{"id":35967,"date":"2022-07-20T18:16:57","date_gmt":"2022-07-20T10:16:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35967"},"modified":"2022-07-20T18:16:57","modified_gmt":"2022-07-20T10:16:57","slug":"%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e4%bc%97%e5%a4%9a%e7%ab%9e%e4%ba%89%e7%9a%84%e6%84%8f%e8%af%86%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e7%9b%b8%e4%ba%92%e5%85%b3%e8%81%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35967","title":{"rendered":"\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u4f17\u591a\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Anil K. Seth & Tim Bayne<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u674e\u8def\u51ef\u3001\u9648\u65af\u4fe1<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Theories of consciousness<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41583-022-00587-4<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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20\u4e16\u7eaa90\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u67e5\u9ed8\u65af (David Chalmers) \u533a\u5206\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u56f0\u96be\u201d\u548c\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u201d\u95ee\u9898[164]\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff08\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\uff09\u4f53\u9a8c\u3002\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u662f\u201c\u89e3\u91ca\u9e3f\u6c9f\u201d[165]\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u7269\u7406\u6216\u529f\u80fd\u672f\u8bed\u5bf9\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b8c\u5168\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u4e9b\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u76f4\u63a5\u7740\u624b\u5904\u7406\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u7740\u624b\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u91c7\u7528\uff09\u65e8\u5728\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u6709\u5173\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u73b0\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u6027[67]\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u201d[13, 166]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u5f53\u7531\u79d1\u5b66\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5417\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u89e3\u51b3\uff1f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u5e94\u5f53\u88ab\u6401\u7f6e\u7684\u4eba\u7ecf\u5e38\u4e89\u8fa9\u8bf4\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u81ea\u8eab\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u201c\u73b0\u8c61\u6982\u5ff5\u201d\uff09\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u6027\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96be\u9898\u7684\u51fa\u73b0[167,168]\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u73b0\u8c61\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001[14,15]\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u89e3\u91ca\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u589e\u5f3a\uff0c\u56f0\u96be\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u6ca1\u90a3\u4e48\u68d8\u624b[166,169]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\u88681\u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u4f17\u591aToC\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u4f17\u591aToC\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u8bc1\u4f2a\u4ece\u800c\u88ab\u653e\u5f03\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u964d\u53cd\u589e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u73b0\u6709\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u4e92\u6574\u5408[16]\uff0c\u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u5bf9\u6297\u5f0f\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u3002\u5728\u201c\u5bf9\u6297\u5f0f\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u6216\u7834\u574f\u67d0\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4[17]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u6574\u5408\u548c\u201c\u5bf9\u6297\u5f0f\u5408\u4f5c\u201d\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n

\u8868\u683c1 | \u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u9009\u96c6<\/span><\/p>\n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u6838\u5fc3\u89c2\u70b9<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5173\u952e\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u5bf9\u4f4e\u9636\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u8868\u5f81\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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31,46<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9ad8\u9636\u8868\u5f81\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u8868\u5f81<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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34,140<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u53d7\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u5f81\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u653e\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u8868\u5f81\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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141,142<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u70b9\u706b\u5e76\u5e7f\u64ad\u5230\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8fdb\u5165\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u989d\u53f6\u4e0e\u9876\u53f6\u627f\u62c5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u67a2\u7ebd\u822c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
47\u201349<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u5927\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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57,59,60<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u95ed\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u4fe1\u606f\u95ed\u5408\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u6c34\u5e73<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
143<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u52a8\u6001\u6838\u5fc3\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u96c6\u7fa4\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u6574\u5408\u4e0e\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
144<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u7406\u5851\u9020\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u4f9d\u8d56\u578b\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u590d\u9988\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
145,146<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u590d\u9988\u6216\u5faa\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u80fd\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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65,71<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u611f\u77e5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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67,73,79<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u591a\u7ea7\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8868\u793a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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84<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u65ad<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u81ea\u4e3b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5e8f\u7684\u548c\u53cd\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
76;\u53e6\u89c191<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u91ce\u517d\u673a\u5668\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u4ee5\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ee5\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u63a7\u5236\u4e3a\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u63a8\u7406<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
13,75,77;\u53e6\u89c190<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e3b\u89c2\u67b6\u6784<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u89c6\u89d2\u8eab\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u56fe\u8c31<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
24<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u81ea\u6211\u6d6e\u73b0\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5185\u7a33\u6001\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u5185\u611f\u53d7\u56fe\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u611f\u89c9\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
23,147<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u56fe\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f16\u7801\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
148<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u591a\u91cd\u8349\u7a3f\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u591a\u4e2a\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u3001\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u8868\u793a<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
149<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u8fd0\u52a8\u7a81\u53d1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u89c4\u5f8b\u7684\u638c\u63e1<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
88<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u65e0\u9650\u8054\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u590d\u5408\u548c\u975e\u53cd\u5c04\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
150<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u6811\u7a81\u6574\u5408\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u6574\u5408<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
151<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u5c31\u662f\u7f16\u7801\u5728\u5927\u8111\u7535\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6574\u5408\u7684\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
152<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u8c03\u8c10\u5ba2\u89c2\u8fd8\u539f\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5185\u7684\u5fae\u7ba1\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n
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18<\/span><\/section>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
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\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e86ToC\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u660e\u4e86\u51e0\u6761\u53d1\u5c55\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u76f8\u4e92\u652f\u6301\u548c\u4fc3\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfb\u627e\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u90a3\u4e9b\u672c\u8eab\u4ee5\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u5408\u7406\u5730\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5305\u542b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201dToC\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u6216\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\u7b49\u62bd\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u62bd\u8c61\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u5efa\u7acb\u8054\u7cfb\u800c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u8003\u8651\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u7269\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u76f4\u63a5\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982[18,19]\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e8c\u3001\u9884\u5907\u77e5\u8bc6<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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ToC\u4e4b\u95f4\u201c\u9e21\u540c\u9e2d\u8bb2\u201d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684ToC\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u5728ToC\u5e94\u8be5\u89e3\u91ca\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0a\u7ecf\u5e38\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4eba\u79f0\u4f53\u9a8c\u201d\u6216\u201c\u4e3b\u89c2\u77e5\u89c9\u201d\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5faa\u73af\u5b9a\u4e49\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u672f\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206\u548c\u9650\u5b9a\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u611f\u89c9\u201d<\/span>\uff08something it is like\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u67d0\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6[20]\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u8d77\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u201d<\/span>\uff08what it is like\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u5c3d\u7684ToC\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u4e3b\u89c2\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u89c9\u9192\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6709\u5173\u3002\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u5305\u62ec\u6e05\u9192\u3001\u505a\u68a6\u3001\u9547\u9759\u3001\u6700\u4f4e\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u8ff7\u5e7b\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u65f6\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u5355\u4e00\u7ef4\u5ea6\u4e0a\u88ab\u5b8c\u6574\u5730\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u9002\u5408\u5728\u591a\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0[21]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\u6216\u5177\u6709\u201c\u611f\u8d28<\/span>\uff08qualia\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u88ab\u201c\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u611f\u89c9\u8d77\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u201d\u6240\u523b\u753b\u3002\u5934\u75db\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u95fb\u5496\u5561\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5934\u75db\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4e0e\u95fb\u5496\u5561\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5c42\u7ea7\u7684\u9897\u7c92\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u989c\u8272\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u5355\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u518d\u5230\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u591a\u6a21\u6001\u573a\u666f\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u81ea\u6211\u4f53\u9a8c\u5305\u62ec\u60c5\u7eea\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u62e5\u6709\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3001\u660e\u6670\u7684\u81ea\u4f20\u4f53\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7b49[13, 