{"id":35926,"date":"2022-07-18T22:35:21","date_gmt":"2022-07-18T14:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35926"},"modified":"2022-07-18T22:35:21","modified_gmt":"2022-07-18T14:35:21","slug":"%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%ef%bc%9a%e5%af%b9%e9%87%8d%e5%a4%8d%e6%80%a7%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%ba%8b%e4%bb%b6%e7%9a%84%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%a6%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35926","title":{"rendered":"\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u5bf9\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u6790"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Yuji Aruka, Belal Baaquie, Xiaosong Chen\u7b49 <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5305\u660a\u5bb8\u3001\u9648\u6e05\u534e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>\u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n


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Cliophysics: A scientific analysis of recurrent historical events<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u5730\u5740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1209\/0295-5075\/ac5cdd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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1.1 \u76ee\u6807<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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1.2 \u6d88\u9664\u8bef\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8981\u6c42\u662f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76<\/span>\uff08\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u662f\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u5e2e\u4e0d\u4e0a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5fd9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u5b9a\u5730\u8bc6\u522b\u5e0c\u683c\u65af\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\uff0c\u5927\u578b\u5f3a\u5b50\u5bf9\u649e\u673a<\/span>\uff08LHC\uff09<\/span>\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u884c\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u8db3\u591f\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7b97\u6cd5\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed9\u51fa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u662f\u6536\u96c6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u591a\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5fc5\u987b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u4ee5\u975e\u82f1\u8bed\u8bed\u8a00\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u6587\u3001\u4e2d\u6587\u3001\u6cd5\u6587\u3001\u65e5\u6587\u548c\u97e9\u6587\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u65879\u4f4d\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u975e\u82f1\u6587\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u56e2\u961f\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u5bf9\u5927\u91cf\u8de8\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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2\uff09\u7b80\u5355\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n


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\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4ece\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u501f\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e8c\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e09\u4f53\u95ee\u9898\u4e4b\u524d\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u524d\u88ab\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ea\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u5c06\u5728\u540e\u9762\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.3 \u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u9519\u5931\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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19\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6c83\u571f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u3002\u5b83\u4ee5\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u4e3a\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5305\u62ec\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e3e\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u5965\u53e4\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u5b54\u5fb7<\/span>\uff08Auguste Comte\uff0c1798-1857\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u6b7b\u540e\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5982\u6b27\u5185\u65af\u7279\u00b7\u96f7\u5357<\/span>\uff08Ernest Renan\uff0c1823-1892\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f9d\u6ce2\u5229\u7279\u00b7\u6cf0\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Hippolyte Taine\uff0c1828-1893\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u675c\u5c14\u51ef\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Emile Durkheim\uff0c1858-1917\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u201c\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u8bba\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u201d\u540e\u6765\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u540d\u7684\u4e66\u4e2d[2]\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u9f13\u821e\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u4e5f\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u3002\u57281894\u5e74\uff0c\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u62c9\u5eb7\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Paul Lacombe\uff09<\/span>*\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u8ba9\u5386\u53f2\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u300b\u7684\u4e66<\/span>\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a\u201cL’ histoire consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme science\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u6ca1\u6709\u9075\u5faa\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u6d82\u5c14\u5e72<\/span>\uff08\u00c9mile Durkheim\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u5fc3\u7406\u5bf9\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u683c\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e3b\u89c2\u5224\u65ad\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u5ba2\u89c2\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u539f\u6765\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u6700\u7ec8\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4eba\u8111\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u8111\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\n
\n
*\u53c2\u89c1: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Paul_Lacombe_(historian) <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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\u76f4\u52301970\u5e74\uff0c\u50cf\u9a6c\u514b\u00b7\u5e03\u6d1b\u8d6b<\/span>\uff08Marc Bloch\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8ba9-\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u8428\u7279<\/span>\uff08Jean-Paul Sartre\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8d39\u5c14\u5357\u5fb7\u00b7\u5e03\u52b3\u5fb7\u5c14<\/span>\uff08Fernand Braudel\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u76ae\u57c3\u5c14\u00b7\u8096\u52aa\u8fd9\u6837<\/span>\uff08PierreChaunu\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u53f2\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u62c9\u5eb7\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Paul Lacombe\uff09<\/span>\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b9e\u8bc1\u4e3b\u4e49\u5df2\u7ecf\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u53d1\u5c55\u52bf\u5934\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u5462\uff1f\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u6848\u4f8b\u5230\u590d\u6742\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u201c\u8ba1\u91cf\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u4f1a\u201d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u672c\u6587\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5458\u591a\u5e74\uff09<\/span>\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5efa\u6a21\u548c\u7edf\u8ba1\u5206\u6790\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u5524\u8d77\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4fdd\u7f57\u00b7\u62c9\u5eb7\u59c6\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\u5c31\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u91cd\u65b0\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.4 \u6709\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u521d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fc7\u4e8e\u96c4\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u3002\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u6807\u9898\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u627f\u8bfa\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u8fdb\u884c\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4ee5\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91cd\u590d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u73b0\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8bf4\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u91cd\u6f14\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u7269\u7406\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5085\u79d1\u6446\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5931\u8d25[2]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5085\u79d1\u6446\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6cd5\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u4e2d\u8d28\u5b50\u7684\u5bf9\u649e\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u786e\u4fdd\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u6027\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8bb0\u5f55\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5206\u6210\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u88681\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\u51e0\u8fd1\u4e3a\u96f6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5149\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u3001\u884c\u661f\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u8f68\u9053\u90fd\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6781\u5c11\u53d7\u5230\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u97f3\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bef\u5dee\u662f\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6d4b\u91cf\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u51cf\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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1.5 \u5bfb\u6c42\u7b80\u5355\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6210\u529f\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

