{"id":35994,"date":"2022-07-21T20:39:28","date_gmt":"2022-07-21T12:39:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35994"},"modified":"2022-07-21T20:39:28","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T12:39:28","slug":"%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%a6%e5%ae%b6%e6%94%b9%e5%86%99%e5%af%bc%e8%87%b4%e6%97%a0%e5%ba%8f%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e5%ae%9a%e5%be%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=35994","title":{"rendered":"\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6539\u5199\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5b9a\u5f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u6240\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u795e\u5723\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u59cb\u7ec8\u5efa\u7acb\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u5173\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u65b0\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5c06\u5176\u771f\u6b63\u6765\u6e90\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

Philip Ball <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6f58\u4f73\u680b <\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>
<\/section>\n
\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u6700\u795e\u5723\u7684\u3002\u71b5\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u51cf\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e9a\u745f\u00b7\u827e\u4e01\u987f<\/span>\uff08Arthur Eddington\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u51761928\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u672c\u8d28<\/span>\u300b\uff08the Nature of the Physical World\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u559c\u6b22\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u7ec4\u5c31\u7cdf\u7cd5\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9a8c\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u2014\u2014\u55ef\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u6709\u65f6\u4f1a\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u641e\u7838\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u8fdd\u80cc\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u9664\u4e86\u5d29\u6e83\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u201d\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e00\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6b63\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u5b83\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b83\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u6982\u7387\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff1a\u5b83\u89c4\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u63cf\u8ff0\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u559c\u6b22\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u201d\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Chiara Marletto[1]\u8bf4\u3002\u80fd\u5426\u5c06\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6536\u7d27\u4e3a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5bf9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8bb8\u591a\u72ec\u7acb\u56e2\u961f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u6df1\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u53d6\u51b3\u7ecf\u5178\u6982\u7387\uff0c\u800c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ea0\u7f20\u7b49\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u5b83\u6e90\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u5171\u4eab\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u51b3\u5b9a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u91cf\u5b50\u539f\u7406\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u71b5\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8d44\u6e90\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

1. \u91cf\u5b50\u5fc5\u7136\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u5728 19 \u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u6784\u601d\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u70ed\u91cf\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u529f\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u968f\u7740\u84b8\u6c7d\u52a8\u529b\u63a8\u52a8\u5de5\u4e1a\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8feb\u5207\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u5907\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u6548\u7387\u9ad8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5236\u9020\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u63d0\u4f9b\u592a\u591a\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5b83\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u652f\u914d\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe1\uff1aChiara Marletto, \u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u6761\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u662f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8bf4\u80fd\u91cf\u603b\u662f\u5b88\u6052\u7684\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8bf4\u70ed\u603b\u662f\u4ece\u70ed\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u6d41\u5411\u51b7\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c06\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7528\u71b5\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u53d8\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u6574\u4f53\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u71b5\u5927\u81f4\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u5965\u5730\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5c06\u5176\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u603b\u6570\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cf\uff1a\u5176\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u6392\u5217\u591a\u5c11\u7b49\u4ef7\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u9996\u5148\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u5355\u4e2a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u53ca\u65f6\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u610f\u5473\u7740\u53d8\u5316\u5fc5\u987b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u589e\u52a0\u71b5\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u7bad\u5934\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u4ece\u8fc7\u53bb\u6d41\u5411\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u5f00\u59cb\u2014\u2014\u51fa\u4e8e\u5c1a\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u6216\u5546\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u5904\u4e8e\u4f4e\u71b5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5411\u9ad8\u71b5\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6700\u7ec8\u70ed\u91cf\u4f1a\u5747\u5300\u5730\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u529b\u2014\u201419\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u6cae\u4e27\u7684\u524d\u666f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u70ed\u5bc2\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u5bf9\u71b5\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u8be5\u65b9\u5411\u6027\u3002\u66f4\u65e0\u5e8f\u4e14\u71b5\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u591a\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u8d85\u