22-24]\u3002\u867d\u7136\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u5177\u6709\u611f\u89c9\u548c\u611f\u77e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u610f\u8bc6\u8fd8\u5305\u62ec\u5177\u6709\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u547d\u9898\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u89e3\u51b3\u586b\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u5e76\u975e\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u573a\u666f\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u88ab\u7ed1\u5b9a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77[25, 26]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u662f\u6307\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u201c\u611f\u89c9\u8d77\u6765\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u201d\u3002\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u83b7\u5f97\u597d\u5904\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6027\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u627f\u62c5\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u5305\u62ec\u76ee\u7684\u8bba\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u7531\u8fdb\u5316\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u548c\u90e8\u7f72\u6027\u529f\u80fd\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u5b83\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u66f4\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1b\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e 27\uff09<\/span>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u770b\u5230\u5496\u5561\u676f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7075\u6d3b\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u676f\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ece\u676f\u5b50\u91cc\u559d\u6c34\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u5b83\u6254\u5230\u623f\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u5934\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e8b\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u60c5\u666f\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u53e3\u5934\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u533a\u5206\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5c5e\u6027\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u76f8\u4e92\u72ec\u7acb<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ea\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a ToC \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b ToC \u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bd5\u56fe\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u533a\u522b\u662fToC\u53ef\u80fd\u8bd5\u56fe\u56de\u7b54\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u201c\u5185\u5bb9\u201d\uff09\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5904\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u5177\u6709\u5b83\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u6bcf\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u90fd\u63a5\u6536\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u523a\u6fc0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53f3\u773c\u5448\u73b0\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u5de6\u773c\u5448\u73b0\u4eba\u8138\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u5728\u5de6\u773c\u523a\u6fc0\u548c\u53f3\u773c\u523a\u6fc0\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u66ff[28]\u3002\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u4eba\u8138\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u523b\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u623f\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u201c\u4eba\u8138\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u95ee\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u623f\u5b50\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u5177\u6709\u5b83\u4eec\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5177\u6709\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u8138\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u94c3\u94db\u54cd\u6216\u611f\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u65f6\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u611f\u77e5\u6216\u8c03\u8282\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u80fd\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u6574\u5408\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u573a\u666f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u5185\u5bb9\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u60c5\u666f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u662f\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5927\u591a\u6570ToC\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8bd5\u56fe\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u6211\u4eec\u521a\u521a\u9610\u660e\u7684\u6240\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u6216\u8bb8\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u52aa\u529b\u770b\u505a\u8fc8\u5411\u8be6\u5c3d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u867d\u7136\uff0c\u53ea\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c40\u9650\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u6784\u6210\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00ToC\u7684\u6279\u9a73\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u610f\u5473\u7740\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u6bd4\u8f83\u53d8\u5f97\u6ca1\u6709\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\u800c\u76f4\u63a5\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u9488\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4d\u4e00\u770b\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u50cf\u201c\u5bf9\u624b\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u672c\u6587\u56de\u987e\u7684ToC\u5206\u4e3a\u56db\u7c7b\uff1a\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08HOT\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08GWT\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba<\/span>\uff08IIT\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u867d\u7136\u67d0\u4e9b\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u65e0\u6cd5\u5408\u7406\u5730\u5f52\u5165\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u8868\u683c 1\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u56db\u5206\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u73b0\u72b6<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68462\uff1b\u5173\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u7ec4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u89c1[29]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e9b\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u7c7b\u522b\u5185\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u660e\u6700\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6839\u636e\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9bToC\u5982\u4f55\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u63a8\u52a8\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u826f\u6027\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\n
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\n
\u65b9\u68462<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6848\uff1a\u6ce8\u610f\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u60c5\u611f<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


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\u9664\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u88681\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cGraziano\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u56fe\u5f0f\u7406\u8bba\uff08attention schema theory\uff09\u5c06\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u4e0e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[148]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u5f81\u7406\u8bba\uff08attended intermediate representational theory\uff09\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u9996\u5148\u7531Jackendoff[141]\u63d0\u51fa\u5e76\u7531Prinz[142]\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u7ea7\u611f\u77e5\u8868\u5f81\u83b7\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u5411\u4fa7\u91cd\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u3002\u6bd4\u5982Jablonka\u548cGinsburg\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u201c\u65e0\u9650\u8054\u60f3\u5b66\u4e60\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6700\u5c0f\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u673a\u5236\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5c06\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u4e0e\u65b0\u9896\u3001\u590d\u5408\u548c\u975e\u53cd\u5c04\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u6216\u52a8\u4f5c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[150]\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u53e0\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982Cleeremans\u7248\u672c\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba[34,140]\u548cLamme\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba\uff08local recurrency account\uff09\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5faa\u73af\u4fe1\u53f7\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6[65]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0e\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u56e2\u7c07\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[145,146]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u57fa\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5f3a\u8c03\u5927\u8111\u5728\u751f\u7406\u8c03\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u6bd4\u5982Damasio\u8ba4\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u751f\u7406\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u5206\u5c42\u5d4c\u5957\u8868\u5f81[147,170]\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5c06\u60c5\u611f\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u5bfc\u5411\u7684\u5185\u611f\u53d7\u9884\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c[13,77,90]\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5426\u8ba4\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u673a\u5236\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u673a\u5236\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u8111\u5e72\u4e2d[171,172]\uff08\u53cd\u5bf9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u53e6\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e 173\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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1. \u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6240\u6709\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08HOT\uff09<\/span>\u5171\u6709\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u67d0\u79cd\u7cbe\u795e\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u67d0\u79cd\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\u6307\u5411\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6307\u5728\u5c42\u6b21\u5316\u5904\u7406\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u4f4d\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u5c42\u6216\u66f4\u6df1\u5c42\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6307\u4ee5\u5176\u5b83\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u6307\u5411\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u8868\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6b63\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u70b9\u201d\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5143\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6d89\u53ca\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e0d\u540cHOT\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u533a\u522b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8d23\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u67d0\u4e9bHOT\u53d1\u73b0\u67d0\u4e9b\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u5bf9\u5305\u542b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u7c7b\u4f3c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981[30-32]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9bHOT\u5219\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u5927\u8111\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u4f4e\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u7f16\u7801\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u91cd\u65b0\u7f16\u7801\u6210\u5143\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u6709\u5173[33, 34]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9ad8\u9636\u72b6\u6001\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u62a5\u544a<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bf8\u5982\u201c\u6211\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u4e86X\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u611f\u77e5\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span>\uff08\u9ad8\u9636\uff09<\/span>\u51b3\u7b56[35]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u73b0\u5b9e\u76d1\u6d4b\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08perceptual reality monitoring\uff09<\/span>\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5f53\u9ad8\u9636\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e00\u9636\u8868\u5f81\u5f53\u505a\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u53cd\u6620\u65f6\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u611f\u77e5\u5c31\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f[36, 