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\u6570\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e3b\u4e49\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u81ea1900\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5c24\u5176\u76db\u884c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e5f\u6559\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u8bfe\u7a0b\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u8bfe\uff0c\u662f\u964d\u4f4e\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u4e0a\u4e00\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u88681 \u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u6c34\u5e73\u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
Table 1 The development of physics consisted in identifying patterns among increasing levels of noise<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u6761\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5f3a\u8c03\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u97f3\u7684\u5173\u952e\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u6210\u529f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0(\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u6d4b\u91cf\u8bef\u5dee\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u566a\u58f0\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u7684\u8bdd)\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d7\u5230\u6e4d\u6d41\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u6e4d\u6d41\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u968f\u673a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6216\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u6839\u636e\u6982\u7387\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4efb\u4f55\u6d4b\u91cf\u90fd\u8981\u5904\u7406\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/section>\n
\u88681\u4ec5\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u56e0\u7d20\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\uff0c\u88681\u53ef\u80fd\u663e\u5f97\u6709\u4e9b\u4e3b\u89c2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u4ece\u51e0\u4f55\u5149\u5b66\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u5177\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u3002\u987a\u5e26\u63d0\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6ce8\u610f\u4e24\u7c7b\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u6e90\u6027\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u56fa\u6709<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5185\u6e90\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u88681\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u4e86\u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u3002\u5728\u6d41\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3001\u6e17\u6d41\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u5185\u751f\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u53e6\u89c1\u8ba8\u8bba\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\u5728\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u4e0b\u6587\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8bfe\uff0c\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u5df2\u88ab\u7b80\u8981\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u4f46\u503c\u5f97\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u672c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u70ae\u7684\u5f39\u9053\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u6728\u677f\u4e0a\u6eda\u52a8\u7684\u5c0f\u7403\u3002\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u4ed6\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u8005\u7684\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u56f0\u96be\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5fc5\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4ee5\u5931\u8d25\u544a\u7ec8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u201d\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e00\u4e0b\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u6446\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5355\u6446\u7684\u5468\u671f\u3002\u5355\u6446\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5782\u76f4\u5e73\u9762\u5185\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7403\u5f62\u6446\u9524\u81f3\u5c11\u53d7\u516d\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u8d8b\u52bf\u5f71\u54cd\uff1aPuiseux\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u5085\u79d1\u6548\u5e94\u3001\u9644\u52a0\u8d28\u91cf\u6548\u5e94\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5141\u8bb8\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6548\u5e94\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u540c\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6574\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u5efa\u6a21[3]\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5982\u4f55\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u969c\u788d\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9488\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6765\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u9664\u4e86\u4ed6\u4eec\u60f3\u8981\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u5085\u79d1\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u957f\u7684\u6446<\/span>\uff0850\u7c73\u6216\u66f4\u957f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5426\u5219Puiseux\u6548\u5e94\u4f1a\u5e72\u6270\u5085\u79d1\u6548\u5e94\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u975e\u5e38\u968f\u673a\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u672c\u7740\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u9644\u52a0\u8d28\u91cf\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u7a7a\u6c14\u4e2d\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u6446\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u6548\u679c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u73b0\u8c61\u4f7f\u7528\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6311\u6218\u5728\u4e8e\u9009\u62e9\u51fa\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6700\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5c06\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5c0f\u8282\u4e2d\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u5982\u4f55\u51cf\u5c11\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\u660e\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec5\u75312\u4e2a\u62163\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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2. \u9002\u5408\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n

2.1 \u5b9a\u4e49\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5927\u7c7b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u91cc\uff0c\u533b\u5b66\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u7d27\u8feb\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u8017\u65f6\u6570\u767e\u5e74\u7684\u8270\u5de8\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u969c\u788d\u6765\u81ea\u8fd9\u6837\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d41\u611f\u60a3\u8005\u5e76\u4e0d\u90fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\uff0c\u800c\u6d41\u611f\u3001\u80ba\u708e\u548cCOVID-19\u7684\u75c7\u72b6\u662f\u5f88\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7597\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9762\u5bf9\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u5927\u7c7b\u3002\u88682\u662f\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u8fc8\u51fa\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65[4]\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6848\u4f8b\u96c6\u624d\u80fd\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u800c\u6709\u6210\u529f\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

2.2 \u603b\u89c8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u4e0a\u9762\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5173\u6ce8\u90a3\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u566a\u58f0\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5c11\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63d0\u5230\u4e24\u7c7b\u6848\u4f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u4f4e\u53ef\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u88682\u4e2d\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6b64\u7c7b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u8003\u8651\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u88682\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f1a\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u80af\u5b9a\u6ca1\u6709\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u843d\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u8868\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6bd4\u88682\u66f4\u5c11\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u91cd\u590d\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u88683\u4e2d\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u6781\u5176\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u843d\u4f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6027\u3002\u521d\u770b\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6709\u4e9b\u5947\u602a\u3002\u4f46\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u4ec5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e3\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u201c\u662f\/\u5426\u201d\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8868 2 \u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4e\u566a\u58f0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6848\u4f8b\u96c6<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
Table 2 Examples of clusters of low noise events<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u201c\u8611\u83c7\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u548c\u5de5\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u603b\u7f62\u5de5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u201c\u8611\u83c7\u7f62\u5de5\u201d\u662f\u57fa\u5c42\u5de5\u4eba\u76f8\u5f53\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff08\u5728Roehner\u548cSyme2002\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u62b5\u5236\u548c\u6297\u8bae\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u524d\u8005\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u4e0d\u88ab\u5c45\u6c11\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u3002\u6297\u8bae\u9a9a\u4e71\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u9a9a\u4e71\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f26\u6566\u7684\u6208\u767b\u9a9a\u4e71\uff081780\uff09\u662f\u53cd\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u9488\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u76d1\u72f1\u906d\u5230\u88ad\u51fb\u548c\u63a5\u7ba1\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u5148\u524d\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6062\u590d\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4e0a\u9762\u5217\u51fa\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff08\u7279\u522b\u662f2\u30013\u30014\uff09\u5df2\u5728\u6587\u732e[1]\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7403\uff0c\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u4ec5\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

