{"id":3652,"date":"2017-11-25T01:00:00","date_gmt":"2017-11-24T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/swarma.org\/%swarma-paper%\/"},"modified":"2018-12-08T11:40:38","modified_gmt":"2018-12-08T03:40:38","slug":"%e7%a5%9e%e7%bb%8f%e7%bd%91%e7%bb%9c%e4%b8%8e%e5%9b%be%e7%81%b5%e6%9c%ba%e7%9a%84%e5%a4%8d%e6%9d%82%e5%ba%a6%e5%8d%9a%e5%bc%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=3652","title":{"rendered":"\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e0e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u535a\u5f08"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"bpp-post-content\">\n<p ><img     style=\"\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma7-1534231785.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"quote\">\n<section  style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;\">\n<section style=\"float: left;opacity: 0.5;transform: translate(-15px, -15px);width: 30px;height: 30px;background-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><\/section>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(79, 79, 79);font-size: 14px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(79, 79, 79);font-size: 15px;\">1931\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u624d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u56fe\u7075\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u30021943\u5e74\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u6d1b\u514b  &amp;  \u76ae\u8328\uff08McCulloch &amp; Pitts\uff09\u4e24\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u4e00\u76f4\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u5b83\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f00\u5c71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u600e\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u76f8\u7231\u76f8\u6740\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u5929\u624d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u51af\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u867d\u7136\u5f7c\u6b64\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u62df\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5374\u4f4d\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u738b\u56fd\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u5730\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u7c7b\u64c5\u957f\u5e76\u884c\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5c31\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7f16\u7801\uff1b\u800c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u4ee5\u7a7f\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5206\u6c34\u5cad\uff1a\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u63cf\u8ff0\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u8fb9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ed5\u8fc7\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6c9f\u58d1\u3002<strong><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u800c\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u5728\u8bd5\u56fe\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e24\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5408\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"    style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section class=\"Powered-by-XIUMI V5\"  style=\"line-height: 25.6px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"padding: 0.3em 0.5em;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em;background-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\n<section>\n<p><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\">\u5168\u4e66\u7eb2\u8981\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;text-indent: 2em;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486516&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5980d8015d5ea6454ab73321902abbcb&amp;chksm=e89456b9dfe3dfaf9b2f1c1a395defa26e22bba965c6b689ebe8e4c981b39a0e666687032070&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u6e90<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;text-indent: 2em;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486559&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=9ee4bf73ad1624f85591c86aaa2d71e9&amp;chksm=e89456d2dfe3dfc4b2a79f391a7c131aed4f93edc9ebae48101c58d455a1d0d06269c6564a6c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u63a2\u5bfb\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u201c\u539f\u529b\u201d<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\">\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5802\u8bfe\uff1a\u63a7\u5236\u4e0e\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\">\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e09\u5802\u8bfe\uff1a\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba<\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\">\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u56db\u5802\u8bfe\uff1a\u5927\u6570\u4e4b\u9053<\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\">\u3000\u3000\u7b2c\u4e94\u5802\u8bfe\uff1a\u590d\u6742\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8003\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u5173\u4e8e\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"    style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section class=\"\"   >\n<section class=\"\"   style=\"font-size: 16px;border-width: 0px;border-style: none;border-color: initial;\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 5px;padding: 10px;border-style: none none none solid;border-color: rgb(195, 206, 189);line-height: 25px;color: rgb(153, 153, 153);box-shadow: rgb(153, 153, 153) 1px 1px 2px 0px;border-left-width: 10px;background-color: rgb(243, 243, 243);\">\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\">\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u505a\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u548c\u4fee\u6539\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">1\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u9605\u8bfb\uff0c\u4e3a\u539f\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5206\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u6bb5\u6807\u9898\uff1b<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">2\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u611f\u89c9\u66f4\u4eb2\u5207\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u82e5\u5e72\u526f\u63d2\u56fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p class=\"\"  mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 14px;font-weight: bold;\">3\u3001\u4e3a\u539f\u6587\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4e1c\u65b9\u548c\u5c1a\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u548c\u5f20\u6c5f\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u90fd\u4f1a\u6807\u6ce8\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u52a9\u624b Arthur W. Burks(\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7236 John Holland \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u6846\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u662f\u7f16\u8005\u52a0\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u5206\u8fa8\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u6982\u8ff0<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8bf4\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u5927\u5757\uff1a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u548c\u6982\u7387\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u3002\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u7edf\u8ba1\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u5927\u6982\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u66f4\u52a0\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5148\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u90a3\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4ed6\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7b80\u8981\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u771f\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u8fde\u63a5\u8bcd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u4e0e\u201d\u201c\u975e\u201d\u201c\u5982\u679c\u2026\u90a3\u4e48\u201d\u201c\u4e0e\u975e\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5b9a\u4e49\u6027\u3002\u4ed6\u8fd8\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u53d8\u91cf\u548c\u91cf\u8bcd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u201c\u5168\u79f0\u201d\u91cf\u8bcd\u548c\u201c\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u91cf\u8bcd\u3002<strong><span style=\"font-size: 15px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u4ed6\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u8fbe\u4e00\u5207\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u80fd\u591f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u5730\u7528\u6570\u5b66\u8ba1\u7b97\u8868\u8fbe\u51fa\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u6df1\u8c08\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b58\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u540c\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e5f\u5f88\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u548c McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5206\u522b\u5904\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5957\u7406\u8bba\u90fd\u529b\u56fe\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u7406\u5316\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u7528\u67d0\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u673a\u5668\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9645\u53bb\u5236\u4f5c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u6210\u529f\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u673a\u5668\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\uff0c<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong style=\"\">\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u673a\u5668\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u88ab\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u6240\u523b\u753b\uff1b\u53cd\u8fc7\u6765\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u8fd9\u7c7b\u673a\u5668\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8fd9\u91cc\u5047\u8bbe\u4e86  McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6709\u7740\u4e00\u6761\u65e0\u9650\u957f\u7684\u7eb8\u5e26\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5b83\u540c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u56fe\u7075\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u7684 \u03bb  \u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u6027\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u822c\u9012\u5f52\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u201c\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u548c \u03bb \u53ef\u5b9a\u4e49\u6027\uff08Computability and  \u03bb-Definability\uff09\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u4f1a\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u4ecb\u7ecd McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u81ea\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1a\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6574\u4f53\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7531\u975e\u5e38\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u4f5c\u516c\u7406\u5316\u5b9a\u4e49\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff1b\u56fe\u7075\u5219\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u516c\u7406\u5316\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space:normal;text-align:left;\"><br  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u660e\u786e\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u800c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u903b\u8f91\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u60ca\u559c\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u8ddf\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7b49\u4ef7\uff0c\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86 McCulloch &amp;Pitts \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u4e5f\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u5207\u5165\u672c\u8d28\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u88ab\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u751f\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7ec6\u8282\u6240\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u516c\u7406\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6682\u65f6\u5148\u4e0d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u600e\u6837\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u5b9e\u9645\u53c8\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u53c8\u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5904\u7406\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u6765\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u6307\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6211\u770b\u6765\u5374\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u7406\u7684\u3002McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6309\u7167\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u53bb\u516c\u7406\u5316\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u8981\u6bd4\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u8bb8\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6781\u5ea6\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7279\u6027\uff1b\u800c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u6027\u8d28\u53ea\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\uff0c\u5728\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f53\u5ffd\u7565\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u8ba4\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5728\u7b80\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ec6\u8282\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u5904\u7406\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u53d8\u5f97\u76f8\u5f53\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5b83\u53eb\u505a\u5f62\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5706\u5708\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u4ece\u5706\u5708\u5ef6\u4f38\u51fa\u7684\u76f4\u7ebf\u5219\u4ee3\u8868\u795e\u7ecf\u7a81\u89e6\u3002\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u67d0\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u7a81\u89e6\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u4f20\u9001\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u548c\u975e\u6fc0\u53d1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u6211\u4eec\u65e0\u9700\u5173\u5fc3\u6fc0\u53d1\u5177\u4f53\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6027\u8d28\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u884c\u6765\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u513f\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u70b9\u5faa\u73af\u5b9a\u4e49\uff1a\u6240\u8c13\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u6fc0\u53d1\u522b\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5927\u81f4\u5728\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u672b\u7aef\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u67d0\u4e9b\u975e\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u4f1a\u53d7\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u8eab\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u523a\u6fc0\u67d0\u79cd\u817a\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u5316\u5b66\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5206\u6ccc\u8377\u5c14\u8499\u4e4b\u7c7b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u6fc0\u53d1\u6700\u7ec8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fd9\u7c7b\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section><img  class=\"\"   style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 555.556px;visibility: visible !important;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma5-1534231785.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">McCulloch-Pitts \u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u52a0\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u63a7\u5236\u795e\u7ecf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff1a\u6839\u636e McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5047\u8bbe\u795e\u7ecf\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5747\u5300\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u4eec\u6682\u4e14\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u201c\u795e\u7ecf\u75b2\u52b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u56e0\u75b2\u52b3\u800c\u5bf9\u523a\u6fc0\u5931\u53bb\u53cd\u5e94\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u795e\u7ecf\u75b2\u52b3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u5b58\u5728\u75b2\u52b3\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e32\u8054\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8fd8\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6291\u5236\u6027\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u7528\u5c0f\u5708\uff08\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7bad\u5934\uff09\u6765\u8868\u793a[48]\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8bb2\u89e3\u4e86\u201cMcCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ed3\u8bba\u201d\uff0c\u60f3\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u552f\u4e00\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u9ed1\u7bb1\u3002\u518d\u9009\u62e9\u4e24\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\uff1at1 \u548c t2\uff0c\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u4ece t1 \u5230 t2 \u4f55\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u7ec4\u5408\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8f93\u51fa\uff0c\u4f55\u79cd\u8f93\u5165\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u8f93\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4e0d\u8bba\u4f60\u5982\u4f55\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u603b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u9ed1\u7bb1\u91cc\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u5957\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u540c\u7b26\u53f7\u903b\u8f91\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u4efb\u4f55\u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u9650\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6765\u4e25\u683c\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u8bc1\u660e\u5b83\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u90fd\u662f\u5197\u957f\u4e14\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u8fd9\u91cc\u7b80\u5355\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u771f\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u3001\u5e03\u5c14\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u786e\u5b9a\u5ef6\u8fdf\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5229\u7528\u5faa\u73af\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u4efb\u610f\u5bb9\u91cf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u51fd\u6570\u4e0a\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u7ed9\u4e00\u5957\u7b26\u53f7\u903b\u8f91\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e86\u4e00\u6839\u65e0\u9650\u957f\u7684\u7eb8\u5e26\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u53f0\u56fe\u7075\u673a M\uff0c\u603b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u4e00\u5957\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6570\u5b57\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><img  style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 100%;height: auto;visibility: visible !important;\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534231786.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><strong style=\"font-size: 15px;letter-spacing: 0px;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u6291\u5236\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f20\u9012\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e9b\u6837\u4f8b\u7f51\u7edc\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u56fe\uff0ca \u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236 b\uff0cb \u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236 c\uff0cc \u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u6291\u5236 a\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\uff08\u7bad\u5934\u5904\u8f93\u5165\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u6291\u5236\u7aef\uff08\u7bad\u5934\u5904\u8f93\u5165\uff09\u6ca1\u6709\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u5219\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fdb\u5165\u6fc0\u6d3b\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6b64\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c a \u548c b \u90fd\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \u03b1 \u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u800c \u03b2 \u4e0d\u6fc0\u53d1\uff1b\u5982\u679c b\u548c c \u90fd\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \u03b2 \u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u800c \u03b3 \u4e0d\u6fc0\u53d1\uff1b\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5982\u679c a \u548c c \u90fd\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48 \u03b3 \u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u800c \u03b1 \u4e0d\u6fc0\u53d1\u3002\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982 a \u6bd4 b \u5f3a\uff0cb \u6bd4 c \u5f3a\uff0c\u7167\u7406\u8bf4\u5e94\u8be5 a \u6bd4 c \u5f3a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u867d\u7136 a \u6bd4 b \u5f3a\uff0cb \u6bd4 c \u5f3a\uff0cc \u5374\u53c8\u6bd4 a\u5f3a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7ec4\u5408\u57fa\u672c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u51e0\u4e2a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff1a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\uff0c\u8ba1\u6570\u5668\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u7535\u8def\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8457\u4f5c\u9009\u300b5.342-345 \u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u8def\u3002\u5b66\u4e60\u7535\u8def\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8f93\u5165\u7aef\uff0ca\u548c b\u3002\u5982\u679c b \u63a5\u7740 a \u4e4b\u540e\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u6b21\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u7535\u8def\u4f1a\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u8fbe\u5230 256 \u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba a \u662f\u5426\u53d7\u5230\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6 b \u53d7\u5230\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u7535\u8def\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u4e00\u6b21\u8109\u51b2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u8bf7\u5927\u5bb6\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7535\u8def\u867d\u7136\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u65b9\u5f0f\u53bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u5374\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u76f8\u5f53\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u80fd\u6beb\u4e0d\u8d39\u529b\u5730\u628a\u7535\u8def\u56fe\u753b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0cMcCulloch &amp; Pitts \u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u56fe\u5f62\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4e2d\u7ee7\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b8c\u5168\u517c\u5bb9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u60f3\u9610\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u7684\u54f2\u5b66\u5f15\u7533\u3002<strong><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c<\/span><\/strong><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8bba\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5e76\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6709\u8d85\u5e38\u7684\u806a\u660e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u590d\u6742\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u5fc5\u6709\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u90a3\u4e48\u806a\u660e\u6216\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b80\u5316\u540e\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ee5\u6b7b\u677f\u7684\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5374\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230\u4e00\u5207\u4f60\u60f3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0cMcCulloch  &amp; Pitts  \u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7535\u8def\u4e00\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5316\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u88ab\u5ffd\u7565\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7535\u8def\u63cf\u8ff0\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u6362\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8bb2\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4eba\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4f60\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u6240\u6709\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6d8c\u73b0\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space:normal;text-align:left;\"><img  style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 100%;height: auto;visibility: visible !important;\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534231786.