{"id":35270,"date":"2022-06-18T21:47:49","date_gmt":"2022-06-18T13:47:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35270"},"modified":"2022-06-18T21:47:49","modified_gmt":"2022-06-18T13:47:49","slug":"%e5%9c%9f%e7%94%9f%e5%9c%9f%e9%95%bf%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e4%b8%ba%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e8%8d%a3%e8%8e%b7%e7%ac%ac%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e8%af%ba%e8%b4%9d%e5%b0%94%e5%a5%96%e4%b8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35270","title":{"rendered":"\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u8363\u83b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u4e28\u9648\u5173\u8363"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u89c9\u609f\u5230\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u800c\u6d3b\u5728\u4e16\u4e0a\u624d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2014\u2014\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\u9648\u5173\u8363 | \u4f5c\u8005<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea | \u7f16\u8f91<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u81ea1901\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u9881\u53d1\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u83b7\u5956\u5171\u8ba129\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u595612\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u59568\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u59565\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u59563\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u59561\uff0c\u5185\u67094\u4eba\u5728\u83b7\u5956\u65f6\u5c5e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u7c4d\uff0c\u5176\u4f59\u5219\u5168\u662f\u672c\u571f\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u65e5\u672c\u81ea\u4ece1949\u5e74\u83b7\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bfa\u5956\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u540e\u7ee7\u5f97\u5956\u8005\u53ef\u8c13\u96f6\u661f\u843d\u7d22\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\uff0c2001\u5e743\u6708\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u51fa\u53f0\u4e86\u201c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u57fa\u672c\u8ba1\u5212\u201d\uff0c\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u5730\u8868\u793a\u8981\u572850\u5e74\u5185\u8d62\u5f9730\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5947\u8ff9\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u5e73\u5747\u6bcf\u5e74\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f97\u5956\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5171\u8ba119\u4eba\uff0c\u572821\u4e16\u7eaa\u5404\u56fd\u83b7\u5956\u603b\u4eba\u6570\u4e2d\u6392\u884c\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u4ec5\u6b21\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd919\u4e2a\u8bfa\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5185\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u5b8c\u6210\u4ece\u5e7c\u513f\u5230\u5927\u5b66\u672c\u79d1\u7684\u7cfb\u5217\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e00<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u7684\u662f\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811<\/span>\uff08Hideki Yukawa\uff0c1907\u5e741\u670823\u65e5-1981\u5e749\u67088\u65e5\uff09<\/span>\u30021949\u5e74\uff0c\u65f6\u5e7443\u5c81\u7684\u4ed6\u8363\u83b7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u8bfa\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u6709\u5370\u5ea6\u8bd7\u4eba\u4f5c\u5bb6\u6cf0\u6208\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Rabindranath Tagore\uff0c1861-1941\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e1913\u5e74\u83b7\u6587\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u62c9\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Chandrasekhara V. Raman\uff0c1888-1970\uff09<\/span>\u4e8e1930\u5e74\u83b7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u662f\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4ecb\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe1  \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\uff1a\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u83b7\u5f97\u8005<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u6210\u529f\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u6781\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u3001\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u548c\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce<\/span>\uff08Nagaoka Hantaro\uff0c1865-1950\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u660e\u6cbb\u3001\u5927\u6b63\u548c\u662d\u548c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u8457\u540d\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1893\u5e74\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u83b7\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u5230\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u5965\u5730\u5229\uff0c\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u3001\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u548c\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u7b49\u5730\u8bbf\u5b66\uff0c\u5e08\u4ece\u8def\u5fb7\u7ef4\u5e0c\u00b7\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc<\/span>\uff08Ludwig E. Boltzmann\uff0c1844-1906\uff09<\/span>\u30021896\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u6559\u6388\u30021903\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u6838\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u5b50\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u800c\u91cd\u7684\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u7684\u6838\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u73af\u9762\u4e0a\u7ed5\u6838\u65cb\u8f6c\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c1911\u5e74\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5362\u745f\u798f<\/span>\uff08Ernest