{"id":37099,"date":"2022-09-06T22:04:54","date_gmt":"2022-09-06T14:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=37099"},"modified":"2022-09-06T22:04:54","modified_gmt":"2022-09-06T14:04:54","slug":"science%ef%bc%9a%e7%bb%9f%e4%b8%80%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%bc%82%e9%80%9f%e7%94%9f%e9%95%bf%e7%9a%84%e8%a7%84%e6%a8%a1%e6%b3%95%e5%88%99%e6%96%b0%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=37099","title":{"rendered":"Science\uff1a\u7edf\u4e00\u751f\u7269\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\u65b0\u7406\u8bba"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u751f\u547d\u9075\u5faa\u666e\u904d\u7684\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff08scaling law\uff09\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee3\u8c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5176\u5178\u578b\u662f3\/4\u6b21\u5e42\u7684\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u5f8b\uff08\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff09\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5229\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u91cf\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u7d27\u5bc6\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u539f\u5219\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd1\u65e5\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e Science \u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u2014\u2014\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u662f\u5185\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u540c\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u5ea6\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u5171\u540c\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee3\u8c22\u5f02\u901f\u6807\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u8fd8\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u4eba\u4e3a\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6539\u53d8\u5c06\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u7269\u79cd\u5411\u7740\u964d\u4f4e\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u3001\u751f\u957f\u7387\u52a0\u5feb\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\uff08lifetime reproduction\uff09\u51cf\u5c11\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u672a\u6765\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7387\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff1a\u89c4\u6a21\u6cd5\u5219\uff0c\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\uff0c\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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Metabolic scaling is the product of life-history optimization<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/science.abm7649<\/span><\/p>\n

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1. \u8de8\u8d8a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u751f\u7269\u4ee5\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u8457\u79f0\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u8de8\u8d8a\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u7edf\u4e00\u89c4\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u5f8b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u7269\u5185\u4e0d\u540c\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u7f29\u653e\u89c4\u5f8b\uff0c\u5982\u62db\u6f6e\u87f9<\/span>\uff08Fiddler Crab\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u94b3\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u6bd4\u5b83\u8eab\u4f53\u957f\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u957f\u8981\u66f4\u5feb\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\u5f02\u901f\u751f\u957f\u5f8b\u4e5f\u80fd\u523b\u753b\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7684\u751f\u957f\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5982\u4f53\u91cd\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5176\u751f\u957f\u548c\u5b58\u6d3b\u6240\u9700\u80fd\u91cf\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u6210\u6bd4\u4f8b\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u548c\u4f53\u91cd\u5b58\u57283\/4\u5e42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5373E=cM3\/4<\/sup><\/span>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\u6700\u8000\u773c\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u89c4\u5f8b\u2014\u2014\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u582a\u79f0\u751f\u7269\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5f00\u666e\u52d2\u5b9a\u5f8b[1]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u968f\u7740\u5927\u6570\u636e\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u6765\u4e34\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u6570\u636e\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u9a8c\u8bc1\u514b\u83b1\u4f2f\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u666e\u9002\u6027\uff0c\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u4e86\u5c0f\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u3001\u7ebf\u7c92\u4f53\uff0c\u5927\u5230\u84dd\u9cb8\u5c06\u8fd127\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7[2,3]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe1. \u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6765\u6e90[3]<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u90a3\u4e48\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4f53\u91cd\u548c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u68373\/4\u7684\u5e42\u6b21\u5173\u7cfb\u5462\uff1f\u5173\u4e8e\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u4ea7<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u5305\u62ec\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u591a\u949f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08metabolic thoery\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08life-history thoery\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7406\u8bba<\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5e9f\u7269\u6216\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8868\u9762\u79ef\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u7269\u8d28\u4ea4\u6362\u6216\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u751f\u7269\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u7ed3\u6784\u7ea6\u675f\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u914d\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u5de5\u4f5c[4]\u4e2d\u5efa\u6a21\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5206\u5f62\u7f51\u7edc\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u548c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u957f\u8f68\u8ff9\u6700\u7ec8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u83b7\u53d6\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u53d7\u5230\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u800c\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7406\u8bba<\/strong>\u5219\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u4e2a\u4f53\u751f\u957f\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5047\u8bbe\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u751f\u5b58\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u662f\u6709\u9650\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9636\u6bb5\u7ef4\u6301\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c[5,6]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u4e2a\u4f53\u4ee3\u8c22\u548c\u751f\u957f\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u601d\u8def\u662f\u5efa\u6a21\u4e86\u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u751f\u957f\u3001\u7e41\u884d\u8fd9\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u6807\u5ea6\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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2. \u4ee3\u8c22\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u6a21\u578b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf\u6d88\u8017\u5206\u914d\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u3002\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u652f\u51fa ET<\/sub> \u7b49\u4e8e\u751f\u7269\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab <\/span>(self-maintenance) <\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u91cf EM<\/sub>\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u751f\u4ea7<\/span> (production) <\/span>\u7684\u80fd\u91cfEP<\/sub><\/span>\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cf\u53c8\u80fd\u5206\u6210\u4f9b\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u751f\u957f (growth) \u7684\u80fd\u91cfER<\/sub>\u548c\u7e41\u884d\uff08reproduction)\u7684\u80fd\u91cfER<\/sub>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u6d88\u5316\u98df\u7269\u7684\u80fd\u91cfED<\/sub>\u548c\u7528\u4e8e\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u80fd\u91cfEA<\/sub>\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53\u751f\u7269\u5904\u4e8e\u9910\u540e<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u6d88\u5316\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u4e0d\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u65e0\u6d3b\u52a8\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u516c\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


