{"id":35387,"date":"2022-06-24T21:26:59","date_gmt":"2022-06-24T13:26:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35387"},"modified":"2022-06-24T21:26:59","modified_gmt":"2022-06-24T13:26:59","slug":"%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%e5%bf%83%e6%99%ba%ef%bc%9a%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e6%8b%93%e6%89%91%e5%a1%91%e9%80%a0%e9%9b%86%e4%bd%93%e8%ae%a4%e7%9f%a5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35387","title":{"rendered":"\u96c6\u4f53\u5fc3\u667a\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u6709\u7740\u590d\u6742\u591a\u6837\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7279\u6709\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6587\u7ae0\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u79ef\u7d2f\u53ca\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5171\u540c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u65e2\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u56de\u987e\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5728\u56fe\u8bba\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8be5\u7efc\u8ff0\u6536\u5f55\u4e8e\u300a\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u54f2\u5b66\u901a\u62a5B\u300b\uff08The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B\uff092022\u5e741\u6708\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\u201c\u96c6\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u6587\u5316\u79ef\u7d2f\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ca\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u201d\u4e3b\u9898\u7279\u520a\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Ida Momenneja<\/span> | \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

Collective minds: social network topology shapes collective cognition<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/full\/10.1098\/rstb.2020.0315<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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    \u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8457\u540d\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u4ea7\u51fa\u6240\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e13\u95e8\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7efc\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0b\u5217\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6 [1,2]\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a [3-5]\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u53d1\u73b0\u548c\u6587\u5316\u79ef\u7d2f [6]\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66 [7,8] \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0 [9-11]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u7684\u91cd\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u5404\u4e2a\u5b66\u79d1\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u503c\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u3002Bratman [12-14]\u3001Davidson [15]\u3001Tuomela [16] \u548cGilbert [17,18] \u7b49\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u5171\u540c\u80fd\u52a8\u6027<\/span>\uff08shared agency\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u5171\u540c\u610f\u5411\u6027<\/span>\uff08shared intentionality\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u54f2\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u610f\u5411\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u9053\u5fb7\u548c\u4f26\u7406\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u5bb6\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u5408\u4f5c\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u7d2f\u79ef\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b [6,19]\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u548c\u5a74\u513f\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08theory of mind\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u5171\u540c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u53ca\u5408\u4f5c [20-24]\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\u6709\u5173\u5171\u540c\u610f\u5411\u6027\u3001\u5f52\u56e0\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u6587\u660e\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8be6\u89c1\u672c\u7279\u520a [25] \u4e2dO’Madagin\u548cTomasello\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5408\u4f5c [26]\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e92\u60e0\u6027<\/span>\uff08reciprocity\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4f20\u9012\u6027\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u6d8c\u73b0[27] \u4ee5\u53ca\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ec0\u4e48\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u4eba\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u51b3\u7b56\u4e2d\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u597d [28]\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u7684\u5168\u9762\u56de\u987e\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u7684\u8303\u56f4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u56de\u987e\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u54f2\u5b66\u3001\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u5efa\u6a21\u5e76\u9884\u6d4b\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u520a\u7269\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u56de\u987e[29-33]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u672c\u6587\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u79d1\u5b66\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u5bf9\u56fe\u8bba\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f62\u6210\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u8fd8\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u671f\u671b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u671f\u671b\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6db5\u76d6\u4e0b\u5217\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u9884\u6d4b\u5e76\u6253\u51fb\u6709\u5173\u5168\u7403\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u5ff5\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8bfe\u5802\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u540c\u6b65\u5927\u4f17\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4f18\u5316\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5feb\u901f\u53d1\u73b0\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5de5\u4f5c\u961f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u80fd\u589e\u5f3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u7684\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u672c\u6587\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8303\u56f4\u5185\uff0c\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7b80\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u53ca\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff08\u00a72\uff09\u3001\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u00a73\uff09\u3001\u6587\u5316\u79ef\u7d2f\u53ca\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff08\u00a74\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5c04\u5982\u4f55\u6355\u6349\u4e2a\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\uff08\u00a75\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u795e\u7ecf\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff08\u00a76\uff09\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u5728\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\uff08\u00a77\uff09\uff0c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff08\u00a78\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u56fe1. \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u5165\u95e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7814\u7a76 [2] \u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u8282\u70b9\uff08Node\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u5f62\u8868\u793a\u3002\u8fb9\uff08Edge\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u4e24\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\uff08\u4e2a\u4f53\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u7528\u7ebf\u8868\u793a\u3002\u96c6\u7fa4\uff08cluster\uff09\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6865\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\uff08bridge ties\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u516c\u5171\u8fde\u63a5\uff09\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\uff08cluster ties\uff0c\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5219\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u6761\u516c\u5171\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u4e5f\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\u6807\u51fa\u3002\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5ea6\uff08degree\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u7eff\u8272\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u968f\u673a\u6027\uff08b\uff09\u3001\u805a\u7c7b\u5173\u7cfb\uff08a\uff0cc\uff09\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u76f4\u5f84\uff08\u6700\u5927\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u5e73\u5747\u8def\u5f84\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u8457\u540d\u7684\u56fe\u62d3\u6251\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7f51\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\u3001\u968f\u673a\u73af\u72b6\u56fe\u548c\u96c6\u7fa4\u793e\u533a\u7ed3\u6784\u56fe\uff08c\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    2. \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u534f\u8c03\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7406\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 1\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u534f\u8c03\u96c6\u4f53\u5171\u540c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u4ece\u670b\u53cb\u5708\u5230\u5927\u578b\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5851\u9020\u7fa4\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\uff0c\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u53c8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u548c\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u6307\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u95f4\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u878d\u5408[1,2]\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7531\u793e\u4f1a\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\u516c\u5171\u7b26\u53f7 [34,35]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6218\u4e89\u7eaa\u5ff5\u7891\u7b49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cComan\u3001Momennejad\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u56fe\u8bba\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3001\u590d\u6742\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4eff\u771f\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6 [1,2,36]\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bf9\u7167\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4f1a\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u5230\u9884\u5148\u7f16\u6392\u7684\u865a\u62df\u73af\u5883\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u3002\u53d7\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u8868\u5f81\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08representational\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e2a\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cf\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u878d\u5408[1,2]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u7531\u591a\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7ec4\u6210<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u598210\u4eba\u621616\u4eba\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u9762\u5bf9\u7535\u8111\u5c4f\u5e55\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u8111\u7684\u6587\u672c\u804a\u5929\u7a97\u53e3\u4e0e\u9884\u5148\u6307\u5b9a\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u865a\u62df\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90fd\u6309\u7167\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u8bbe\u8ba1<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>\uff1a\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5355\u72ec\u5b66\u4e60\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6750\u6599\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5fc6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08\u4f1a\u8bdd\u524d\u56de\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f39\u51fa\u5f0f\u804a\u5929\u7a97\u53e3\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e8c\u5143\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u671f\u95f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ece\u5b66\u4e60\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u8bb0\u4f4f\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u4f1a\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u548c\u8c01\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u8c08\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u6bcf\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u518d\u6b21\u5355\u72ec\u8fdb\u884c\u56de\u5fc6\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/span>\uff08\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540e\u56de\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f1a\u8bdd\u524d\u53ca\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540e\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u62d3\u6251\u53ca\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u62d3\u6251\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cf\u7531\u4e8e\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u878d\u5408<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53d7\u795e\u7ecf\u6210\u50cf\u4e2d\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6280\u672f\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8868\u5f81\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4f5c\u8005\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u56de\u5fc6\u53cd\u5e94\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5fc6\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67d0\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u670916\u4e2a\u56de\u5fc6\u95ee\u9898 [1]\uff0c\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u52302\u7ec416\u7ef4\u7684\u5411\u91cf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8bdd\u524d\u540e\u56de\u5fc6\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6b63\u786e\u56de\u5fc6\u4e86\u67d0\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u9879\u76ee\u7f16\u7801\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e3a0\u3002\u7136\u540e\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u5bf9\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f1a\u8bdd\u524d\u548c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540e\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u56de\u5fc6\u5411\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6216\u70b9\u79ef\u3002\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08Mnemonic