2.3 \u9700\u8981\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u9002\u5408\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u7b80\u5355<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4ec5\u6d89\u53ca\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u53c2\u6570\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd8\u5e94\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u8981\u6c42\uff1a<\/span><\/section>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4efb\u4f55\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5f15\u8d77\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u8db3\u591f\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  • \n

    \u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u80fd\u9650\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u6bb5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


    <\/section>\n
    \u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7b26\u5408\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u653f\u8981\u7684\u5904\u51b3\u3002\u6073\u8bf7\u672c\u6587\u8bfb\u8005\u539f\u8c05\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8ffd\u7d22\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u53ef\u6015\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u624d\u7ed9\u540c\u65f6\u4ee3\u4eba\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u9002\u5f53\u5730\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5f53\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u56fd\u738b\u3001\u738b\u540e\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u77e5\u540d\u653f\u8981\u65f6\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u7c73\u5c14\u00b7\u675c\u5c14\u8d6b\u59c6<\/span>\uff08Emile Durkheim\uff09<\/span>\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u90a3\u6837[2]\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5b8c\u5168\u653e\u5f03\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u5426\u4ee4\u4eba\u6bdb\u9aa8\u609a\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6848\u4f8b\u662f\u5426\u7b80\u5355\u4e14\u6709\u636e\u53ef\u67e5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u51e0\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u5f88\u5947\u602a\u4e14\u65e0\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u963b\u6b62\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u8fdb\u3002\u6bd5\u7adf\uff0c\u5728\u7b2c\u8c37\u548c\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u6d4b\u91cf\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7531\u5360\u661f\u5bb6\u4e3b\u5bfc[5]\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u5929\u6587\u8868\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u8db3\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5b8c\u5168\u6401\u7f6e\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u505a\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e3b\u4e49\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u6548\u5e94\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u672c\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002\u4e00\u70b9\u4e00\u70b9\u5730\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4ea4\u53c9\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4f1a\u6269\u5927\u3002\u7c97\u6d45\u5730\u770b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5149\u7684\u6298\u5c04\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5f69\u8679\u73b0\u8c61\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6298\u5c04\u7406\u89e3\u5f69\u8679\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c06\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u65e2\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8d5e\u540c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u83b7\u5f97\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u80fd\u9014\u5f84\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ee5\u53ca\u70ed\u7231\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u975e\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    2.4 \u5904\u51b3\u653f\u8981\u7684\u4e60\u60ef\u505a\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u88683\u548c\u56fe1\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u77e5\u540d\u4eba\u58eb\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5217\u8868\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u5904\uff1f\u5173\u952e\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u5982\u679c\u5355\u72ec\u8003\u8651\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u7c7b\u6848\u4f8b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4efb\u4f55\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u76f8\u53cd\u5730\uff0c\u5bf9\u6848\u4f8b\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4f1a\u5f15\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n
    \u8bb8\u591a\u62a5\u9053\u90fd\u8bb2\u8ff0\u4e86\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u5973\u738b\u739b\u4e3d\u00b7\u65af\u56fe\u4e9a\u7279<\/span>\uff08Mary Stuart\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u751f\u5e73\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u5728\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e00\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u5979\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \u8868 3 \u5904\u51b3\u653f\u8981\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u53ef\u53d8\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    Table 3 Pattern versus variability in the execution of dignitaries<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

    \u6ce8\uff1a\u4ece\u9a6c\u5e93\u65af\u00b7\u897f\u585e\u7f57\uff08Cicero\uff09\u5230\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u6797\u6cfd\uff08Struensee\uff09\uff0c\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u51e0\u4e4e\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u6467\u6bc1\u66fe\u7ecf\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u8896\u3002\u5728\u5965\u5229\u5f17\u00b7\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\uff08Oliver Cromwell\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4f46\u65b9\u6cd5\u5374\u5927\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u57281661\u5e74\u514b\u4f26\u5a01\u5c14\u5df2\u7ecf\u6b7b\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u6b7b\u540e\u5904\u51b3\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5c38\u4f53\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u88ab\u4ece\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u6559\u5802\u6316\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5c38\u4f53\u7684\u5934\u9885\u88ab\u780d\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u5206\u88ab\u5207\u6210\u788e\u7247\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5c55\u793a\u5728\u5a01\u65af\u654f\u65af\u7279\u5385\u5c4b\u9876\u7684\u4e00\u6839\u6746\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u52301685\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u7b80\u00b7\u6ce2\u6797\uff08Jane Parker\uff0c\u662fAnne Boleyn\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\uff09\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u5230\u4e24\u4e2a\u6765\u6e90\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u65a7\u2013\u5251\uff08A\u2013S\uff09\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u201c\u65a9\u9996\u793a\u4f17\uff08head displayed\uff09\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5934\u88ab\u523d\u5b50\u624b\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u201c\u67ad\u9996\u793a\u4f17\uff08head exposed\uff09\u201d\u662f\u6307\u5934\u90e8\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5b89\u846c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u516c\u5171\u573a\u6240\u5c55\u793a\u3002\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u7684\u5934\u548c\u624b\u5c31\u88ab\u9489\u5728\u4e86\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u5e02\u5e7f\u573a\u7684\u8bb2\u575b\u4e0a\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u6ca1\u6709\u53d7\u5230\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u88ab\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5bf9\u624b\u5217\u5165\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u5217\u5165\u9ed1\u540d\u5355\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u6740\u6b7b\u3002\u4e28<\/span>\u6765\u6e90\uff1a[3]\u548c\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u4f20\u8bb0\u6587\u7ae0<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    Mary, Queen of Scots (8 Feb 1587)<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    Charles I (30 Jan 1649)<\/span><\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n
    Louis XVI (21 Jan 1793)<\/span><\/section>\n