8fc7\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u4f4e\u71b5\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5206\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u66f4\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff1a\u5b83\u662f\u5927\u6570\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u6ca1\u6709\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f60\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7a7a\u6c14\u5206\u5b50\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5076\u7136\u805a\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5b83\u5f15\u5bfc\u6211\u4eec\u8d70\u5411\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5e76\u8feb\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e8e\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u53ef\u80fd\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5177\u6709\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u5141\u8bb8\u5355\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u51fa\u73b0\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u96c6\u5408\u7a76\u7adf\u4f1a\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe2\uff1a\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0cDavid Deutsch\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6David Deutsch[2]\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5bfb\u6c42\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u79cd\u56f0\u5883\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u5982\u4ed6\u6240\u8bf4\uff09<\/span>\u201c\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6982\u7387\u548c\u968f\u673a\u6027\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5728\u548cMarletto\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u5b50\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08constructor theory\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u786e\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6784\u9020\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u65e8\u5728\u7528\u5173\u4e8e\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8f6c\u6362\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u6240\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5f00\u59cb\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ee5\u5faa\u73af\u65b9\u5f0f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u201c\u673a\u5668\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u540d\u7684\u5361\u8bfa\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7528\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u540e\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u201c\u5047\u8bbe\u4f60\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7528\u7816\u5934\u76d6\u623f\u5b50\uff0c\u201dMarletto\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u673a\u5668\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u90fd\u662f\u6784\u9020\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5faa\u73af\u4e2d\u5de5\u4f5c\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5f53\u623f\u5b50\u5efa\u9020\u5b8c\u6210\u65f6\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5230\u539f\u6765\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u67d0\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u64a4\u9500\u3002\u5efa\u9020\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u673a\u5668\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u62c6\u9664\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7816\u5757\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u540e\u8005\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Marletto\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u9002\u5408\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u4e0e\u8be5\u4efb\u52a1\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f46\u53cd\u5411\u4efb\u52a1\u5c06\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u201c\u8fd9\u53f0\u673a\u5668\u53ea\u80fd\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5b83\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u201d\u5979\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cMarletto\u4e0e\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6Vlatko Vedral[3]\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u6784\u9020\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u786e\u5b9e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u6839\u636e\u672c\u8eab\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u7684\uff0c\u201d\u5979\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6d89\u53ca\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279<\/span> (qubits) <\/span>\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6216\u4e24\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u6216\u53e0\u52a0\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f53\u5355\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4dB\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ece\u67d0\u4e2a\u521d\u59cb\u7684\u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u72b6\u6001B1\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u72b6\u6001B2\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4f7f\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u4e92\u4f9d\u8d56\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9664\u975e\u4f60\u540c\u65f6\u67e5\u770b\u6240\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4f60\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u5168\u8868\u5f81\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Marletto\u8bf4\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u91cf\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5c06B\u5e26\u5165\u72b6\u6001B2\u3002B\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u884c\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5c06B1\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3aB2\u3002\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u64a4\u6d88\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c06 B2\u8f6c\u56deB1\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06B\u6cbf\u884c\u9001\u56de\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u6b21\u8f6c\u6362\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4f7f\u7528\u65b0\u7684B\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u7ec4\u91cd\u7528\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u600e\u4e48\u529e\uff1fMarletto\u53ca\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u6570\u91cf\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4f60\u91cd\u590d\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u884c\uff0c\u5219\u9635\u5217\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ea7\u751f\u4eceB1\u5230B2\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u4f46\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u8be5\u884c\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4eceB2\u5230B1\u7684\u53cd\u5411\u8f6c\u6362\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528B\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u548c\u5149\u7ea4\u7535\u8def\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u6392\u4e09\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u4efb\u610f\u903c\u8fd1\u6784\u9020\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u201dMarletto\u8bf4\u3002\u8f6c\u6362\u5b58\u5728\u975e\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f6c\u6362\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u7eaf\u91cf\u5b50\u6001 (B1) \u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u6df7\u5408\u6001 (B2\uff0c\u4e0e\u884c\u7ea0\u7f20)\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5b83\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4e24\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u4f60\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6307\u5b9a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u800c\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u7eaf\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u5230\u6df7\u5408\u6001\u6bd4\u53cd\u4e4b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u7eaf\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea0\u7f20\u6563\u5e03\uff0c\u5f88\u96be\u6062\u590d\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u597d\u6bd4\u4e00\u6ef4\u58a8\u6c34\u5206\u6563\u5728\u6c34\u4e2d\u540e\u8bd5\u56fe\u91cd\u65b0\u5f62\u6210\u58a8\u6c34\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u201c\u53ea\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6f14\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u201dMarletto\u8bf4\u3002\u5b83\u6ca1\u6709\u7edf\u8ba1\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7531\u7ec4\u5206\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u731c\u60f3\u662f\uff0c\u201dMarletto\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u4e8e\u6b64\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

2. \u673a\u5668\u4e2d\u7684\u5996\u7cbe<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u601d\u8003\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5b83\u9996\u5148\u7531\u82cf\u683c\u5170\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u514b\u62c9\u514b\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6<\/span>\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff09<\/span>\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0e\u73bb\u5c14\u5179\u66fc\u521b\u7acb\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5f53\u65f6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c06\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u95ee\u9898\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5bf9\u5b87\u5b99\u70ed\u5bc2\u8bba\u548c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7834\u574f\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\u65e0\u60c5\u53d8\u5316\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u795e\u5b66\u542b\u4e49\u611f\u5230\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u57281867\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u60f3\u65b9\u8bbe\u6cd5\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u4e2d\u201c\u6316\u6d1e\u201d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u70e6\u607c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5996\u7cbe\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u201c\u65e0\u7528\u201d\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u91cd\u65b0\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u505a\u529f\u8d44\u6e90\u3002\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u5206\u5b50\u201c\u66f4\u70ed\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f97\u66f4\u5feb\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e5f\u66f4\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u662f\u968f\u673a\u6df7\u5408\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u5f02\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fdb\u5165\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996[4]\u3002\u5b83\u5c06\u6c14\u4f53\u9694\u95f4\u4e00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e8c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b89\u88c5\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e0\u6469\u64e6\u7684\u6d3b\u677f\u95e8\u3002\u6076\u9b54\u8ba9\u5728\u9694\u95f4\u5468\u56f4\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u8f83\u70ed\u5206\u5b50\u6cbf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u901a\u8fc7\u6d3b\u677f\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u53cd\u5411\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u6076\u9b54\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\u6709\u70ed\u6c14\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u6709\u51b7\u6c14\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u68af\u5ea6\u6765\u9a71\u52a8\u67d0\u4e9b\u673a\u5668\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5229\u7528\u5206\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u6876\u77f3\u6cb9\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u529f\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5229\u7528\u5b83\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u8feb\u4f7f\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8c08\u8bba\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u548c\u96c6\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd1\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bc1\u660e\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\u4e0d\u4f1a\u98a0\u8986\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5fc5\u987b\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u88ab\u62b9\u53bb\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e3a\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\u817e\u51fa\u7a7a\u95f4\u30021961 \u5e74\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Rolf Landauer\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u6d88\u8017\u6700\u5c11\u503c\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u6c38\u8fdc\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b8c\u6210\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u64e6\u9664\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4fe1\u606f\u64e6\u9664\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u53ea\u662f\u63a8\u8fdf\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u88ab\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u89c6\u89d2\u73b0\u5728\u88ab\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u2014\u2014\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c06\u6c14\u4f53\u7c92\u5b50\u89c6\u4e3a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7403\u3002\u4f46\u5b83\u4e5f\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ecf\u5178\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u539f\u7406\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u4f7f\u4fe1\u606f\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u975e\u7ecf\u5178\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f20\u64ad\u548c\u64cd\u7eb5\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6446\u8131\u56f0\u6270\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7ecf\u5178\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u9ebb\u70e6\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u56fe\u666f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u53d6\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u3002\u5361\u5c14\u52a0\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u7684Carlo Maria