{"id":36781,"date":"2022-08-25T22:04:21","date_gmt":"2022-08-25T14:04:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=36781"},"modified":"2022-08-25T22:04:21","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T14:04:21","slug":"%e4%b8%b9%e5%b0%bc%e5%b0%94%c2%b7%e4%b8%b9%e5%b0%bc%e7%89%b9%ef%bc%9a%e4%bb%8e%e3%80%8c%e7%ac%9b%e5%8d%a1%e5%84%bf%e5%89%a7%e5%9c%ba%e3%80%8d%e5%88%b0%e3%80%8c%e5%a4%9a%e9%87%8d%e8%8d%89%e7%a8%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=36781","title":{"rendered":"\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279\uff1a\u4ece\u300c\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5267\u573a\u300d\u5230\u300c\u591a\u91cd\u8349\u7a3f\u300d| \u300a\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u300b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u6881\u91d1\u3001\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


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3. \u5965\u7ef4\u5c14\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n
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\u2014\u2014\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\uff08William James,1890\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u67a2\u9a7b\u5730<\/span>\uff08centered locus\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u79f0\u4e3a\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5f0f\u7269\u8d28\u8bba\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u629b\u5f03\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\uff0c\u5374\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u5267\u573a\u7684\u610f\u8c61\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u201c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u6c47\u805a\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u201d\u3002\u677e\u679c\u4f53\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5267\u573a\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8005\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5019\u9009\u5730\uff1a\u524d\u6263\u5e26\u56de<\/span>\uff08the anterior cingulate\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u8111\u90e8\u7f51\u72b6\u7ed3\u6784\u3001\u989d\u53f6\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5f0f\u7269\u8d28\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u6761\u5173\u952e\u7684\u7ec8\u70b9\u7ebf\u6216\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u6807\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5230\u8fbe\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5c31\u7b49\u4e8e\u5728\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u201c\u5448\u73b0\u201d\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u4f60\u6240\u610f\u8bc6\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u660e\u786e\u5730\u8d5e\u540c\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5f0f\u7269\u8d28\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5267\u573a\u9887\u5177\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u610f\u8c61\u603b\u662f\u4f1a\u56de\u6765\u56f0\u6270\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e78\u514d\u2014\u2014\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5267\u573a\u7684\u5e7d\u7075\u822c\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u8bba\u906d\u5230\u8c34\u8d23\u4e0e\u9a71\u9010\u4e4b\u540e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8111\u4e2d\u6709\u4e2a\u7279\u6b8a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6700\u987d\u56fa\u7684\u574f\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u56f0\u6270\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u4f1a\u6362\u4e0a\u65b0\u7684\u4f2a\u88c5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u770b\u4f3c\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u7406\u7531\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u5427\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u5185\u7701\u4e2d\u6b23\u8d4f\u4e00\u79cd\u201c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u6765\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u201d<\/span>\uff08in here\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u201c\u5728\u90a3\u5916\u9762\u201d<\/span>\uff08out there\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u5206\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u636e\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u63a8\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u8f93\u5165\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53c8\u6070\u597d\u5728\u6240\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u4eec\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u70b9\u4e4b\u524d\uff1f\u4ece\u67d0\u4e00\u5916\u56f4\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6cbf\u7740\u773c\u775b\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u901a\u9053\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u884c\u5230\u89c6\u795e\u7ecf\uff0c\u518d\u5411\u4e0a\u901a\u8fc7\u89c6\u76ae\u8d28\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u2026\u2026\uff1f\u901a\u8fc7\u6cbf\u7740\u808c\u8089\u4e0e\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u9006\u6d41\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u53e6\u4e00\u5916\u56f4\u51fa\u53d1\u5230\u8fbe\u5927\u8111\u76ae\u8d28\u7684\u8f85\u52a9\u8fd0\u52a8\u533a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u2026\u2026\uff1f\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u8def\u7ebf\u671d\u7740\u5f7c\u6b64\u524d\u8fdb\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u659c\u5761\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u9645\u786e\u5b9a\u8111\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u9646\u5206\u6c34\u5cad<\/span>\uff08Continental