    \u56fe1\uff1a\u5904\u51b3\u738b\u540e\u3001\u56fd\u738b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u5b98\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5411\u6c11\u4f17\u5c55\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5934\u9885\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u523d\u5b50\u624b\u88ab\u7279\u522b\u6307\u793a\u5728\u8bf4\u660e\u5904\u51b3\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u5c55\u793a\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u4eba\u7684\u5934\u90e8\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u53db\u5f92\u7684\u5934\u201d\uff09\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7279\u522b\u9002\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u7ec6\u5fae\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/section>\n

    \u5728\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u535a\u6797<\/span>\uff08Anne Boylen\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • \n
      \u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u535a\u6797\u662f\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4efb\u59bb\u5b50\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u8bb0\u5f55[4]\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u8ba1\u5212\u4e86\u65a9\u9996\u5979\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u66f4\u6709\u610f\u601d\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n

      \u5982\u679c\u53bb\u6389\u6ce2\u6797\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u53ef\u7591\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5b89\u59ae\u00b7\u535a\u6797\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u552f\u4e00\u88ab\u5251\u65a9\u9996\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u4ea8\u5229\u516b\u4e16\u7edf\u6cbb\u671f\u95f4\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u662f\u72ec\u4e00\u65e0\u4e8c\u7684\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u5904\u51b3[6]\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u5904\u51b3\u662f\u201c\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u201d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


      <\/section>\n
      \u5173\u4e8e\u88681\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ec5\u9650\u4e8e\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u65bd\u7279\u6797\u6cfd<\/span>\uff08Struensee\uff09<\/span>\u4f2f\u7235\u4e00\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u542f\u8499\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u6210\u4e3a\u738b\u540e\u7684\u60c5\u4eba\uff0c\u518d\u540e\u6765\u62c5\u4efb\u9996\u76f8\u4e00\u804c\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u65a9\u9996\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u53f3\u624b\u88ab\u780d\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u5c06\u5176\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u6b8b\u5fcd\u884c\u4e3a\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u8ba9\u5927\u5bb6\u5bf9\u897f\u585e\u7f57\u6848\u6709\u9519\u8bef\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e60\u60ef\u5728\u7f57\u9a6c\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u572818\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u8303\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u7f57\u9a6c\u6cd5\u548c\u53e4\u5178\u5efa\u7b51\u66f4\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

      <\/section>\n

      2.5 \u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u548c\u53db\u5f92\u7684\u547d\u8fd0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

      <\/span><\/section>\n

      21\u4e16\u7eaa\u524d\uff0c\u65a9\u9996\u88ab\u5f81\u670d\u7684\u654c\u4eba\u6216\u53db\u5f92\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u6267\u884c\u3002Roehner[5,p.56-57]\u5f15\u7528\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u653f\u8981\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5904\u51b3\u5e94\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\u3002\u5ffd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e00\u4f20\u7edf\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • \n
        \u5728\u4f26\u6566\u6865\u7684\u5357\u5cb8\u6709\u4e00\u5ea7\u5854\u53ebBridge Gate\uff0c\u5b83\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u9876\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4ece1300\u5e74\u52301678\u5e74\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u4e2a\u53db\u5f92\u7684\u5934\u9885<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u6258\u9a6c\u65af\u00b7\u83ab\u5c14\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u8d39\u820d\u5c14\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u5934\u9885\uff09<\/span>\u9489\u5728\u67f1\u5b50\u4e0a\u3002\u57281678\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u79fb\u5230\u4e86Temple Bar\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5934\u88ab\u6d78\u5165\u7126\u6cb9\u4e2d\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u5b58\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        1898\u5e749\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u57fa\u5947\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Kitchtener\uff09<\/span>\u5c11\u5c06<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u6765\u57281914\u5e74\u6388\u4e3a\u52cb\u7235\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u82cf\u4e39\u7684\u6069\u56fe\u66fc\u6218\u5f79\u4e2d\u6218\u8d25\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8fea\u6d3e\u7684\u8d77\u4e49\u519b\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u6398\u4e861885\u5e74\u5df2\u7ecf\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\u82cf\u4e39\u9886\u8896\u9a6c\u8d6b\u8fea<\/span>\uff08Mahdi\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u575f\u5893\u5e76\u5c06\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u9001\u5230\u4e86\u5f00\u7f57\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n

        \u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u5927\u9769\u547d[7]\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5df4\u58eb\u5e95\u72f1\u88ab\u4eba\u6c11\u5360\u9886\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u7763\u5fb7\u52b3\u5185<\/span>\uff08de Launay\uff09<\/span>\u4faf\u7235\u7684\u5934\u88ab\u6302\u5728\u6746\u9876\u6e38\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u666f\u8c61\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u7279\u5b9a\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e60\u60ef\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6db5\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n