37]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0cHOT\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6709\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u4f46\u4e0b\u8ff0HOT\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u80fd\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u6709\u5173\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd<\/span>\uff08\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u611f\u77e5\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u901a\u5e38\u8d85\u8fc7\u201c\u4e00\u9636\u201d\u611f\u5b98\u8868\u5f81\u4e2d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5468\u8fb9\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c[38,39]\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8eHOT\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5468\u8fb9\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u201c\u81a8\u80c0\u201d\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u9636\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u8868\u5f81\u9519\u8bef\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002HOT\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fd8\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u5fc5\u7136\u4f34\u968f\u6709\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u3002HOT\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6839\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u5143\uff09<\/span>\u8868\u5f81\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662fHOT\u80fd\u5426<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u679c\u80fd\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\uff09<\/span>\u89e3\u91ca\u5404\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6b23\u8d4f\u65e5\u843d\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u5934\u75db\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\uff1f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0cHOT\u7684\u56de\u5e94\u5927\u4f53\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u7531\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8fd9\u7c7b\u89e3\u91ca\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0a[40]\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001[41]\u548c\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u4fe1\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684[42, 43]\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u5b8c\u5168\u8fd8\u539f\u8bba\u7248\u7684HOT\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5404\u79cd\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u8868\u5f81\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u6700\u521d\u5982\u4f55\u4f7f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5448\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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HOT\u4e3b\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u63d0\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9bHOT\u6de1\u5316\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u89c2\u70b9[44]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7248\u672c\u7684HOT\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4fe1\u5ff5\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u9519\u8bef\u76d1\u6d4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6765\u9274\u522b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528[45]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1HOT\u5141\u8bb8\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u4f34\u968f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u5224\u65ad\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u663e\u5f0f\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u76d1\u6d4b\u6216\u4e3b\u89c2\u4fe1\u5ff5\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6570HOT\u5e76\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5fc5\u7136\u4f34\u968f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u82e5\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u60f3\u8981\u88ab\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u6210\u4e3a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4ece\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\u89d2\u5ea6\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u5bf9\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u7740\u91cd\u5173\u6ce8\u5bfc\u81f4HOT\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u4eec\u7740\u91cd\u5f3a\u8c03\u524d\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u524d\u989d\u53f6[30]\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u591a\u6570HOT\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u534a\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u8111\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5177\u4f53\u54ea\u4e9b\u533a\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u5206\u6b67[46]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe1\uff1a\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba\uff08HOT\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u6307\u5411\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f4e\u9636\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u5728\u88ab\u6b63\u786e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u6240\u6307\u5411\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u3002\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662fHOT\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6027\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5339\u914d\u65f6[30,100]\u3002\u5c06\u5143\u8ba4\u77e5\u4e0e\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u533a\u57df\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u75c5\u53d8\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4e5f\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u652f\u6301HOT[153]\u3002HOT\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u524d\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u65e0\u5173[108, 154]\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u89c2\u62a5\u544a\u548c\u6267\u884c\u63a7\u5236\u800c\u5b58\u5728[6]\u3002<\/span>
<\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
2. \u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08GWT\uff09<\/span>\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9ed1\u677f\u201d\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u9ed1\u677f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e2d\u592e\u8d44\u6e90\u5e93\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e13\u7528\u5904\u7406\u5668\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u63a5\u6536\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2aGWT[47]\u662f\u5728\u8ba4\u77e5\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u53ef\u7528\u201d\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u80fd\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u3001\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u53e3\u5934\u62a5\u544a\u3002GWT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u5229\u7528\u6027\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u4e3b\u5f20\u540e\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u6210\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u201d\u2014\u2014\u6839\u636e\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f53\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u201c\u5e7f\u64ad\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8be5\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8054\u5408\u76ae\u8d28\u5185\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\uff09<\/span>\u524d\u989d\u53f6[48, 49]\u3002\u5bf9\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7f51\u7edc\u201c\u70b9\u706b\u201d\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u653e\u5927\u5e76\u7ef4\u6301\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8868\u5f81[50]\u3002\u4e0e\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5bf9\u70b9\u706b\u548c\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5f3a\u8c03\u662fGWT\u4e0eHOT\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0eHOT\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0cGWT\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u5173\u6ce8\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02<\/span>\uff08\u9664\u4e86[51]\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56de\u5230\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0cGWT\u65e8\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u623f\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u201c\u4eba\u8138\u201d\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u89e3\u91ca\u770b\u5230\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u770b\u5230\u4eba\u8138\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
GWT\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u76f8\u5bf9\u6c89\u9ed8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\u66f4\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cGWT\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u901a\u8fbe\u201d[49]\u7684\u660e\u786e\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u67d0\u4e9b\u8868\u5f81\u53ef\u4ee5<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u8868\u5f81\u4e0d\u80fd\uff09<\/span>\u88ab\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4fe1\u606f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7684\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7075\u6d3b\u4f7f\u7528\u3002GWT\u8d4b\u4e88\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u3001\u8bed\u5883\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6307\u5bfc\u8ba4\u77e5\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u3002GWT\u8fd8\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u653e\u5927\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u800c\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e5f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u5e7f\u64ad[49]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
GWT\u6839\u636e\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u529f\u80fd\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0a\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u6027\u4e27\u5931\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u6620\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u989d\u53f6\u4e0e\u9876\u53f6\u7684\uff0c\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u67a2\u7ebd\u201d\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u6216\u52a8\u6001\u8fde\u63a5\u53d7\u635f[52]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u76f4\u63a5\u53cd\u6620\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fde\u63a5\u6a21\u5f0f[53-55]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
GWT\u5f15\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u9700\u8981\u5177\u5907\u54ea\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u201d\u6027\u8d28[25, 56]\u3002\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u6240\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8ba4\u77e5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u548c\u7c7b\u578b\uff09<\/span>\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u7c7b\u578b\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\uff1f\u8fd8\u662f\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u4e0e\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u201d\u6709\u5173\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u60f3\u77e5\u9053 GWT\u80fd\u5bf9\u5a74\u513f\u3001\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u4e2a\u4f53\u3001\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u88c2\u8111\u624b\u672f\u7684\u4eba\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u548c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u505a\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u56fe2\uff1a\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7406\u8bba\u3002GWT\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u5185\u5e7f\u64ad\u65f6\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u989d\u53f6\u4e0e\u9876\u53f6\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7740\u4e2d\u5fc3\u67a2\u7ebd\u822c\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u57df\u5904\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u611f\u89c9\u533a\u57df\uff09\u88ab\u70b9\u706b\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4f1a\u6682\u65f6\u6027\u5730\u5177\u6709\u5bf9\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u201c\u53ef\u79fb\u52a8\u6027\u201d[155]\u3002\u5bf9GWT\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u652f\u6301\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u70b9\u706b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7279\u5f81\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6216\u957f\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7279\u5f81\u4fe1\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u8054\u7684\u7814\u7a76[48, 49, 53, 101]\u3002\u5728\u5916\u754c\u523a\u6fc0\u53d1\u751f\u7ea6200-300ms\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bd5\u6b21\uff0c\u524d\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u5177\u6709\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u5f02\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u201c\u70b9\u706b\u201d\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7279\u5f81\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u65e0\u62a5\u544a\u8303\u5f0f\u201d\u5b9e\u9a8c[111] \uff08\u53e6\u89c1[156]\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u8fd1\u5df2\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u89e3\u7801\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u523a\u6fc0\u540e\u7ea6300ms\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u80fd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u4e3b\u89c2\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u611f\u77e5\u6a21\u6001\u95f4\u6cdb\u5316[119]\u3002\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u6216\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u957f\u7a0b\u4fe1\u606f\u4f20\u9012\u7279\u5f81\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9274\u5b9a[49, 102]\u3002\u4e0e\u9ad8\u9636\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u6837\uff0cGWT\u53d7\u5230\u524d\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u62a5\u544a\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