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ET<\/sub> = EM<\/sub> + EP<\/sub> = EM<\/sub> + EG<\/sub> + ER<\/sub><\/span><\/math-formula><\/p>\n


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\u901a\u5e38\u80fd\u91cf\u652f\u51faE\u548c\u751f\u7269\u91cfm\u4e4b\u95f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u5e42\u5f8b\u5173\u7cfbE = aE<\/sub> m<\/span>bE<\/sub><\/sup><\/span>\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0caE<\/sub>\u662f\u5e42\u5f8b\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cbE<\/sub>\u662f\u5e42\u5f8b\u6307\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u652f\u51faET<\/sub>\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u80fd\u91cfEM<\/sub>\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e42\u6307\u6570bM<\/sub>\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cfER<\/sub>\u5219\u662f\u5927\u4e8e1\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f53\u578b\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7e41\u884d\u65f6\u5355\u4f4d\u4f53\u79ef\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7e41\u884d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8d8a\u6f2b\u957f\uff0c\u751f\u7684\u540e\u4ee3\u6570\u91cf\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u56fe1A\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9636\u6bb5\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u914d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u8fbe\u5230\u6210\u719f\u671f\u524d\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cf\u5168\u90e8\u7528\u6765\u751f\u957f<\/span>\uff08EP<\/sub> = EG<\/sub>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u6210\u719f\u671f\u540e\uff0c\u751f\u957f\u80fd\u91cfEG<\/sub>\u9010\u6e10\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fd9\u90e8\u5206\u80fd\u91cf\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7e41\u884d\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08EP<\/sub> = ER<\/sub>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u751f\u957f\u8fc7\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u80fd\u91cfEG<\/sub>\uff0c\u5373\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2dCM<\/sub>\u662f\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8f6c\u5316\u7cfb\u6570\uff0cf\u662f\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u603b\u80fd\u91cf\u4e2d\u5360\u6bd4\u7cfb\u6570\u3002\u5f53\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cf\u5168\u90e8\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7e41\u884d\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6\u751f\u7269\u4e5f\u5c31\u505c\u6b62\u751f\u957f\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u5176\u8d28\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u503cM\uff0c\u6b64\u65f6<\/sub>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f30\u8ba1\u51faaE<\/span>R<\/sub><\/sub>\uff0c\u4ee3\u56de\u4e0a\u8ff0\u516c\u5f0f\u5c31\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u957f\u65b9\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\u4e2d\u6240\u793a\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe1\uff1a\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u914d\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u957f\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002A. \u89c4\u6a21\u548c\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cfEP<\/sub>\u5206\u914d\u7684\u4f9d\u8d56\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u91cf\u7531\u751f\u957f\u80fd\u91cfEG<\/sub>\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cfER<\/sub>\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u7b49\u4e8e\u603b\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u80fd\u91cfET<\/sub>\uff08\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff09\u548c\u7ef4\u6301\u80fd\u91cfEM<\/sub>\uff08\u865a\u7ebf\uff09\u7684\u5dee\u3002\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cfER<\/sub>\u5728\u56fe\u4e2d\u7528\u84dd\u8272\u6a21\u5757\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u751f\u957f\u80fd\u91cfEG<\/sub>\u7531\u7ea2\u8272\u6a21\u5757\u8868\u793a\u3002B-D\u662f\u51e0\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u957f\u66f2\u7ebf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u80fd\u591f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u7ee7\u7eed\u63a8\u5bfc\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u5212\u5206\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u4ee3\u8c22\u53c2\u6570\u3001\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\uff08L\uff09<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u6c27\u6c14\u7684\u6d88\u8017\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u6240\u9700\u7684\u80fd\u91cfET<\/sub>\u8d8a\u9ad8\u4f1a\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73L\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5047\u8bbe\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\uff081\uff09\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6307\u6570b\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u957f\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u662f\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u62e5\u6709\u8d8a\u9ad8\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u7269\u79cd\u4f1a\u6210\u957f\u7684\u66f4\u5feb<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2A\uff09<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff082\uff09\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73L\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6307\u6570\u8d8a\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u751f\u957f\u7684\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6162<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2B\uff09<\/span>\uff1b<\/span><\/section>\n
\uff083\uff09\u5982\u679c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5e42\u6307\u6570b\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u6700\u5927\u80fd\u91cf\u5c06\u4f1a\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u6b63\u76f8\u5173<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2E\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5373\u62e5\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f1a\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7e41\u884d\u8fc7\u7a0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