Rutherford\uff0c1871-1937\uff09<\/span>\u548c1915\u5e74\u5c3c\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u73bb\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Niels Bohr\uff0c1885-1962\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u7ee7\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u66f4\u52a0\u5408\u7406\u7684\u201c\u5362\u745f\u798f\u2014\u73bb\u5c14\u201d\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u5e76\u7531\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u52a0\u4ee5\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u516c\u8ba4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf<\/span>\uff08Jun Ishihara\uff0c1881-1947\uff09<\/span>1911\u5e74\u7559\u5b66\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u5728\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u548c\u963f\u8bfa\u5fb7\u00b7\u7d22\u672b\u83f2<\/span>\uff08Arnold J. W. Sommerfeld\uff0c1868-1951\uff09<\/span>\u8054\u5408\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u548c1914\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u51af\u00b7\u52b3\u5384<\/span>\uff08Max von Laue\uff0c1879-1960\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u6709\u6765\u5f80\u3002\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u4e8e1915\u5e74\u56de\u5230\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u628a\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u4e9a\u6d32\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u5e76\u83b7\u7406\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u957f\u671f\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u521d\u671f\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fc7\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u5199\u8fc7\u591a\u672c\u5173\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u548c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\uff0c\u8ba9\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u53d7\u76ca\u532a\u6d45\u3002\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u7684\u597d\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\u66fe\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u9887\u6709\u540d\u6c14\u7684\u8bd7\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4<\/span>\uff08Nishina Yoshio\uff0c1890-1951\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7ee7\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u548c\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u4e4b\u540e\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u8f83\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u4e8e1918\u5e74\u6bd5\u4e1a\u4e8e\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u5de5\u5b66\u90e8\u7535\u6c14\u5de5\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u540e\u52a0\u5165\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u5e08\u4ece\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u3002\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u4e8e1921\u5e74\u8d74\u6b27\u6d32\u7559\u5b66\u8fbe\u516b\u5e74\u4e4b\u4e45\uff0c\u5148\u540e\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u6c49\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e39\u9ea6\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u8bbf\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7ef4\u5c14\u7eb3\u00b7\u6d77\u68ee\u5821<\/span>\uff08Werner Heisenberg\uff0c1901-1976\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u72c4\u62c9\u514b<\/span>\uff08Paul A. M. Dirac\uff0c1902-1984\uff09<\/span>\u4e5f\u5728\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\u4ece\u4e8b\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5c31\u662f1928\u5e74\u4e0e\u745e\u5178\u7684\u5965\u65af\u5361\u00b7\u514b\u83b1\u56e0<\/span>\uff08Oskar B. Klein\uff0c1894-1977\uff09<\/span>\u5171\u540c\u5bfc\u51fa\u5173\u4e8eX\u5c04\u7ebf\u5eb7\u666e\u987f\u6563\u5c04<\/span>\uff08Compton effect\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u201c\u514b\u83b1\u56e0\uff0d\u4ec1\u79d1\u516c\u5f0f\u201d\u3002\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u57281929\u5e74\u56de\u5230\u4e1c\u4eac\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u4e8e1931\u5e74\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u4ec1\u79d1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u201d\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6838\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u53d7\u5e76\u652f\u6301\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe2  \u65e5\u672c\u65e9\u671f\u8457\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff1a\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u3001\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u548c\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e8c<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u68111907\u5e741\u670823\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u4e8e\u4eac\u90fd\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u751f\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u5927\u962a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u90fd\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\u5ea6\u8fc7\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u539f\u540d\u5c0f\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\uff0c25\u5c81\u7ed3\u5a5a\u540e\u968f\u59bb\u5b50\u5bb6\u6539\u59d3\u6c64\u5ddd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7236\u4eb2\u5c0f\u5ddd\u7422\u6cbb\u662f\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u4e13\u5bb6\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u4eac\u90fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u5b66\u90e8\u90e8\u957f\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u5174\u8da3\u5e7f\u6cdb\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u5251\u672f\u3001\u68cb\u827a\u548c\u5404\u7c7b\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