Divide\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6709\u591a\u4e48\u56f0\u96be\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6839\u636e\u7eaf\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u63a8\u65ad\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u3001\u8f6c\u6298\u70b9\u5417\uff1f\u5728\u8be5\u70b9\u7684\u4e00\u4fa7\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a9c\u6539\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u662f\u524d\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4fa7\u7684\u7a9c\u6539\u6d3b\u52a8\u90fd\u662f\u540e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u7684\u56fe\u89e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c6\u89c9\u5185\u7701\u660e\u663e\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u4f1a\u5230\u8fbe\u677e\u679c\u4f53\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u4ece\u90a3\u91cc\u51fa\u53d1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7ed9\u5927\u8111\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u4e3a\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u989c\u8272\u6765\u7f16\u7801\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u7ea2\u8272\u6807\u8bc6\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u7528\u7eff\u8272\u6807\u8bc6\u8f93\u51fa\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u989c\u8272\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u5206\u6c34\u5cad<\/span>\uff08Mental Divide\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6709\u7740\u5947\u602a\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u8033\u719f\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u6837\u865a\u5047\u7684\u8bba\u8bc1\u7684\u5b6a\u751f\u59ca\u59b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bba\u8bc1\u6700\u8fd1\u592a\u6709\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u4e86\uff0c\u5373\u66b4\u5f97\u5927\u540d\u7684\u62c9\u5f17\u66f2\u7ebf<\/span>\uff08Arthur Laffer\u2019s Curve\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\u4e3a0%\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7a0e\u7387\u5728100%\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u4e3a\u5de5\u8d44\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6536\u5165\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7a0e\u7387\u57282%\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u5927\u7ea6\u4e3a1%\u65f6\u7684\u4e24\u500d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u7c7b\u63a8\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u7a0e\u7387\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u56de\u62a5\u9012\u51cf\uff0c\u7a0e\u6536\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6c89\u91cd\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u8fd9\u6761\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u659c\u7387\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u96be\u9053\u4e00\u5b9a\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u51e0\u4f55\u5b66\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\uff0c\u66f2\u7ebf\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c31\u4f1a\u62d0\u5f2f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u653f\u5e9c\u6536\u5165\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff1f\u62c9\u5f17\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u7a0e\u7387\u5904\u5728\u62c9\u5f17\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u4e0a\u5761\u5730\u5e26\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7a0e\u7387\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u6709\u8bf1\u60d1\u529b\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u5b83\u5bf9\u5f97\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u5bf9\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u5982\u9a6c\u4e01\u00b7\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3<\/span>\uff08Martin  Gardner\uff09<\/span>\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5355\u5355\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f2\u7ebf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u7ec8\u7aef\u662f\u6e05\u695a\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e00\u66f2\u7ebf\u4e2d\u95f4\u533a\u57df\u7684\u672a\u77e5\u90e8\u5206\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u5e73\u6ed1\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6ca1\u9053\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u8bbd\u523a\u7684\u53e3\u6c14\u63d0\u51fa\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u65b0\u62c9\u5f17\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u65b0\u62c9\u5f17\u66f2\u7ebf\u201d\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6781\u5927\u503c\u201d\uff1b\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u6781\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u73af\u5883\u7684\u590d\u6742\u72b6\u51b5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u5355\u4e2a\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u6240\u80fd\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\uff08Gardner, 1981\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u5916\u56f4\u533a\u57df\u8ff7\u96fe\u91cd\u91cd\u7684\u5185\u4fa7\u533a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u5e94\u8be5\u63d0\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8b66\u544a\uff1a\u5916\u56f4\u533a\u57df\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u6e05\u695a\u533a\u5206\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u8def\u9002\u7528\u5230\u5e95<\/strong>\u3002\u52a0\u5fb7\u7eb3\u4e3a\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6240\u8bbe\u60f3\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u6280\u672f\u626d\u66f2\u201d\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u4e0e\u8111\u4e2d\u66f4\u9760\u8fd1\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u533a\u57df\u6240\u53d1\u751f\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u590d\u6742\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u505c\u6b62\u8fd9\u6837\u770b\u5f85\u5927\u8111\uff0c\u5373\u597d\u50cf\u5b83\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u70b9\u6216\u4e2d\u5fc3\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u6beb\u65e0\u5bb3\u5904\u7684\u6377\u5f84\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u574f\u4e60\u60ef\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u7ef4\u4e0a\u7684\u574f\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u786e\u9700\u8981\u8003\u5bdf\u601d\u7ef4\u6d3b\u52a8\u574f\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6211\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u574f\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u8005\u2014\u2014\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u