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u6ca1\u6709\u8f6e\u5ed3\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f60\u7684\u773c\u775b\u5374\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u4f60\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u52a0\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5f53\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u201d\uff0c\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5462\uff1f\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e09\u6839\u76f4\u7ebf\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u8fa8\u8ba4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u4e09\u6761\u8fb9\u662f\u5f2f\u66f2\u7684\u3001\u53ea\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff08\u63d2\u5165\u4e00\u5f20\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u8865\u507f\u56fe\u7247\uff09\u3001\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7528\u9634\u5f71\u8868\u8fbe\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u51fa\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u8981\u628a\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u90fd\u653e\u5230\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u65e0\u9650\u7684\u5197\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fa8\u8ba4\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4f60\u8fa8\u8ba4\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u6781\u5c0f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u8fa8\u8ba4\u80fd\u529b\u53c8\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u89c6\u89c9\u8ba4\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u6781\u5c0f\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u5199\u51fa\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u89e3\u8bfb\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u89c6\u89c9\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8981\u201c\u8fdb\u5165\u201d\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe\u7247\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f60\u624d\u80fd\u628a\u610f\u4e49\u8d4b\u4e88\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u56fe\u5f62\u8303\u56f4\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u7ed9\u4f60\u770b\u4e00\u5f20\u58a8\u6c34\u67d3\u6210\u7684\u62bd\u8c61\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u653e\u8fdb\u56fe\u7247\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u653e\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u56fe\u7247\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc3\u7406\u533b\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\u6b64\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5bf9\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u5fc3\u7406\u6d4b\u8bd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u8fd9\u4e9b\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u96f6\u788e\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\uff1a\u4eba\u7684\u5927\u8111\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u8c61\u7684\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u90fd\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u5904\u7406\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u6211\u4eec\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u6709  20 \u4ebf\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u89c6\u89c9\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u89c6\u89c9\u5927\u8111\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u522b\u7684\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ec0\u4e48\u6210\u5206\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u89c6\u89c9\u7c7b\u6bd4\uff08visual  analogy\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u5e94\u8be5\u6bd4\u7ed9\u51fa\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u56fe\u7eb8\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u90fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u786e\u8981\u6bd4\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u672c\u8eab\u7b80\u5355\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7ed3\u6784\u53cd\u800c\u8981\u6bd4\u5b83\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6b63\u5728\u7528\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u91ca\u4e00\u6761\u975e\u5e38\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u66fe\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5b9a\u7406\uff1a<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8981\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6e10\u8fdb\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u603b\u662f\u6bd4\u540e\u8005\u8981\u957f\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fd0\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4f60\u53bb\u6df1\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f60\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e6\u53ca\u5230\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6709\u7406\u7531\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u5207\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u3001\u96be\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u80cc\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u6e10\u8fd1\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u201c\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u76f8\u4f3c\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u610f\u601d\uff1f\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u628a\u95ee\u9898\u5f7b\u5e95\u63cf\u8ff0\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u8fd9\u7c7b\u4e8b\u7269\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u53bb\u505a\uff0c\u8ba9\u673a\u5668\u5b9e\u9645\u53bb\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u8981\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7535\u8def\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6267\u884c\u8981\u6bd4\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u7535\u8def\u6240\u6709\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u66f4\u5feb\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u4f60\u80fd\u7528\u6587\u5b57\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u5ff5\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0d\u592a\u9ad8\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u591f\u975e\u5e38\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9a\u7406\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5219\u5b8c\u5168\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7535\u8def\u53cd\u800c\u6bd4\u6587\u5b57\u5f62\u5bb9\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u5355\u3002<\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 15px;\">\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b8c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\u63a5\u7740\u4e3e\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u7406\u60f3\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b9e\u73b0\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u675f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4f20\u9001\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u8840\u538b\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u6307\u6807\u3002\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c04\u7684\u9891\u7387\u6765\u4ee3\u8868\u8840\u538b\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u8840\u538b\u8d8a\u9ad8\u5219\u53d1\u5c04\u8d8a\u9891\u7e41\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u75b2\u52b3\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u795e\u7ecf\u53d1\u5c04\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u75b2\u52b3\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0d\u5e94\u6fc0\uff0c\u800c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u8d8a\u5f3a\uff0c\u5219\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u79bb\u5f00\u75b2\u52b3\u671f\u5e94\u6fc0\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c31\u8d8a\u5feb\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u201c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4ece\u672a\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u8109\u51b2\u9891\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5927\u5c0f\u5462\uff1f\u201d\uff0c\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\u8bf4\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7c7b\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u731c\u6d4b\uff1a\u9891\u7387\u8c03\u5236\u7684\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6bd4\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u53ef\u9760\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u4e0b\u9762\u76841.1.2.3\u8282\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u8111\u300b\u768477-79\u9875\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u9009\u96c65.306-308\u4ee5\u53ca5.375-376\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u6709\u5173\u8bb0\u5fc6<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 15px;\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u540c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0d\u7b26\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u51af\u7ebd\u66fc\u4e4b\u524d\u7528\u7406\u60f3\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5efa\u7acb\u8fc7\u5b58\u50a8\u5668\u7535\u8def\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u7535\u8def\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u89c9\u5f97\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u81ea\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u673a\u5236\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5b9e\u73b0\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u50cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5f00\u5173\u5143\u4ef6\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u5b9e\u73b01bit\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u50a8\u5b58\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u5341\u51e0\u4e2a\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5173\u5143\u4ef6\u5e76\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7528\u4f5c\u50a8\u5b58\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u9020\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8ba1\u7b97\u673aENIAC\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5b58\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u7ea6\u6548\u7387\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u867d\u7136ENIAC\u7531\u5e9e\u5927\u76842\u4e07\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u5374\u53ea\u6709\u53ef\u601c\u768420\u4f4d\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c34\u5c2c\u5c40\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u628a\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u5f00\u5173\u5143\u4ef6\u7528\u6765\u5e72\u5b83\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u5e72\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u5185\u5b58\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u52a0\u4ee5\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5668\u7684\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347[49]\u3002<\/p>\n<div class=\"post-image\"><img     style=\"\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534231786.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ed3\u6784<br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4eba\u7c7b\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u4f30\u8ba1\u5176\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4e3a10\u768416\u6b21\u65b9\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f30\u8ba1\u672c\u8eab\u662f\u5426\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u591a\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bf4\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u8111\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4ec5\u4e3a 10 \u7684 10 \u6b21\u65b9\uff0c\u8fdc\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u50a8\u5b58\u8fd9\u6837\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5bb9\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u597d\u8001\u8001\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5730\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u7a81\u89e6\u7684\u67d0\u79cd\u7ec6\u5fae\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u53d7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u9650\u5236\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u60f3\u5e94\u8be5\u6ca1\u6709\u3002\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u6000\u7591\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5f00\u5173\u7535\u8def\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6211\u4eec\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u662f\u540c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u673a\u5236[50]\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u5bfb\u627e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u95f4\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u5b9a\u4f4d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5927\u8111\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u4f60\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u90e8\u4f4d\u6240\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5728\u624b\u672f\u5207\u9664\u5927\u8111\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u8111\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u5206\u914d\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u804c\u8d23\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u53c8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u3002\u5927\u8111\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u96be\u4ee5\u7ed9\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u786e\u5b9a\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u6000\u7591\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5927\u8111\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u662f\u5206\u5e03\u5f97\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u3002[\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u300a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e0e\u4eba\u8111\u300b63-68 \u9875[51]<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u4e94\u3001\u56fe\u7075\u673a<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u8fd9\u91cc\u60f3\u8981\u63d0\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>[\u75b2\u52b3\u548c\u5185\u5b58]<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5728 McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u5bf9\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u8bf4\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u6700\u540e\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u516c\u7406\u5316\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4f53\u7cfb\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u53cd\u5411\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u662f\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u95ee\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u7c7b\u903b\u8f91\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u5957\u56fa\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5224\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\u7684\u771f\u5047\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed9\u4ed6\u7684\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u6027\u8bc1\u660e\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u94fa\u57ab\uff0c\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u548c\u524d\u540e\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 15px;\">\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7b80\u8ff0\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u5219\u662f\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u72b6\u6001\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u90fd\u5904\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7ec4\u5408\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff1b\u201c\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u201d\u5219\u662f\u7531\u7eb8\u5e26\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fd0\u884c\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u8bfb\u5165\u4e00\u683c\u7eb8\u5e26\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u4e00\u683c\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u628a\u7eb8\u5e26\u5411\u5de6\u6216\u8005\u5411\u53f3\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u683c\u3002\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6309\u7167\u9884\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5b57\u5178\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u89c4\u5b9a\u4e86\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8bfb\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u65f6\u5019\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u4e3a\u4f55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u683c\u5199\u5165\u4f55\u79cd\u7b26\u53f7\u3002\u7eb8\u5e26\u6709\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u4e00\u683c\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u6709\u9650\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u5148\u5199\u5728\u7eb8\u5e26\u4e0a\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u4e8c\u8fdb\u5236\u7ed3\u679c\u5219\u5199\u5728\u5f00\u59cb\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">\u63a5\u7740\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8bf4\u5230\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u5173\u4e8e\u6709\u9650\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a<strong>\u5b58\u5728\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673aAU\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u6027\u8d28\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u56fe\u7075\u673a A \u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f I\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u6a21\u62df\u7a0b\u5e8f IA\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b IA \u548c I \u7ed9AU\uff0cAU \u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df A \u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0c\u8f93\u51fa\u548cA \u6267\u884c I \u5f97\u5230\u7684\u76f8\u540c\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">AU \u5177\u6709\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u53bb\u6267\u884c\u4efb\u4f55\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u54ea\u6015\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6bd4 AU  \u672c\u8eab\u8981\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u6a21\u62df\u5668\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5305\u542b\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u586b\u8865\u3002<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u8fd9\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6df1\u523b\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u628a\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6070\u5f53\u5730\u5236\u4f5c\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u6210\u4efb\u610f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u9700\u6c42\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7f16\u5199\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u6ee1\u8db3\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4efb\u610f\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a A  \u5177\u6709\u6700\u8d77\u7801\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fbe\u5230\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u7ed9\u5b83\u5199\u4ec0\u4e48\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u67d0\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u65e6\u590d\u6742\u6027\u8d85\u8d8a\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u4e88\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u90fd\u80fd\u591f\u76f8\u4e92\u6a21\u62df\u4e86[52]\u3002<\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space:normal;text-align:left;\"><img  style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 100%;height: auto;visibility: visible !important;\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534231787.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u52a0\uff09<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section  class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 10px;display: inline-block;width: 670px;border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;border-color: rgb(192, 200, 209);background-color: rgb(239, 239, 239);\">\n<section class=\"\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\">\n<section style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;\"><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p mpa-is-content=\"t\"><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8ddf\u7740\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a  AU \u662f\u600e\u4e48\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7075\u673a A \u7684\u3002\u6a21\u62df\u7a0b\u5e8f IA \u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u672c\u5bf9\u7167\u8bcd\u5178\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6240\u6709 A \u7684\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0cA  \u7684\u4e0b \u4e00\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u5728\u7eb8\u5e26\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u5199\u5165\u4ec0\u4e48\u7b26\u53f7\u3002AU \u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u672c\u8bcd\u5178\u8fd0\u884c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8ddf A \u4e00 \u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u4e86\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5230\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u901a\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u505a\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\u4e5f\u80fd\u590d\u73b0\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u65e0\u4e2d\u751f\u6709\uff0c\u51ed\u7a7a\u5236\u9020\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c  \u56e0\u4e3a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd8\u662f\u5f97\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5199\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u7684\uff0c \u4ea6\u5373\u5173\u4e8e\u600e\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u8c61\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5b57\u5178\u4e2d\u95f4\u67e5\u9605\u6761\u76ee\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u6781\u9650\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5236\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u5176\u4ed6\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u89e3\u51b3\u67d0\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u505c\u673a\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5236\u9020\u80fd\u591f\u6a21\u62df\u4efb\u4f55\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u4f60\u5374\u65e0\u6cd5\u5236\u9020\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u4efb\u4f55\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u8fd0\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u673a\u201d\u3002\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u590d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u505a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b[53]\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7ed3\u8bba\u540c\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u8fd9\u5802\u8bfe\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df1\u8c08\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\u5927\u6982\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u719f\u6089\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4eba\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u8ddf\u7c7b\u578b\u8bba\uff08theory of types\uff09\u548c\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u95f4\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5374\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f4e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u9884\u5148\u5224\u65ad\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u903b\u8f91\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u5374\u5f88\u96be\u63d0\u524d\u9884\u6d4b\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6700\u597d\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u6765\u8fd0\u884c\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6709\u6548\u8303\u56f4\u8981\u6bd4\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\u5904\u5728\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space:normal;text-align:left;\"><img  style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 100%;height: auto;visibility: visible !important;\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534231787.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u8bd1\u8005\u52a0\uff09<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u8eab\u4e3a\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u53f0\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\uff09\u7684\u673a\u5668\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u5b83\u8f93\u5165\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u539f\u5c01\u4e0d\u52a8\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u5176\u5b83\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff08M,M\u2019,M\u2019\u2019\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/strong><\/span>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u901a\u7528\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5458\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u5c31\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u662f\u4efb\u610f\u4e00\u53f0\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6c42\u89e3 1+1 \u7684\u503c\u5f97\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff09\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u8865\u5145\u6750\u6599\uff1aArthur Burks \u4e0e Kurt Godel \u7684\u901a\u4fe1<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u8865\u5145\u6750\u6599\u5185\u5bb9\u5747\u6765\u81ea\u7f16\u8005\u7f16\u8005Arthur W. Burks\u6ce8\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5802\u8bfe\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u6700\u540e\u4e24\u6bb5\uff0c\u7f16\u8005\u60f3\u505a\u4e00\u70b9\u8865\u5145[54]\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5728\u8bfe\u7a0b\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u4e00\u6761\u5b9a\u7406\u201c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u95f4\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5374\u5c5e\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f16\u8005\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u66fe\u5f97\u5230\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8bdd\u663e\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u8d39\u89e3\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4ed6\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6709\u5173\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0847 