        <\/h2>\n

        2.6 \u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bd8\u95ee\u7684\u6765\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u8fd9\u5e45\u666f\u8c61\u5f88\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5206\u6563\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u4ece\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u9769\u547d\u65b9\u9762\u5206\u5fc3\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fdb\u653b\u5df4\u58eb\u5e95\u72f1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u593a\u53d6\u5821\u5792\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u706b\u836f\u548c\u67aa\u652f\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff1a\u5fb7\u52b3\u5185\u88ab\u8981\u6c42\u4ea4\u51fa\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u62d2\u7edd\u540e\uff0c\u654c\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u624d\u5f00\u59cb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u62e5\u6709\u67aa\u652f\u751a\u81f3\u5927\u70ae\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u4e0e1780\u5e746\u6708\u5728\u4f26\u6566\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6208\u767b\u9a9a\u4e71\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u95ee\u9898\u4e86\u3002\u6587\u732e[6,7]\u5c06\u66b4\u5f92\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u624b\u6301\u201c\u5927\u68d2\u3001\u64ac\u68cd\u548c\u51ff\u5b50\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u5360\u9886\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u76d1\u72f1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982New gate\u76d1\u72f1\u3001Fleet\u76d1\u72f1\u3001King\u2019s Bench\u76d1\u72f1\u548cNew Goal\u76d1\u72f1\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u66b4\u5f92\u4e0d\u88ad\u51fb\u519b\u68b0\u5e93\u3001\u6d77\u519b\u5546\u5e97\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u6b66\u5668\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6208\u767b\u9a9a\u4e71\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u4f8b\u3002\u57281768\u5e745\u670810\u65e5\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5a01\u5c14\u514b\u65af\u66b4\u52a8\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c15,000\u540d\u624b\u65e0\u5bf8\u94c1\u7684\u793a\u5a01\u8005\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5ffd\u89c6\u7531\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u63a8\u52a8\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u9677\u5165\u6df1\u5751\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u6b63\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\u5c06\u5934\u9885\u6302\u5728\u9ad8\u5904\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u5bf9\u5df4\u9ece\u53db\u4e71\u5206\u5b50\u6709\u6b66\u88c5<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u56fd\u6c11\u8b66\u536b\u961f\u7ad9\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u8fb9\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        2.7 \u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u6848\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u540c\u6837\u7684\u601d\u8def\uff0c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u8bf4\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c6\u89d2\u5bfc\u81f4\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bef\u5224\u3002\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u5bbd\u5bb9\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u4e4b\u95f4\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5185\u6218\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c1588\u5e74\u7684\u5357\u7279\u6555\u4ee4<\/span>\uff08Edict of Nantes\uff09<\/span>\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u4e16\u4fd7\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u5bbd\u5bb9\u7684\u9053\u8def\u3002\u6cd5\u56fd\u5171\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u70ed\u70c8\u8d5e\u540c\u4ea8\u5229\u56db\u4e16\u56fd\u738b\u7b7e\u7f72\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u4ee4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u8d66\u6cd5\u4ee4\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53cd\u5e38\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u56fd<\/span>\uff08\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u5fb7\u56fd\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u745e\u5178\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e2d\u6700\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u6210\u5458\u83b7\u5f97\u56fd\u5bb6\u5c31\u4e1a\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u800c\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u6cd5\u5f8b\u66f4\u4e3a\u4e25\u5389\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u57281618\u5e74\uff0c\u5373\u5357\u7279\u6555\u4ee4\u9881\u5e03\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u5f92\u7684\u201c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u5177\u7834\u574f\u6027\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u524d\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u7136\u540e\uff0c\u57281685\u5e74\uff0c\u67ab\u4e39\u767d\u9732\u6555\u4ee4<\/span>\uff08Edict of Fontanebleau\uff09<\/span>\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u5357\u7279\u6555\u4ee4\u3002\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u64a4\u9500\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6cd5\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u53cd\u5bf9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5fcd\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6240\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u6700\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u8fdb\u5165\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u53ef\u80fd\u5224\u5904\u6b7b\u5211<\/span>\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u540d\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u5987\u5973\u786e\u5b9e\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u4eba\u683c\u5316\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bef\u5224\u3002\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6821\u6b63\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u63d0\u5021\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u89c2\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        3. \u68c0\u9a8c\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u5728\u4e8e\u6210\u529f\u5730\u68c0\u9a8c\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5b9a\u6027\u89c4\u5f8b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9884\u671f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89e3\u91ca\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u5bfc\u81f4\u5b9a\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u68c0\u9a8c\u8fd9\u79cd\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5927\u5bb6\u591a\u719f\u6089\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5148\u5c55\u793a\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        3.1 \u5982\u4f55\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u7531\u843d\u4f53\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4f3d\u5229\u7565<\/span>\uff081564-1642\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7b1b\u5361\u5c14<\/span>\uff081596-1650\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u60f3\u81ea\u5df1\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u81ea\u7531\u843d\u4f53\u73b0\u8c61\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u529b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4ece\u6bd4\u8428\u659c\u5854\u4e0a\u6295\u4e0b\u4e0d\u540c\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u7403\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u624b\u6bb5\u8f83\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6548\u679c\u4e0d\u4f73\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bf9\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u8fdb\u884c\u5de7\u5999\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u201c\u6781\u7aef\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u8868\u8ff0\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u6bd4\u8f83\u94c1\u6216\u6728\u5236\u6210\u7684\u7403\u7684\u4e0b\u843d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u66f4\u4e3a\u8fe5\u5f02\u7684\u7403\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u89c2\u5bdf(a)\u94c5\u7403\u3001(b)\u80a5\u7682\u6ce1\u548c(c)\u7fbd\u6bdb\u7684\u4e0b\u843d\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7269\u4f53\u4e0b\u843d\u4e2d\u67093\u79cd\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a(i)\u91cd\u529b\uff0c(ii)\u6d6e\u529b\u548c(iii)\u7a7a\u6c14\u7684\u6469\u64e6\u529b\u3002(a,b,c)\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u5206\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u4e09\u79cd\u529b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u4f46\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u62a5\u544a\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u672c\u53ef\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7acb\u5373\u4e86\u89e3\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        3.2 \u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u5206\u6790\u2014\u2014\u73af\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u5f71\u54cd\u4e3a\u4f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4<\/span>\uff08zone of influence\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5b8f\u89c2\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ec5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5f53\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6A\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6B\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4Ab\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u5728Ab\u4e2d\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\u5728B\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u6cd5\u79df\u754c\u62e5\u6709\u5b83\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u7a0d\u4f5c\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u6574\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u57c3\u53ca\u65e9\u5df2\u6b63\u5f0f\u72ec\u7acb\uff0c\u4f46\u57281952\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6A\u5728Ab\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08di<\/sub><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u4ece\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u65f6\u7684di<\/sub><\/span>=0%\u5230\u5c06\u5176\u53d8\u6210\u5c5e\u5730\u7684di=100%\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5c31\u82f1\u56fd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u5728\u57c3\u53ca\u670960%\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5370\u5ea6\u6709100%\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u76f4\u63a5\u7edf\u6cbb\u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        1954\u5e746\u67082\u65e5\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\u4e0a\uff0c\u603b\u7edf\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u5ba3\u5e03\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5c06\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6e56\u6cca\/\u5185\u6e56\u201d\u3002\u6697\u793a\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u52bf\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f\u81ea\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5360\u9886\u897f\u6d77\u5cb8<\/span>\uff081847\u5e74\u7f8e\u58a8\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u5f81\u670d\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5360\u636e\u9738\u6743\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece 1850 \u5e74\u5230 2010\u5e74\u524d\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u8fc4\u4eca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ecd\u662f\u73af\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u5730\u533a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u57281954\u5e74\u827e\u68ee\u8c6a\u5a01\u5c14\u603b\u7edf\u79f0\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5185\u6e56\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u5728\u72c4\u589e\u5982<\/span>\uff08Di\uff09<\/span>\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u4e66[8]\u548cBaaquie\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8bba\u6587[9]\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u6cbf\u5cb8\u7684di\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7f8e\u5173\u7cfb\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4ece1880\u5e74\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u6301\u7eed\u5165\u4fb5\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u3001\u82cf\u8054\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8003\u8651\u901a\u8fc7\u8c08\u5224\u5efa\u7acb\u4f19\u4f34\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u66f4\u504f\u5411\u653e\u624b\u8ba9\u519b\u961f\u53bb\u505a[8]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/span><\/section>\n
        \u73b0\u57282022\u5e74\uff0c\u8ddd\u79bbDi\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\u3001Baaquie\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u76f8\u5173\u8bba\u6587\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\u3002\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u4ecd\u4e0d\u660e\u6717\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u76f8\u5f53\u60b2\u89c2\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u76f8\u5173\u56fd\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u5c55\u751a\u81f3\u5c1d\u8bd5\u53bb\u76f8\u4e92\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u5c40\u52bf\u66f4\u52a0\u7d27\u5f20\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        3.3 \u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

