{"id":37554,"date":"2022-09-27T22:38:26","date_gmt":"2022-09-27T14:38:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=37554"},"modified":"2022-09-27T22:38:26","modified_gmt":"2022-09-27T14:38:26","slug":"%e7%94%a8%e7%bb%86%e8%83%9e%e5%88%b6%e9%80%a0%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e6%b7%b7%e5%90%88%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e4%ba%ba-%e6%9c%ba%e5%99%a8%e4%ba%ba%e9%a2%86%e5%9f%9f%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=37554","title":{"rendered":"\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u5236\u9020\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u524d\u6cbf"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Will microfluidics enable functionally integrated biohybrid robots?<\/span><\/p>\n

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https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/10.1073\/pnas.2200741119<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u4e00\u822c\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a Cyborg\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5f02\u5f62\u300b\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u5316\u4eba\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u51b0\u51b7\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u4e2a\u4f53\uff1b\u800c\u4e0e\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5219\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a Biohybrid\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba<\/strong><\/span>\uff08biohybrid robots\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6027\u3002\u73b0\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5230\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e0e\u7ec6\u80de\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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2.1 \u7ec6\u80de\u7528\u4f5c\u9a71\u52a8\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n


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2005\u5e74\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5c06\u5355\u4e2a\u5fc3\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u53d1\u80b2\u6210\u808c\u675f\u540e\u4e0e\u7845\u5236\u5fae\u673a\u68b0\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u96c6\u6210\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u529b\u4f20\u5bfc\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u6536\u7f29\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\uff0c\u6765\u6267\u884c\u5404\u79cd\u8fd0\u52a8\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u76843D\u6784\u8c61\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u8f83\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6293\u3001\u8d70\u3001\u6e38\u6cf3\uff0c\u5747\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u63a7\u5236\u80fd\u529b[2,3]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u57fa\u4e8e\u6536\u7f29\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668<\/span><\/strong>\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u65e0\u58f0\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u67d4\u8f6f\u7684\u624b\u611f\u3001\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u964d\u89e3\u3001\u81ea\u6108\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91c7\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u5bc6\u96c6\u3001\u5ec9\u4ef7\u548c\u73af\u4fdd\u7684\u8461\u8404\u7cd6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u71c3\u6599[2,3]\u3002\u5355\u4e2a\u9aa8\u9abc\u808c\u7ba1\u548c\u5fc3\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6536\u7f29\u529b\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u7ea6 1 \u03bcN \u548c 10 \u03bcN\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5fae\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u53ef\u68c0\u6d4b\u7684\u529b\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u73b0\u6709\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u9a71\u52a8\u5668<\/span>\uff08\u538b\u7535\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\uff09<\/span>\u53ea\u80fd\u5728 >1 mm \u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6709\u6548\u7f29\u653e[2,3]\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u5728\u4e24\u79cd\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0b\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6536\u7f29\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5c0f\u578b\u751f\u7269\u533b\u5b66\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u5e94\u7528\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b8f\u89c2\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u5c06\u4f7f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u6829\u6829\u5982\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u4f5c\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u590d\u548c\u67d4\u8f6f\u7684\u624b\u611f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u8fdb\u884c\u4eb2\u5bc6\u63a5\u89e6\u548c\u4e92\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fc7\u53bb\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f53\u5916\u5236\u9020\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668<\/strong>\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u76f8\u5f53\u5927\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u57fa\u4e8e\u5de5\u7a0b\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8fd8\u662f\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5982\u539f\u751f\u808c\u8089\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u9a71\u52a8\u6280\u672f\u3002\u5408\u6210\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u4ece 0.1cm3<\/sup>~0.1m3<\/sup> \u4e0d\u7b49\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u529b\u5927\u7ea6\u5728 102<\/sup> <\/span>~105<\/sup> <\/span>N \u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6bd4\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u529b\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e86\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7<\/span>\uff08\u5927\u7ea6\u5728 10-6<\/sup>~10-3<\/sup>N \u4e4b\u95f4\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u4fdd\u6301\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u529f\u7387\u6bd4\u6709\u671b\u63d0\u9ad8\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u957f\u671f\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5de5\u7a0b\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u4e2d\u671f\u548c\u957f\u671f\u529f\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u4f53\u7684\u4f53\u5916\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53d8\u5dee\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u9488\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u6539\u8fdb\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f53\u5916\u5236\u9020\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u9ad8\u6548\u3001\u4eff\u751f\u3001\u53ef\u63a7\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u808c\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u8282\u7ec6\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u548c\u6536\u7f29\u76f8\u5173\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u5176\u6536\u7f29\u529b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u808c\u52a8\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u808c\u51dd\u86cb\u767d\u3001\u808c\u9499\u86cb\u767d\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u808c\u6e90\u6027\u5206\u5316\u548c\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u53d1\u80b2\u7684\u8c03\u8282\u56e0\u5b50\u3002\u4e8c\u3001\u6700\u5927\u9650\u5ea6\u5730\u5c06\u529b\u4ece\u6536\u7f29\u5355\u5143\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u754c\u9762\u6765\u51cf\u5c11\u5408\u6210\u9aa8\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6709\u9650\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u529b\u7684\u5206\u6563\u3002\u4e09\u3001\u4e3a\u4e86\u6269\u5927\u5176\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u652f\u6301\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u201c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u5916\u201d\u957f\u671f\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u56db\u3001\u57fa\u4e8e\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u591a\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u62df\u7684\u5148\u8fdb\u5efa\u6a21\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u5feb\u901f\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