u201c\u6d6a\u8d39\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u4e03\u4eba\u5728\u4f18\u88d5\u800c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u957f\u5927\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5a31\u4e50\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u8bfb\u4e66\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u56e0\u4e4b\u517b\u6210\u4e86\u6c89\u9ed8\u5be1\u8a00\u7684\u6027\u683c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5f97\u4e86\u4e2a\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u613f\u8bf4\u201d\u7684\u7ef0\u53f7\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u5c0f\u5ddd\u5c0f\u96ea\u662f\u5f53\u65f6\u5c11\u6570\u5b66\u8fc7\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5973\u5b50\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8bf4\u4ed6\u7684\u6bcd\u4eb2\u201c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u601d\u7ef4\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u7684\u5934\u8111\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b69\u5b50\u4eec\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u662f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u65b0\u5f0f\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c11\u65f6\u7684\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5bf9\u6587\u5b66\u5341\u5206\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u9605\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u5fb7\u56fd\u7684\u53e4\u5178\u5c0f\u8bf4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c60\u683c\u6d85\u592b\u548c\u6258\u5c14\u65af\u6cf0\u7684\u65e5\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4f5c\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u4e94\u5c81\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u8ddf\u968f\u7956\u7236\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u56fd\u300a\u56db\u4e66\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u300a\u5927\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u662f\u300a\u8bba\u8bed\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5b5f\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u53c8\u8bfb\u300a\u5341\u516b\u53f2\u7565\u300b\u3001\u300a\u53f2\u8bb0\u300b\u3001\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u00b7\u5de6\u4f20\u300b\u3002\u4ed6\u751a\u81f3\u8bfb\u8fc7\u300a\u4e09\u56fd\u6f14\u4e49\u300b\u548c\u300a\u7ea2\u697c\u68a6\u300b\uff0c\u8fd8\u7279\u522b\u559c\u6b22\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u540e\u6765\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u300a\u65c5\u4eba\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u300b\u91cc\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5bb6\u91cc\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u4e66\u7c4d\u6293\u4f4f\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u5fc3\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7ed9\u4e86\u6211\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u8bfb\u5230\u300a\u4e2d\u5eb8\u300b\uff0c\u592a\u54f2\u5b66\u5316\u4e86\u3002\u300a\u8001\u5b50\u300b\u548c\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u300b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e66\u52a0\u6df1\u4e86\u6211\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u538c\u4e16\u89c2\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6216\u8bb8\u8ddf\u4ed6\u90a3\u65f6\u7684\u201c\u6211\u4e0d\u613f\u8bf4\u201d\u6027\u683c\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5728\u81ea\u4f20\u300a\u65c5\u4eba\u300b\u4e2d\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5c11\u5e74\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u89c9\u5230\u201c\u6587\u5b66\u7684\u7f8e\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u63ed\u793a\u7684\u7f8e\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e76\u975e\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u8fdc\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4eca\u5929\u4ecd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u613f\u671b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4f59\u6687\u7684\u8bdd\u6211\u4f1a\u53bb\u5199\u4f5c\u4e00\u7bc7\u7ae5\u8bdd\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe3 \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u81ea\u4f20\u300a\u65c5\u4eba\u300b\uff081958\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
1922\u5e74\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u7531\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u5168\u7a0b\u966a\u540c\u5e76\u4f5c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u6f14\u8bb2\u8ba9\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5f00\u59cb\u5bf9\u79d1\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1926\u5e74\uff0c19\u5c81\u7684\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8003\u5165\u4e86\u4eac\u90fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u3002\u521a\u8fdb\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u542c\u4e86\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e0e\u672a\u6765\u201d\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\uff0c\u5927\u53d7\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u201c\u6211\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u5165\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u884c\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u5b66\u672f\u9886\u57df\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u800c\u4e3a\u4eba\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u66f4\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u4ed6\u8981\u53d1\u594b\u56fe\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1929\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u4ece\u4eac\u90fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u7559\u6821\u5f53\u65e0\u85aa\u52a9\u6559\u5e76\u81ea\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1932\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5230\u5927\u962a\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u8bb2\u5e08\u81f31939\u5e74\u3002\u671f\u95f4\uff0c1938\u5e74\u4ed6\u5728\u8be5\u6821\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6298\u56de\u4eac\u90fd\u5e1d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u804c\u6559\u6388\u81f3\u9000\u4f11\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ca1\u6709\u5230\u8fc7\u6b27\u7f8e\u7559\u5b66\u800c\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe4 \u65e5\u672c\u571f\u751f\u571f\u957f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u63a5\u53d7\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u4ece\u4f20\u7edf\u5411\u73b0\u4ee3\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u666e\u6717\u514b<\/span>\uff08Max K. E. L. Planck\uff0c1858-1947\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u63ed\u5f00\u4e86\u8fd9\u573a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u5e8f\u5e55\uff0c\u800c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u201c\u5362\u745f\u798f\u2014\u73bb\u5c14\u201d\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u6253\u5f00\u4e86\u5fae\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u53d1\u7aef\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u90fd\u6df1\u6df1\u5730\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1929\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u4ece\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u4ed6\u53ea\u670922\u5c81\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e74\u7eaa\u4e0d\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u9887\u4e3a\u7126\u8651\u3002\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u56de\u5fc6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4f5c\u8fc7\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u6765\u5c81\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ec5\u6bd4\u6211\u5e74\u957f\u4e94\u3001\u516d\u5c81\u3002\u56db\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u3001\u6ce1\u5229\u548c\u8d39\u7c73\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u57281900\u5e74\u81f31902\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u572823\u621624\u5c81\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u30021929\u5e74\u79cb\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u548c\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u672c\uff0c\u6211\u542c\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\uff0c\u5bf9\u6211\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6781\u5927\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u56db\u4f4d\u6770\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u57281932\u5e74\u56e0\u521b\u7acb\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u53d1\u73b0\u6c22\u540c\u7d20\u5f02\u5f62\u4f53\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff1b\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u57281933\u5e74\u56e0\u5efa\u7acb\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u7a0b\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff1b\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5188\u00b7\u6ce1\u5229<\/span>\uff08Wolfgang Ernst Pauli\uff0c1900-1958\uff09<\/span>\u57281945\u5e74\u56e0\u63d0\u51fa\u5fae\u89c2\u7c92\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff1b\u6069\u91cc\u79d1\u00b7\u8d39\u7c73<\/span>\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff0c1901-1954\uff09<\/span>\u57281938\u5e74\u56e0\u521b\u5efa\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1932\u5e74\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u67e5\u5fb7\u5a01\u514b<\/span>\uff08James Chadwick\uff0c1891-1974\uff09<\/span>\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e2d\u5b50\u56e0\u800c\u57281935\u5e74\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u539f\u6765\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d88\u606f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df2\u5728\u5927\u962a\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u5de8\u5927\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u957f\u5188\u534a\u592a\u90ce\u3001\u77f3\u539f\u7eaf\u548c\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u90a3\u65f6\u4ed6\u5f88\u6709\u4fe1\u5fc3\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u88ab\u63ed\u5f00\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53\u5e74\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u754c\u666e\u904d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u503e\u5411\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u5f15\u8fdb\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u8ba4\u4e3a\u90a3\u662f\u5916\u884c\u4eba\u7684\u80e1\u95f9\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u8083\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u30021929\u5e74\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u7a7a\u7a74\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u65f6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\u90a3\u662f\u4e2a\u5e26\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u7535\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u6562\u660e\u8bf4\u3002\u6ce1\u5229\u5f88\u65e9\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u6587\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u7ed9\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8c08\u53ca\uff0c\u76f4\u52301933\u5e74\u624d\u516c\u5f00\u63d0\u51fa\u201c\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u5047\u8bbe\u201d\u3002\u8d39\u7c73\u5f88\u6b23\u8d4f\u6ce1\u5229\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5e76\u628a\u5b83\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u628a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6295\u7ed9\u4e86\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\uff0c\u5374\u63a5\u5230\u7f16\u8f91\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u62d2\u7a3f\uff0c\u8bf4\u201c\u6b64\u63a8\u6d4b\u504f\u79bb\u7269\u7406\u73b0\u5b9e\u592a\u8fdc\u201d\u3002\u8d39\u7c73\u53ea\u597d\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u520a\u7269\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d39\u7c73\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7ecf\u53d7\u4f4f\u4e86\u8003\u9a8c\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u57281938\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1933\u5e74 \uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u628a\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7684\u201c\u8bba\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u4e00\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u65e5\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u7eb2\u5199\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u6027\u7684\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u8bb0\u4e8b\u300b\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u5b66\u672f\u6742\u5fd7\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7684\u6838\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u7535\u5b50\u4ea4\u6362\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u6838\u529b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7ed3\u679c\u30021934\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5f97\u77e5\u8d39\u7c73\u7684\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u540e\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u6838\u529b\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u65e0\u529f\u800c\u8fd8\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5f88\u6709\u611f\u6168\uff0c\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u4e9b\u63a2\u7d22\u672a\u77e5\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5730\u56fe\u7684\u8dcb\u6d89\u8005\u3002\u5730\u56fe\u662f\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e8b\u540e\u627e\u51fa\u6377\u5f84\u5e76\u975e\u96be\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u56f0\u96be\u5728\u4e8e\u4e00\u8fb9\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u8def\u4e00\u8fb9\u5bfb\u627e\u76ee\u7684\u5730\uff1b\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u51fa\u53d1\u65f6\u5c31\u8d70\u9519\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe5  \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u4e66\u7c4d\u300a\u5411\u521b\u9020\u98de\u8dc3\u300b<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
1934\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5e72\u8106\u8f9e\u53bb\u4e86\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u5e08\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u5168\u5fc3\u5168\u610f\u5730\u6295\u5165\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5230\u4e8610\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u5b50\u548c\u8d28\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u7535\u4ea4\u6362\u7684\u201cU\u7c92\u5b50\u201d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u529b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dU\u8868\u793a\u672a\u77e5<\/span>\uff08Unknown\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6838\u529b\u7ef4\u6301\u7740\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u8bdd\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u5c06\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u7535\u78c1\u6392\u65a5\u529b\u800c\u5206\u79bb\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u968f\u5373\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u4e0e\u6570\u5b66\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u9884\u8a00\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u8fd8\u731c\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4ecb\u4e4e\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u8d28\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u62a5\u544a\u4e4b\u540e\u7acb\u5373\u53d7\u5230\u4e86\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\u548c\u8d5e\u8d4f\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c92\u5b50\u79f0\u4e3amesotron\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u540e\u6765\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u7ea0\u6b63\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u8bf4\u5e0c\u814a\u5b57\u201c\u4e2d\u95f4\u201d\u662fmesos\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709tr\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5927\u5bb6\u540c\u610f\u5b9a\u540d\u4e3ameson<\/span>\uff08\u4ecb\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1934\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5411\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\u6742\u5fd7\u6295\u9012\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u4ecb\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7b80\u62a5\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u62d2\u7a3f\u3002\u7fcc\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u65e5\u672c\u6570\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\u300b\u4e0a\u6b63\u5f0f\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u9898\u4e3a\u201c\u8bba\u57fa\u672c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u201d\u7684\u8bba\u6587<\/span>\uff08On the interaction of elementary particles, Proceedings of the Physico-Mathematical Society of Japan, vol. 17, pp. 48-57\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u6838\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u4ecb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8bf4\u5f53\u5e74\u4ed6\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7740\u6025\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u59bb\u5b50\u6c64\u5ddd\u540d\u5b50<\/span>\uff08Sumiko\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u65ad\u50ac\u4fc3\u4ed6\uff1a\u201c\u8bf7\u5feb\u70b9\u5199\u51fa\u82f1\u6587\u8bba\u6587\u6765\uff0c\u516c\u5e03\u4e8e\u4e16\u5427\uff01\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6587\u7ae0\u53d1\u8868\u540e\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u505a\u8fc7\u51e0\u573a\u6709\u5173\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5168\u65e5\u672c\u51e0\u4e4e\u53ea\u6709\u4ec1\u79d1\u82b3\u96c4\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u5e76\u4e14\u76f8\u4fe1\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u628a\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4e86\u51e0\u4f4d\u6b27\u7f8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8<\/span>\uff08J. Robert