91cf\u548c\u5e72\u9884\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u673a\u9047\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5185\u90e8\u6216\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u5b66\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u548c\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u5408\u4f5c\u662f\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u8fdb\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u50cf\u81ea\u7136\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u6539\u53d8\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u72b6\u6001[14, 24, 25]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5982\u4f55\u91cd\u6784\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u91cd\u7ec4\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8026\u5408\u5230\u6280\u672f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u501f\u9274\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4f55\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3001\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1. \u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5b66\u8005\u4eec\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u8bd5\u56fe\u7406\u89e3\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b8c\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u673a\u5236[1, 2, 26]\u3002\u4ece\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df[27-35]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b66\u79d1\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u89c4\u6a21\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u7814\u7a76\u5f53\u4ee3\u667a\u4eba\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u800c\u6709\u6240\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6280\u672f\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u751f\u6001[36]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4ea7\u54c1\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u5168\u7403\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u798f\u7949\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u8861\u91cf\u5168\u7403\u6311\u6218\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u91c7\u7528\u5ec9\u4ef7\u53ef\u6269\u5c55\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u52a0\u5feb\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9884\u6d4b\u4eca\u5929\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u660e\u5929\u7684\u5168\u7403\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00[37]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u79bb\u6563\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u4ecd\u7136\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b[38]\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5173\u952e\u969c\u788d\u662f\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e92\u52a8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u53cd\u9988\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f88\u96be<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8bdd\uff09<\/span>\u4ec5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e89\u8bba\u6765\u63a8\u7406\u8de8\u5c3a\u5ea6\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>[25]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u4ee5\u524d\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6d8c\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7279\u6027\u8ba920\u4e16\u7eaa\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u611f\u5230\u6cae\u4e27\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u50cf\u9e1f\u7fa4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u5fc5\u987b\u5229\u7528\u5fc3\u7075\u611f\u5e94\u6765\u540c\u6b65\u5b83\u4eec\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u884c\u4e3a[1]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f02\u60f3\u5929\u5f00\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u6d4b\u91cf\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b8c\u5584\u7684\u611f\u5b98\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5[26, 39, 40]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6587\u732e\u4f53\u7cfb\u5df2\u7ecf\u7f16\u76ee\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u652f\u914d\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219[41, 42]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u975e\u51e1\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u529b\u91cf\u8d4b\u4e88\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684[43, 44]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u96c6\u4f53\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u590d\u6742\u9002\u5e94\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5e94\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u53e3\u589e\u957f\u3001\u6280\u672f\u548c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u751f\u4ea7\u529b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u4e86[11, 13, 14]\u3002\u5730\u7403\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6b64\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u662f\u5c06\u5b66\u79d1\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5f00\u53d1\u4e00\u79cd\u5e94\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4e3a\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u5982\u4f55\u53d7\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8111\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u533b\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5c06\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u533b\u5b66\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b66\u548c\u519c\u4e1a\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u5e94\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[45]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5e72\u6270\u7684\u957f\u671f\u540e\u679c\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd[16, 46, 47]\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bf4\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fd8\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u9884\u89c1\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u798f\u7949\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u6700\u8fd1\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u56db\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u501f\u9274\u5404\u79cd\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u51e0\u4e4e\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3002\u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5faa\u8bc1\u5e72\u9884\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u8fdb\u4eba\u7c7b\u798f\u7949\u6216\u751f\u6001\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1.1 \u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6269\u5927<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7956\u5148\u548c\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c31\u662f\u89c4\u6a21\u3002\u6211\u4eec78\u4ebf\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u7403\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u5176\u4e2d36\u4ebf\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff09\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u7269\u79cd\u4e2d\u662f\u72ec\u7279\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u5730\u7406\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u519c\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u573a\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u9a6f\u5316\u4e86\u519c\u4f5c\u7269\u548c\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4e3a\u57ce\u5e02\u5316\u94fa\u5e73\u4e86\u9053\u8def[48-50]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u793e\u4f1a\u6700\u8fd1\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u5929\u751f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u65b9\u9762\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u7684\u9057\u8ff9\u3002\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u5316\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a[36, 