{"id":36151,"date":"2022-07-29T19:53:45","date_gmt":"2022-07-29T11:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=36151"},"modified":"2022-07-29T19:53:45","modified_gmt":"2022-07-29T11:53:45","slug":"%e5%89%8d%e6%b2%bf%e7%bb%bc%e8%bf%b0%ef%bc%9a%e7%9b%b8%e5%8f%98%e6%80%8e%e6%a0%b7%e5%a1%91%e9%80%a0%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=36151","title":{"rendered":"\u524d\u6cbf\u7efc\u8ff0\uff1a\u76f8\u53d8\u600e\u6837\u5851\u9020\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pierre-Fran\u00e7ois Lenne & Vikas Trivedi<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d75\u96e8\u4ead<\/span> <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Sculpting tissues by phase transitions<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08biological tissues\uff09<\/span>\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7<\/span>\uff08organization\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u4e0e\u4efb\u4f55\u591a\u7ec4\u5206\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u7ec4\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u6216\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u56fa\u4f53\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u7c92\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3001\u521a\u6027\u3001\u5bf9\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u62b5\u6297\u529b\u7b49\u7279\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u4e30\u5bcc\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66<\/span>\uff08phenomenology\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5176\u90bb\u5c45\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u4ecb\u8d28\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u4ecb\u8d28\u901a\u5e38\u4e5f\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u672c\u8eab\u4ea7\u751f<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9aa8\u5934\u3001\u8f6f\u9aa8\u6216\u6811\u76ae\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u72b6\u6750\u6599\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u66f4\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u754c\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u80da\u80ce\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u5f62\u72b6\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u62d3\u6251\u91cd\u6392\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9020\u6210\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u80a0\u80da\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80da\u80ce\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f3a\u70c8\u62b5\u6297\u5f62\u72b6\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6db2\u4f53\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6d41\u4f53\u6db2\u76f8\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u7a0b\u4e0a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u5982\u6db2\u6676[1]\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72b6\u6001\u89c6\u4e3a\u6c14\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6c14\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u7531\u4e8e\u6765\u81ea\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ea4\u7ef4\u7d20\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u58c1\u5185\u7684\u6db2\u6ce1\u7684\u9971\u548c\u81a8\u80c0\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u96c6\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u690d\u7269\u6839\u90e8\u3001\u690d\u7269\u8109\u7ba1\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u66f4\u201c\u6c38\u4e45\u201d\u7684\u7c7b\u56fa\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u5176\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28 <\/span>(ECM) <\/span>\u6216\u77ff\u7269\u8d28\u5206\u6ccc\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7532\u58f3\u7c7b\u52a8\u7269\u6216\u6606\u866b\u58f3\u3001\u9aa8\u5934\u6216\u6811\u76ae\u3001\u6216\u8f6f\u9aa8\uff09\uff08\u56fe 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 1\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7269\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u5b66\u3002\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u7269\u8d28\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6d41\u4f53\u548c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u5176\u90bb\u5c45\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6c14\u4f53\u72b6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u9e21\u80da\u4e2d\u7684\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de[21]\uff09\u3001\u6db2\u4f53\u72b6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u679c\u8747\u539f\u80a0\u80da\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7[112]\uff09\u6216\u56fa\u4f53\u72b6\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9aa8\u5934\u3001\u8f6f\u9aa8\u3001\u6811\u76ae\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u548c\u76f8\u90bb\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0a\u76ae\u548c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28<\/span>\uff08mesenchymal\uff09<\/span>\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fa\u4f53\u6216\u6db2\u4f53\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u76ae\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5f3a\u7c98\u9644\u6027\u548c\u7d27\u5bc6\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u8868\u5f81\u677e\u6563\u5806\u79ef\u7684\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u4e2a\u4f53\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u9650\u5236\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u5185\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u8be5\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7956\u533a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u9010\u6e10\u201c\u51dd\u56fa\u201d\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u9610\u660e\u4e86\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u6d41\u4f53\u5230\u56fa\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdb\u5165\u524d\u4f53\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u5b83\u4eec\u66f4\u52a0\u5806\u79ef[2]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5c40\u90e8\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a7\u5236\u51dd\u56fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u6c47\u5408\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u51dd\u56fa\u662f\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u7c98\u9644\u548c\u76ae\u8d28\u5f20\u529b[3]\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u548c\u7ec6\u80de-\u57fa\u8d28\u7c98\u9644[4]\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u7d27\u5bc6\u5806\u79ef\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u201c\u6d41\u4f53\u72b6\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u548c\/\u6216\u96c6\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8[5]\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u76f8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u5171\u5b58\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u7c07\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c07\u6b63\u5728\u4e0e\u6c14\u4f53\u76f8\u4ea4\u6362\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u7684\u5171\u5b58\u5728\u4f53\u5916\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5355\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u7c7b\u6c14\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u7ec6\u80de\u4ece\u6db2\u4f53\u6216\u751a\u81f3\u7c7b\u56fa\u4f53\u80bf\u7624\u53d1\u6563\u7684\u80bf\u7624<\/span>\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