Oppenheimer\uff0c1904-1967\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5747\u5982\u77f3\u6c89\u5927\u6d77\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u56de\u97f3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1936\u5e74\uff0c\u5361\u5c14\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee<\/span>\uff08Carl D. Anderson\uff0c1905-1991\uff09<\/span>\u56e0\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u5355\u4f4d\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u6216\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u8be5\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u7684206.77\u500d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u4ecb\u5b50\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u00b5\u4ecb\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5965\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8\u542c\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u540e\uff0c\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u4ed6\u91cd\u65b0\u9605\u8bfb\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u968f\u5373\u7ed9\u300a\u7269\u7406\u5468\u520a\u300b\u4e3b\u7f16\u5199\u4e86\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u65b0\u7c92\u5b50\u65e9\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u6c64\u5ddd\u7684\u2018U\u7c92\u5b50\u2019\uff0c\u5b83\u4f20\u9012\u6838\u529b\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u65e9\u5df2\u7531\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u4ea4\u6362\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e2d\u95f4\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5927\u4e8e\u8d39\u7c73\u5173\u4e8e\u2018\u7535\u5b50\uff0d\u4e2d\u5fae\u5b50\u2019\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5b83\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u6362\u529b\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u201d\u4ece\u6b64\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u754c\u4e2d\u58f0\u540d\u9e4a\u8d77\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u540e\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u611f\u6168\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65b0\u7684\u771f\u7406\u53d1\u73b0\u65f6\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\uff1b\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bdd\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u6210\u591a\u6570\u6d3e\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u53c2\u4e0e\u5f3a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8f7b\u5b50\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u6700\u540e\u628a\u201c\u00b5\u4ecb\u5b50\u201d\u6539\u540d\u4e3a\u201c\u00b5\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8ba9\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5341\u5206\u5931\u843d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u65f6\u95f4\u597d\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u8d70\u8fc7\u4e86\u5341\u4e2a\u5e74\u5934\u30021947\u5e74\uff0c\u585e\u897f\u5c14\u00b7\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Cecil F. Powell\uff0c1903-1969\uff09<\/span>\u4ece\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7ebf\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u5355\u4f4d\u6b63\u7535\u8377\u6216\u8d1f\u7535\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u7684273\u500d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0e\u6838\u5b50\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5b66\u754c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u9884\u8a00\u7684\u4ecb\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u03c0\u4ecb\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u03c0+<\/sup><\/span><\/span>\u4ecb\u5b50\u548c\u03c0–<\/sup><\/span><\/span>\u4ecb\u5b50\u4e92\u4e3a\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u30021950\u5e74\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u03c00<\/sup><\/span>\u4ecb\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u7389\u6c5d\u4e8e\u6210\uff0c\u529f\u4e0d\u5510\u6350\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u56e0\u4e4b\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861949\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u800c\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u4e861950\u5e74\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe6 \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8363\u83b71949\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u503c\u5f97\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u548c\u9c8d\u5a01\u5c14\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u7531\u4f2f\u7279\u5170\u00b7\u7f57\u7d20<\/span>\uff08Bertrand A. W. Russell, 