3. \u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba<\/span>\uff08IIT\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4e0eHOT\u6216GWT\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u516c\u7406<\/span>\uff08\u5373\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bc1\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u3001\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u7406\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5e95\u5c42\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0cIIT\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c5e\u6027\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u4e5f\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u5b9e\u4f8b\u5316[57-60]<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cIIT\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u201c\u56e0\u679c\u529b\u91cf\u201d<\/strong><\/span>\uff08cause-effect power\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f<\/span><\/strong>\uff08integrated information\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u76f8\u5173<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u03a6\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u2014\u2014\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u7acb\u8003\u8651\u7684\u5404\u90e8\u5206\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u5c11\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5728IIT\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5728\u7684\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u65e2\u7531\u7ec4\u6210\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u7531\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5236\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u51b3\u5b9a[60]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e0eHOT\u548cGWT\u76f8\u53cd\uff0cIIT\u4e3b\u8981\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u540e\u90e8\u70ed\u533a\u201d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9876\u53f6\u3001\u989e\u53f6\u548c\u6795\u53f6\u533a\u57df\uff09<\/span>\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u662f\uff0c\u636e\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u533a\u57df\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5f88\u9002\u5408\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f[59]\u3002GWT\u548cHOT<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u9762\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u76ae\u5c42\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e0e\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cIIT\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6307\u201c\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u201d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5728\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f71\u54cd\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u80fd\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u6839\u636eIIT\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6700\u5927\u503c\u975e\u96f6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cIIT\u4f3c\u4e4e\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u975e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728[61]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
IIT\u662f\u76f8\u5f53\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e [59]<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u7528\u03a6\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cIIT\u8d5e\u6210\u7528\u5355\u7ef4\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u628a\u63e1\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6c34\u5e73\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u03a6\u503c\u3002\u800c\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\u201d<\/span>\uff08conceptual structures\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u7406\u89e3\uff0cIIT\u5c06\u5176\u89c6\u4e3a\u9ad8\u7ef4\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u72b6\u201d\uff0c\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u72b6\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\uff09<\/span>\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u4e0e\u65e9\u671f\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u7f51\u72b6\u673a\u5236\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5173[62]\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u4ece\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6574\u5408\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u2014\u2014\u6574\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5404\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u4e14\u4ec5\u5f53\u5185\u5bb9\u88ab\u7eb3\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u679c\u201c\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u624d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5426\u5219\u5219\u662f\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u513f\u7684\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u662f\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u96c6\uff0c\u652f\u6491\u4e86\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe3\uff1a\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3002\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff08IIT\uff09\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\u3002\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u5219\u4e0e\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u6027\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u03a6\u6765\u8861\u91cf[59]\u3002\u5728\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0cIIT\u4e0e\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u201c\u70ed\u533a\u201d\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8981\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bc4\u4f30\u5f88\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u03a6\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u03a6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u6307\u6807[157]\uff0c\u6709\u7684\u6307\u6807\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u6709\u524d\u666f\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u4ee4\u4eba\u77a9\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u6270\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u6307\u6570\uff08perturbational complexity index\uff0cPCI\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u7ecf\u9885\u78c1\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08Lempel-Ziv\uff09[158]\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0cPCI\uff0c\u5728\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u75c5\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8bca\u65ad\u548c\u9884\u540e\u4ef7\u503c[158]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cPCI\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u03a6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14PCI\u503c\u4e0e\u5168\u5c40\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5fc3\u7406\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u95f4\u63a5\u652f\u6301\u4e86IIT\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5185\u4fa7\u5411\u8fde\u63a5\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u89c6\u89c9\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7ed3\u6784[116]\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u4e0e\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u529f\u80fd\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u6574\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u964d\u4f4e\u6709\u5173[159]\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u524d\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u77e5\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u5fc5\u987b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u5bf9IIT\u6784\u6210\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u56de\u5230\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0cIIT\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u680b\u623f\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u8138\uff09<\/span>\u3002IIT\u6240\u4e3b\u5f20\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u662f\uff0c\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u6240\u4f9d\u636e\u7684\u60c5\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u623f\u5b50\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\u201c\u8138\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5173\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0cIIT\u7528\u5bf9\u5e94\u6982\u5ff5\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u201c\u5f62\u72b6\u201d\uff0c\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u770b\u5230\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u770b\u5230\u8138\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u867d\u7136IIT\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6bd4\u5927\u591a\u6570ToC\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u7684\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u65b9\u9762<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3001\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bf4\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u6ce8\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5177\u8eab\u6027<\/span>\uff08embodiment\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u73af\u5883\u5d4c\u5165\u6027<\/span>\uff08environmental embeddedness\uff09\uff08\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u4e5f\u662fHOT\u548cGWT\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff09\u3002<\/span>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0cIIT\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u89e3\u51b3\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u5339\u914d\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u201d\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u548c\u5176\u73af\u5883\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5171\u4eab\u4fe1\u606f\uff1b\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff0c\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f[62-64]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
4. \u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u89e3\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5f3a\u8c03\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5728\u5851\u9020\u548c\u4fc3\u6210\u610f\u8bc6\u77e5\u89c9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u2014\u2014\u590d\u9988\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08re-entry theories\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cdToC\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u3001\u590d\u9988\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u4fe1\u53f7\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[65, 66]\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u2014\u2014\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08predictive processing theories\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u662fToC\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u8111<\/span>\uff08\u548c\u8eab\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5c5e\u6027[67]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u590d\u9988\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u4fe1\u53f7\u5bf9\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5b50\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e68-70\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u590d\u9988\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08local recurrency theory\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0cLamme\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u5185\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u6216\u590d\u9988\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5176\u5b83\u6709\u5229\u56e0\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8111\u5e72\u7684\u5524\u9192\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u9876\u53f6\u548c\u989d\u53f6\u533a\u57df\u6765\u5bf9\u77e5\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u8fdb\u884c\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u6216\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u51b3\u7b56[65,71]<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe4\uff1a\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u590d\u9988\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\uff08\u590d\u9988\uff1b\u7c97\u7bad\u5934\uff09\u6709\u5173\uff1b\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff08\u7ec6\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff09\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u7406\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5185\u5bb9\u6240\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u652f\u6301\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c06\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4e0e\u77e5\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76[68-70, 160]\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9884\u671f\uff08expectation\uff09\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u901f\u5ea6[161-163]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u5176\u4e0e\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u76f4\u63a5\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765[160]\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f1a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e0d\u5f71\u54cd\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u673a\u662f\u628a\u611f\u77e5\u95ee\u9898\u770b\u505a\u662f\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\u95ee\u9898[72,73]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u673a\u2014\u2014\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u80fd\u539f\u7406<\/span>\uff08free energy principle\uff09<\/span>[74]\u4e3a\u4f8b\u2014\u2014\u5f3a\u8c03\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u8c03\u8282\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u80fd\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf[75-77]<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u4e5f\u53c2\u89c1\u6587\u732e78\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a<\/span>\u901a\u8fc7\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\uff09\u77e5\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\uff09\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4ea4\u6d41<\/span><\/strong><\/span>[80]<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u53c2\u89c1[81]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>[79]\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5982\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406<\/span>\uff08active