51]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u901f\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u3001\u7535\u89c6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u521b\u65b0\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d[53]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u90fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u96c6\u4f53\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5c06\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6269\u5927\u516b\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u540e\u679c<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e0d\u4ec5\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u662f\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff1b\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u662f\u751f\u6001\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684[54]\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5927\u578b\u56e2\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9762\u4e34\u8bb8\u591a\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8d44\u6e90\u7a00\u7f3a\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u7531\u9000\u5316\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6216\u4eba\u53e3\u8fc7\u5269\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7fa4\u4f53\u95f4\u6216\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6218\u4e89[55-57]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5171\u4eab\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96be\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185[47]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u89c2\u70b9\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u503e\u5411[58, 59]\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u7b49\u662f\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5728\u5927\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u505a\u51fa\u660e\u667a\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u56f0\u96be[60, 61]\u3002\u9f13\u52b1\u5408\u4f5c\u6216\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u89c4\u6a21\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6c42\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u7b49\u673a\u6784\u968f\u7740\u7fa4\u4f53\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4fdd\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027[36, 62-64]\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u7684\u5f02\u8d28\u91c7\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4ea7\u751f\u51b2\u7a81\u5e76\u4fb5\u8680\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4[29, 65]\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u505a\u51fa\u51c6\u786e\u51b3\u7b56\u3001\u83b7\u5f97\u660e\u663e\u591a\u6570\u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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1.2 \u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u9891\u7e41\u5730\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u76f8\u8ddd\u9065\u8fdc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u8de8\u8d8a\u5f88\u5927\u7f51\u7edc\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u7ebd\u5e26<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5373\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\uff0clong ties\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u5bf9\u75be\u75c5\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong>\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u4f20\u64ad[71, 72]\u3002\u7531\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\u5728\u7ebf\u8054\u7cfb\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ebf\u7ea6\u4f1a\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5728\u6027\u63a5\u89e6\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0a\u6dfb\u52a0\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6545\u610f\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u8054\u7cfb\u964c\u751f\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u5168\u793e\u4f1a\u75be\u75c5\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe2. \u5168\u7403\u4ea4\u901a\u7f51\u7edc | \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.bdginternational.com\/home-2\/anthropogenic_planet\/<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6539\u53d8\u7ecf\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u8d85\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u4f20\u67d3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b[73]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u4f46\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u6574\u5408\u548c\u8c03\u6574\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f53\u9a8c\u60c5\u7eea\u53d8\u5316[74, 75]\u3002\u5728\u5404\u5b66\u79d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u4f20\u67d3<\/span>\uff08\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4ece\u4f17<\/span>\uff08\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u8fdb\u5316\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u591a\u6570\u89c4\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u6ee1\u8db3<\/span>\uff08\u4ea4\u6d41\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u9891\u7387\u4f9d\u8d56\u5b66\u4e60<\/span>\uff08\u52a8\u7269\u884c\u4e3a\uff09<\/span>[28, 76-82]\u3002\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u4f9d\u8d56\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u805a\u96c6\u6216\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u4f20\u64ad\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u5f53\u7fa4\u4f53\u91c7\u7528\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u5316\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u667a\u4eba\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u6570\u91cf\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u5c11\u5f97\u591a[62, 69]\u3002\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u5728\u8138\u4e66\u3001Instagram\u548cTwitter\u7b49\u5e73\u53f0\u4e0a\u4e0e\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u8054\u7cfb\u548c\u5206\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u7535\u89c6\u3001\u62a5\u7eb8\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u7b49\u66f4\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u4f7f\u4f5c\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\u521b\u4f5c\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6bd4\u51e0\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5730\u4f4d\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4e0e\u6210\u4e3a\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u6709\u5173[83-86]\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7d2f\u79ef\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5524\u8d77\u60c5\u7eea\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf[70, 87]\u3002\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\u5229\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u4f20\u64ad\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6c14\u5019\u53cd\u5bf9\u8005\u5728\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u5f97\u66f4\u591a[88]\u3002\u5728\u51b3\u7b56\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u7834\u574f\u96c6\u7fa4\u667a\u6167\u6216\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5371\u9669\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u79cd\u75ab\u82d7[89, 90]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e9e\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u89c4\u6a21\u4e0e\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u53d1\u5c55\u5386\u53f2\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5982\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u8054\u7cfb\u3001\u957f\u8fde\u8fb9\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5982\u8de8\u56fd\u548c\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5408\u4f5c\u3001\u79d1\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u514b\u670d\u56e0\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u504f\u597d\u800c\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5f53\u5730\u793e\u533a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5b64\u7acb[3, 