\uff084\uff09\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73L\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cfER<\/span>max<\/sub><\/sub>\u548c\u5e42\u6307\u6570b\u6b63\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u52a8\u7269\u5728\u751f\u547d\u540e\u671f\u5206\u914d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u529b<\/strong><\/span>\uff08\u56fe2F\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe2\u7684CDGH\u5206\u522b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u9884\u6d4b\u505a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u80fd\u91cf\u968f\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u89c2\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002A-D\u662f\u6210\u957f\u80fd\u91cf\uff0cE-H\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u5e42\u6307\u6570b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4ee3\u8c22\u7387\u7684\u6807\u5ea6\u4e2d\u4f30\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\uff08L=amb<\/sup><\/span>)\u3002ABEF\u7684\u865a\u7ebf\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4ece\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u7ebf\uff08CDGH\uff09\u662f\u4ece\u4f7f\u7528\u5e7f\u4e49\u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e58\u6a21\u578b\u4f30\u8ba1\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u56fe\u4e2d\u7684\u70b9\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u968f\u673a\u6a21\u578b\u8c03\u6574\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u6570\u636e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span>
<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u4f18\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5bfc\u81f4\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5f02\u901f\u6807\u5ea6\u73b0\u8c61<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

<\/span>
<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4e86\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u540e\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u53bb\u4f5c\u8005\u8fd8\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u6307\u6570\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u63a2\u7a76\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u751f\u957f\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\u4e3a<\/sub>\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u503c\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f30\u8ba1\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5176\u4e2d bE<\/span>R<\/sub><\/sub>\u3001\u6bd4\u4f8b f \u548c\u6210\u719f\u671f\u8d28\u91cf Mmat<\/sub> \u7684\u53d6\u503c\u90fd\u53c2\u8003\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0cbE<\/span>R<\/sub><\/sub>=0.137\uff0c f=0.43, m = Mmat<\/sub> = 223M\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u4f7f\u5f97 ER<\/sub> \u6700\u5927\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6307\u6570 bE<\/span>T <\/sub><\/sub>\u7684\u503c\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u89c2\u6d4b\u5230\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u6307\u6570\u503c\u975e\u5e38\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u6a21\u578b\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6700\u5927 ER<\/sub> \u4f1a\u968f\u7740 b<\/span>E<\/span>T<\/sub><\/sub>\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u7528\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u662f\u548c\u7269\u79cd\u65e0\u5173\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u57287\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4e0b\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3A\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe3. \u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\uff08bE<\/span>t<\/sub><\/sub><\/span>\uff09\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u989c\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\uff08\u7f29\u653e\u52300-1\u7684\u533a\u95f4\u5185\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4ee3\u8c22\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u548c\u4ee3\u8c22\u6c34\u5e73\u65e0\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u548c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u6570\u636e\u6700\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c90%\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6807\u5ea6\u6307\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e1\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u636e\u6b64\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5f02\u901f\u6807\u5ea6\u662f\u4ece\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u6709\u9650\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5468\u671f\u5185\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u4e89\u8bae\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee3\u8c22\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u5f02\u901f\u6807\u5ea6\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u90fd\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u7ea6\u675f\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8c22\u5f02\u901f\u6807\u5ea6\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u672c\u6587\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u652f\u6301\u4e86\u540e\u8005\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u957f\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5f97\u7e41\u884d\u80fd\u91cf\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4ee3\u8c22\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5f02\u901f\u6807\u5ea6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u57fa\u4e8e\u6b64\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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4. \u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u4e0b\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7684\u65b0\u542b\u4e49<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[1] Allometry. http:\/\/www.biology.arizona.edu\/biomath\/tutorials\/applications\/Allometry.html<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] Max Kleiber. Body size and metabolism. Hilgardia. 1932, 6: 315\u2013351<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] Allometric scaling of metabolic rate from molecules and mitochondria to cells and mammals<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] G. B. West, J. H. Brown, B. J. Enquist, Nature 413, 628\u2013631 (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] A. J. Zera, L. G. Harshman, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32,95\u2013126 (2001).<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] S. C. Stearns, Funct. Ecol. 3, 259 (1989).<\/span><\/p>\n


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