similarity\uff09<\/span>\u8861\u91cf\u4e86\u4e00\u5bf9\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u9057\u5fd8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7b97\u51fa\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u878d\u5408\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Mnemonic convergence\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u9057\u5fd8\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c06\u4f1a\u8bdd\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u76f8\u51cf\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8bb0\u5fc6\u534f\u8c03\u5ea6<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Mnemonic alignment\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u8be5\u5bf9\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/span>\uff08\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u9057\u5fd8\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u534f\u8c03\u5ea6\u505a\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ea6\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u56fe2. \u7814\u7a76\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\uff08a\uff09\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cf\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u8ba1 [1,34]\u3002\u5728\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7ed9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u73af\u8282\u90fd\u5206\u914d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a10\u4eba\u6784\u6210\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u3002\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e2a\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u5e76\u56de\u5fc6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u4f1a\u8bdd\u9636\u6bb5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540e\u4e2a\u4f53\u56de\u5fc6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\uff08b\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08\u968f\u4f1a\u8bdd\u800c\u53d8\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982P6\u4ee3\u88686\u53f7\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8303\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u62d3\u6251\u5bf9\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540e\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u8bb0\u5fc6\u878d\u5408\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u878d\u5408\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8861\u91cf\u6807\u51c6[1]\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6570\u636e\u662f\u4ece10\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6784\u6210\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6536\u96c6\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e863\u6b21\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6309\u7167\u96c6\u7fa4\u6216\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u6709\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e868\u4e2a\u96c6\u7fa4\u768410\u4eba\u7f51\u7edc\u548c8\u4e2a\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u768410\u4eba\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5bf9\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5176\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bf9\u8bdd\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u4f1a\u8bdd\u8ddd\u79bb\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6700\u4f4e<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u5b9e<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6210\u5bf9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8fd8\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4f1a\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4e0e\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u96c6\u7fa4\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76f4\u5f84\uff0c\u5373\u7f51\u7edc\u6700\u8fdc\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c<\/span>\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5c0f\u76f4\u5f84\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\uff08\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u62d3\u6251\uff09\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5177\u6709\u96c6\u7fa4\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u751f\u8bb0\u5fc6\u878d\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    Momennejad\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u9a8c [2] \u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u9010\u6e10\u5c55\u5f00\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f31\u6216\u6865\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u5148\u8fdb\u884c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a0\u5267\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u878d\u5408<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0eGranovetter\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f31\u5173\u7cfb\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u76f8\u7b26 [37]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e2a\u4f53\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8981\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6709\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e0d\u662f\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e92\u76f8\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u56fe3. \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u56fe2\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u96c6\u7fa4\u62d3\u6251\u6761\u4ef6\u53ca\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u62d3\u6251\u6761\u4ef6\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5047\u8bbe\u77e9\u9635\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u4ee3\u8868\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982P6\u4ee3\u88686\u53f7\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u3002\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u4ece0\uff08\u81ea\u8eab\uff1b\u6df1\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u52305\uff08\u6700\u5927\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6\uff1b\u6df1\u7ea2\u8272\uff09\u3002\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u975e\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\uff08b\uff09\u4e2d\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u540e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u534f\u8c03\u5ea6\u6bd4\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\uff08b\uff09\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u53d1\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u8bb0\u5fc6\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5047\u8bbe\u77e9\u9635\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u2014\u2014\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6\uff08\u5373\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u95f4\u8ddd\u6216\u7f51\u7edc\u76f4\u5f84\uff09\uff0c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u4f4e\u7684\u878d\u5408\u6027\u3002\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff08c\uff0cd\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4ea4\u6d41\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u51b3\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u534f\u8c03\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u8ba1\u7b97\u7814\u7a76 [36] \u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4e0e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u63d0\u53d6\u8bf1\u53d1\u9057\u5fd8\u6a21\u578b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408 [38,39]\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u529f\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53ca\u8bb0\u5fc6\u9057\u5fd8\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u6216\u4ecb\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u3001\u4ecb\u89c2\u548c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53ca\u5b9e\u9a8c\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u9053\u8def\u3002\u96c6\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u56fe\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u5e26\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u673a\u6784\u6a21\u62df[40]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4eba\u7c7b\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    3. \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u89c4\u8303<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u901a\u5e38\u6784\u6210\u5171\u540c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f[41]\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u9009\u62e9\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u51b3\u7b56\uff0c\u662f\u5171\u540c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u52a8\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e2a\u4f53\u53ca\u96c6\u4f53\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u4f8b\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u62df\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u673a\u7406 [42]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6b65 [43]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    Vlasceanu\u548cComan\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u540c\u6b65\u7248\u672c [1,5] \u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u7814\u7a76 [1] \u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u65e0\u76f4\u63a5\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u4e14\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u4fe1\u5ff5\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u5176\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u5728\u753112\u4eba\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u516c\u5171\u6f14\u8bb2\u8005\u4e3a\u67d0\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u80cc\u4e66\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u534f\u8c03[43]\u3002\u5728\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u7ec4\u4fe1\u5ff5\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u5e72\u6270\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u6761\u4ef6\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u542c\u53d6\u8ba4\u53ef\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u516c\u5171\u6f14\u8bb2<\/span>\uff08\u5904\u7406\u6761\u4ef6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u516c\u5171\u6f14\u8bb2\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u53c8\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7f51\u7edc\u4ea4\u6d41\u5e76\u88ab\u5176\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u540c\u6b65\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9700\u8981\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5171\u6f14\u8bb2\u8005\u7684\u559c\u7231\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u672c\u6587\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5bf9\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u652f\u914d\u7740\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u884c\u4e3a<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002Centola\u5728\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb [3,4]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u62d3\u6251\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u5173\u7cfb\u5bc6\u5207\u8005\u5bf9\u8be5\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5f3a\u5316\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u91c7\u53d6\u8be5\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91c7\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u7fa4\u89c4\u5219\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6bd4\u5728\u968f\u673a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad [3]\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cCentola\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u793e\u533a\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u91c7\u7528\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e24\u540d\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e24\u8005\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u76f8\u8fd1\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u5f7c\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u540e\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u96c6\u7fa4\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u592a\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u5efa\u7acb\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u5e76\u76f8\u4e92\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0e\u66f4\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e92\u52a8\u5e76\u53d7\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 [4]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u867d\u7136\u672c\u6587\u662f\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7efc\u8ff0\uff0c\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u8ba4\u77e5\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u53cd\u5e94\u6bd4\u4e2a\u4eba\u53cd\u5e94\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8ba8\u8bba[34-39]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u80dc\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5df2\u7ecf\u8d85\u51fa\u4e86\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u5fae\u89c2-\u5b8f\u89c2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5229\u7528\u7f51\u7edc\u65b9\u6cd5\u6539\u53d8\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303<\/strong>\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u503c\u5f97\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002Banerjee\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5c0f\u989d\u4fe1\u8d37\u5728\u519c\u6751\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5176\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u6765\u5ea6\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5219\u88ab\u91c7\u7eb3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4f1a\u5728\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u4f20\u64ad [44]\u3002\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u5f71\u54cd\u6df1\u8fdc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cPaluck\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5bf924000\u591a\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53cd\u51b2\u7a81\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u4f1a\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u7167\u201d\u89d2\u8272<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u9488\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u53c2\u7167\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f971\u5e74\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u51cf\u5c11\u4e8630%\uff0c\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u5e72\u9884\u66f4\u4e3a\u6709\u6548\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53c8\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5de5\u5382\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\uff1a\u89c4\u8303\u53d8\u66f4\u3001\u529d\u8bf4\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u5de5\u5382\u5de5\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u6743\u5a01\u548c\u6b63\u4e49\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65 [46-49]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u603b\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5728\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u89c4\u8303\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u5e72\u9884<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8ba9\u96c6\u4f53\u66b4\u9732\u4e8e\u516c\u4f17\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u6216\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u96c6\u4f53\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8fde\u540c\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ca\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5728\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u6253\u51fb\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6709\u5173\u5065\u5eb7\u884c\u4e3a\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u6709\u5bb3\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6f5c\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u7f51\u7edc\u5efa\u7acb\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5e72\u9884\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5728\u5371\u673a\u65f6\u671f\u540c\u6b65\u5927\u578b\u793e\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ca\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u5177\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u9488\u5bf9\u6865\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u5b64\u7acb\u96c6\u7fa4<\/span>\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u8327\u623f\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u5e72\u9884\u548c\u96c6\u4e2d\u5f0f\u516c\u5f00\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n


    <\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    4. \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u60f3\u60f3\u4f60\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\u3001\u5e03\u9c81\u514b\u6797\u5927\u6865\u53ca\u56fd\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ad9\u3002\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u6280\u672f\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u4ee3\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u53ef\u89c1\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u603b\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u51fa\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u7d2f\u79ef\u6027\u6587\u5316\u6210\u5c31<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u590d\u6742\u6280\u672f\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u53ca\u8fde\u901a\u6027 [6]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e00\u9879\u5f00\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0cDerex\u548cBoyd [6]\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u53ca\u65f6\u95f4\u987a\u5e8f\u5982\u4f55\u5e26\u6765\u521b\u9020\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u75316\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u6784\u6210\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u865a\u62df\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u63a2\u7d22\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u76846\u540d\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u57283\u4e2a2\u4eba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e862\u6b21\u6210\u5458\u4ea4\u6362<\/span>\uff08\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u666f\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\u60c5\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5168\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u53ca\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4f46\u90e8\u5206\u8fde\u63a5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6587\u5316\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u590d\u6742\u548c\u7d2f\u79ef\u6027\u521b\u9020\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e3a\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u8bba\u70b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff1a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u53ef\u4ee5\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7ed3\u679c\u9700\u6c42\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e72\u9884\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5e26\u6765\u542f\u793a\uff1a\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u7684\u5e72\u9884\uff0c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5305\u62ec\u9884\u6d4b\u5e76\u6253\u51fb\u6709\u5173\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bbe\u8ba1\u79d1\u7814\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u4ea4\u6d41\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5feb\u901f\u75ab\u82d7\u5f00\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    Wooley\u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5c06\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd<\/strong>\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\uff0c\u8d85\u8d8a\u96c6\u4f53\u4e2d\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u89e3\u51b3\u5404\u79cd\u4efb\u52a1\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b <\/strong>[50,51]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u9879\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u53ca\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u53ef\u5ea6\u91cf\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u5f97\u5230\u7279\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3 [50,51]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u773c\u775b\u7167\u7247\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u667a\u529b\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd [52]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e2a\u4f53\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u8054\u62d3\u6251\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0Derex\u4e0eBoyd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u201c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u53ca\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u7fa4\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u201d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u534f\u4f5c\u5b66\u4e60 [53]\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u56e2\u961f\u89c4\u6a21\u53ca\u7ec4\u6210\u5728\u590d\u6742\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528 [54]\u3002\u8bda\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u89c1\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u6709\u5f85\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\uff0c\u534f\u4f5c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u91cd\u6784\u5176\u534f\u4f5c\u8fde\u63a5\u4ee5\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u540c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5f85\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0e\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u611f\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span>\uff08\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u8282\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5bf9\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u7f16\u7801\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    5. \u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ae0\u8282\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4f1a\u4f53\u73b0\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u7fa4\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5458\u7684\u6d4b\u5730\u8ddd\u79bb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u81ea\u7136\u800c\u7136\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u79cd\u5047\u8bf4\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u5927\u8111\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u63a2\u7a76\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u662f\u5426\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\u654f\u611f [7]\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u7fa4\u4e0e\u866b\u7fa4\u6216\u517d\u7fa4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u53ca\u7ed3\u6784\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f7d\u5f15\u5bfc\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u8e2a\u76f4\u63a5<\/span>\uff08\u5355\u7ea7\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u95f4\u63a5\u6216\u66f4\u9065\u8fdc<\/span>\uff08\u591a\u7ea7\u8fde\u63a5\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u2014\u2014\u5ef6\u4f38\u5230\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8be5\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u7b49\u56fe\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u5b66\u672f\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684275\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u4e2d21\u540d\u6210\u5458\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u6210\u50cf<\/span>\uff08fMRI\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u5c11<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e0e\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ec5\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5458\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u90fd\u770b\u4e86\u4e0e\u5176\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u79bb\u5ea6\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u7167\u7247\u3002\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6709\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e2d\u539f\u672c\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u6210\u4e3a\u6865\u6881\u7ebd\u5e26<\/span>\uff08\u4f5c\u4e3a\u95f4\u4ecb\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u6807\u51c6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u5f0f\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2a\u4f53\u770b\u5230\u5176\u5b83\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u7167\u7247\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u6fc0\u6d3b\u6b63\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7279\u5b9a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u62d3\u6251\u7f16\u7801\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u7f16\u7801<\/strong> [55]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8fc7fMRI\u626b\u63cf\uff0c\u5bf9\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u65f6\u5927\u8111\u6fc0\u6d3b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u63a2\u7a76\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7ed8\u5236\u4e86\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u56fe\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7fa4\u4f53\u6210\u5458\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027\uff0c\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e86\u5176\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u89c6\u9891\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7d27\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76 [56] \u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u65f6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u53cd\u5e94\u4e0e\u5176\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u5173\u7cfb\u8005\u66f4\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e86\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\uff1a\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u95f4\u7684\u5927\u8111\u53cd\u5e94\u66f4\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u79bb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5219\u4e0d\u592a\u76f8\u4f3c<\/strong>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u793e\u533a\u6210\u5458\u5728\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0e\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u9ad8\u7279\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u66f4\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u54cd\u529b” [57]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u81f3\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fe\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6 [1,2] \u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5 [43] \u7684\u540c\u6b65\uff1b\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u95f4\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u534f\u8c03 [56,57]\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u6709\u5173\u7f51\u7edc\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801 [7]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e2d\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u4e3a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    6. \u5b58\u5728\u5f15\u5bfc\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u666e\u9002\u673a\u5236\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6bd4\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fd1\u4eb2\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4e14\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0e\u7075\u957f\u7c7b [55] \u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u54fa\u4e73\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269 [58] \u7684\u8111\u5bb9\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e0e\u866b\u7fa4\u548c\u517d\u7fa4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u7fa4\u7531\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u672c\u7279\u520a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u7d2f\u79ef\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u53ca\u4eba\u53e3\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u6e29\u9971\u8f6c\u5411\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bba\u6587\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u72e9\u730e-\u91c7\u96c6\u8005\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u6587\u5316\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u89c1 [59,60]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca [61]\uff09\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u8de8\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u7814\u7a76\u5173\u6ce8\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u96c6\u4f53\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u8be6\u89c1 Garland \u7b49\u4eba [62]\uff0cGruber \u7b49\u4eba [63]\uff0cWhiten \u7b49\u4eba [64]\uff0cWild \u7b49\u4eba [65]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u672c\u7279\u520a\u4e2dWilliams\u53caLachlan [66] \u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6545\u5728\u6f14\u5316\u6846\u67b6\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u4f5c\u8fc7\u591a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5df2\u7ecf\u6f14\u5316\u5230\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f7d\u5f15\u5bfc\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u9700\u6c42\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u589e\u957f\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u5f15\u5bfc\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0e\u6587\u5316\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u6216\u5173\u8054\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u548c\u6587\u5316\u8fdb\u884c\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u5e76\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u79cd\u80fd\u529b\u5728\u5148\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5171\u540c\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u7684 [8]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6709\u5173\u8054\u60f3\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u548c\u8868\u5f81\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u6210\u50cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u591a\u6b65\u62d3\u6251\u53ca\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80fd\u529b [67-69]\u3002\u8fde\u63a5\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005<\/span>\uff08connectionist\uff09<\/span>\u53ca\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u5e8f\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8054\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u89e3\u91ca [8]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u4e60\u539f\u7406 [70] \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u6240\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc [68,71,72]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5f15\u5bfc\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u9614\u56fe\u666f\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u4e60\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8868\u793a\u56fe\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e8\u4e2a\u6708\u5927\u7684\u513f\u7ae5[73]\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u9ad8\u9636\u65f6\u95f4\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u65f6\u95f4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u65f6 [74]\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u8bed\u8a00\u4e60\u5f97\u9886\u57df [75,76]\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5dee\u5f02 [77]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5c40\u90e8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u5982\u4f55\u5f15\u8d77\u5bf9\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u5b66\u4e60 [78,79] \u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u6700\u8fd1\uff0cSchapiro \u53ca\u5176\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u523a\u6fc0\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u9690\u5f0f\u5730\u5bf9\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u901a\u8fc7fMRI\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u524d\u989d\u53f6<\/span> (PFC) <\/span>\u548c\u5185\u4fa7\u989e\u53f6\u7b49\u8111\u533a\u4e2d [67]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u5df2\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7ed3\u6784\u7684[80]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u591a\u6b65\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u540e\u7ee7\u8868\u5f81\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8bc1\u636e [68,69,71,81]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u5b66\u4e60\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff1a\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0e\u5bfc\u822a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u7a7a\u95f4\u62d3\u6251\u5bfc\u822a\u3001\u6377\u5f84\u63a2\u7d22\u53ca\u5b66\u4e60\u975e\u7a7a\u95f4\u5173\u8054\u62d3\u6251\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u547c\u5524\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5171\u540c\u673a\u5236\u8fdb\u884c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u62d3\u6251\u6a21\u5f0f\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8111\u533a\uff0c\u662f\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6<\/span>\uff08mPFC\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u6d77\u9a6c-\u5185\u55c5\u76ae\u5c42\u590d\u5408\u4f53 [72,81-84]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8111\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u52a8\u7269\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u6700\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u524d\u90e8\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u77e5\u7279\u522b\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5185\u4fa7\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u524d\u90e8<\/span>\uff08\u5e03\u7f57\u5fb7\u66fc10\u533a\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u4efb\u52a1 [85-87]\u3001\u7c7b\u6bd4\u63a8\u7406 [88] \u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u63a8\u7406 [89-91] \u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6d89\u53ca\u8868\u5f81\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u56fe\u8bba\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\u53ca\u5de5\u5177 [92]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc6\u522b\u4eba\u7c7b\u8ba4\u8bc6\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u7406\u89e3\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u6f14\u5316\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u3002\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ca\u5efa\u6a21\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u9610\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5b66\u4e60\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u53ca\u975e\u4eba\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u56fe\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5f00\u53d1\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    7. \u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5f53\u4ee3\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e00\u4e2a\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5b66\u4e60\u53ca\u534f\u4f5c\u5f0f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd<\/span>\uff08AI\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u521b\u65b0\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86AI-AI\u4ea4\u4e92\u53caAI-\u4eba\u4ea4\u4e92<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41 [93] \uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6784\u5efaAI\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a\u4eba-\u4eba\u4ea4\u4e92 [94] \u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u65b9\u9762\u3002\u672c\u7279\u520a\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u6587\u5316\u5b9e\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u89c1 [95]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8702\u7fa4\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5177\u8eab\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u89c1[96]\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8eab\u4f53\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u63a2\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u89c1[97]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u4ece\u73a9\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6e38\u620f<\/span>\uff08\u5982Project Malmo\u3001Xbox games\u3001\u6211\u7684\u4e16\u754c [9,98] \u548c\u661f\u9645\u4e89\u9738 [11,99]\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u589e\u5f3a\u5b66\u4e60\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc \uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7f51\u7edc\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ea4\u6d41\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u529b[10]\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ea4\u4e92\u7684\u5b66\u4e60 [100] \u4ee5\u53ca\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u7684\u5143\u5b66\u4e60 [101]\u3002\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u4ea4\u4e92\u56fe\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u6cdb\u5316 [102]\u3002\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u4ece\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53ca\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u65e2\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u53c8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e0d\u540c\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2a\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u67b6\u6784\u6240\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u81f3\u5c11\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u9700\u6c42\u6216\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4ece\u534f\u4f5c\u3001\u7ade\u4e89<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982Xbox