8349\u7a3f\u6a21\u578b\u2014\u2014\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u3002\u6211\u9884\u8ba1\u5b83\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f1a\u76f8\u5f53\u53e4\u602a\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5f88\u96be\u60f3\u6e05\u695a\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5267\u573a\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u6839\u6df1\u8482\u56fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6309\u7167\u591a\u91cd\u8349\u7a3f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u77e5\u89c9<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u5176\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6216\u5fc3\u667a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u80fd\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u9760\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5e73\u884c\u7684\u3001\u591a\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u3001\u5bf9\u611f\u89c9\u8f93\u5165\u7684\u8be0\u91ca\u548c\u7ec6\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong>\u3002\u8fdb\u5165\u795e\u7ecf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u201c\u7f16\u8f91\u4fee\u6539\u72b6\u6001\u201d\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5934\u90e8\u53ea\u8981\u79fb\u52a8\u4e00\u70b9\u513f\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u5c31\u4f1a\u79fb\u52a8\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4f60\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u4e0a\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u6e38\u79fb\u3002\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u5374\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u6643\u6765\u6643\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u60ca\u8bb6\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u773c\u98de\u5feb\u5730\u626b\u89c6\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u5927\u6982\u8981\u52a85\u6b21\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fd0\u52a8\u5c31\u50cf\u5934\u90e8\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4ece\u773c\u7403\u5230\u2026\u2026\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u52a0\u5de5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5c31\u88ab\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u3002\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e86\u89e3\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b63\u5e38\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6548\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u70b9\u4f53\u89c6\u56fe\u6240\u505a\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u7684\u8be0\u91ca<\/span>\uff08Julesz,1971\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u4f53\u5e7b\u706f\u673a\u6765\u770b\u8fd9\u6837\u4e24\u4e2a\u7565\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u8005\u7a0d\u5fae\u5bf9\u773c\uff0c\u76ef\u7740\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u5e45\u56fe\u50cf\u878d\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u2014\u2014\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u4e0d\u501f\u52a9\u4efb\u4f55\u89c6\u89c9\u88c5\u7f6e\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u5230\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f60\u6700\u7ec8\u5c31\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e09\u7ef4\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u6d6e\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u5927\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d1f\u8d23\u6bd4\u8f83\u548c\u5bf9\u7167\u6765\u81ea\u6bcf\u53ea\u773c\u775b\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5927\u8111\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5148\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5217\u90fd\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u63d0\u53d6\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b8c\u6210\u627e\u51fa\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u663e\u8457\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08\u968f\u673a\u70b9\u4f53\u89c6\u56fe\u91cc\u4e2a\u522b\u7684\u70b9\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u591a\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5927\u8111\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5236\u9020\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6548\u679c\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u76f8\u5f53\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u6548\u5219\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u88ab\u505a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u9ea6\u683c\u514b\u6548\u5e94<\/span>\uff08McGurk and Macdonald,1979\uff09<\/span>\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5f53\u6cd5\u56fd\u7535\u5f71\u914d\u4e0a\u82f1\u8bed\u914d\u97f3\u65f6\uff0c\u89c2\u4f17\u6240\u770b\u5230\u7684\u5634\u578b\u52a8\u4f5c\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u542c\u5230\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u4e4b\u95f4\u662f\u6709\u5dee\u522b\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u89c2\u4f17\u4e0d\u4f1a\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u914d\u97f3\u5f88\u9a6c\u864e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u9664\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u610f\u4e3a\u4e4b\u7684\u8f85\u97f3\u9519\u914d\u5916\uff0c\u58f0\u9053\u4e0e\u56fe\u50cf\u914d\u5408\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u90a3\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\uff1f<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u7535\u5f71\u4e2d\u4eba\u7684\u53e3\u578b\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u79fb\u5411\u53f3\u8fb9\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u58f0\u9053\u91cc\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5219\u662f\u201c\u4ece\u7740\u8fb9\u79fb\u5411\u53f3\u8fb9\u201d\u3002\uff09<\/span>\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u542c\u6210\u201c\u4ece\u5de6\u8fb9\u79fb\u5411\u53f3\u8fb9\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6765\u81ea\u773c\u4e0e\u6765\u81ea\u8033\u6735\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u8d21\u732e\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