u201c\u84b8\u53d1\u201d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u6db2\u6ef4\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c07\u80fd\u591f\u4ece\u539f\u53d1\u6027\u80bf\u7624\u8fc1\u79fb\u5e76\u4f20\u64ad\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4fdd\u6301\u5176\u4e0a\u76ae\u7279\u5f81[7]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60f0\u6027\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08timescale\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u7684\u751f\u957f\u548c\u6750\u6599\u7279\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u5fae\u89c2<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\uff09<\/span>\u7279\u6027\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u5b8f\u89c2<\/span>\uff08\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8868\u9762\u6216\u819c\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7ec6\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u91cd\u6392\u3001\u5185\u90e8\u7ec6\u80de\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u690d\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u6db2\u6ce1\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u77ed\u6682\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u6216\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u5230\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u65f6\u95f4\u8303\u56f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u51e0\u5206\u949f<\/span>\uff08\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u539f\u80a0\u80da\u5f62\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u51e0\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6<\/span>\uff08\u5c0f\u9f20\u539f\u80a0\u80da\u5f62\u6210\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u51e0\u5929<\/span>\uff08\u764c\u75c7\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u80da\u5c42\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u5176\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u65f6\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5c06\u5176\u72b6\u6001\u4ece\u7c7b\u56fa\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u4e3a\u7c7b\u6d41\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd9\u79cd\u4ece\u521a\u6027\u5230\u6d41\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7c7b\u56fa\u4f53\u76f8<\/span>\uff08solid-like phase\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7c7b\u6db2\u4f53\u76f8<\/span>\uff08liquid-like phase\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u80bf\u7624\u53d1\u751f\u671f\u95f4\u548c\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u80b2\u671f\u95f4\u3002\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8f6c\u53d8\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f46\u6df7\u5408\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u548c\u7c7b\u6d41\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u7edf\u5177\u6709\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u6846 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u60f0\u6027\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u6750\u6599<\/span>\uff08\u517c\u5177\u7c98\u6027\u4e0e\u5f39\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7c98\u6027\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a[9,10]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u53d1\u751f\u663e\u7740\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u540e\u7eed\u5c06\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fa\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5230\u6d41\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u6846 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u7279\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u521a\u6027\u6216\u6d41\u4f53\u72b6\u6001\uff09<\/span>\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u6846 1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u4e0d\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4e00\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u6e10\u8fdb\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4e8c\u7ea7\u76f8\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c34\u4ece\u6db2\u4f53\u5230\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6676\u683c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u751f\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u94c1\u78c1\u6750\u6599\u5219\u4f1a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5185\u90e8\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u6216\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\uff09<\/span>\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u6216\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u6e10\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5185\u90e8\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u751f\u957f\u901f\u7387\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u3001\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u7c98\u9644\u3001\u6392\u5217\u7b49\u3002\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6d41\u4f53\u5230\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e2d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u957f\u7a0b\u7ed3\u6676\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u521a\u6027\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u5728\u56fa\u4f53\u548c\u6db2\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5835\u585e<\/strong><\/span>\uff08<\/span>jamming<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u89c1\u6846 2\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8ba8\u8bba\u7528\u4e8e\u60f0\u6027\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6ce1\u6cab\u3001\u4e73\u6db2\u3001\u9897\u7c92\u6750\u6599\u548c\u73bb\u7483\u3002\u53d7\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u5835\u585e\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9a\u4e49 2D \u548c 3D \u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u521a\u6027\u7684\u51fa\u73b0[2,4,11,12.13,14,15,16,17,18,19]\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u62e5\u6324\u3001\u5f20\u529b\u9a71\u52a8\u521a\u6027\u548c\u6ce2\u52a8\u51cf\u5c11\u2014\u2014\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u5355\u72ec\u6216\u540c\u65f6\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u201c\u5835\u585e\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d[20]\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u591a\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u5e76\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u5b9a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7fa4\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u96c6\u4f53\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u6846 1\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5835\u585e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u89d2\u5ea6\u4ee5\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u6709\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u65e0\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u6846 1\uff09\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u6d41\u4f53\u5230\u56fa\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7269\u7406\u51b3\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff08\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u538b\u529b\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u54ea\u4e9b\u6807\u51c6\u786e\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u63d0\u51fa\u5728\u539f\u4f4d\u68c0\u6d4b\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u63a8\u6d4b\u6d41\u4f53\/\u56fa\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u6279\u5224\u6027\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u5e38\u89c4\u76f8\u53d8\u4e4b\u95f4\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n