games\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u8f85\u52a9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u539f\u7406\u4e0e\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u60c5\u666f\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6765\u6df1\u5165\u7406\u89e3\u795e\u7ecf\u67b6\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u72ec\u7acb\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55 [103]\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5e94\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u7269\u79cd\u5728\u5927\u578b\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\u9700\u6c42\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7406\u8bba\u652f\u6301\u3002\u54ea\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u6e90\u4e8e\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1f\u54ea\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6216\u5927\u8111\u67b6\u6784\u53ef\u4ee5\u627f\u8f7d\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u53ca\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u8303\u7574\u4e0b\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5982\u4f55\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u6fc0\u52a8\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n

     <\/span><\/p>\n<\/h1>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    8. \u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u62d3\u6251<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u8111\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u5185\u5d4c\u5728\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0e\u866b\u7fa4\u53ca\u517d\u7fa4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6210\u5206\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u3002\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u652f\u6301\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u53ca\u5b8f\u89c2\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u7efc\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\uff1a(1) \u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u5458\u540c\u6b65 [1\u20135]\uff1b(2) \u4eba\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u4e2a\u4f53\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u89c2\u770b\u89c6\u9891\u65f6\u5927\u8111\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7fa4\u5185\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u5173\u7cfb [7,56]\uff1b(3) \u5927\u8111\u7f16\u7801\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u5173\u7cfb\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5927\u8111\u5b66\u4e60\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u53ca\u8ba4\u77e5\u56fe\u7684\u80fd\u529b [104]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u56de\u987e\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u5173\u5b66\u4e60\u53ca\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5171\u540c\u673a\u5236 [8,67,77]\uff1b(4) \u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7b97\u6cd5\u5219\u5728\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u4e0e\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u8d77\u6765 [10]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u2014\u2014\u5927\u8111\u83b7\u53d6\u5e76\u5f15\u5bfc\u590d\u6742\u5927\u578b\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u957f\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u89c4\u6a21\u53ca\u9010\u6e10\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u62d3\u6251\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u3002\u800c\u6709\u5173\u793e\u4ea4\u53ca\u60c5\u611f\u969c\u788d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u9610\u660e\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0e\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u95f4\u7684\u5f02\u540c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u672c\u7efc\u8ff0\u6240\u56de\u987e\u7684\u5404\u9879\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u5728\u56fe\u8bba\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u5b66\u3001\u6570\u5b66\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u793e\u7fa4\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u7c7b\u53ca\u8868\u5f81 [105,106]\uff0c\u5bf9\u52a8\u6001\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u6790<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u5bf9\u8bdd\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff09<\/span>[2]\uff0c\u7528\u591a\u9879\u76ee\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u5f81\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6765\u6bd4\u8f83\u9002\u5e94\u540e\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u5411\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5206\u6790\u795e\u7ecf\u6a21\u5f0f [84]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6bd4\u8f83\u884c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u878d\u5408 [1,34]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u7528\u4e8e\u5206\u6790\u590d\u6742\u7f51\u7edc\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u56fe\u8bba\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u4e0d\u540c\u67b6\u6784\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5851\u9020\u5e76\u6574\u5408\u4e86\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u7279\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u540c\u6b65\u6216\u6574\u5408\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u540e\u7eed\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed3\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53ca\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u5904\u7406\u5927\u578b\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u90a3\u4e9b\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u96c6\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u62d3\u6251\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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    \u5c06\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a2\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5851\u9020\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8bbe\u8ba1\u76ee\u6807\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u62d3\u6251\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u9884\u671f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7ea0\u6b63\u6709\u5173\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fe1\u606f\u6216\u662f\u534f\u8c03\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5f00\u53d1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8de8\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u975e\u793e\u4f1a\u56fe\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u6df1\u5bf9\u4eba\u7c7b\u3001\u5176\u5b83\u7269\u79cd\u53ca\u673a\u5668\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8de8\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u77e5\u76f8\u5173\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u542f\u53d1\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u667a\u80fd\u3002\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u591a\u4e3b\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5bf9\u201c\u590d\u6742\u795e\u7ecf\u67b6\u6784\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7f51\u7edc\u5171\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bf4\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u5316\u53ca\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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