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mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u9119\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u4e2a\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u8981\u6bd4\u5bf9\u8c61\u672c\u8eab\u9ad8\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5c42\u6b21\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9664\u6b64\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4e0d\u660e\u767d\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u4f55\u5728\u3002\u6211\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u5706\u5176\u8bf4\u3002\u4e00\u662f\u628a\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u914d\u6570\u5f53\u4f5c\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u914d\u6570\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0f\u4e8e\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u540c\u60a8  1936\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u300b\u4e2d\u95f4\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u957f\u5ea6\u5b9a\u7406\u6709\u5173\u3002\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1aS\u548c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf S1\uff0c\u60a8\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u8bf4\uff1a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570  F\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u4f7f\u5f97\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0b\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5c0f\u7cfb\u7edf S\u4e0b\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u914d\u6570\u8981\u6bd4 F\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u5927\u7cfb\u7edf  S1 \u4e2d\u95f4\u8bc1\u660e\u7684\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u914d\u6570\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u7b26\u5408\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8bf4\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7ed3\u8bba\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff1a\u7c7b\u578b\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u8d8a\u77ed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8d8a\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6559\u6388\u7684\u8fd9\u6bb5\u53d9\u8ff0\u4ee4\u6211\u5341\u5206\u8ff7\u60d1\u4e0d\u89e3\uff0c\u5982\u60a8\u80fd\u4e0d\u541d\u8d50\u6559\uff0c\u9119\u4eba\u4e0d\u80dc\u611f\u6fc0\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"   >\n<section class=\"Powered-by-XIUMI V5\"  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;white-space: normal;line-height: 25.6px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\n<section class=\"\" style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0.3em 0.5em;display: inline-block;border-radius: 0.5em;color: rgb(255, 255, 255);box-shadow: rgb(165, 165, 165) 0.2em 0.2em 0.1em;background-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\n<section style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;\">\n<p style=\"letter-spacing: 0.5px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u590d\u4fe1\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u610f\u56fe\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4ece\u672a\u548c\u4ed6\u8c08\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6211\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u731c\u6d4b\u3002<br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u63d0\u5230\u5728\u4e0b\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u6307\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u6216\u8005\u8bc1\u660e\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u8bed\u8a00 A\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u7528\u8bed\u8a00 A\u672c\u8eab\u6765\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728 A\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u771f\u5047\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u5b9a\u7406\u624d\u662f\u5305\u542b\u7b97\u672f\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u771f\u6b63\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u6211 1931\u5e74\u7684\u8bba\u658755\u4e2d\u95f4\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u6761\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 1934\u5e74\u6211\u5728\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u7684\u8bb2\u8bfe\u4e0a\u624d\u6b63\u5f0f\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\u4e5f\u7531\u5854\u65af\u57fa\u4e8e 1933\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa[56]<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b9a\u7406\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u673a\u5236\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5bf9\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u63cf\u8ff0\u8981\u7275\u6d89\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f[57]\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u5b83\u9700\u8981\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5c42\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u540c\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5230\u7684\u7b26\u53f7\u6570\u91cf\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u60a8\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u7b26\u53f7\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u5c42\u6b21\u9ad8\u4f4e\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ece\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e2\u7136\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u901a\u7528\u7684\u505c\u673a\u5224\u5b9a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8981\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u53f0\u5177\u4f53\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u628a\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u679a\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\u624d\u884c\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e0d\u9677\u5165\u65e0\u9650\u5927\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u53ea\u6709\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u624d\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u6bd4\u4e3a\u65e0\u7a77\u5927\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u5f53\u4f5c\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u9650\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u8fd9\u7acb\u5373\u5c31\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba[58]\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\">\n<section style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: -webkit-box;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\" >\n<section  style=\"min-width: 60px;text-align: center;padding: 0 30px 0 30px;border-bottom-width: 100px;border-bottom: 2px solid #e8e6e6;\" >\n<section style=\"display: inline-block;padding: 0px 10px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" ><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">Jake \u70b9\u8bc4<span style=\"font-size: 16px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u82b1\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7bc7\u5e45\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fe\u7075\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u5957\u6a21\u578b\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5df2\u7ecf\u7565\u663e\u8fc7\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4f46\u662f\uff0cjake \u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ae0\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u7f16\u8005 Arthur Burks \u5c31\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u8bf7\u6559\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6570\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u5b66\u5bb6\u5e93\u7279.\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\uff0c\u548c\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u56de\u4fe1\u4e0e\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ec5\u4ece\u5b57\u9762\u610f\u601d\u4e0a\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u4e00\u5802\u8bfe\u4e0a\u540c\u65f6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86 McCulloch &amp; Pitts \u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u53ca\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u6b64\u95ee\u9898\u57cb\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f0f\u7b14\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u59a8\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u9020\u51fa\u4e00\u53f0\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff1f<\/strong><\/span>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6b63\u6587\u7684\u53d9\u8ff0\uff0cMcCulloch &amp; Pitts \u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u901a\u7528\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6765\u6a21\u62df<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u8fd9\u53f0\u6a21\u62df\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u673a\u5668\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u4e0e\u539f\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u76f8\u6bd4\u8c01\u5927\u8c01\u5c0f\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e32\u884c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\u90fd\u7531\u90a3\u4e2a\u7b28\u91cd\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5934\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u96c6\u6743\u8005\u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e76\u884c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u51b3\u7b56\u7684\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u4e0b\u653e\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\uff0c\u7f51\u7edc\u6574\u4f53\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u8fd0\u7b97\u662f\u6240\u6709\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u628a\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u7684\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u201c\u538b\u7f29\u5230\u201d\u4e00\u53f0\u4e32\u884c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u52bf\u5fc5\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u589e\u52a0\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u8fd0\u7b97\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u884c\u4e3a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u8fd0\u884c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7f51\u7edc\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u6700\u77ed\u63cf\u8ff0\u957f\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5b83\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u753b\u51fa\u4e00\u5f20\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u884c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6<\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space:normal;text-align:left;\"><img  style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 100%;height: auto;visibility: visible !important;\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534231787-1.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u53f0\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u7528\u591a\u5c11\u4ee3\u7801\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff09\u548c\u5b83\u8fd0\u884c\u4e4b\u540e\u6240\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u8f74\u6765\u8868\u793a\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u53cd\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u7ef4\u7684\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5f88\u5927\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\u66f2\u7ebf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u67d0\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u70b9\uff08C \u70b9\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u53cd\u590d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c\u3002\u5f53\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u9608\u503c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u5f02\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u800c\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u6761\u72b6\u533a\u57df\u5c31\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6839\u636e\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u800c\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c C \u5de6\u4fa7\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8ba1\u7b97 2+100 \u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff09\uff1bC \u53f3\u4fa7\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e3a\u8bf8\u5982 McCulloch &amp;Pitts \u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u590d\u6742\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9608\u503c C \u5bf9\u5e94\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u5462\uff1f<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6000\u7591\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a C \u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e86\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5438\u6536\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u4ee3\u7801\u800c\u201c\u53d8\u8eab\u201d\u6210\u4efb\u610f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6000\u7591\u8fd9\u4e2a C \u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u6070\u6070\u662f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5728\u7f16\u8005\u4e0e\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u7684\u901a\u4fe1\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5173\u4e8e\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u660e\u663e\u770b\u51fa\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6697\u542b\u4e86\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u731c\u60f3\uff1a<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c C \u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6bd4\u8f83\u6709\u628a\u63e1\u5730\u65ad\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a C \u503c\u70b9\u6070\u6070\u4e0e\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u56fe\u7075\u505c\u673a\u95ee\u9898\u3001\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406\u4ee5\u53ca\u7a0b\u5e8f\u81ea\u590d\u5236\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong><br  \/><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u672c\u7ae0\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5e38\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u590d\u6742\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5730\u5e26\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6211\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u8fd9\u51e0\u5e74\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u56f4\u7ed5\u7740\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u613f\u610f\u628a\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff08\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff09\u5217\u4e3e\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u591f\u8d77\u5230\u629b\u7816\u5f15\u7389\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"secondTitle\">\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">1\u3001Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u6027<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u662f 1966 \u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u51e0\u4e4e\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0cKolmogorov \u5728 1965 \u5e74\u548c Chaitin\u5728 1966 \u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u201cKolmogorov Complexity\u201d\u6216\u8005\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u7b97\u6cd5\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08Algorithmic Complexity\uff09\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053 Kolmogorov \u7b49\u4eba\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4e49\u5728\u6240\u6709\u7684 01 \u5e8f\u5217\u4e0a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6240\u6709\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff08\u9012\u5f52\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u6700\u77ed\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u3002<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6027\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u968f\u673a\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u6bb5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6765\u751f\u6210\u5b83\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u6700\u7b28\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e8f\u5217\u9010\u5b57\u7684\u6253\u5370\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b83\u7684Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c31\u662f\u5e8f\u5217\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982010101\u201e\u201e\u91cd\u590d200 \u904d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5199\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e3a\uff1a\u201cPrint(\u201801\u2019 200 times)\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u662f 21\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u7684 Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u5728 log(200)\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u4e0a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5173\u4e8e Kolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\uff1aLi, Ming and Vit\u00e1nyi, Paul, An Introduction toKolmogorov Complexity and Its Applications, Springer, 1997\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0cKolmogorov \u590d\u6742\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u8981\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"secondTitle\">\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">2\u3001\u81ea\u6307\u4e0e\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u4ee5\u53ca\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u66fe\u591a\u6b21\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u6709\u5173\u201c\u903b\u8f91\u7c7b\u578b\u201d\u3001\u201c\u547d\u9898\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5224\u5b9a\u201d\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u5b9e\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4e86\u81ea\u6307\u4ee5\u53ca\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7f20\u7ed3\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u4faf\u4e16\u8fbe\uff1a\u300a\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u3001\u57c3\u820d\u5c14\u3001\u5df4\u8d6b\u2014\u2014\u4e00\u96c6\u5f02\u74a7\u4e4b\u5927\u6210\u300b\uff0c1994 \u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u9986\uff09\u3002\u800c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\uff0cjake\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u8fc7\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u603b\u7ed3\u5728\u4e86\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005 7\uff1a\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u886c\u5e95\u7684\u91d1\u5e26\u300b\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e0d\u518d\u8d58\u8ff0<strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\uff08\u70b9\u51fb\u9605\u8bfb\u539f\u6587\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img     style=\"\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma8-1534231787.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);font-size: 15px;\">\u81ea\u566c\u7684\u86c7<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u6307\u4e0e\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7f20\u7ed3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u591a\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u547d\u9898\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u505c\u673a\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6709\u201c\u662f\u6216\u5426\u201d\u4e24\u79cd\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5c31\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u770b\u5230\u6709\u5173\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u6307\u4e0e\u7f20\u7ed3\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ea7\u751f\u6096\u8bba\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3001\u505c\u673a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f<span style=\"letter-spacing: 0px;\">\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e0e\u81ea\u6307\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\u5982\u679c\u8981\u771f\u6b63\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u6307\u53e5\u5b50\uff08\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff09\u5b83\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\uff08\u7a0b\u5e8f\u957f\u5ea6\uff09\u4e0a\u6709\u4f55\u5173\u7cfb\uff1f\u6211\u60f3\uff0c\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u5728\u6b64\u547c\u5524\u7684\u6709\u5173\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u7c7b\u81ea\u6307\u6216\u8005\u8de8\u5c42\u6b21\u7f20\u7ed3\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6000\u7591\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u9608\u503c\u6070\u6070\u5c31\u5728\u81ea\u6307\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c42\u6b21\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u9884\u6d4b\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u6bd4\u4ece\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff08\u5bf9\u81ea\u52a8\u673a\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\uff09\u66f4\u5927\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5c31\u6211\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6  Chaitin \u7684\u786e\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\uff1aChaitin: Information, Randomness &amp;  Incompleteness, World Scientific 1987; Chaitin: Information-Theoretic  Incompleteness, World Scientific 1992\uff09\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u4e0d\u59a8\u53c2\u8003\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"secondTitle\">\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">3\u3001\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6b64\u5904\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u6211\u5bf9\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u731c\u6d4b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u6839\u636e\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u659f\u914c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u201d\uff08Uncertainty Principle\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6307\u51fa\u52a8\u91cf\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u4e0e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u6ee1\u8db3\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><img style=\"\"  class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma0-1534231787.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6df1\u6df1\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u6570\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u95f4\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570 f(t)\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5085\u7acb\u53f6\u53d8\u6362\u5373\u9891\u7387\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u51fd\u6570 g(w)\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u548c\u52a8\u91cf\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u7387\u6ce2\u6070\u6070\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u5085\u7acb\u53f6\u53d8\u6362\u5bf9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u4eec\u624d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff08\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u8003 R. N. Bracewell \u6bb7\u52e4\u4e1a(\u8bd1)\uff1a\u300a\u5085\u7acb\u53f6\u53d8\u6362\u53ca\u5176\u5e94\u7528\u300b\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u65f6\u95f4\u57df\u548c\u9891\u7387\u57df\u4e0a\u5bf9\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u65e0\u975e\u662f\u4ece\u4e24\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u5bf9\u4fe1\u53f7\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u5219\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u57df\u548c\u9891\u7387\u57df\u4e0a\u90fd\u7ed9\u51fa\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6d4b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u5c55\u5f00\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6570\u503c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u8be5\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u6211\u4eec\u731c\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u672a\u77e5\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u63cf\u8ff0\u548c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u3002\u8054\u7cfb\u5230\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cbe\u5ea6\u4e00\u822c\u4e0e\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8d8a\u957f\u8bf4\u660e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u8d8a\u8be6\u7ec6\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><img style=\"\"  class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma4-1534231787.png\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u5373\u8fd1\u4f3c\u63cf\u8ff0\u672a\u77e5\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6  Lp \u52a0\u4e0a\u4ece\u5e8f\u5217\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u8fdb\u884c\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6 Lt \u7684\u548c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0b\u9650\u503c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u9ad8\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u4ee3\u7801\u957f\u5ea6\u503c\u3002\uff08\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u4e2d\u95f4\u53d8\u6210\u4e86\u52a0  \u53f7\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4e58\u53f7\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u71b5\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5e94\u6982\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u6570\u5173\u7cfb\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u539f\u7406\u5c31\u662f\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc  \u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u523b\u753b\u3002\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u6307\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u53cd\u6620\uff1f<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"secondTitle\">\n<section style=\"padding:1px 5px;font-size:14px;white-space:normal;\">\n<h2 style=\"border-left: 5px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);font-weight: bold;line-height: 32px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;margin: 5px;\" mpa-is-content=\"t\">4\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u56fe\u7075\u673a<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u4e86\u7a81\u98de\u731b\u8fdb\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728McCulloch-Pitts\u6a21\u578b\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5f15\u5165\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<span style=\"color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c2014\u5e74\uff0cGoogle\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6a21\u578b\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u5c06\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7ed3\u5408\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\n<section style=\"white-space:normal;text-align:left;\"><img  style=\"box-shadow: none;width: 100%;height: auto;visibility: visible !important;\" class=\"\"   src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma10-1534231787.