30]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7279\u5f81\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u5bb3\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u3001\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u53d7\u5230\u4fb5\u8680\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u8513\u5ef6\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u9009\u6c11\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6027\u540e\u679c\u3001\u534f\u8c03\u5e94\u5bf9\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u56f0\u96be\u3001\u7531\u6f5c\u5728\u4e1c\u9053\u56fd\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9760\u4fe1\u606f\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7b49[70, 91, 92]\u3002\u65b0\u578b\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5f71\u54cd\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027[30, 93\u201396]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u516c\u6b63\u5212\u5206\u201d\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9009\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u53cd\u5bf9\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u5229\u76ca[97]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u53ea\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u5f71\u54cd\u96c6\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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1.3 \u4fe1\u606f\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5173\u8054\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u867d\u7136\u5168\u7403\u793e\u4ea4\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u89c4\u6a21\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u6cbf\u7740\u5176\u8fde\u8fb9\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u751f\u7269\u6027\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u53d1\u58f0\u3001\u624b\u52bf\u3001\u8a00\u8bed\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5929\u751f\u5608\u6742\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5f02\u548c\u9000\u5316\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u89c2\u5bdf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7136\u8870\u51cf\u5141\u8bb8\u6765\u81ea\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0e\u53d1\u8d77\u8005\u76f8\u8ddd\u5927\u7ea6\u4e09\u5230\u56db\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u9694[98, 99]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u867d\u7136\u566a\u58f0\u3001\u5ef6\u8fdf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8870\u51cf\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u6325\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u566a\u58f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7834\u574f\u7f51\u7edc\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5408\u4f5c[100]\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5173\u8054\u6027[101]\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u968f\u673a\u5171\u632f\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u6765\u6539\u5584\u5fae\u5f31\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b<\/strong>[102]\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u9c7c\u7fa4\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u566a\u97f3\u548c\u8150\u70c2\u5bf9\u9632\u6b62\u5047\u8b66\u62a5\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u5f88\u91cd\u8981[39]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6df9\u6ca1\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u592a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u51b3\u7b56[103, 104]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9ad8\u4fdd\u771f\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u5141\u8bb8\u63a8\u7279\u548c\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u64ad\u8d85\u51fa\u566a\u97f3\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u5f62\u5f0f\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u4e09\u5ea6\u6216\u56db\u5ea6\u5206\u9694[83]\u3002\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u590d\u5236\u54c1\u73b0\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f20\u64ad\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5e7f\u5927\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u8870\u51cf\u6216\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6838\u67e5\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u589e\u52a0\u566a\u58f0\u5e72\u6270\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u51cf\u5c11\u7f51\u4e0a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u968f\u7740\u4fe1\u606f\u9020\u5047\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u964d\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u673a\u6784\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4ece\u5f7b\u5934\u5f7b\u5c3e\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u5229\u76ca<\/span><\/strong>[109]\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5176\u6b63\u5e38\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bbf\u95ee\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u865a\u6784\u4e2d\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e[107, 111, 112]\u3002\u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5426\u8ba4\u3001\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u79cd\u7684\u62d2\u7edd\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u5f85\u9047\u548c\u548c\u5bf9\u8f6c\u57fa\u56e0\u98df\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u6beb\u65e0\u6839\u636e\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u5668\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u865a\u5047\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u798f\u7949\u6784\u6210\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5a92\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u8d27\u5e01\u5316\u7684\u7c92\u5ea6\u3002\u968f\u7740\u641c\u7d22\u5f15\u64ce\u3001\u805a\u5408\u7f51\u7ad9\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u521b\u65b0\u4ea7\u54c1\u5728\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u5206\u8fa8\u7387\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4e2a\u4eba\u4fe1\u606f\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u7ade\u4e89\u573a\u6240\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8ba2\u9605\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u5728\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u672a\u7ecf\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u771f\u76f8\u4e0d\u518d\u8db3\u4ee5\u5728\u5438\u5f15\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\u83b7\u80dc[113]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ade\u4e89\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e\u70b9\u51fb\u7684\u5e7f\u544a\u5141\u8bb8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5fae\u5355\u5143\u76f4\u63a5\u548c\u5355\u72ec\u5730\u8d27\u5e01\u5316\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7eaf\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u65b0\u5e02\u573a\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55[114]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u4e5f\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u8d28\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u901f\u7387\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u4fdd\u771f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f1a\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u6539\u53d8\u6700\u521d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u50a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