e3a\u5f15\u5165\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u7ade\u4e89\u4e2d\uff0c\u773c\u775b\u4f1a\u80dc\u51fa\u2014\u2014\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5927\u8111\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6309\u65f6\u7a7a\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u56fa\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u88ab\u7cbe\u786e\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u5e76\u4e0d\u6807\u5fd7\u7740\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u533a\u5206\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u610f\u8bc6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u8981\u7d20\uff1f\u8fd9\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u53bb\u95ee\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u5bf9\u5b83\u6709\u4e86\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6df7\u4e71\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5404\u5904\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u67d0\u79cd\u5f88\u50cf\u53d9\u4e8b\u6d41\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u5fc5\u987b\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u5404\u5904\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u5b9a\u9650\u5730\u5ef6\u7eed\u5230\u672a\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5bb9\u6d41\u66f4\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u591a\u91cd\u6027\uff1b\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4\u70b9\u4e0a\uff0c\u8111\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u7f16\u8f91\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u53d9\u4e8b\u6b8b\u7247\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u201c\u8349\u7a3f\u201d<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6765\u63a2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6d41\uff0c\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u52a0\u901f\u4fc3\u6210\u6765\u81ea\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u53d9\u4e8b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6b64\u63a2\u5bdf\u63a8\u8fdf\u592a\u4e45<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u9694\u591c\u624d\u770b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u7559\u4e0b\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d9\u4e8b\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e2a\u53d9\u4e8b\u6d41\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u6d88\u5316\u6216\u8005\u201c\u5f97\u5230\u7406\u6027\u91cd\u6784\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b83\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u63a2\u5bdf\u5f97\u201c\u592a\u65e9\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u6536\u96c6\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bf4\u660e\u5927\u8111\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u65e9\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u533a\u5206\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5373\u6270\u4e71\u539f\u672c\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u591a\u91cd\u6d41\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u8fdb\u7a0b\u3002\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u591a\u91cd\u8349\u7a3f\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u91cc\u5fc5\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u53d9\u4e8b<\/span>\uff08\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5b83\u662f\u201c\u6700\u540e\u7684\u201d\u6216\u201c\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u201d\u8349\u7a3f\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u6743\u5a01\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u662f\u88ab\u8bd5\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5458<\/span>\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u8bd5\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u591f\u8bbf\u95ee\u5b83\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u4f60\u770b\u6765\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u4f9d\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4eb2\u8eab\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5f97\u77e5\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f60\u4ecd\u7136\u5982\u6b64\u5b89\u5fc3\u5730\u628a\u4f60\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u60f3\u6210\u662f\u5728\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u5267\u573a\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u3002\u6253\u7834\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u8212\u670d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4e60\u60ef\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba9\u591a\u91cd\u8349\u7a3f\u6a21\u578b\u53d8\u5f97\u751f\u52a8\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u8fd9\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u662f\u5f88\u602a\u5f02\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u6700\u96be\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u6240\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8df3\u8fc7\uff01\u8c22\u5929\u8c22\u5730\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u5e76\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u6570\u5b66\u3002\u4f60\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7ec6\u5730\u3001\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u60f3\u8c61\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u4f60\u5fc3\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf1\u4eba\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u56fe\u50cf\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5c06\u6709\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u6cbf\u7740\u8fd9\u6761\u66f2\u6298\u4e4b\u8def\u8fdb\u884c\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bf7\u4f60\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8270\u82e6\u7684\u7ec3\u4e60\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4f60\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u70b9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u601d\u8003\u5927\u8111\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769<\/span>\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5f7b\u5e95\u7684\u6539\u53d8\uff09<\/span>\u3002\uff3b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u53c2\u89c1\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u5361\u5c14\u6587<\/span>\uff08William  