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\u68461\uff08\u8865\u5145\u6982\u5ff5\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\uff08Viscoelasticity\uff09<\/strong><\/span>\u3002\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u662f\u7531\u7c98\u6027\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u6750\u6599\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5982\u805a\u5408\u7269\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u6d41\u4f53\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7eaf\u56fa\u4f53\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u6709\u7c98\u6027\u548c\u5f39\u6027\u7279\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6750\u6599\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u54cd\u5e94\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u52a0\u8f7d\u6216\u5378\u8f7d\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u51e0\u5341\u79d2\u5230\u51e0\u5206\u949f\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6709\u5f39\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u51e0\u5341\u5206\u949f\u5230\u51e0\u5c0f\u65f6\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7c98\u6027\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\uff08\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff09\u76f8\u53d8\uff08Thermodynamic phase transition\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u76f8\u53d8\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7269\u8d28\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u5982\u56fa\u6001\u3001\u6db2\u6001\u6216\u6c14\u6001\u3002\u76f8\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28(\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3001\u987a\u5e8f) \uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u662f\u5747\u5300\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u53d8\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\uff08\u5982\u538b\u529b\u6216\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u6c14\u538b\u4e0b\u5f53\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f4e\u4e8e0 \u00b0C \u65f6\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u51dd\u56fa\u6210\u7ed3\u6676\u51b0\u3002\u5728\u51dd\u56fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e73\u79fb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u88ab\u6253\u7834\uff0c\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6676\u683c\u3002\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u5982\u6606\u866b\u7684\u590d\u773c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u957f\u7a0b\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0e\u6db2\u4f53\/\u6676\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7c7b\u6bd4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\uff08\u68462\uff09\uff0c\u5df2\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5927\u7c7b\u6750\u6599\u5305\u62ec\u9897\u7c92\u4ecb\u8d28\u3001\u80f6\u4f53\u60ac\u6d6e\u6db2\u3001\u6d46\u4f53\u3001\u6ce1\u6cab\u548c\u73bb\u7483\u5f62\u6210\u6db2\u4f53\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\uff08Kinetic phase transition\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u90e8\u4ef6\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u566a\u58f0\uff08\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4ece\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u968f\u673a\uff08\u65e0\u5e8f\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8\u5230\u5bf9\u9f50\uff08\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u6709\u5e8f\uff09\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5f53\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u901a\u8fc7\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\u201d\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u805a\u96c6\u76f8\u53d8flocking phase transition\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f4e\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff08\u5982\u89d2\u8d28\u5f62\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\uff09\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u8fde\u8d2f\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\uff1b\u5b83\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4ece\u65e0\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8[33]\u3002\u5728\u9e1f\u7fa4\u548c\u9c7c\u7fa4\u4e2d\u4e5f\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8[104]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6709\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08Ordered system\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff1a\u6676\u4f53\u56fa\u4f53\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u6210\u5468\u671f\u6027\u7684\u6676\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u6db2\u4f53\u5219\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u76f8\u53d8\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u5e8f\u5217\u53d8\u5316\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6db2\u4f53\u5411\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7ed3\u6784\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\u73bb\u7483\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u5468\u671f\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u673a\u68b0\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u5f97\u50cf\u56fa\u4f53\u3002\u4ece\u6db2\u4f53\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u73bb\u7483\u676f\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u51b7\u5374\uff0c\u4ee5\u9632\u6b62\u7ed3\u6676\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e8f\u5217\u91cd\u6392\u662f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u76f8\u5173\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6709\u5e8f\/\u65e0\u5e8f\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5316\u3002\u73bb\u7483\u50cf\u6db2\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u5374\u6709\u50cf\u56fa\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u5f81\uff08\u521a\u6027\uff09\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u4e8c\u3001\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff1a\u5206\u5b50\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u60f0\u6027\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u7531\u6709\u9650\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u4f53\u79ef\u548c\u5e94\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u6846 1\uff0c\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u53c2\u6570\u6570\u91cf\u5c06\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u76f8\u56fe\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u7ef4\u76f8\u56fe\u3002\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u751f\u5316\u7684<\/span>\uff08pH\u3001O2<\/sub>\u3001\u4fe1\u53f7\u5206\u5b50\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u7269\u7406\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u538b\u529b\u3001\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u901a\u5e38\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u66ff\u6362\u4e3a\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u5e94\u7269\u6765\u4f7f\u6807\u51c6\u6db2\u56fa\u76f8\u56fe\u9002\u5e94\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5f88\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u5386\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5355\u5c42\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6e29\u5ea6\uff0c\u7528\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4ee3\u66ff\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\uff0c\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u7c98\u9644\u7684\u5012\u6570\u4ee3\u66ff\u5e94\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 