        <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6587\u7ae0\u6216\u4e66\u7c4d\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\uff1a[10]\u3001[11]\u3001[12]\u3001[13]\u3001[14]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
        \n

        4. \u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0e\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u8d77\u6b65\u8270\u96be\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u51fa\u7248\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 2002 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u540e\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff09<\/span>\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u7528\u5b9a\u6027\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6570\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6216\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u662f\u5426\u80fd\u4e3a\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u76ee\u6807\uff1f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u572820\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u9645\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u201c\u56fd\u9645\u75be\u75c5\u5206\u7c7b(ICD)\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u56fd\u90fd\u540c\u610f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5206\u7c7b\u8ba1\u7b97\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u4eba\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e86\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u6570\u636e\u7684\u53d1\u5e03\u3002\u8be5\u5206\u7c7b\u6bcf\u5341\u5e74\u4fee\u8ba2\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7248\u672c\u5df2\u662fICD-11\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5206\u7c7b<\/span> (CRECE) <\/span>\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8be5\u5206\u7c7b\u5c06\u6269\u5c55\u672c\u6587\u88682\u6240\u793a\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfICD\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u533b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u4e00\u6837\uff0cCRECE\u5c06\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee3\u66ff\u4eb2\u8eab\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9644\u5f55A\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8ba4\u53ef\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e00\u4e0b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u672c\u9644\u5f55\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u8282\u53ef\u80fd\u6d89\u53ca\u592a\u591a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5b9a\u4e49\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u96c6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u5e76\u5bfc\u5f15\u51fa\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u52a1\u5fc5\u7262\u8bb0\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u9644\u5f55 A. \u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3\uff1a\u6548\u5fe0\u6d3e\u7684\u547d\u8fd0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


        <\/section>\n
        \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u72ec\u7acb\u6218\u4e89\u671f\u95f4\u7ad9\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u4e00\u8fb9\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6548\u5fe0\u6d3e\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4ed6\u4eec\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u5927\u82f1\u6b96\u6c11\u5e1d\u56fd\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u533a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u4e0a\u7684\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\uff0c\u5373\u62d2\u7edd\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5f53\u745e\u5178\u572816\u4e16\u7eaa\u6210\u4e3a\u65b0\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u4fe1\u5949\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u7684\u4eba\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u201c\u4fdd\u7687\u6d3e\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u559c\u6b22\u548c\u65b0\u6559\u516c\u6c11\u6709\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u9003\u5230\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u6559\u5f92\u3001\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u548c\u4e0d\u58a8\u5b88\u6210\u89c4\u7684\u6559\u6d3e\u6210\u5458\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\uff1a\u6e05\u6559\u5f92\u79fb\u5c45\u5230\u9a6c\u8428\u8bf8\u585e\u5dde\uff0c\u8d35\u683c\u4f1a\u6559\u5f92\u5219\u79fb\u5c45\u5bbe\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u6216\u65b0\u6cfd\u897f\u5dde\uff0c\u800c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5f92\u79fb\u5c45\u9a6c\u91cc\u5170\u5dde\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u9664\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u653f\u6cbb\u52a8\u8361\u3002\u4f8b\u59821688\u82f1\u56fd\u5149\u8363\u9769\u547d\u30011789\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u30011917\u5e74\u4fc4\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u30011949\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u9769\u547d\u30011952\u5e74\u57c3\u53ca\u9769\u547d\u30011962\u5e74\u963f\u5c14\u53ca\u5229\u4e9a\u9769\u547d\u30011975\u5e74\u57c3\u585e\u4fc4\u6bd4\u4e9a\u9769\u547d\u30011979\u5e74\u4f0a\u6717\u9769\u547d\u30011992\u5e74\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u9769\u547d\uff0c2021\u5e74\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u653f\u6743\u66f4\u8fed\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u90fd\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ab\u65b0\u653f\u6743\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u88ab\u6ca1\u6536\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u88ab\u6740\uff1f\u79fb\u6c11\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\uff1f\u51e0\u5e74\u540e\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u56de\u6765\u4e86\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56f0\u96be\u662f\u627e\u5230\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u5e78\u8fd0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u73b0\u5728\u6709\u4e86\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u53d8\u5f97\u6bd4\u8fc7\u53bb\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u5e94\u8be5\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u641c\u7d22\u4ecd\u7136\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u3001\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u8010\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n