1872\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u57661955\u5e747\u67089\u65e5\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u53d1\u8d77\u768411\u4eba\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u8457\u540d\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u6587\u4ef6\u201c\u7f57\u7d20\u2014\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5ba3\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u5bf9\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u6df1\u8868\u5fe7\u8651\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u548c\u5e73\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u56fd\u9645\u4e89\u7aef\u3002\u5ba3\u8a00\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u9274\u4e8e\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u7c7b\u6b66\u5668\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u7ee7\u7eed\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6566\u4fc3\u5404\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5f00\u8bda\u5e03\u516c\u5730\u8ba9\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u573a\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6566\u4fc3\u4ed6\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u5404\u79cd\u7ea0\u7eb7\u7684\u548c\u5e73\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u201d\u6b64\u540e\uff0c1957\u5e74\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8fd8\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927Pugwash\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u4ee5\u4e16\u754c\u548c\u5e73\u4e3a\u5b97\u65e8\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e8b\u52a1\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u5b9e\u73b0\u65e0\u6838\u4e16\u754c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe7  \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u548c\u8d39\u66fc\u3001\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u3001\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u5408\u7167<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
1946\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u521b\u529e\u4e86\u300a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8fdb\u5c55\u300b\u56fd\u9645\u6742\u5fd7\u5e76\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u7f16\u76f4\u81f3\u8f9e\u4e16\u30021948\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5e94\u9080\u5230\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u9ad8\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u4efb\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff0c1949\u5e74\u5230\u7ebd\u7ea6\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u5ba2\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u81f31955\u5e74\u56de\u56fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe8 \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u9898\u5b57<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u83b7\u5956\u6210\u540d\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u9080\u8bf7\u9898\u5b57\u3002\u6df1\u53d7\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e84\u5b50\u601d\u60f3\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u559c\u6b22\u5199\u5e84\u5b50\u300a\u79cb\u6c34\u300b\u7684\u201c\u77e5\u9c7c\u4e50\u201d\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bfb\u8005\u90fd\u5f88\u719f\u8bc6\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u00b7\u79cb\u6c34\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff1a\u5e84\u5b50\u4e0e\u60e0\u5b50\u6e38\u4e8e\u6fe0\u6881\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u5e84\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u9ca6\u9c7c\u51fa\u6e38\u4ece\u5bb9\uff0c\u662f\u9c7c\u4e4b\u4e50\u4e5f\uff1f\u201d\u60e0\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5b50\u975e\u9c7c\uff0c\u5b89\u77e5\u9c7c\u4e4b\u4e50\uff1f\u201d\u5e84\u5b50\u66f0\uff1a\u201c\u5b50\u975e\u6211\uff0c\u5b89\u77e5\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9c7c\u4e4b\u4e50\uff1f\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u66fe\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65e0\u5f62\u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u8001\u5e84\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ed6\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5bf9\u6211\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u957f\u5e74\u7d2f\u6708\u5438\u5f15\u6211\u3001\u7ed9\u6211\u6700\u6df1\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u662f\u8001\u5b50\u548c\u5e84\u5b50\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5b83\u867d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e1c\u65b9\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u601d\u8003\u6709\u5173\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4ecd\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u8fdb\u5165\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe9  \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u4e66\u6cd5\uff08\u53d6\u81ea\u300a\u5e84\u5b50\u00b7\u77e5\u5317\u6e38\u300b\uff09\uff1a<\/span>\u201c\u5929\u5730\u6709\u5927\u7f8e\u800c\u4e0d\u8a00\uff0c\u56db\u65f6\u6709\u660e\u6cd5\u800c\u4e0d\u8bae\uff0c\u4e07\u7269\u6709\u6210\u7406\u800c\u4e0d\u8bf4\u3002<\/span>\u5723\u4eba\u8005\uff0c\u539f\u5929\u5730\u4e4b\u7f8e\u800c\u8fbe\u4e07\u7269\u4e4b\u7406\u3002<\/span>\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5fc3\u91cc\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u6838\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u591a\u662f\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u300a\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u76f4\u89c9\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u601d\u7ef4\u80fd\u529b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521b\u7acb\u50cf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u5bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u3002\u201d1964\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u96c5\u5178\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u516c\u4f17\u6f14\u8bb2\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6211\u5b8c\u5168\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e88\u6211\u7684\u6069\u60e0\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u628a\u6df1\u85cf\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u7684\u771f\u7406\u63ed\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4f1f\u5927\u4e8b\u4e1a\u3002\u201d\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8ba4\u540c\u57c3\u5c14\u6e29\u00b7\u859b\u5b9a\u8ae4<\/span>\uff08Erwin R. J. A. Schr\u00f6dinger\uff0c1887-1961\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u662f\u201c\u6309\u7167\u5e0c\u814a\u4eba\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