2\uff09<\/span>[18]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u6570\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u53ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\u548c\u6765\u6e90\uff0c\u5e76\u63a2\u8ba8\u53d1\u80b2\u548c\u75be\u75c5\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u56fa-\u6db2\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u56fe 2\uff1a\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\u3002A \u53d7\u6e29\u5ea6\u3001\u538b\u529b\u6216\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7b49\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ecf\u5386\u4ece\u6d41\u4f53\u5230\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u5835\u585e\u7684\u521a\u6027\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u957f\u7a0b\u6709\u5e8f\u6027\u3002\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u76f8\u56fe\u5177\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u6ce2\u52a8\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u5e94\u529b\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570[2]\u3002B \u5728\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u7684\u8f74\u5411\u4f38\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7956\u533a\uff08MPZ\uff0c\u84dd\u8272\uff09\u6210\u719f\u4e3a\u524d\u80da\u4f53\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\uff08PSM\uff0c\u6a59\u8272\uff09\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u5728 MPZ \u5185\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u957f\u5ea6\u6ce2\u52a8\uff08\u9ad8\u6709\u6548\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u548c\u66f4\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6db2\u72b6\uff0c\u800c\u524d\u80da\u4f53\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u6df7\u5408\u56e0\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u7a7a\u95f4\u8f83\u5c0f\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u6ce2\u52a8\u4f4e\u800c\u505c\u6b62\uff08\u4f4e\u6709\u6548\u6e29\u5ea6\uff09\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5835\u585e\u5145\u5f53\u521a\u6027\u652f\u6491\uff0c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u81a8\u80c0\uff08\u4f38\u957f\uff09\u671d\u540e\u65b9\u5411\u504f\u7f6e[2,41]\u3002C \u5e74\u8f7b\u4f53\u8282\u540e\u8fb9\u754c\u7684F-\u808c\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u548c\u808c\u7403\u86cb\u767d II \u9010\u6e10\u79ef\u7d2f\u5bfc\u81f4\u5c40\u90e8\u5f20\u529b\u6ce2\u52a8\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u77ac\u65f6\u6d41\u4f53\u5316\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u5851\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u8fb9\u754c\u5f20\u529b\u589e\u52a0\u548c\u6d41\u5316\uff0c\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u6784\u88ab\u7269\u7406\u5730\u5939\u65ad\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u4f1a\u6062\u590d\u5230\u5176\u521a\u6027\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u72b6[40]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0e\u91cd\u6392\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e0e\u60f0\u6027\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u6240\u89e6\u53d1\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u65e9\u671f\u80da\u80ce\u5f62\u6001\u6700\u663e\u8457\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u8eab\u4f53\u5f62\u72b6\u6cbf\u524d\u540e\u8f74\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38 (A-P) \u3002\u5728\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u8eab\u4f53\u5ef6\u4f38\u6d89\u53ca\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc1\u79fb\u3001\u7ec6\u80de\u589e\u6b96\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u3002\u5728\u96cf\u9e21\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u540e\u4f38\u957f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u524d\u80da\u4f53\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42<\/span> (PSM) <\/span>\u4e2d\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u589e\u6b96\u548c\u5206\u7ea7\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684 [21]\u3002\u4ece\u524d\u5230\u540e\u7684\u5206\u7ea7\u968f\u673a\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e3a\u80da\u80ce\u540e\u90e8\u7684\u4f38\u957f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u5411\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u524d\u80da\u4f53\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u5206\u6790\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5176\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6c14\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 1A\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u6bd4\u8f83\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u6d41\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5185\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u6269\u6563\u548c\u5e03\u6717\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u70ed\u6269\u6563\u4e4b\u95f4\u5efa\u7acb\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u6784\u5efa\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6269\u6563\u5e38\u6570\u7684\u201c\u6709\u6548\u6e29\u5ea6\u201d<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u53d1\u80b2\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u7279\u6027\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5c06\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u76f8\u53d8\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u52a8\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6d41\u4f53\u6750\u6599\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u9897\u7c92\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u526a\u5207\u65f6\u4f1a\u76f8\u4e92\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u3002\u5728\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u8bf8\u5982\u808c\u52a8\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6536\u7f29\u7b49\u6d3b\u52a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89e6\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d41\u5316\u3002\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u80da\u80ce\u6210\u5f62\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u679c\u8747\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u80da\u5e26\u4f38\u957f[22, 24]\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u5d4c\u5165\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u7531\u6536\u7f29\u6027\u808c\u52a8\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u7f51\u7edc\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8fde\u63a5\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u91cd\u5851\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5f39\u6027\u53d8\u5f62<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3B\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
<\/section>\n