        <\/h1>\n
        \n
        \n
        \n

        \u8bd1\u8005\u8bf4\u660e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

        \n


        <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

        \u672c\u6587\u2014\u2014\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u7269\u7406\u5b66\uff1a\u5bf9\u91cd\u590d\u6027\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u6790 (Cliophysics\uff1aAscien-tificanalysis of recurrent historical events) \u201d\u662fBertrand M. Roehner\u6559\u6388\u4f5c\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u520a\u51fa\u5728\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u7269\u7406\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\uff0c\u5f15\u7528\u65b9\u5f0fAruka,Y., Baaquie,B., Chen,X., Di,Z., Kim,B., Richmond,P., …&Yang,Y.(2022). Cliophysics: A scientific analysis of recurrent historical events. Europhysics Letters,138(2),22004.\u3002\u672c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u7248\u672c\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\u6765\u81ea\u4e8eRoehner\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e0earXiv\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2112.05225\u5927\u4f53\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u76f8\u5bf9\u520a\u53d1\u5728\u300a\u6b27\u6d32\u7269\u7406\u5feb\u62a5\u300b\u4e0a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u9002\u5408\u9605\u8bfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        Roehner\u6559\u6388\u4efb\u804c\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u5df4\u9ece\u7d22\u90a6\u5927\u5b66\u56fd\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b66\u8005\u3002\u81ea2009\u81f32020\uff0c\u8fde\u7eed\u6bcf\u5e74\u534f\u52a9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6307\u5bfc\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u5b9e\u9a8c\u79d1\u5b66\u7ade\u8d5b\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u5927\u91cf\u6821\u5185\u5916\u540c\u5b66\u53c2\u52a0\u3002Roehner\u6559\u6388\u662f\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c06\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f88\u6709\u6781\u5927\u7684\u70ed\u60c5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u8005\u4e00\u8d77\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002Roehner\u6559\u6388\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ed6\u5199\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u672c\u6587\u5c61\u6b21\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u300aUSA-China:   cooperation  or confrontation?   An  illustration  of  how  to  conduct  a  scientific  analysis  of  historical  events\u300b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u4e3a\u6b64\u6587\u7684\u84dd\u672c\uff0c\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8f7d\u9605\u8bfb\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u7531\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\u72c4\u589e\u5982\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5316\u5de5\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u674e\u777f\u742a\u7b49\u4eba\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e3a\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u547d\u540d\u4e3a\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u770b\u5386\u53f2\u2013\u5982\u4f55\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u5206\u6790\u5386\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u300b\uff0c\u5404\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0b\u8f7d<\/span>\uff08http:\/\/www.lpthe.jussieu.fr\/\u223croehner\/prch.php\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95eeRoehner\u6559\u6388\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u9875<\/span>\uff08https:\/\/www.lpthe.jussieu.fr\/\u223croehner\/\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f60\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0Roehner\u6559\u6388\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bba\u8457\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u672c\u6587\u7531\u5305\u660a\u5bb8\u548c\u9648\u6e05\u534e<\/span>\u7ffb\u8bd1\uff0c\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u5ba1\u6821\u3002\u5305\u660a\u5bb8\u73b0\u5c31\u8bfb\u4e8e\u9a6c\u5c14\u5821\u5927\u5b66<\/span> (Philipps-Universit\u00e4t Marburg)<\/span>\uff1b\u9648\u6e05\u534e\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u5317\u4eac\u5e08\u8303\u5927\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u79d1\u5b66\u5b66\u9662\uff1b\u5218\u57f9\u6e90\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e8e\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u3002\u611f\u8c22Roehner\u6559\u6388\u540c\u610f\u6211\u4eec\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6b64\u6587\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u611f\u8c22\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u534f\u52a9\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u548c\u4f20\u64ad\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c3d\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u5b66\u672f\u6027\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6216\u8005\u53e5\u5b50\u9644\u4e0a\u4e86\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587\uff0c\u56fe\u548c\u8868\u672a\u505a\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u8bd1\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u656c\u8bf7\u8c05\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u53d1\u9001email\u81f3qinghuachen@bnu.edu.cn\u8054\u7cfb\u6307\u6b63\uff0c\u4e07\u5206\u611f\u8c22\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