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: center;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><strong>\u795e\u7ecf\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">\u878d\u5408\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5173\u952e\u662f\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u201c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u201d\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u8fde\u7eed\u5316\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u6765\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u8f6f\u5316\u201d\u7684\u8bfb\u6216\u5199\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\u5c31\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u5c06\u6743\u91cd\u5206\u914d\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u5b58\u50a8\u5355\u5143\u4e0a\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5f53\u67d0\u4e00\u9879\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u4e3a1\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u9000\u5316\u62100\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u56de\u5f52\u5230\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u88c5\u7f6e\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u6c42\u89e3\u3001\u95ee\u7b54\u3001\u9605\u8bfb\u7406\u89e3\u7b49\u4efb\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8868\u73b0\u8981\u8fdc\u8d85\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"title\" style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<span style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\"><strong><span style=\"color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u4ee5\u4e0b\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\u5747\u6307\u4e1c\u65b9\u548c\u5c1a\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3<\/span><\/strong><br  \/><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[48] \u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u795e\u7ecf\u5728\u6fc0\u53d1\u540e\u4f1a\u75b2\u52b3\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u4e2d\u95f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6b21\u88ab\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9e\u9645\u751f\u7406\u89c4\u5f8b\u5728\u7406\u60f3\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u8003\u8651\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u56e0\u4e3a\u6b63\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u800c\u9677\u5165\u7b80\u5355\u540c\u6b65\u7684\u6b7b\u5faa\u73af\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728 Hebb \u5b9a\u5f8b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u540e\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0cMilner&nbsp; \u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u53ef\u53d8\u9608\u503c\u3001\u6291\u5236\u548c\u75b2\u52b3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u8865\u5145\u4e86\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u7279\u6027\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u624d\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\u7ea7\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u6b65\u3001\u9884\u6d4b\u3001\u548c\u5c42\u7ea7\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8f83\u597d\u5730\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5916\u754c\u8fdb \u884c\u8bc6\u522b\u3002\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u970d\u5170\u8457\u300a\u6d8c\u73b0\u300b\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ae0\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[49]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u5185\u5b58\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u5185\u5b58\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u96c6\u6210\u7535\u8def\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u578b\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aSRAM\uff1b\u4f4e\u901f\u5185\u5b58\u5219\u7531\u7535\u5bb9\u7b49\u673a\u5236\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3aDRAM\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[50]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u8bc1\u660e\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c40\u9650\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u67d0\u4e00\u90e8\u4f4d\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5de5\u4f5c\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u7ec6\u80de\u7a81\u89e6\u5f62\u6210\u3001\u795e\u7ecf\u73af\u8def\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u7a81\u89e6\uff0c\u800c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5219\u5305\u542b\u4e8e\u5927\u91cf\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u7ec4\u5408\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f7b\u6613\u7a81\u7834\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684 10 \u7684 16 \u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u5185\u5b58\u5bb9\u91cf\u9650\u5236\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c \u8981\u628a\u67d0\u4e00\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u5177\u4f53\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5efa\u7acb\u786e\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[51]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u795e\u7ecf\u533b\u5b66\u548c\u8bca\u65ad\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u6d3b\u52a8\u548c\u8ba4\u77e5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u65f6\u7684\u6bd4\u5bf9\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5927\u8111\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u7684\u786e\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\u5e38\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5230\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u4e0a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u8111\u6062\u590d\u80fd\u529b\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u90a3\u4e48\u5f3a\u5927\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u4e27\u5931\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f \u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[52]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e0a\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4f9d\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u660e\u767d\u4e86\u8fd9\u70b9\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5236\u9020\u53ef\u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u5177\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\uff0c\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u5668\u5230\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u98de\u8dc3\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[53] \u8bd1\u8005\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u201c\u9884\u6d4b\u673a\u201d\u65e0\u6cd5\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7275\u626f\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7c7b\uff0c\u5bf9\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[54]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u5f53\u65f6\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u5c16\u7aef\u79d1\u6280\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u539f\u7406\u8fd8\u663e\u5f97\u5341\u5206\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u6545\u987b\u4f5c\u6b64\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\u800c\u4eca\u5929\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u65e9\u5df1\u5bb6\u55bb\u6237\u6653\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u96c6\u667a\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u79d1\u666e\uff08\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u53c2\u89c1\uff1a\u300a\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u9047\u8ba1\u7b97\u7406\u8bba\u300b\u4ee5\u53ca\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005 7\uff1a\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u886c\u5e95\u7684\u91d1\u5e26\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u4ecb\u7ecd\u90e8\u5206\u5179\u7701\u7565\u4e0d\u8bd1\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u7f16\u8005 Burks \u6559\u6388\u540c\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u672c\u4eba\u7684\u901a\u8baf\u6765\u5f80\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u53f2\u6599\u53ca\u79d1\u5b66\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u5168\u6587\u7167\u8bd1\uff0c\u8bf7\u8bfb\u8005\u7559\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[55]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u5373\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff1a\u300a\u3008\u6570\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u3009\u53ca\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0d\u53ef\u5224\u5b9a\u547d\u9898\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u54e5\u5fb7\u5c14\u5b9a\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[56]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u5373\u5854\u65af\u57fa\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u8bf4\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u771f\u503c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6bb5\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u4e5f\u53ef\u53c2\u770b\u300a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005 7\uff1a\u81ea\u6307\u2014\u2014\u8fde\u63a5\u56fe\u5f62\u548c\u886c\u5e95\u7684\u91d1\u5e26\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[57]\u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u6bd4\u5982\u53ef\u4ee5\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u6d01\u5730\u5199\u51fa\u67d0\u4e2a\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65ad\u8a00\u662f\u5426\u4e3a\u771f\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u6bd4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u672f\u8868\u8fbe\u672c\u8eab\u591a\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u54e5\u5fb7\u5df4\u8d6b\u731c\u60f3\u5c31\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u52a0\u8d77\u6765\u90a3\u4e48\u7b80\u5355\uff09<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\">[58] \u8bd1\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u901a\u7528\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u5207\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u63cf\u8ff0\u662f\u65e0\u9650\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u5374\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u9650\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u5bf9\u4e8e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\uff0c\u884c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\/\u673a\u5236\u590d\u6742\u5ea6=\u221e\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u4ea7\u751f\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u5176\u590d\u6742\u5ea6 \u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u90fd\u65e0\u9650\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u975e\u5e38\u503c\u5f97\u6df1\u601d\uff01<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"white-space: normal;text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\"     class=\"\"   width=\"548\" height=\"548\" style=\"width: 188.889px;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma5-1534231787.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\"><strong>\u4f5c\u8005\uff1aJohn von Neumann&nbsp;<\/strong>20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3001\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u3001\u6838\u6b66\u5668\u548c\u751f\u5316\u6b66\u5668\u7b49\u8bf8\u591a\u9886\u57df\u5185\u6709\u6770\u51fa\u5efa\u6811\u7684\u6700\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u5168\u624d\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u88ab\u540e\u4eba\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u548c\u201c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\u4e4b\u7236\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;text-align: center;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\"><img loading=\"lazy\"     class=\"\"   width=\"597\" height=\"597\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534231788.