\u56fe 3\uff1a\u7531\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u76f8\u53d8\u3002<\/span>A \u5728\u96cf\u9e21\u524d\u80da\u4f53\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42 (PSM) \u4e2d\uff0c\u95f4\u5145\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5e03\u6717\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5177\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u6db2\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u4eec\u5728 Fgf \u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u4ece\u540e\u90e8\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u524d\u90e8\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u5386\u9010\u6e10\u7684\u201c\u56fa\u5316\u201d[21]\u3002B \u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u808c\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u4f9d\u8d56\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u5728\u679c\u8747\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u79cd\u5e26\u4f38\u957f\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u90bb\u5c45\u4ea4\u6362\u800c\u5448\u73b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6db2\u6001[112]\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f39\u6027\u53d8\u5f62\u5728\u90bb\u5c45\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u914d\u7f6e\u3002C\u3001D \u8fd0\u52a8\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u81ea\u63a8\u8fdb\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u6709\u5e8f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5e26\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6270\u52a8\uff08\u7531\u7eff\u8272\u9634\u5f71\u8868\u793a\uff09\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5176\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u7531\u84dd\u8272\u5706\u5708\u8868\u793a\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u968f\u7740\u7c92\u5b50\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u566a\u58f0\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u800c\u9010\u6e10\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u5bf9\u79f0\u7834\u7f3a[31,33]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n
\u5728\u96cf\u9e21\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u6765\u81ea\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4e3b\u52a8\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\uff1a\u5b50\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u5206\u88c2\u540e\u76f8\u4e92\u5206\u79bb\u5e76\u91cd\u5851\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u9644\u8fd1\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fde\u63a5[25]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c40\u90e8\u91cd\u6392\u662f\u539f\u80a0\u80da\u6210\u578b\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u88ab\u6291\u5236\uff0c\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f4e\u808c\u52a8\u7403\u86cb\u767d\u6536\u7f29\u6027\u4fc3\u8fdb\u539f\u80a0\u80da\u5f62\u6210\u671f\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u91cd\u5851\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u808c\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u963b\u6b62\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u91cd\u6392\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u9884\u6d4b\u5f39\u6027\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2<\/span>\uff08\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u51cb\u4ea1\uff09<\/span>\u5f15\u5165\u52a8\u6001\u91cd\u7ec4\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u91cd\u7ec4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u526a\u5207\u548c\u4f53\u79ef\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u7c7b\u6d41\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a[26]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e3b\u52a8\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u3002\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7ec6\u80de\u91cd\u6392\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u4e3a\u5706\u5f62\u7684\u679c\u8747\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027\u91cd\u6392\u5bfc\u81f4\u5355\u5411\u65cb\u8f6c[27]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5c40\u90e8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/span><\/section>\n
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Vicsek \u7b49\u4eba[31]\u9996\u5148\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u63a2\u8ba8\u4e86\u81ea\u63a8\u8fdb\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u81ea\u53d1\u6709\u5e8f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53d7\u5230\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u7684\u7edd\u5bf9\u901f\u5ea6\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u4e0e\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u534a\u5f84\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u968f\u673a\u6270\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3D\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fdb\u884c\u6570\u503c\u6a21\u62df\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ece\u65e0\u8f6c\u53d8\u5230\u6709\u9650\u51c0\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u76f8\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\uff08kinetic phase transition\uff09<\/strong>\u3002\u4ece\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u94c1\u78c1\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6e29\u5ea6\u5728\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u968f\u673a\u6270\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u901f\u5ea6\u6392\u5217\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u56fa\u4f53-\u6d41\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u51dd\u56fa[32]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u53d8\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u5185\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u566a\u58f0<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u6c34\u5e73\uff09\uff08\u56fe 3C\u3001D\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5bc6\u5ea6\u548c\u566a\u58f0\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f62\u6210\u7fa4\u4f53\uff0c\u6cbf\u968f\u673a\u65b9\u5411\u8fde\u8d2f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5219\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e0a\u5c31\u4f1a\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6709\u5e8f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u81ea\u53d1\u5730\u6cbf\u540c\u4e00\u65b9\u5411\u8fd0\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 3C\u3001D\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u91d1\u9c7c\u89d2\u8d28\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u4e2d\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6210\u7ec4\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c07\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u9644\u8fd1\u5f62\u6210[33]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u79cd\u5411\u6709\u5e8f\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u77ed\u7a0b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u4efb\u4f55\u5173\u4e8e\u90bb\u5c45\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u660e\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u5f53\u4ee5\u9ad8\u7ec6\u80de\u5bc6\u5ea6\u94fa\u677f\u65f6\uff0c\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7531 MDCK \u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e0a\u76ae\u4e2d\u96c6\u4f53\u8fc1\u79fb\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u573a\u975e\u5e38\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u764c\u75c7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u5c0f GTPase RAB5A \u9176\u8fc7\u8868\u8fbe\u65f6\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u96c6\u4f53\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u8054\u60f3\u5230\u52a8\u529b\u5b66<\/span>\uff08\u805a\u96c6\u6027\uff09<\/span>\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u80bf\u7624\u7403\u4f53\u4e2d\u6301\u7eed\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u9010\u6e10\u91cd\u5851\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u95f4\u8d28\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u764c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u4fb5\u88ad\u548c\u6269\u6563\u3002\u5c40\u90e8\u90bb\u57df\u5185\u7ec6\u80de\u8fd0\u52a8\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u8d8b\u5411\u6027\u6216\u673a\u68b0\u8d8b\u5411\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5176\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u51e0\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u76f4\u5f84\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u975e\u4e0a\u76ae\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56fa\u6db2\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u56e0\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 4C\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u5b50\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65e9\u671f\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u662f\u540c\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u901f\u7387\u5c06\u51b3\u5b9a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7279\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u80da\u80ce\uff0c\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u524d 25\u2009\u5c0f\u65f6\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf 15\u2009min \u4f34\u968f\u7740\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u540c\u6b65\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6240\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u6bcf 15\u2009min \u7ecf\u5386\u4e00\u6b21\u6709\u4e1d\u5206\u88c2\u7ec6\u80de\u5706\u5f62\u5316\u548c\u677e\u6563\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u63a5\u89e6\u3002\u8fd9\u663e\u7136\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53ca\u5176\u76f8<\/span>\uff08\u56fa\u4f53\u72b6\u6216\u6db2\u4f53\u72b6\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5426\u76f8\u4e92\u63a5\u89e6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u3001\u6e17\u6d41\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u53d8\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u94fe\u63a5\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u521a\u6027\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6db2\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u5b54\u7269\u8d28\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u96be\u6613\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1a\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u6db2\u4f53\u4e0d\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u201c\u521a\u6027\u6e17\u6d41\u201d<\/span>\uff08percolation of rigidity\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e8e\u6db2\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5145\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u521a\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6e17\u6d41\u3002\u5728\u65e0\u9650\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e17\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u521a\u5ea6\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u94fe\u63a5\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u53d8<\/span>\uff08\u6846 2 \u548c[55]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u6709\u9650\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec6\u80de\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u8fbe\u5230\u9608\u503c\u65f6\uff0c\u5f53\u5e94\u529b\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c3a\u5bf8\u4e0a\u4f20\u64ad\u65f6\uff0c\u7c98\u5ea6\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u80da\u76d8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u521a\u6027\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u7c98\u9644\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u53d8\u5316\u5f15\u8d77\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 4F \u548c[56]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5f53\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u63a5\u89e6\u91cf\u8f83\u4f4e\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f53\u4f46\u9ad8\u4e8e\u8fde\u63a5\u6027\u5de8\u5927\u521a\u6027\u7c07<\/span>\uff08\u6846 2\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u4e34\u754c\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u8de8\u8d8a\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u62b5\u6297\u53d8\u5f62\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5448\u73b0\u884c\u4e3a\u66f4\u50cf\u56fa\u4f53\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7ec4\u5408\u9057\u4f20\u6270\u52a8\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u8fde\u901a\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u964d\u4f4e E-cadherin \u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0b\u8c03 Wnt\/PCP \u9014\u5f84\uff08\u56fe 4C\uff09\u6216\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u53d8\u7ec6\u80de\u547d\u8fd0\u89c4\u8303\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7ec6\u80de\u8fde\u901a\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u521a\u6027\u6e17\u6d41\u5206\u6790\u9884\u6d4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u53d8\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u53d1\u751f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5982\u4f55\u5229\u7528\u76f8\u53d8\u6765\u96d5\u523b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50[57]\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e34\u754c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u76f8\u53d8\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5f00\u8f9f\u65b0\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\uff08Symmetry and symmetry breaking<\/span><\/strong>\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\uff08\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\uff09\u662f\u6307\u7269\u4f53\u5728\u51e0\u4f55\u53d8\u6362\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u53d8\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u5728\u65cb\u8f6c\u4e4b\u540e\u53ef\u4ee5\u6620\u5c04\u5230\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u79f0\u6027\u7834\u7f3a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6700\u7ec8\u72b6\u6001\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6db2\u6001\u6c34\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5b83\u53d8\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u96ea\u82b1\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u5931\u53bb\u4e86\u65cb\u8f6c\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u53ea\u5728\u516d\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u73bb\u7483\u76f8\u53d8\u548c\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\uff08Glass transition and jamming