        <\/section>\n
        \u6ce8\u91ca<\/strong><\/span>
        <\/section>\n
        [1] \u5728\u5317\u6781\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6446\u5e73\u9762\u5728 24 \u5c0f\u65f6\u5185\u5b8c\u6210 360 \u5ea6\u7684\u65cb\u8f6c\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5927\u7ea6 35 \u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u9700\u8981\u65e0\u9650\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6446\u5e73\u9762\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8f6c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        [2] <\/span>Roehner\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u4e0a\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u676f\u53ef\u4e50\u7684\u5347\u6e29\u201d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u51b0\u7bb1\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u74f6\u53ef\u4e50\uff0c\u5012\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eb8\u676f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u7eb8\u676f\u653e\u5728\u4e86\u9910\u684c\u4e0a\u9633\u5149\u80fd\u7167\u5230\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u8ba9\u53ef\u4e50\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5347\u6e29\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u867d\u7136\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u773c\u5149\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5374\u5f02\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5728\u7eb8\u676f\u8868\u9762\u548c\u53ef\u4e50\u7684\u4e0a\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u9633\u5149\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\uff1b\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u624d\u5b8c\u5168\u641e\u61c2\u4e86\u7535\u78c1\u8f90\u5c04\u5982\u4f55\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u70ed\u80fd\uff08\u7ef4\u6069\u6cd5\u5219\uff0cWien’s law\uff09\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u70ed\u80fd\u7531\u7eb8\u676f\u4f20\u5bfc\u5230\u6db2\u4f53\uff1b\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5f53\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u76f4\u523019\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u70ed\u4f20\u5bfc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u624d\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5411\u9633\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u53ef\u4e50\u5347\u6e29\u6bd4\u8f83\u5feb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5728\u53ef\u4e50\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5bf9\u6d41\uff1b\u6d41\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7eb3\u7ef4-\u65af\u6258\u514b\u65af\u65b9\u7a0b\uff08Navier-Stokes\uff09\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u628a\u5bf9\u6d41\u73b0\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u7a0b\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fd1\u4f3c\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
        [3] <\/span>\u5728\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u661f\u8868\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u540c\u6837\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u60f3\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u53cc\u661f\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u661f\u8868\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u624d\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002
        <\/span><\/section>\n
        [4] <\/span>\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u795e\u5723\u7f57\u9a6c\u5e1d\u56fd\u7687\u5e1d\u7684\u5b98\u65b9\u5360\u661f\u5bb6\u3002
        <\/span><\/section>\n
        [5] <\/span>\u5728\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u8d77\u4e49\u7684 \u201c\u6c42\u6069\u5de1\u793c\uff08Pilgrimage of Grace\uff09\u201d \u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u6709 200 \u540d\u8d35\u65cf\u88ab\u5904\u51b3\u3002
        <\/span><\/section>\n
        [6] <\/span>\u9769\u547d\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5bf9\u6297\u4e2d\u519b\u961f\u7ad9\u5728\u8d77\u4e49\u8005\u4e00\u8fb9\u3002
        <\/span><\/section>\n
        [7] <\/span>\u5927\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u8bb0\u5f97\uff0c1951\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u675c\u9c81\u95e8\u603b\u7edf\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u5c06\u519b\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8ba1\u5212\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c30\u523050\u679a\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u201d\u5c06\u6295\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u53c2\u89c11954\u5e74\u5bf9\u9ea6\u514b\u963f\u745f\u7684\u91c7\u8bbf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91c7\u8bbf\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u540e\u76841964\u5e744\u67089\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u201c\u7ebd\u7ea6\u65f6\u62a5\u201d\u4e0a\uff08p.16)\u3002<\/span>
        <\/section>\n


        <\/p>\n


        <\/section>\n
        \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
        1. Roehner (B.M.), Syme (T.) 2002: Pattern and repertoire in history. Harvard University Press, Cambridge (Mass.).<\/span><\/section>\n
        2. [An updated version is available at: http:\/\/www.lpthe.jussieu.fr\/\u223croehner\/prh.pdf] <\/span>Durkheim (E.) 1894: Les r\u00e8gles de la m\u00e9thode sociologique. Flammarion, Paris. <\/span>[The book has been translated into English under the title: \u201cThe methodological rules of sociology\u201d. <\/span>Both the French and the English version are freely available on Internet.]<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/section>\n
        3. Fraser (A.) 1969: Mary, Queen of Scots. Weidenfeld and Nicholson, London.<\/span><\/section>\n
        4. Alberge (D.) 2020: Chilling find shows how Henry VIII planned every detail of Boleyn beheading. The Guardian 25 October 2020.<\/span><\/section>\n
        5. Roehner (B.) 2007: Coh\u00e9sion sociale. Odile Jacob, Paris.<\/span><\/section>\n
        6. Rud\u00e9 (G.) 1955: The Gordon riots. A study of the rioters and their victims. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 11 June 1955, p.93-114.<\/span><\/section>\n
        7. Rud\u00e9 (G.), Harvey (J.K.) 1964, 2000: Revolutionary Europe, 1783-1815. John Wiley and Sons.<\/span><\/section>\n
        8. Di (Z.), Li (R.), Roehner (B.M.) 2017: USA-China: cooperation or con- frontation. A case study in analytical history (in Chinese). <\/span>[This book can be read at the following address: http:\/\/www.lpthe.jussieu.fr\/\u223croehner\/prch.php]<\/span><\/section>\n
        9. Baaqui (B.E.), Richmond (P.), Roehner (B.M.), Wang (Q.-H.) 2019: The <\/span>future of US-China relations: a scientific investigation. China and the World. Ancient and Modern Silk Road 2,1,1-53.<\/span><\/section>\n
        10. Baaqui (B.E.), Wang (Q.-H.) 2018: Chinese dynasties and modern China. Unification and fragmentation. China and the World, Ancient and Modern Silk Road 1,1,1-43.<\/span><\/section>\n
        11. Bloch (M.) 1924: Les rois thaumaturges. \u00c9tude sur le caract\u00e8re surnaturel attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la puissance royale particuli\u00e8rement en France et en Angleterre. Istra, Paris. <\/span>Translated into English under the title: The royal touch. Sacred monarchy and scrofula in England and France. Routledge 1974.<\/span><\/section>\n
        12. Roehner (B.M.) 1997a: Jesuits and the state. A comparative study of their expulsions (1520-1990). Religion 27,165-182.<\/span><\/section>\n
        13. Roehner (B.M.) 1997b: Spatial determinants of separatism. Swiss Journal of Sociology 23,1,25-59.<\/span><\/section>\n
        14. Roehner (B.M.), Rahilly (L.) 2002: Separatism and integration. A study in analytical history. Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham (Maryland).<\/span><\/section>\n


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        \u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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        \u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
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        \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n