\u4e09<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u4e00\u751f\u83b7\u5f97\u8fc7\u591a\u9879\u8363\u8a89\u548c\u5956\u52b1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e8e1940\u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u5956\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Imperial Prize of the Japan Academy\uff09<\/span>\uff0c1943 \u5e74\u83b7\u5f97\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u5bb6\u8912\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Japan Medal of Honour\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u52cb\u7ae0<\/span>\uff08Cultural Medal\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7a0d\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
1949\u5e74\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u8363\u83b7\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u201c\u5728\u6838\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u4ecb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u6210\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u5e76\u51fa\u4efb\u8fc7\u65e5\u672c\u79d1\u5b66\u534f\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u3001\u7231\u4e01\u5821\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9074\u9009\u4e3a\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u5df4\u9ece\u5927\u5b66\u8363\u8a89\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u4ee5\u53ca\u82cf\u8054\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u7f57\u8499\u8bfa\u7d22\u592b\u91d1\u8d28\u5956\u7ae0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u5f70\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8e1953\u5e74\u5728\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u8bbe\u7acb\u201c\u57fa\u7840\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d\u5e76\u8ba9\u4ed6\u62c5\u4efb\u6240\u957f\u3002\u5927\u962a\u5927\u5b66\u8058\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5f53\u540d\u8a89\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u5e02\u6388\u4e88\u4ed6\u8363\u8a89\u5e02\u6c11\u5149\u8363\u79f0\u53f7\u3002\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4fee\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u6240\u201c\u6c64\u5ddd\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe10  \u6c64\u5ddd\u7eaa\u5ff5\u9986\uff08\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65e5\u672c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6210\u957f\u3002\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5148\u540e\u51fa\u4e864\u4f4d\u672c\u571f\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\uff1a\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u3001\u671d\u6c38\u632f\u4e00\u90ce<\/span>\uff08Sinitiro Tomonaga\uff0c1906-1979\uff1b1965\u5e74\u5f97\u5956\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u76ca\u5ddd\u654f\u82f1<\/span>\uff08Masukawa Toshihide\uff0c1940-2021\uff1b2008\u5e74\u5f97\u5956\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5c0f\u6797\u8bda<\/span>\uff08Kobayashi Makoto\uff0c1944-\uff1b2008\u5e74\u5f97\u5956\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7684\u6089\u5fc3\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u7cbe\u795e\u9f13\u821e\u529f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6ca1\u30022008\u5e74\uff0c87\u5c81\u7684\u5357\u90e8\u9633\u4e00\u90ce<\/span>\uff08Yoichiro Nambu\uff0c1921-2015\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u83b7\u5f97\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5956\u65f6\u6fc0\u52a8\u4e07\u5206\uff0c\u4e00\u518d\u611f\u8c22\u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u542f\u5bfc\u548c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201c\u6709\u5927\u5e08\u800c\u65e0\u5927\u697c\u201d\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u4f9d\u7136\u5ea7\u843d\u4e8e\u6821\u56ed\u89d2\u843d\u4e00\u680b\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u65e7\u697c\u91cc\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe11  \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7eaa\u5ff5\u77f3\u50cf\uff08\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u95e8\u5916\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fc4\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bde\u751f\u4e869\u540d\u8bfa\u8d1d\u5c14\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30012\u540d\u83f2\u5c14\u5179\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30011\u540d\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30015\u540d\u62c9\u65af\u514b\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30011\u540d\u9ad8\u65af\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30014\u540d\u4eac\u90fd\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30012\u540d\u65e5\u672c\u56fd\u9645\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30014\u540d\u82a5\u5ddd\u9f99\u4e4b\u4ecb\u6587\u5b66\u5956\u5f97\u4e3b\u30011\u540d\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u2014\u534e\u83b1\u58eb\u5956\u7ae0\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e24\u4f4d\u65e5\u672c\u9996\u76f8\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u5728\u4e16\u754c500\u5f3a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684CEO\u6821\u53cb\u4eba\u6570\u5168\u7403\u6392\u540d\u4e3a\u7b2c12\u4f4d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u4e16\u4eba\u559c\u6b22\u8c08\u8bba\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5927\u5b66\u6392\u884c\u699c\u91cc\uff0c\u4eac\u90fd\u5927\u5b66\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u603b\u662f\u540d\u5217\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u843d\u5728\u4e1c\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe12 \u6c64\u5ddd\u79c0\u6811\u7eaa\u5ff5\u90ae\u7968<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n