transition\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u73bb\u7483\u8f6c\u53d8\u662f\u6307\u4ece\u7c98\u6027\u6db2\u4f53\u5230\u975e\u6676\u6001\uff08\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\uff0c\u975e\u6676\u6001\uff09\u56fa\u4f53\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u6e29\u5ea6\u8c03\u8282\u4e0b\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u76f8\u53d8\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u6db2\u6001\u6216\u201c\u677e\u8f6f\u201d\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u521a\u6027\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u5b83\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5982\u4ea4\u901a\u5835\u585e\u7684\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6216\u6c99\u5b50\/\u7cd6\u679c\u7684\u5806\u79ef\uff0c\u6216\u73bb\u7483\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u4f34\u968f\u800c\u6765\u7684\u662f\u5404\u7ec4\u5206\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u6025\u5267\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\u662f\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u51bb\u7ed3\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f53\u79ef\u7684\u6c99\u5b50\u5012\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u4f1a\u81ea\u53d1\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u5e76\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u68b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c99\u5806\u3002\u5f53\u80f6\u4f53\u4f53\u79ef\u5206\u6570\u8f83\u5927\u65f6\uff0c\u80f6\u4f53\u7ec4\u6210\u6210\u5206\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff1a\u5728\u9ad8\u6d53\u5ea6\u7684\u786c\u9897\u7c92\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\uff0c\u9897\u7c92\u88ab\u675f\u7f1a\u5728\u7531\u5176\u90bb\u8fd1\u9897\u7c92\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u77ac\u6001\u201c\u7b3c\u5b50\u201d\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u63a5\u8fd1\u5835\u585e\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u201c\u7b3c\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5217\u63a7\u5236\uff08\u51cf\u7f13\uff09\u4e86\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[105]\u548c\u53d8\u5f62\u6297\u529b\u3002\u8fd0\u52a8\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u51cf\u6162\u4e0e\u7c92\u5b50\u96c6\u7fa4\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u5f81\u5c3a\u5bf8\u968f\u62e5\u6324\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u5927[106]\u3002\u5e72\u6270\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u8457\u7279\u6027\u662f\u63a7\u5236\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u9002\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u5bfc\u81f4\u6709\u6548\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u6563\u548c\u6709\u9650\u521a\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u5173\u5835\u585e\u53ca\u5176\u6765\u6e90\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u9605\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e[20]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6e17\u6d41\u548c\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u53d8\uff08Percolation and network phase transitions\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9\u53ca\u94fe\u8def\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u6216\u5220\u9664\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u94fe\u8def\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7f51\u7edc\u5185\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u7c07\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5f53\u8d85\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u94fe\u8def\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u521a\u6027\uff0c\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u521a\u6027\u6e17\u6d41\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d[55,107,108,109,110]\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u76f8\u53d8\uff1a\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u5bc6\u5ea6\u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u5927\u7684\u677e\u8f6f\u533a\u57df\u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u521a\u6027\u8282\u70b9\u56e2\u7c07\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5219\u80fd\u591f\u8de8\u8d8a\u6574\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u521a\u6027\u8282\u70b9\u56e2\u7c07\u4f1a\u7a81\u7136\u6d8c\u73b0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5de8\u5927\u521a\u6027\u56e2\u7c07\uff08Giant Rigid Cluster\uff09[56,110,111]\u3002\u6e17\u6d41\u7406\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e34\u754c\u503c\u662f\u6700\u5927\u5e73\u5747\u63a5\u89e6\u6570\u76842\/3\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u60f0\u6027\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\u5230\u6d41\u4f53\u8f6c\u53d8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7ec4\u6210\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u957f\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u7a81\u7136\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u8bc6\u522b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u6d41\u4f53\u6216\u56fa\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u660e\u663e\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u7684\u76f8\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u751f\u76f8\u53d8\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u663e\u7740\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u6750\u6599\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5267\u70c8\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5835\u585e\u76f8\u53d8\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u7c98\u5ea6\u7684\u53d1\u6563\u548c\u6709\u9650\u521a\u5ea6\u7684\u83b7\u5f97\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u6b64\u7c7b\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u660e\u663e\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u673a\u68b0\u63a2\u6d4b\u5e76\u5728\u539f\u4f4d\u6d4b\u91cf\u5176\u6d41\u53d8\u7279\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u7c7b\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf<\/strong><\/span>\uff08rheological measurements\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u6ce8\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u63a8\u65ad\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u6210\u50cf\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5f62\u72b6\u3002\u7ec4\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u68b0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u7ebf\u7d22\u3002\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u7ec6\u80de\u7fa4\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u53ca\u5176\u6269\u6563\u7279\u6027\u7684\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u76f8\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d41\u4f53\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u9897\u7c92\u81ea\u7531\u6269\u6563\u5e76\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u526a\u5207\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u76f8\u4e92\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u800c\u73bb\u7483<\/span>\uff08\u5835\u585e\u7684\u56fa\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9650\u5236\u9897\u7c92\u6269\u6563\u7684\u201c\u7b3c\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf\uff08\u57fa\u4e8e\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6d41\u53d8\u5b9e\u9a8c\u662f\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d4b\u91cf\u6750\u6599\u5728\u5916\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u548c\u53d8\u5f62\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u901a\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u65e2\u6709\u6280\u672f\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5f00\u53d1<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u7ec6\u7efc\u8ff0\u53c2\u89c1[58]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u673a\u68b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u6216\u63d2\u5165\u529b\u63a2\u9488\u548c\u529b-\u53d8\u5f62\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u786e\u8ba4<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 