inference\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u611f\u5b98\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u66f4\u65b0\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u9884\u6d4b[82,83]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u867d\u7136\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3aToC\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5c5e\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7684\u5173\u8054[67]\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u201d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u4e0b\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u50cf\u7ecf\u5178NCC\u65b9\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6027\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u6982\u8ff0\u7684ToC\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u628a\u5b83\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c31\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u5173\u7cfb\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e89\u6267[84,85]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6765\u5904\u7406\u5c40\u90e8\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001[73, 79, 86, 87]\u3002\u4e0d\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u662f\u7531\u5927\u8111\u5bf9\u5176\u611f\u5b98\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u731c\u6d4b\u201d\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5ba2\u4f53\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5bf9\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u540e\u679c\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u6027\u9884\u6d4b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca[87,88]\uff0c\u800c\u60c5\u7eea\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u5bf9\u5185\u611f\u53d7\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u8c03\u8282\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u7406\u72b6\u51b5\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca[89,90]\u3002\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u7a81\u51fa\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u6d89\u53ca\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u95ee\u9898[13, 77, 91]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5728\u611f\u77e5\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u662f\u5f53\u524d\u201c\u6700\u4f73\u731c\u6d4b\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u6700\u4f73\u540e\u9a8c\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5728\u53cc\u773c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u8bbe\u60f3\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u4f73\u731c\u6d4b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u201c\u83b7\u80dc\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u5360\u636e\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9884\u6d4b\u8bef\u5dee\u4e0d\u65ad\u79ef\u7d2f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u5360\u4f18\u52bf\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u731c\u6d4b\u6240\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u5c31\u8fd9\u6837\u5faa\u73af\u5f80\u590d\u2026\u2026[92, 93]\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u81f3\u4e8e\u623f\u5b50\u548c\u8138\u4e4b\u95f4\u5728\u4f53\u9a8c\u4e0a\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u90a3\u4e9b\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u53d8\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7531\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u4fe1\u5ff5\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53d8\u5316[76, 94]\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u884c\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u660e\u663e\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u773c\u7403\u7684\u626b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u9690\u853d\u7684\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u6574\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u5730\u8bc9\u8bf8\u76f8\u5173\u9884\u6d4b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027[95]\uff0c\u5c31\u50cfHOT\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bc9\u8bf8\u76f8\u5173\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u673a\u5236\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u533a\u5206\u3002\u5728\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e3a\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u589e\u5f3a<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u5728GWT\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5230\u8fbe\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u548c\u9876\u53f6\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee[71]\u3002\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4e0e\u201c\u7cbe\u786e\u5ea6\u52a0\u6743\u201d<\/span>\uff08precision weighting\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8c03\u5236\u4e86\u611f\u89c9\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u7cbe\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08estimated precision\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u76f4\u89c2\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5176\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6539\u53d8\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4fe1\u566a\u6bd4\u6216\u201c\u589e\u76ca\u201d[74, 96]\u3002\u800c\u5728\u4e3b\u52a8\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u62bd\u6837\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6[76, 94]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56db\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6807\u51c6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5728\u5bf9\u7acb\u7684ToC\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u547c\u5401\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5f88\u5e7f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u5962\u671b\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e89\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u6982\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30ToC\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1-4\u7684\u56fe\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5176\u5b83\u4e00\u4e9b\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u6765\u652f\u6301\u5404\u4e2aToC\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6570\u636e\u3002\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u8bc4\u4ef7\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6240\u6253\u8d25\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u76ee\u6807\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6218\u80dc\u5b83\u7684\u5bf9\u624b\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89e3\u91ca\u9700\u8981\u5408\u7406\u89e3\u91ca\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u548c\u90bb\u8fd1\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408[97-99]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5236\u7ea6ToC\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8ba8\u8bbaToC\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5404\u79cdToC\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u65f6\u523b\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u800c\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u9a8c\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u5bf9\u201c\u6210\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u667a\u80fd\u4f53\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u611f\u89c9\u201d\u7684\u56de\u7b54[25]\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684ToC\uff0c\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u91c7\u53d6\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002IIT\u76f8\u5f53\u5f3a\u8c03\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5047\u5b9a\u610f\u8bc6\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u547c\u5401\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e3b\u5f20\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u4e0d\u53ef\u5316\u7ea6\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff09<\/span>\u5f97\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1GWT\u6ca1\u6709\u50cfIIT\u90a3\u4e48\u5f3a\u8c03\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0e\u529f\u80fd\u6574\u5408\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u5173\u8054\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5176\u5b83ToC\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982HOT\u548c\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u6709\u7740\u66f4\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u53ea\u662f\u5047\u88c5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b8c\u5168\u5ffd\u7565\u5b83\u3002\u5404\u4e2aToC\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6b67\u2014\u2014\u610f\u8bc6\u662f\u5426<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\uff09<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u6709\u671b\u4e3aToC\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e86\u5151\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5728\u201c\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u5fc5\u7136\uff09<\/span>\u7edf\u4e00\u201d\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5236\u7ea6\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u795e\u7ecf\u6570\u636e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u3002\u4e00\u4e2aToC\u5e94\u8be5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c0f\u8111\u4e0d\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u6709\u5173\u3002\u4e00\u4e9bToC\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u63d0\u4f9b\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cIIT\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u6574\u5408\u4fe1\u606f[59]\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b83\u6bd4\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u66f4\u53ef\u4fe1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5426\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20HOT\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\u7f3a\u4e4f\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u5173\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u4e3b\u5f20GWT\u7684\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\u6ca1\u6709\u5b9e\u73b0\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff1b\u800c\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0f\u8111\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u4fe1\u53f7[65]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4eba\u4eec\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cToC\u5e94\u8be5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5c0f\u8111\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u4f46\u4eceToC\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5176\u5b83\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6570\u636e\u66f4\u5177\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u524d\u989d\u53f6<\/span>\uff08\u201c\u5927\u8111\u524d\u90e8\u201d\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u795e\u7ecf\u5f71\u50cf\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6d3b\u52a8[100, 101]\u548c\u989d\u53f6\u4e0e\u5176\u5b83\u533a\u57df\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5404\u79cd\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u611f\u77e5[48]\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u5bf9\u7075\u957f\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\u3001\u8fde\u7eed\u95ea\u5149\u7684\u6291\u5236\u548c\u89c6\u89c9\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u8fde\u7eed\u5448\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u89e3\u7801\u51fa\u6765[103-105]\u3002\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[106]\u5219\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u56fe\u666f\uff1a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u8bc6\u522b\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5927\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b\u548c\u5931\u6d3b\u7684\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\u89e3\u7801\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u800c\u75c5\u53d8\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u548c\u8111\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u8bba\u8bc1\uff0c\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e30\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5021\u5bfcHOT\u548cGWT\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u6765\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u5176\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u5e94\uff0cIIT\u548c\u590d\u9988\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u975e\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5173[107, 108]<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e109\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5927\u8111\u540e\u90e8\u201d\u89c2\u70b9\u8fa9\u62a4\u7684\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u6d89\u53ca\u6954\u524d\u533a\u548c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u548c\u9876\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u2014\u2014\u5bf9\u77e5\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u6765\u8bf4\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u5927\u8111\u524d\u90e8\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u65e0\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5f53\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u5173\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eec\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u660e\u786e\u62a5\u544a\u65f6\uff0c\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u53c2\u4e0e\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11[6, 110]<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e111\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u201c\u5927\u8111\u540e\u90e8\u201d\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u4e5f\u5229\u7528\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u6765\u8bc1\u660e\u540e\u90e8\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e00\u9879\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u5524\u9192\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u63a2\u6d4b\u7761\u7720\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u62a5\u544a\u68a6\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u5feb\u901f\u773c\u52a8\u548c\u975e\u5feb\u901f\u773c\u52a8\u7761\u7720\u9636\u6bb5[112]<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e113\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u89e3\u7801\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u5927\u8111\u524d\u90e8\u201d\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u5426\u6210\u7acb\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u5546\u69b7\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u533a\u57df\u201c\u8bfb\u51fa\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u5927\u8111\u672c\u8eab\u6b63\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u6784\u6210\u76f8\u5173\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u6216\u5168\u5c40\u5e7f\u64ad\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u201c\u8bfb\u51fa\u201d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u5927\u8111\u524d\u90e8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5927\u8111\u540e\u90e8\u201d\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u786e\u5b9e\u6d89\u53ca\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u524d\u989d\u53f6\u76ae\u5c42\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u5177\u4f53\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u89c1[107, 