Calvin,1989\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u201c\u5267\u60c5\u7f16\u9020\u201d<\/span>\uff08scenario-spinning\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u6a21\u578b\u3002\uff3d<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u7406\u89e3\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u529e\u6cd5\u662f\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u800c\u65e7\u7406\u8bba\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u793a\u4f8bA\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u4f3c\u52a8\u73b0\u8c61<\/span>\uff08apparent motion\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6211\u5f88\u9ad8\u5174\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u7535\u5f71\u4e0e\u7535\u89c6\u901a\u8fc7\u5448\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u9759\u6b62\u201d\u56fe\u50cf\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u5e8f\u5217\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u4f3c\u52a8\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u81ea\u7535\u5f71\u65f6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u6765\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7814\u7a76\u8be5\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u65af\u00b7\u97e6\u7279\u6d77\u9ed8<\/span>\uff08Max Wertheimer,1912\uff09<\/span>\u5c06\u4e4b\u79f0\u4e3a\u03a6\u3002\u6309\u6700\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6216\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5c0f\u70b9\u5728\u89c6\u89d2\u4e0a\u5206\u5f004\u5ea6\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u4ea4\u66ff\u95ea\u70c1\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u5728\u6765\u56de\u79fb\u52a8\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u66fe\u7ecf\u7814\u7a76\u03a6\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u53d8\u79cd\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u95ea\u70c1\u7684\u70b9\u989c\u8272\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u03a6\u73b0\u8c61\u8fd8\u4f1a\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u5417\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5728\u201c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201d\u70b9\u79fb\u52a8\u65f6\u201c\u5b83\u201d\u7684\u989c\u8272\u4f1a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u53d8\u5316\uff1f\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u5e7b\u89c9\u4f1a\u6d88\u5931\u5417\uff1f\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u5f00\u95ea\u70c1\u7684\u70b9\u53d6\u4ee3\u5417\uff1f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u5e7b\u89c6\u4e0b\u201c\u79fb\u52a8\u7684\u201d\u70b9\u4f1a\u9010\u6e10\u4ece\u4e00\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u53d8\u6210\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u989c\u8272\u5417\uff1f\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u5728\u8ffd\u8e2a\u4e00\u6761\u7a7f\u8fc7\u6709\u8272\u7403\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed8\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u989c\u8272\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7403\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u7ebf\uff1f\u5f53\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5b8c\u6210<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u6599\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u989c\u8272\u7684\u70b9\u5404\u81ea\u95ea\u70c1150\u6beb\u79d2<\/span>\uff08\u95f4\u969450\u6beb\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u597d\u50cf\u5f00\u59cb\u79fb\u52a8\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u5b83\u901a\u5411\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u5e7b\u89c6\u901a\u9053\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u7a81\u7136\u6539\u53d8\u989c\u8272\u3002\u54f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u53e4\u5fb7\u66fc\u5f88\u60ca\u8bb6\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u80fd\u591f\u2026\u2026\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u95ea\u5149\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6cbf\u7740\u4ece\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ea\u5149\u70b9\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u95ea\u5149\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u95f4\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u586b\u4e0a\u4e1c\u897f\u5462\uff1f\u201d<\/span>\uff08Goodman,1978,p.73\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u03a6\u73b0\u8c61\u5f53\u7136\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u79d1\u52d2\u65af\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u03a6\u73b0\u8c61\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\uff0c\u66ff\u4ee3\u5b83\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u70b9\u662f\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u3002\u9664\u975e\u5927\u8111\u91cc\u6709\u201c\u63d0\u524d\u8ba4\u77e5\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u65e0\u9650\u63a8\u5ef6\u7684\u5938\u5f20\u5047\u8bf4\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5728\u4e2d\u9014\u7ea2\u8272\u53d8\u6210\u7eff\u8272\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5e7b\u89c9\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u7b49\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7eff\u8272\u7684\u70b9\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u70b9\u5df2\u7ecf\u201c\u5728\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e2d\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u628a\u5e7b\u89c9\u5185\u5bb9\u63d2\u5728\u5bf9\u7ea2\u70b9\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e0e\u5bf9\u7eff\u70b9\u7684\u610f\u8bc6\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u96be\u9053\u4e0d\u662f\u592a\u8fdf\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u5927\u8111\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5b8c\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8be1\u8ba1\u7684\uff1f<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539\u4e0e\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u6211