5\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u5fae\u89c2<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6d4b\u91cf\u6d41\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\u6216\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u6216\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5fae\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u7c7b\u522b\u5305\u62ec\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c<\/span>\uff08\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\uff09<\/span>[10]\u3001\u5fae\u91cf\u79fb\u6db2\u5668\u62bd\u5438[59]\u3001\u5149\u954a[60]\u3001\u4e9a\u7ec6\u80de\u6fc0\u5149\u6d88\u878d\u540e\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u9876\u70b9\u4f4d\u79fb[52]\u548c\u78c1\u73e0\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u529b-\u4f4d\u79fb<\/span>\uff08\u53d8\u5f62\uff09<\/span>\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u63a8\u65ad<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 5A)<\/span>\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5e03\u91cc\u6e0a\u663e\u5fae\u955c[61]\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u7279\u6027\u7684\u65e0\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u65e0\u63a5\u89e6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u793a\u4f8b<\/span>\uff08\u8be6\u89c1[8]\uff09<\/span>\u5305\u62ec\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u529b\u8c31<\/span>\uff08SCFS\uff09<\/span>[62]\u6d4b\u91cf\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7956\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7c98\u9644\uff0c\u878d\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4ee5\u63a8\u65ad\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u5dee\u5f02[63]\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6d4b\u91cf\u975e\u6d32\u722a\u87fe\u5934\u90e8\u4e2d\u80da\u5c42\u7684\u5f39\u6027[64]\u6216\u5185\u76ae\u3001\u5fc3\u808c\u548c\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7684\u7c98\u5f39\u6027[65]\uff0c\u5149\u954a\u5728\u65e9\u671f\u679c\u8747\u4e0a\u76ae\u4e2d\u53d8\u5f62\u7ec6\u80de\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u7c98\u6027\u8017\u6563[9,66]\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u6e0a\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u6765\u7ed8\u5236\u6b63\u5e38\u548c\u60a3\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u89d2\u819c\u5f39\u6027\u7279\u5f81[67]\u6216\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u810a\u7d22\u4e2d\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u57fa\u8d28\u521a\u5ea6[68]\u548c\u5fae\u91cf\u79fb\u6db2\u5668\u62bd\u5438\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\u810a\u690e\u52a8\u7269\u80da\u80ce\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7c98\u5f39\u6027\u5982\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u56ca\u80da[8]\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u722a\u87fe[69]\u3001\u9e21[70]\u548c\u5c0f\u9f20[50]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d41\u53d8\u6d4b\u91cf\u65e8\u5728\u6d4b\u91cf\u7ec6\u80de\u5916\u6216\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\u4e0e\u5fae\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e00\u6837\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u529b-\u53d8\u5f62\u66f2\u7ebf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u53d8\u5f62<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 5B\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ea7\u6fc0\u5149\u6d88\u878d\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u6d4b\u4f24\u53e3\u95ed\u5408\u7684\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027[71]\u3002\u5e73\u884c\u677f\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\u501f\u9274\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u538b\u7f29\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u5f20\u529b\u6548\u5e94\u4e3b\u5bfc\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d8\u5f62\u548c\u5f62\u72b6[72]\u3002\u5fae\u6ef4\u53d8\u5f62\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u521a\u5ea6\u5404\u5411\u5f02\u6027[73]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5747\u5300\u78c1\u573a\u4e0b\u7684\u94c1\u78c1\u6d41\u4f53\u6db2\u6ef4\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u5927\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u54cd\u5e94[74]\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cMongera \u7b49\u4eba[2]\u5728\u6591\u9a6c\u9c7c\u80da\u80ce\u7684\u5c3e\u90e8\u6ce8\u5c04\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u78c1\u53d8\u5f62\u7684\u6cb9\u6ef4\uff0c\u5e76\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e86\u4f7f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6c38\u4e45\u53d8\u5f62\u6240\u9700\u7684\u5e94\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5c48\u670d\u5e94\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u6cbf\u7740\u8eab\u4f53\u8f74\u7ebf\u7684\u4ece\u540e\u5f80\u524d\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u5728\u524d\u90e8\u66f4\u5448\u6d41\u4f53\u72b6\uff0c\u540e\u90e8\u9010\u6e10\u5448\u56fa\u4f53\u72b6\u3002\u85fb\u9178\u76d0\u6216\u805a\u4e19\u70ef\u9170\u80fa\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6f\u5f39\u6027\u5fae\u7403\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u6d4b\u91cf\u5404\u5411\u540c\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u62c9\u4f38\u548c\u538b\u7f29\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u526a\u5207\u5e94\u529b[75,76]\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7b49\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4e2d\u89c2\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u5927\u73e0\u8fde\u63a5\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u529b\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u7684\u60ac\u81c2\u4ee5\u6d4b\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5f62[64]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u6d4b\u76f8\u53d8\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u6270\u52a8\u548c\u63a2\u6d4b\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6700\u597d\u662f\u63a8\u65ad\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u72b6\u6001\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u52a8\u6d4b\u91cf\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8c28\u614e\u9009\u62e9\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u63a8\u65ad\u7684\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u529b\u63a2\u9488\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u548c\u901f\u7387\u3001\u6240\u7528\u63a2\u5934\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u914d\u7f6e\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u63a2\u6d4b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u533a\u57df[77]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd0\u52a8\u5b66\u6d4b\u91cf\uff08\u975e\u63a5\u89e6\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b64\u7c7b\u6d4b\u91cf\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u548c\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ee5\u5bf9\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u72b6\u6001\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3<\/span>\uff08\u56fe 6\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b9e\u65f6\u6210\u50cf\u3001\u8367\u5149\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4e94\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7c7b\u6bd4\u7684<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

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