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\"><strong>\u7f16\u8005\uff1aArthur W. Burks &nbsp;<\/strong>\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u9057\u4f20\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e4b\u7236 John Holland \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u5bfc\u5e08<\/p>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\"     class=\"\"   width=\"900\" height=\"900\" style=\"width: 200px;\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma6-1534231788.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u8bd1\u8005\uff1a\u4e1c\u65b9\u548c\u5c1a&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u795e\u79d8\u7c89\u4e1d \u66fe\u4e0e\u5f20\u6c5f\u5728\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u7684\u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u4e92\u76f8\u8fc7\uff08hu\uff09\u62db\uff08dui\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img    style=\"width: 90%;height: auto !important;\" class=\"\"        src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma1-1534231788.jpg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\"><strong>\u6ce8\u8005\uff1aJake\u5f20\u6c5f&nbsp;<\/strong>\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u96c6\u667aAI\u5b66\u56ed\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\uff0c\u5317\u5e08\u5927\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n<p mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\" style=\"margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;letter-spacing: 0px;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: 1.75;\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section class=\"mpa-template\"    style=\"white-space: normal;\">\n<section  style=\"margin-top: 20px;display: flex;-webkit-box-pack: center;justify-content: center;-webkit-box-align: center;align-items: center;\">\n<section   style=\"padding-right: 30px;padding-left: 30px;min-width: 60px;text-align: center;border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(232, 230, 230);\">\n<section  style=\"padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;display: inline-block;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(123, 12, 0);transform: translate(0px, 2px);border-top-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-left-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);border-right-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/p>\n<p style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><span mpa-is-content=\"t\" style=\"font-size: 16px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong mpa-from-tpl=\"t\" style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\u63a8\u8350<span style=\"border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><\/span>\u9605\u8bfb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<p><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486559&amp;idx=2&amp;sn=9ee4bf73ad1624f85591c86aaa2d71e9&amp;chksm=e89456d2dfe3dfc4b2a79f391a7c131aed4f93edc9ebae48101c58d455a1d0d06269c6564a6c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;text-decoration: underline;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\uff1a\u63a2\u5bfb\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u201c\u539f\u529b\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486516&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=5980d8015d5ea6454ab73321902abbcb&amp;chksm=e89456b9dfe3dfaf9b2f1c1a395defa26e22bba965c6b689ebe8e4c981b39a0e666687032070&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u51af\u00b7\u8bfa\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u9057\u4ea7\uff1a\u5bfb\u627e\u4eba\u5de5\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6839\u6e90<\/a><\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486382&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=245c2cd23db8b33a6b8e4e0de731b081&amp;chksm=e8945123dfe3d8351587ee9f3bf3337adeddf68931e1b60f21d8d1efc170ec35f002e9f279f4&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\">Google AutoML\u9879\u76ee\uff1a\u81ea\u521b\u751f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9e\u8df5<\/a><\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong><strong><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486217&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=51c1eee6866e3201d951f83226ca1e02&amp;chksm=e8945184dfe3d892826683ff5e96ff1befd4f4b6c208b62a37f7d305dd29343c61eadd853a5c&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u5f15\u529b\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u4e0e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5bf9\u8bdd | \u5c24\u4ea6\u5e84<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486183&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=89ec87a2b3317ba8bb2e32c2c14edc13&amp;chksm=e894506adfe3d97c8ff8b85c7a98c4f32d9235f2e62a7d2d5a31cb69993b24943ad21a0390de&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u7f16\u7a0b<\/strong><\/span><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486209&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=56103336c57f9eb10ad2f772a51d5502&amp;chksm=e894518cdfe3d89a1187c992b6c56404dbb1e15f7eb3555dd1a252f427cd988a1938f4184c8f&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\">\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a><\/strong><\/span><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247485943&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=0d3669e104f21ac7116a32f597519f5b&amp;chksm=e894537adfe3da6c03ef63babab5f21ea10a67edf1f402c0782d8ba085352c43189448a9106b&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\uff0d\u672a\u6765\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u5b66\u79d1\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/a><br  \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486108&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=f3eab6e1dfa67ced65b1501a312f0e6b&amp;chksm=e8945011dfe3d907d690ebfd0cb446e32671e9c22f8c44b57c6f1c7f36fce07c1e6e90a11c37&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\" style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong>\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u9690\u85cf\u7684\u51e0\u4f55 | \u5f20\u6c5f<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\"><strong style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 13px;\"><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247484332&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=59e00ee5ac19bc4bb8c1acb16508a350&amp;chksm=e8945921dfe3d03743b5483f257b0ee5c3b8573761774e6764b53ff2b6c1f2ab93746b34a42b&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\">\u7edf\u4e00\u4e4b\u8def\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20\u3001\u65f6\u7a7a\u51e0\u4f55\u4e0e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 10px 0.5em;white-space: normal;font-size: 14px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;line-height: 2em;text-align: center;\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;font-size: 14px;\"><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/mp.weixin.qq.com\/s?__biz=MzIzMjQyNzQ5MA==&amp;mid=2247486065&amp;idx=1&amp;sn=cdd5ffb1f5b43c81dfa92ba0d9d315e2&amp;chksm=e89450fcdfe3d9ea697342dcd6c87e840a33bd7bad06a16bfa93008e196945659f232ded7a24&amp;scene=21#wechat_redirect\" target=\"_blank\">\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u3001\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u78b0\u649e&nbsp;<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><br  \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin: 5px 0px;text-align: left;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);letter-spacing: 0px;font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.75;\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"body\"><br  \/><\/p>\n<section  class=\"mpa-template\" mpa-paragraph-type=\"ignored\">\n<hr style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"  \/>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;text-align: center;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\"><img class=\"__bg_gif\"     style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;letter-spacing: 0.5px;height: auto !important;visibility: visible !important;width: 64px !important;\" width=\"100%\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma9-1534231788.gif\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><br  \/><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin: 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);font-size: 16px;line-height: 25.6px;white-space: normal;widows: 1;letter-spacing: 0.5px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\">\n<section   style=\"margin: 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;line-height: 25.6px;text-align: center;outline: none;\">\n<section   style=\"margin: 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;line-height: 25.6px;outline: none;\">\n<section   style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;outline: none;\">\n<section  style=\"margin: 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;font-size: 15px;outline: none;\">\n<section  style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;line-height: 25.6px;border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;padding-right: 3px;padding-left: 3px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;transform: translate3d(0px, 0px, 0px);border-color: rgb(123, 12, 0);line-height: 1.5em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 12px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\">\u96c6\u667aQQ\u7fa4\uff5c292641157<br style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"  \/>\u5546\u52a1\u5408\u4f5c\uff5czhangqian@swarma.org<br style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"  \/>\u6295\u7a3f\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff5cwangting@swarma.org<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<section   style=\"margin: 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;outline: none;\">\n<h1 style=\"margin: 10px 0px;padding: 0px;font-weight: 400;font-size: 16px;line-height: 1.75em;\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;white-space: pre-wrap;color: rgb(0, 112, 192);line-height: 25.6px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;line-height: 28px;white-space: normal;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);font-size: 20px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(136, 136, 136);\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 128, 255);\">\u25c6&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(61, 170, 214);\">\u25c6<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/h1>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(123, 12, 0);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;\">\u641c\u7d22\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;\"><br style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\"  \/><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-right: 0.5em;margin-left: 0.5em;clear: both;min-height: 1em;font-size: 19px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 23.2727px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);\"><strong style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;\" mpa-from-tpl=\"t\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;\">\u52a0\u5165\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u56f4\u5899\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<section style=\"margin: 0px 0.5em;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;color: rgb(71, 193, 168);line-height: 20px;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\">\n<p style=\"margin: 5px auto;padding: 10px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;width: 180px;border-width: 2px;border-style: dashed;border-color: rgb(132, 132, 132);line-height: normal;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;\"><img class=\"\"      style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;height: auto !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;visibility: visible !important;width: auto !important;\" width=\"auto\" src=\"http:\/\/swarma.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/swarma2-1534231788.jpeg\" alt=\"\u96c6\u667a\" title=\"\u96c6\u667a\"  \/><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<p style=\"clear: both;min-height: 1em;\"><span style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px;font-size: 14px;\">\u8ba9\u82f9\u679c\u7838\u5f97\u66f4\u731b\u70c8\u4e9b\u5427\uff01<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<blockquote class='keep-source'>\n<p>\u59cb\u53d1\u4e8e\u5fae\u4fe1\u516c\u4f17\u53f7\uff1a                         \u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8                      <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1931\u5e74\uff0c\u5929\u624d\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u56fe\u7075\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u56fe\u7075\u673a\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u57fa\u7840\u30021943\u5e74\uff0c\u9ea6\u514b\u6d1b\u514b &amp; \u76ae\u8328\uff08McCulloch &amp; 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