7c7b\u578b[115]\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u548c\u5171\u4eab\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u6574\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6743\u529b\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u53e3\u8ff0\u5386\u53f2\u5230\u4e66\u9762\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f7f\u5f97\u4fdd\u5b58\u5148\u8fdb\u5546\u4e1a\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bb0\u5f55\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff1a\u503a\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u63d0\u53d6\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5370\u5237\u673a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u53d8\u5f97\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba9\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u4e66\u53d8\u5f97\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u3002\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u957f\u5c3e\u5df4\uff0c\u8ba9\u4e00\u5c0f\u7fa4\u7231\u597d\u8005\u627e\u5230\u5f7c\u6b64\uff0c\u5e76\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6fc0\u60c5\u3002\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u5c06\u8fc7\u6ee4\u548c\u7b5b\u9009\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ece\u4e13\u4e1a\u7f16\u8f91\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u4e0e\u670b\u53cb\u5206\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ed6\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48[116]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6280\u672f\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u7591\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u540e\u679c\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7126\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1.4 \u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u53cd\u9988<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5ec9\u4ef7\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8ba1\u7b97\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4ece\u9884\u6d4b\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u5728\u6f5c\u5728\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5230\u7ba1\u7406\u4ea4\u901a\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u7b56[117]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u63a8\u8350\u7b26\u5408\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u548c\u4ea7\u54c1\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u5931\u63a7\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u504f\u597d\u548c\u968f\u540e\u5bf9\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u63a5\u89e6\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6781\u7aef[119, 126]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u53d8\u9769\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u6539\u53d8\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u504f\u597d\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6fc0\u8fdb\u5316[127, 128]\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u504f\u597d\u63a8\u8350\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a[129]\u3002\u521d\u59cb\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u6ce2\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u5bcc\u4eba\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5bcc\u201d\u7684\u9a6c\u592a\u6548\u5e94[130]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6700\u597d\u7684\u548c\u6700\u5dee\u7684\u6b4c\u66f2\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u6b4c\u66f2\u7684\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u7684\u968f\u673a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u63a5\u6536\u66f4\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5728\u8d28\u91cf\u76f8\u5173[87]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe3.  \u5168\u7403200\u591a\u4e2a\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u63ed\u7a7f COVID-19 \u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002| \u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5173\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\uff08https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/infodemic#tab=tab_3\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u7eed\u8981\u9762\u5bf9\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u7b97\u6cd5\u548c\u516c\u53f8\u5df2\u7ecf\u56e0\u4e3a\u9010\u5229\u539f\u56e0\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5168\u7403\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6027\u3001\u5371\u673a\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u7ebf\u56fe\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6838\u5fc3\u6311\u6218\u3001\u9700\u8981\u7d27\u6025\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u63aa\u65bd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u8fc7\u53bb\u548c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c4\u6a21\u4ea7\u751f\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5c06\u8d85\u8d8a\u5b66\u79d1\u754c\u9650\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u91c7\u7528\u6280\u672f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5a01\u80c1\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u798f\u7949\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u51cf\u8f7b\u6211\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u548c\u5b50\u5b59\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u4ee5\u5371\u673a\u4e3a\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u4fdd\u62a4\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u57df\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f25\u5408\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6709\u7406\u7531\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f97\u5230\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f00\u6e90\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3001\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u4f17\u5305\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u5236\u4f5c[165, 166]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u5728\u7ebf\u534f\u4f5c\u662f\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8861\u91cf\u548c\u5b9a\u4e49\u6210\u529f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u6c9f\u901a\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7ebf\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u5f80\u5f80\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u6210\u529f\u65f6\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u620f\u5267\u6027\u7684[137]\u3002\u91cf\u5316\u5728\u7ebf\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u597d\u5904\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u597d\u5904\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u63ed\u793a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6216\u7834\u574f\u901a\u4fe1\u6280\u672f\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u540e\u679c\u548c\u6f5c\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u8bba\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ba1\u7406\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4f26\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0e\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5c06\u9700\u8981\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u6295\u5165[147]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e0d\u5e72\u6d89\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u76d1\u7ba1\u8005\u7684\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5c06\u628a\u6211\u4eec\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u76c8\u5229\u6027\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u4ee3\u548c\u540e\u4ee3\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u7ba1\u7406\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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