Scandolo[5]\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u65b0\u9896\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6574\u4f53\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe3\uff1a\u5361\u5c14\u52a0\u91cc\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Carlo Maria Scandolo\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u5173\u4e8e\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u6001\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5bf9\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u4ea7\u751f\u90e8\u5206\u6001\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7ea0\u7f20\u3002\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0e\u5b83\u7684\u73af\u5883\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4f1a\u4e22\u5931\uff1a\u5b83\u6700\u7ec8\u5904\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6df7\u5408\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f60\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ece\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e86\u89e3\u5b83\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u7528\u6982\u7387\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u65e0\u4ece\u77e5\u6653\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fe1\u606f\u5728\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u77e5\u7684\u3002Scandolo\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u201c\u7ea0\u7f20\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6982\u7387\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5b58\u5728\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u73af\u5883\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\u624d\u6709\u6548\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\u3002Scandolo\u4e0e\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u7684Giulio Chiribella[6]\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u56db\u6761\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u56db\u6761\u516c\u7406\u662f\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u663e\u6027\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08sensible thermodynamics\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u57fa\u4e8e\u6982\u7387\u7684\u516c\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7ea0\u7f20\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u9006\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982\u4f55\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe4\uff1a\u9999\u6e2f\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Giulio Chiribella\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
Scandolo\u548cChiribella\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u516c\u7406\uff0c\u65e0\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u9006\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5173\u8054\u662f\u8fde\u63a5\u7ea0\u7f20\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u4e0e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u201c\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f<\/span>\uff08mutual information\uff09<\/span>\u201d\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u71b5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4e5f\u662f\u71b5\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u5219\u73af\u5883\u7684\u71b5\u5fc5\u987b\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e24\u4e2a\u71b5\u4e4b\u548c\u53ea\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u3002Scandolo\u8bf4\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u7406\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u71b5\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u5047\u8bbe\u5b83\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u70ed\u529b\u5b66<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
\u60f3\u8981\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u6700\u901a\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u518d\u6b21\u8c08\u5230\u54ea\u4e9b\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u54ea\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u201c\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u548c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u4e8e\u67d0\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u201d\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Nicole Yunger Halpern[7]\u8bf4\u3002<\/span>\uff08Scandolo\u4e5f\u5c06\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u878d\u5165\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u56fe\u666f\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u666f\u4e2d\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6839\u672c\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u901a\u5e38\u8868\u793a\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u5b9a\u7406\u201d\uff1a\u58f0\u660e\u8bf4\u201c\u4f60\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\uff01\u201d\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u590d\u5236\u672a\u77e5\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u4e0d\u53ef\u514b\u9686<\/span>\uff08quantum nocloning\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u79f0\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u201c\u4e00\u65e6\u4f60\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u81ea\u7531\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u59cb\u63a8\u7406\u54ea\u4e9b\u8f6c\u6362\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u8be2\u95ee\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u6548\u7387\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u201dYunger Halpern\u8bf4\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e00\u5806\u7164\uff0c\u6765\u70b9\u71c3\u7089\u5b50\u548c\u9a71\u52a8\u84b8\u6c7d\u673a\u3002\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u8ba9\u9ea6\u514b\u65af\u97e6\u5996\u5728\u66f4\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u98a0\u8986\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u5141\u8bb8\u653e\u5927\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7ec6\u8282\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8003\u8651\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e2d\u8bf4\u660e\u4ec0\u4e48\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u3002Yunger Halpern\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u71b5\u5fc5\u987b\u7b49\u4e8e\u6216\u5927\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u71b5\uff09<\/span>\u53ea\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u603b\u548c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u8f6c\u5316\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f46\u201c\u8c03\u67e5\u8fd9\u4e9b\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201dYunger Halpern\u8bf4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u68c0\u67e5\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n