109]\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>\uff08cognitive access\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5206\u6b67\uff1a\u5c06\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u53e3\u5934\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u548c\u5bf9\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u66ff\u4ee3\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff1f\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7a76\u7adf\u5982\u4f55\u5173\u8054\u201d\u65b9\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb[114]<\/span>\uff08\u4ea6\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684ToC\u5bf9\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002GWT\u628a\u8ba4\u77e5\u6446\u5728\u6838\u5fc3\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8868\u660e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8868\u660e\u652f\u6491\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u672c\u8eab<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u70b9\u706b\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u5e7f\u64ad\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff08\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u6700\u8fd1\u7ec6\u5fae\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e111\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5982IIT\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u5faa\u73af\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5426\u8ba4\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bc6\u5207\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u5728\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u63a7\u5236\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1HOT\u5e76\u4e0d\u6267\u7740\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5c06\u88ab\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e46\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684ToC\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6700\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u65b0\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u79d1\u5b66\u53f2\u4e0a\u8bb8\u591a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5bf9\u65b0\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u786e\u8ba4[115]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e7f\u4e49\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u65e2\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u6c34\u661f\u8fd1\u65e5\u70b9\u7684\u8fdb\u52a8\uff0c\u53c8\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u63a0\u8fc7\u592a\u9633\u8868\u9762\u661f\u5149\u7684\u504f\u8f6c\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2aToC\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u9884\u6d4b\u5e76\u88ab\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u672a\u80fd\u505a\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6216\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53\u4ee3ToC\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u90fd\u96be\u4ee5\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u590d\u9988\u7406\u8bba\u548cIIT\u90fd\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u540e\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u6d3b\u52a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u90e8\u533a\u57df\u8d21\u732e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u652f\u6301\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u62a5\u544a<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u81f3\u5c11\u662f\u67d0\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6267\u884c\u63a7\u5236\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u524d\u90e8\u76ae\u5c42\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u66f4\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u662f\uff0cIIT\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u81ea\u7136\u754c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u975e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5149\u7535\u4e8c\u6781\u7ba1\u548c\u5355\u539f\u5b50\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u4e25\u683c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u524d\u9988\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d[61]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u4e0e\u5927\u5bb6\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u540c\u7684\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u76f8\u6096\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b64\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u9a8c\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u53ef\u9760\u5730\u68c0\u6d4b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u548c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8005\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u9760\u53d7\u8bd5\u8005\u7684\u5185\u7701\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u5730\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u5176\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5185\u7701\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u503c\u5f97\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5a74\u513f\u3001\u6709\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u548c\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u52a8\u7269\uff09\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u5185\u7701\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u786e\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4f9d\u9760\u5185\u7701\u7684\u201c\u6807\u8bb0\u201d\u6216\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u7279\u5f81\u201d\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u63d0\u8bae\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u2014\u2014\u5982\u6270\u52a8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\uff08perturbational complexity index\uff0cPCI\uff09[158]\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u63d0\u8bae\u5176\u5b83\u6307\u6807\u2014\u2014\u5982\u89c6\u52a8\u773c\u7403\u9707\u98a4\u53cd\u5e94\uff08optokinetic nystagmus response\uff09[174]\u6216\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u72ec\u7279\u5206\u53c9\uff08distinctive bifurcations in neural dynamics\uff09[111]\u2014\u2014\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7279\u5b9a\u79cd\u7c7b\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u5353\u6709\u6210\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u524d\u8005\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u8111\u635f\u4f24\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001[175]\uff0c\u800c\u5c06\u540e\u8005\u7528\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u201c\u65e0\u62a5\u544a\u201d\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5373\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u7814\u7a76[6]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u5230\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u786e\u8ba4\u5b83\u65e2\u7075\u654f\u53c8\u660e\u786e\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u7701\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u5b58\u5728\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ff0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7531\u4e8eToC\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6307\u6807\u4e5f\u96be\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u6807\u8bb0\u7269\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e0d\u540c\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u7701\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u8bba\u8003\u8651\u7684\u9a8c\u8bc1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6587\u732e\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u63d0\u8bae[114, 176]\uff0c\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u4e89\u8bae\u7684[177, 178]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u53ef\u6d4b\u8bd5\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u65b0\u9884\u6d4b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eceIIT\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f15\u4eba\u6ce8\u76ee\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u610f\u8bc6\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u524d\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u53d8\u5316[116]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c6\u89c9\u76ae\u5c42\u4e2d\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684<\/span>\uff08inactive\uff09<\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u89c6\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u6709\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4f46\u5931\u6d3b\u7684<\/span>\uff08inactivated\uff09<\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a[59]\u3002IIT\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\u624d\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5e72\u9884\u795e\u7ecf\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u56e0\u679c\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u9884\u6d4b\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff09<\/span>\u5c24\u5176\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u731c\u60f3\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5149\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u89c9\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5[117]\u3002\u800c\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5f97\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u8bc4\u4f30\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684ToC\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u9014\u5f84\u662f\uff0c\u5173\u6ce8\u6709\u610f\u8bc6<\/span>\uff08\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7535\u751f\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e2d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u7535\u4f4d\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e118\uff09<\/span>\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u5448\u73b0\u540e\u7684\u65e9\u671f<\/span>\uff08120-200\u6beb\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u77e5\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e9\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u3001\u8d1f\u5411\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7535\u4f4d<\/span>\uff08\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u8d1f\u6027\u53cd\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8d28\u7591\u4e86\u4ee5\u5f80\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u665a\u53d1\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u5982P3b<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u5f00\u59cb\u540e\u7ea6300\u6beb\u79d2\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u6b63\u5411\u7684\u3001\u4e8b\u4ef6\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u70b9\u4f4d\uff09<\/span>\u3002Dembski\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8d1f\u6027<\/span>\uff08early negativity\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u542c\u89c9\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u7684\u65e9\u53d1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u529b\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u6709\u5229\u4e8eIIT\u548c\u5c40\u90e8\u590d\u9988\u89e3\u91ca<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e119\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e86\u540e\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u8de8\u6a21\u6001\u7279\u5f81\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6[120, 121]\u5219\u4e3b\u5f20\u77e5\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u542f\u52a8\u65f6\u95f4\u8981\u665a\u5f97\u591a\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u662f250-400\u6beb\u79d2\uff09\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684P3b\uff0c\u665a\u53d1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7531\u5404\u79cd\u77e5\u89c9\u73b0\u8c61\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u73b0\u8c61\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5fc3\u7406\u4e0d\u5e94\u671f<\/span>\uff08psychological refractory\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u77ac\u8131<\/span>\uff08attentional blink\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e8b\u540e\u9884\u6d4b\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08postdictive effects \uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540e\u8005\u80fd\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u53ef\u4ee5\u56de\u6eaf\u6027\u5730\u89e6\u53d1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9[122]\u3002\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u77e5\u89c9\u7684\u665a\u53d1\u795e\u7ecf\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u957f\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u548c\u5206\u53c9\u6d3b\u52a8[49, 111]\u3002\u652f\u6301\u665a\u53d1\u77e5\u89c9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u652f\u6301\u9ad8\u9636\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u77e5\u89c9\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u201c\u65e9\u53d1\u201d\u548c\u201c\u665a\u53d1\u201d\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5904\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7279\u5f81\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u611f\u77e5[123]\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u201c\u65f6\u523b\u201d\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7279\u5f81\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684[124, 