\u771f\u7684\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u522b\u4eba\u4e0d\u80fd\u611f\u77e5\u5230\u6211\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5728\u6211\u7684\u9762\u5b54\u540c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u91ce\u63a5\u89e6\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\u91cc\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u76ee\u5149\u6295\u5411\u6211\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u767e\u4e07\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u79d2\u91cc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u628a\u6211\u4ece\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4e2d\u6d17\u6389\uff1a\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u8bb0\u5fc6\u529b\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u3001\u60b2\u4f24\u7684\u5929\u4f7f\u957f\u90a3\u91cc\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u5fd8\u8bb0\u4e86\u6211\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u2014\u2014\u963f\u91cc\u5c14\u00b7\u591a\u5c14\u592b\u66fc\uff08Ariel Dorfman,Mascara,1988\uff09<\/span><\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u795e\u7ecf\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u6765\u63d2\u5165\u865a\u5047\u8bb0\u5fc6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4f1a\u6b3a\u9a97\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u5916\u79d1\u624b\u672f\u8fd8\u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4f1a\u5728\u8111\u4e2d\u81ea\u884c\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u597d\u50cf\u80fd\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u751f\u52a8\u5730\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u4ece\u672a\u6709\u8fc7\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3002\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8457\u300a\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u56db\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u8d1f\u8d23\u771f\u7406\u7684\u90e8\u95e8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53eb\u4eba\u5012\u62bd\u51c9\u6c14\u7684\u63cf\u5199\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u5fd9\u788c\u5730\u6539\u5199\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u540e\u6765\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u89e6<\/span>\uff08\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\uff09<\/span>\u8fc7\u53bb\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u540e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u6c61\u67d3\u6216\u8bb0\u5fc6\u4fee\u6539\u79f0\u4e3a\u5965\u5a01\u5c14\u5f0f\u4fee\u6539<\/strong>\u5427\u3002
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\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u6700\u4f18\u63a2\u5bdf\u65f6\u95f4\u201d\uff1f\u5047\u8bbe\u8fc7\u4e00\u4f1a\u513f\u4e4b\u540e\u8fd9\u79cd\u53d9\u4e8b\u76f8\u5f53\u7a33\u5b9a\u5730\u9000\u53bb\uff0c\u65e2\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7ec6\u8282\u6d88\u9000\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fee\u9970<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u672c\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bf4\u7684\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u6211\u5728\u805a\u4f1a\u4e0a\u7684\u786e\u8bf4\u4e86\u7684\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u5730\u63a2\u5bdf\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u5e8f\u5217\u662f\u6709\u9053\u7406\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53c8\u60f3\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e3a\u5306\u5fd9\u7684\u63a2\u5bdf\u800c\u5e72\u6270\u8fd9\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u77e5\u89c9\u4f1a\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u53d8\u6210\u8bb0\u5fc6\uff0c\u201c\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u201d\u8be0\u91ca\u4f1a\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89c9\u5730\u53d8\u6210\u7406\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u6784\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u3001\u9002\u5408\u6240\u6709\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u9876\u70b9\uff0c\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u63a2\u5bdf\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8131\u79bb\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7528\u6765\u52a0\u901f\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u4e8e\u8be5\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u63a2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d9\u4e8b\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u8fde\u7eed\u7684\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u5355\u4e00\u53d9\u4e8b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u4f5c\u6743\u5a01\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u672c\u201d\u2014\u2014\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u610f\u8bc6\u6d41\u91cc\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u4e2d\u88ab\u6c38\u8fdc\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u504f\u79bb\u53d9\u8ff0\u90fd\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u6587\u672c\u8bb9\u8bef\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u65e0\u6cd5\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u53d9\u4e8b<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u7247\u6bb5\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\u201c\u65f6\u95f4<\/span>\uff08\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5230\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u7ebf\u201d\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u89c6\u70b9\u6765\u770b\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6765\u540c\u522b\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u5bf9\u6bd4\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e0e\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5927\u8111\u91cc\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u6761\u65f6\u95f4\u7ebf\u4e5f\u8bb8\u4e0d\u5fc5\u4ee5\u6b63\u4ea4\u5bf9\u51c6\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u56f4\u6210\u76f4\u89d2\uff09<\/span>\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7ea2\u8272\u53d8\u6210\u7eff\u8272\