\u56fe5\uff1a\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Nicole Yunger Halpern\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u7684\u8ff7\u4f60\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u201c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f20\u7edf\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u7684\u8f6c\u6362\uff0c\u4f46\u88ab\u66f4\u7ec6\u81f4\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u96c6\u5408\u6240\u7981\u6b62\uff0c\u201dYunger Halpern\u8bf4\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5979\u8865\u5145\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7ef4\u4e5f\u7eb3\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Markus M\u00fcller[8]\u8bf4\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u6cd5\u201c\u627f\u8ba4\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7b49\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u5b8c\u5168\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u63a8\u5bfc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7684\u677e\u6563\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u6d89\u53ca\u201c\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u610f\u4e49\u201d\u3002\u4e0e\u5176\u8bf4\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u5927\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u5c5e\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8bf4\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u6e90\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6297\u8861\u7684\u6e38\u620f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u7528\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8fd8\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u3002Yunger Halpern\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e22\u5f03\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u6216\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ddf\u8e2a\u4fe1\u606f\u2014\u2014\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

4. \u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u95ee\u9898<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/section>\n
\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cd\u5efa\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u4e86\u5fb7\u56fd\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6David Hilbert\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u30021900\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e8623\u4e2a\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u4e2d\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u6e05\u5355\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u7528\u516c\u7406\u6765\u5904\u7406\u4eca\u5929\u90a3\u4e9b\u6570\u5b66\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u201d\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u62c5\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ed6\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u76f8\u5f53\u6b66\u65ad\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u80fd\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u4e25\u683c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c1d\u8bd5\u63a8\u5bfc\u57fa\u672c\u516c\u7406\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe6\uff1aDavid Hilbert\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 23 \u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6307\u5bfc\u4e86 20 \u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u6570\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u516c\u7406\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4ecd\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u4f7f\u7528\u6bd4\u4f20\u7edf\u516c\u7406\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u3001\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u66f4\u900f\u660e\u7684\u516c\u7406\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u663e\u7136\u4e5f\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u201c\u6982\u7387\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u5411\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u719f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5426\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u7834\u89e3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u54c1\u5473\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u201c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u7b2c\u516d\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u8fdc\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u548c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u201dScandolo\u8bf4\u3002\u201c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7cbe\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u63a8\u5bfc\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u4ef7\u503c\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u89e3\u51b3\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u52a0\u6df1\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8d8a\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u524d\u63d0\u5c31\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u201dYunger Halpern\u5c06\u7814\u7a76\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u52a8\u673a\u6bd4\u4f5c\u6587\u5b66\u5b66\u8005\u4ecd\u5728\u5206\u6790\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9a\u620f\u5267\u548c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5206\u6790\u201c\u66f4\u6b63\u786e\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u7075\u611f\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u6e90\u5934\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u539f\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1aPhysicists Rewrite the Fundamental Law That Leads to Disorder<\/span><\/section>\n
\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/physicists-trace-the-rise-in-entropy-to-quantum-information-20220526\/<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
\u53c2\u8003\u94fe\u63a5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
[1]https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/with-constructor-theory-chiara-marletto-invokes-the-impossible-20210429\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]https:\/\/www.daviddeutsch.org.uk\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]https:\/\/www.vlatkovedral.com\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]https:\/\/www.quantamagazine.org\/how-maxwells-demon-continues-to-startle-scientists-20210422\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]https:\/\/contacts.ucalgary.ca\/info\/math\/profiles\/1-9063259<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]https:\/\/www.cs.hku.hk\/index.php\/people\/academic-staff\/giulio<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]https:\/\/quantumsteampunk.umiacs.io\/people\/nicole-yunger-halpern\/<\/span><\/section>\n
[8]http:\/\/www.mpmueller.net\/<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

\u590d\u6742\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u9876\u520a\u8bba\u6587\u901f\u9012\u680f\u76ee\u4e0a\u7ebf\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u6536\u5f55\u6765\u81eaNature\u3001Science<\/span>\u7b49\u9876\u520a\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u7f51\u7edc\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6b63\u5f0f\u63a8\u51fa\u8ba2\u9605\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u4fe1\u670d\u52a1\u53f7\u300c\u96c6\u667a\u6591\u56fe\u300d\u63a8\u9001\u8bba\u6587\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u626b\u63cf\u4e0b\u65b9\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7801\u5373\u53ef\u4e00\u952e\u8ba2\u9605\uff1a<\/span>
<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

\u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n