125]\uff0c\u540e\u4e24\u8005\u53cd\u6620\u7684\u662f\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u7531ToC\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0cToC\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u201c\u53d9\u8ff0\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u795e\u7ecf\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u6570\u636e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7406\u8bba\u9a8c\u8bc1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5c11[126]\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u7528\u610f\u8bc6\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0c\u4f46\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5c06\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9ToC\u8fdb\u884c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u533a\u5206\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6566\u4fc3\u610f\u8bc6\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6210\u719f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6d4b\u8bd5\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9996\u5148\uff0cToC\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u90a3\u4e9b\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u7cca\u800c\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6a21\u7cca\u548c\u4e0d\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cHOT\u4e0e\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u9700\u8981\u660e\u786e<\/span>\uff08\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u610f\u8bc6\u6240\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u5143\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u590d\u9988\u6216\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u79cd\u7c7b\uff1bIIT\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u5b83\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u73af\u5883\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5177\u8eab\u6027\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff1bGWT\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u5219\u6027\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u5168\u5c40\u201d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee5\u76f8\u5bf9\u62bd\u8c61\u6216\u6982\u5ff5\u6027\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u8868\u8ff0\u7684ToC\u5e26\u6765\u673a\u5236\u4e0a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6027\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ea7\u751f\u7cbe\u7ec6\u9884\u6d4b\u5960\u5b9a\u57fa\u7840\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u79cd\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u7684ToC\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u4f18\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bd4\u8f83\u7406\u8bba\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684ToC\u7279\u522b\u6709\u7528\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63ed\u793aHOT\u548c\u590d\u9988\/\u9884\u6d4b\u5904\u7406\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u5171\u540c\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6f84\u6e05\u5143\u8868\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e35\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5168\u5c40\u5e7f\u64ad<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e127, 128\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u5c06HOT\u548cGWT\u5206\u5f00[129]\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97ToC\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u4ece<\/span>\uff08\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u5256\u5b66\u533a\u57df\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u91cd\u6784<\/span>\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u76ee\u524d\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u201c\u5927\u8111\u524d\u90e8\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5927\u8111\u540e\u90e8\u201d\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba[111]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u662f\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5176\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u5c5e\u6027\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97<\/span>\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\uff09<\/span>\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e49\u6807\u7b7e\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5b50\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e37,130\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u7528\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6765\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fdb\u884c\u533a\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5b50\u89c1\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e131\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u9897\u7c92\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6536\u96c6\u4e3b\u89c2\u62a5\u544a\u6765\u5e94\u5bf9<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9664\u4e86\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5177\u4f53\uff0cToC\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u5168\u9762<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cToC\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u611f\u77e5\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6e05\u9192\u610f\u8bc6\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7c7b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e8e\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5173\u6ce8\u6709\u9650\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u7531\u2014\u2014\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u53ef\u53ca\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684ToC\u5fc5\u987b\u516c\u6b63\u5730\u5bf9\u5f85\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u6837\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u3002\u5c31\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u8a00\uff0cToC\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u611f\u77e5\uff0c\u5bf9\u60c5\u611f\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u6027\u3001\u610f\u5fd7\u548c\u601d\u60f3\u7b49\u72b6\u6001\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5728\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\u65b9\u9762\uff0cToC\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u6e05\u9192\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5bf9\u505a\u68a6\u3001\u51a5\u60f3\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u7d0a\u4e71\u548c\u8ff7\u5e7b\u72b6\u6001\u7b49\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0cToC\u5fc5\u987b\u8d85\u8d8a\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u7684\u4f53\u9a8c\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4eba\u7c7b\u5a74\u513f\u3001\u975e\u4eba\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u751a\u81f3\u4eba\u5de5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u6ce8\u70b9\u6709\u9650\u7684ToC\u5e76\u65e0\u4e0d\u59a5\uff0c\u4f46\u80fd\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5177\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u65f6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u627e\u5230\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u8d56\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6d4b\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong>[132]\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e00\u4e2a\u8be6\u7ec6\u800c\u5168\u9762\u7684ToC\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7528\u5904\u3002\u533a\u5206\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u7248\u672c\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u548c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u505a\u51fa\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u62a5\u544a\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8ba4\u77e5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff09<\/span>[114, 133, 134]\u3002\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u751f\u7269\u3002\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u786e\u5b9a\u610f\u8bc6\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u754c\u7684\u5206\u5e03[135]\uff1b\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5668\u5b98[136]\u6216\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7cfb\u7edf[135-137]\u662f\u5426\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\uff1b\u610f\u8bc6\u4f55\u65f6\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0[138]\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca\u610f\u8bc6\u600e\u6837\u4f1a\u5728\u8111\u5916\u4f24\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8fd8\u5f97\u4ee5\u4fdd\u7559[139]\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6311\u6218\u4f9d\u7136\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u8981\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u6d4b\u91cf\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53c8\u8981\u907f\u514d\u5bf9\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u5047\u8bbe<\/span>\uff08\u65b9\u68463\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5904\u7406\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c1d\u8bd5\u76ee\u524d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e3e\u63aa\u7684\u8865\u5145\uff0c\u5982\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u5408\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u5f0f\u6b63\u5728\u9f13\u52b1ToC\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e0d\u540c\u7684ToC[17]\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u4e0a\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u7406\u7531\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0cToC\u7684\u8fed\u4ee3\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u6df1\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5965\u5999\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span>
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\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5217\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u5173\u7269\uff08Neural correlates of consciousness\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5171\u540c\u8db3\u4ee5\u6784\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6700\u5c0f\u795e\u7ecf\u4e8b\u4ef6\u96c6<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u89e3\u91ca\u9e3f\u6c9f\u76f4\u89c9\uff08Explanatory gap intuitions\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7528\u7269\u7406\u7684\u3001\u673a\u68b0\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u7ed9\u4e88\u610f\u8bc6\u5b8c\u5168\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u6297\u5f0f\u5408\u4f5c\uff08Adversarial collaborations\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5171\u540c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4ed6\u4eec\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e8b\u5148\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5168\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\uff08Global states\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5524\u9192\u548c\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u201c\u6c34\u5e73\u201d\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\uff08Local states\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u4e0e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u3001\u60c5\u611f\u6216\u601d\u60f3\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u4e5f\u7ecf\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\uff08Binocular rivalry\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5411\u4e24\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u5206\u522b\u5448\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u5c06\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u56fe\u50cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea4\u66ff\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u53cc\u76ee\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u73b0\u8c61\u7279\u5f81\uff08Phenomenal character\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5c40\u90e8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u4f53\u9a8c\u7279\u8d28\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u770b\u5230\u7ea2\u8272\u65f6\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u201c\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u201d\u6216\u7259\u75db\u65f6\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u75bc\u75db\u2014\u2014\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u611f\u53d7\u6027\u8d28\uff08qualia\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5143\u8868\u5f81\uff08Meta-representation\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc3\u667a\u8868\u5f81\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u8868\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u65e0\u62a5\u544a\u8303\u5f0f\uff08No-report paradigms\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u88ab\u8bd5\u4e0d\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e3b\u89c2\uff08\u53e3\u5934\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u03a6<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u540e\u90e8\u70ed\u533a\uff08Posterior hot zone\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u590d\u5408\u4f53\uff08Complex\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff08Unity of consciousness\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u8ba4\u77e5\u8bbf\u95ee\uff08Cognitive access\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u5185\u611f\u53d7\u9884\u6d4b\uff08Interoceptive predictions\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u8ba1\u7b97\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\uff09\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\uff08Computational (neuro) phenomenology\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u4ece\uff08\u795e\u7ecf\uff09\u673a\u5236\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u6d4b\u91cf\u95ee\u9898\uff08The measurement problem\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u6307\u7684\u662f\u786e\u8ba4\u67d0\u4e00\u5fc3\u667a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6216\u786e\u8ba4\u67d0\u4e00\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u6216\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u662f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u7c7b\u5927\u8111\u5668\u5b98\uff08Cerebral organoids\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u751f\u957f\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u81ea\u6211\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u5177\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u53d1\u80b2\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u8111\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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This work sets out how an adversarial collaboration is planning to arbitrate between integrated information and global workspace ToCs.<\/span><\/section>\n