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u9519\u8bef\uff09<\/span>\u533a\u5206\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u533a\u5206\u51fa\u7eff\u70b9\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e3b\u89c2\u7684\u6216\u53d9\u4e8b\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u4e5f\u5f53\u7136\u662f\uff1a\u7ea2\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u7ea2\u53d8\u7eff\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u662f\u7eff\u70b9\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u89c6\u70b9\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6d82\u62b9\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u5dee\u522b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5dee\u522b\u5f15\u8d77\u626d\u7ed3<\/span>\uff08kink\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u6b63\u4ea4\u5bf9\u51c6\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u65e0\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u7684\u5938\u5f20\u6216\u5f62\u6210\u6311\u6218\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e00\u6837\u5e76\u4e0d\u795e\u79d8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdd\u80cc\u56e0\u679c\u89c2\u5ff5\uff1a\u7535\u5f71\u91cc\u7684\u4e2a\u522b\u573a\u666f\u5e38\u5e38\u4e71\u5e8f\u653e\u6620\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u4f60\u9605\u8bfb\u53e5\u5b50\u201c\u6bd4\u5c14\u662f\u5728\u8428\u4e3d\u4e4b\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u805a\u4f1a\u73b0\u573a\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u73cd\u59ae\u5219\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u5230\u5f97\u90fd\u65e9\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u73cd\u59ae\u5230\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e9\u4e4b\u524d\u4f60\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u6bd4\u5c14\u5230\u4e86\u3002\u8868\u5f81\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u8868\u5f81\u6d3b\u52a8\u6240\u8868\u5f81\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0e\u65f6\u95f4\u5219\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5728\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u4e0a\u65e0\u5173\u5b8f\u65e8\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5374\u4ecd\u7136\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5f62\u800c\u4e0a\u5b66\u8303\u7574\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4f9d\u636e\uff1a\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d9\u4e8b\u675f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u5b50\u201d\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u8005<\/span>\uff08a something it is like something to be\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u7ecf\u5386\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u4f60\u9a7e\u8f66\u6570\u516c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u6c89\u6d78\u4e8e\u4ea4\u8c08<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u5fc3\u4e8b\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f60\u53d1\u73b0\u81ea\u5df1\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8bb0\u5f97\u9053\u8def\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u60c5\u51b5\u548c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u9a7e\u8f66\u52a8\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u9a7e\u9a76\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u5bb6\u2014\u2014\u6211\u627f\u8ba4\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u5185<\/span>\uff08Dennett,1969,p.116ff\uff09<\/span>\u2014\u2014\u73cd\u89c6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u77e5\u89c9\u4e0e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u667a\u529b\u6d3b\u52a8\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edd\u5999\u4f8b\u8bc1\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4f60\u771f\u7684\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u6240\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u8def\u8fc7\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u3001\u7ea2\u706f\u548c\u8def\u53e3\u7684\u5f2f\u9053\u5417\uff1f\u4f60\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u786e\u662f\u5728\u6ce8\u610f\u522b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u66fe\u63a2\u5bdf\u5728\u9a7e\u8f66\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u523b\u4f60\u521a\u597d\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u4f60\u81f3\u5c11\u4f1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5927\u81f4\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u53ef\u4ee5\u62a5\u544a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u9a7e\u9a76\u201d\u73b0\u8c61\u6700\u597d\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u610f\u8bc6\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u5728\u8fc5\u901f\u6d88\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a[\u7f8e] \u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u4e39\u5c3c\u7279<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u7248\u65f6\u95f4\uff1a2022\u5e747\u6708<\/span><\/p>\n

\u51fa\u7248\u793e\uff1a\u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2\u00b7\u65b0\u601d\u6587\u5316\u5de5\u4f5c\u5ba4<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u3010\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u3011\u56f4\u7ed5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5efa\u6a21\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u8111\u75be\u75c5\u3001\u8111\u8ba4\u77e5\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7814\u8ba8\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u7ed3\uff0c\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u79d1\u7814\u793e\u7fa4\u96c6\u7ed3\u4e86\u8fd1500\u4f4d\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5e08\u751f\u53ca\u4ea7\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u62a5\u540d\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u5373\u53ef\u89e3\u9501\u5f55\u64ad\u89c6\u9891\u5e76\u5165\u7fa4\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u9886\u57df\u6709\u6d53\u539a\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u8005\u62a5\u540d\u53c2\u4e0e\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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