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This work challenges the common unidimensional notion of ‘level of consciousness’, outlining an alternative, richer, multidimensional account.<\/span><\/section>\n
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This work presents a summary of empirical evidence favouring higher-order ToCs.<\/span><\/section>\n
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37. Gershman, S. J. The generative adversarial brain. Front. Artif. Intell. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frai.2019.00018 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
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This large empirical study of functional connectivity patterns across different global states of consciousness focuses on how these patterns relate to underlying structural connectivity.<\/span><\/section>\n
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56. Carruthers, P. Human and Animal Minds: The Consciousness Questions Laid to Rest (Oxford Univ. Press, 2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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72. von Helmholtz, H. Handbuch der Phsyiologischen Optik [German] (Voss, 1867).<\/span><\/section>\n
73. Clark, A. Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated  agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behav. Brain Sci. 36, 181\u2013204 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
This work presents a classic exposition of predictive processing and its relevance for perception, cognition and action.<\/span><\/section>\n
74. Friston, K. J. The free- energy principle: a unified brain theory? Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11, 127\u2013138 (2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
75. Seth, A. K. in Open MIND (eds Windt, J. M. & Metzinger, T.) (MIND Group, 2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
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81. Teufel, C. & Fletcher, P. C. Forms of prediction in the nervous system. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 21, 231\u2013242 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
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83. Parr, T. & Friston, K. J. Generalised free energy and active inference. Biol. Cybern. 113, 495\u2013513 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
84. Pennartz, C. M. A. Consciousness, representation, action: the importance of being goal- directed. Trends Cogn. Sci. 22, 137\u2013153 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
85. Williford, K., Bennequin, D., Friston, K. & Rudrauf, D. The projective consciousness model and phenomenal selfhood. Front. Psychol. 9, 2571 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
86. Hohwy, J. New directions in predictive processing. Mind Lang. 35, 209\u2013223 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
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88. O\u2019Regan, J. K. & No\u00eb, A. A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behav. Brain Sci. 24, 939\u2013973; discussion 973\u20131031 (2001).<\/span><\/section>\n
This primary description of the sensorimotor ToC argues that conscious perception is intimately related to action.<\/span><\/section>\n
89. Seth, A. K. Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends Cogn. Sci. 17, 565\u2013573 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
This work presents a theoretical application of predictive processing to interoception and physiological regulation, relating this to experiences of emotion and selfhood.<\/span><\/section>\n
90. Barrett, L. F. The theory of constructed emotion: an active inference account of interoception and categorization. Soc. Cogn. Affect. Neurosci. 12, 1833 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
91. Solms, M. The hard problem of consciousness and the free energy principle. Front. Psychol. 9, 2714 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
92. Hohwy, J., Roepstorff, A. & Friston, K. Predictive coding explains binocular rivalry: an epistemological review. Cognition 108, 687\u2013701 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
93. Parr, T., Corcoran, A. W., Friston, K. J. & Hohwy, J. Perceptual awareness and active inference. Neurosci. Conscious. 2019, niz012 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
94. Friston, K. J., FitzGerald, T., Rigoli, F., Schwartenbeck, P. & Pezzulo, G. Active inference: a process theory. Neural Comput. 29, 1\u201349 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
95. Boly, M. et al. Preserved feedforward but impaired top- down processes in the vegetative state. Science 332, 858\u2013862 (2011).<\/span><\/section>\n
This neuroimaging study uses dynamic causal modelling to show that loss of consciousness in the vegetative state is associated with impaired top- down connectivity from frontal to temporal cortices.<\/span><\/section>\n
96. Parr, T. & Friston, K. J. Working memory, attention, and salience in active inference. Sci. Rep. 7, 14678 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
97. Chalmers, A. What is This Thing Called Science? (Queensland Univ. Press, 2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
98. Godfrey- Smith, P. G. Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science 2nd edn (Univ. Chicago Press, 2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
99. Lipton, P. Inference to the Best Explanation (Routledge, 2004).<\/span><\/section>\n
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123. Roseboom, W. et al. Activity in perceptual classification networks as a basis for human subjective time perception. Nat. Commun. 10, 267 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
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126. Yaron, I., Melloni, L., Pitts, M. & Mudrik, L. The ConTraSt database for analyzing and comparing empirical studies of consciousness theories. Nat. Hum. Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-021-01284-5 (2022).<\/span><\/section>\n
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127. Joglekar, M. R., Mejias, J. F., Yang, G. R. & Wang, X. J. Inter- areal balanced amplification enhances signal propagation in a large- scale circuit model of the<\/span><\/section>\n
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130. Suzuki, K., Roseboom, W., Schwartzman, D. J. & Seth, A. K. A deep- dream virtual reality platform for studying altered perceptual phenomenology. Sci. Rep. 7, 15982 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
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132. Browning, H. & Veit, W. The measurement problem in consciousness. Philos. Top. 48, 85\u2013108 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
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134. Michel, M. Calibration in consciousness science. Erkenntnis https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10670-021-00383-z (2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
135. Birch, J., Schnell, A. K. & Clayton, N. S. Dimensions of animal consciousness. Trends Cogn. Sci. 24, 789\u2013801 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
136. Bayne, T., Seth, A. K. & Massimini, M. Are there islands of awareness? Trends Neurosci. 43, 6\u201316 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
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137. Dehaene, S., Lau, H. & Kouider, S. What is consciousness, and could machines have it? Science 358, 486\u2013492 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
138. Hu, H., Cusack, R. & Naci, L. Typical and disrupted brain circuitry for conscious awareness in full- term and pre- term infants. (2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
139. Owen, A. M. & Coleman, M. R. Detecting awareness in the vegetative state. Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 9, 130\u2013138 (2008).<\/span><\/section>\n
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142. Prinz, J. The Conscious Brain: How Attention Engenders Experience (Oxford Univ. Press, 2012).<\/span><\/section>\n
143. Chang, A. Y. C., Biehl, M., Yu, Y. & Kanai, R. Information closure theory of consciousness. Front. Psychol. 11, 1504 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
144. Tononi, G. & Edelman, G. M. Consciousness and complexity. Science 282, 1846\u20131851 (1998).<\/span><\/section>\n
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145. Edelman, G. M. Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection (Basic Books 1987).<\/span><\/section>\n
146. Edelman, G. M. The Remembered Present (Basic Books, 1989).<\/span><\/section>\n
147. Damasio, A. The Feeling of What Happens: Body and Emotion in the Making of Consciousness (Harvest Books, 2000).<\/span><\/section>\n
148. Graziano, M. S. A. The attention schema theory: a foundation for engineering artificial consciousness. Front. Robot. AI 4, 60 (2017).<\/span><\/section>\n
149. Dennett, D. C. Consciousness Explained (Little, Brown, 1991).<\/span><\/section>\n
150. Ginsburg, S. & Jablonka, E. The Evolution of the Sensitive Soul: Learning and the Origins of Consciousness (MIT Press, 2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
151. Aru, J., Suzuki, M. & Larkum, M. E. Cellular mechanisms of conscious processing. Trends Cogn. Sci. 24, 814\u2013825 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
152. McFadden, J. Integrating information in the brain\u2019s EM field: the cemi field theory of consciousness. Neurosci. Conscious. 2020, niaa016 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
153. Fleming, S. M., Ryu, J., Golfinos, J. G. & Blackmon, K. E. Domain- specific impairment in metacognitive accuracy following anterior prefrontal lesions. Brain 137, 2811\u20132822 (2014).<\/span><\/section>\n
154. Fox, K. C. R. et al. Intrinsic network architecture predicts the effects elicited by intracranial electrical stimulation of the human brain. Nat. Hum. Behav. 4, 1039\u20131052 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
155. Dehaene, S. & Naccache, L. Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition 79, 1\u201337 (2001).<\/span><\/section>\n
156. Sergent, C., Baillet, S. & Dehaene, S. Timing of the brain events underlying access to consciousness during the attentional blink. Nat. Neurosci. 8, 1391\u20131400 (2005).<\/span><\/section>\n
157. Mediano, P. A. M., Seth, A. K. & Barrett, A. B. Measuring integrated information: comparison of candidate measures in theory and simulation. Entropy 21, 17 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
158. Casali, A. G. et al. A theoretically based index of consciousness independent of sensory processing and behavior. Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 198ra105 (2013).<\/span><\/section>\n
This empirical study shows that a measure of the complexity of the cortical response to transcranial magnetic stimulation distinguishes between a range of global conscious states, including disorders of consciousness.<\/span><\/section>\n
159. Luppi, A. I. et al. Consciousness- specific dynamic interactions of brain integration and functional diversity. Nat. Commun. 10, 4616 (2019).<\/span><\/section>\n
160. Hardstone, R. et al. Long- term priors influence visual perception through recruitment of long- range feedback. Nat. Commun. 12, 6288 (2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
161. de Lange, F. P., Heilbron, M. & Kok, P. How do expectations shape perception? Trends Cogn. Sci. 22, 764\u2013779 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n
162. Melloni, L., Schwiedrzik, C. M., Muller, N., Rodriguez, E. & Singer, W. Expectations change the signatures and timing of electrophysiological correlates of perceptual awareness. J. Neurosci. 31, 1386\u20131396 (2011).<\/span><\/section>\n
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163. Pinto, Y., van Gaal, S., de Lange, F. P., Lamme, V. A. & Seth, A. K. Expectations accelerate entry of visual stimuli into awareness. J. Vis. 15, 13 (2015).<\/span><\/section>\n
164. Chalmers, D. J. Facing up to the problem of consciousness. J. Conscious. Stud. 23, 200\u2013219 (1995).<\/span><\/section>\n
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165. Levine, J. Materialism and qualia: the explanatory gap. Pac. Philos. Q. 64, 354\u2013361 (1983).<\/span><\/section>\n
166. Seth, A. K. The Real Problem (Aeon, 2016<\/span><\/section>\n
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168. Perry, J. Knowledge, Possibility, and Consciousness (MIT Press, 2001).<\/span><\/section>\n
169. Varela, F. J., Thompson, E. & Rosch, E. The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science and Human Experience (MIT Press, 1993).<\/span><\/section>\n
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171. Solms, M. The Hidden Spring: A Journey to the Source of Consciousness (Profile Books, 2021).<\/span><\/section>\n
172. Merker, B. Consciousness without a cerebral cortex: a challenge for neuroscience and medicine. Behav. Brain Sci. 30, 63\u201381; discussion 81\u2013134 (2007).<\/span><\/section>\n
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175. Casarotto, S. et al. Stratification of unresponsive patients by an independently validated index of brain complexity. Ann. Neurol. 80, 718\u2013729 (2016).<\/span><\/section>\n
176. Shea, N. & Bayne, T. The vegetative state and the science of consciousness. Br. J. Philos. Sci. 61, 459\u2013484 (2010).<\/span><\/section>\n
177. Birch, J. The search for invertebrate consciousness. No\u00fbs 56, 133\u2013153 (2020).<\/span><\/section>\n
178. Phillips, I. The methodological puzzle of phenomenal consciousness. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1098\/rstb.2017.0347 (2018).<\/span><\/section>\n

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