2.2 \u7ec6\u80de\u7528\u4f5c\u4f20\u611f\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u7535\u6c60<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n


<\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u5904\u7406\u5916\u90e8\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u8425\u517b\u7269\u8d28\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u673a\u68b0\u80fd\u3002\u7ec6\u83cc\u3001\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7279\u5316\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u4f20\u611f\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u548c\u4f9b\u7535\u529f\u80fd[32-35]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u611f\u5668<\/strong>\uff0c\u611f\u77e5\u673a\u68b0\u523a\u6fc0\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u529f\u5236\u9020\u51fa\u4e86\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u89e6\u89c9\u6216\u8005\u542c\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u7ec6\u80de [16,36]\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u7ec6\u80de\u6216\u8005\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u53cd\u5e94\u5219\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u524d\u666f\u3002\u5728\u5343\u79a7\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u7531\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u6750\u6599\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u89c6\u7f51\u819c\u5047\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u6062\u590d\u89c6\u529b\u7684\u7814\u7a76 [40-42]\u3002\u5149\u9057\u4f20\u57fa\u56e0\u7ec4\u4fee\u9970\u4f7f\u7ec6\u80de\u5177\u6709\u5149\u654f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u540e\u5929\u7684\u3001\u975e\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u88ab\u5229\u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u56fa\u6709\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u548c\u808c\u8089\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u7535\u5316\u5b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u6216\u7269\u7406\u6536\u7f29\uff09<\/span>[37,43]\u3002\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u57f9\u517b\u5728\u4eba\u9020\u82af\u7247\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a71\u52a8\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8fd0\u52a8\u6216\u6267\u884c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52a1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u751f\u7269\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u8c03\u8282\u808c\u8089\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u6536\u7f29 [47-49]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u6d89\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u7535\u7684\u4ea7\u751f<\/strong>\u3002\u5c06\u81ea\u53d1\u8df3\u52a8\u7684\u5fc3\u808c\u7ec6\u80de\u4e0e\u901a\u8fc7\u538b\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u538b\u7684\u6750\u6599\u8fde\u63a5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7535\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5fae\u7535\u5b50\u8bbe\u5907\u4f9b\u7535 [50,51]\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u5168\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5149\u5408\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u5230\u5316\u5b66\u80fd\u7684\u8f6c\u5316<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5149\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u51cf\u5c11\u548c\u751f\u7269\u6c22\u751f\u4ea7\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u6e90\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5b58\u50a8 [52,53]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

3. \u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\uff1a<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6865\u6881<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

\n


<\/p>\n

3.1 \u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7b49\u52a8\u529b\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u534f\u540c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u8f6f\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\uff0c\u9a71\u52a8\u5e38\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u6d41\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6f\u4f53\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u6750\u6599\u53d8\u5f62\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u6d41\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u5f15\u8d77\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u4e3b\u52a8\u9a71\u52a8\u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u548c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u754c\u9762\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u5f88\u5c11\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7a00\u7f3a\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u8f6f\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u662f\u5927\u7ea610\u5e74\u524d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5e74\u8f7b\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u5b66\u5219\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb20\u5e74\u91cc\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55[56-59]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

3.2 \u7528\u4e8e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u542b\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u751f\u957f\u3001\u8001\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u65e5\u76ca\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fae\u7c73\u5230\u6beb\u7c73\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u901a\u9053\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u7684\u704c\u6ce8\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u662f\u8bb8\u591a\u542b\u6709\u7ec6\u80de\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u751f\u957f\u3001\u8001\u5316\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u7279\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7c98\u9644\u3001\u675f\u7f1a\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528[60-63]\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u6280\u672f\u4e0e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u672f\u65e5\u76ca\u878d\u5408\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fae\u7c73\u5230\u6beb\u7c73\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u901a\u9053\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u4f53\u704c\u6ce8\u548c\u6d41\u52a8\uff1b\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u57f9\u517b\u591a\u79cd\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\uff1b\u4f18\u5316\u751f\u5316\u68af\u5ea6\uff1b\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u673a\u68b0\u529b\u523a\u6fc0\u7ec6\u80de[64,65]\u3002\u672a\u6765\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u5c06\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f7f\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u80fd\u591f\u590d\u5236\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7ec6\u80de\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u5229\u7528\u4e8e\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7c7b\u5668\u5b98\u9886\u57df\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u57f9\u517b\u5927\u578b\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u4eff\u81ea\u7136\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8840\u7ba1\u5316\u7684\u53ef\u704c\u6ce8\u901a\u9053\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u901a\u9053\u5185\u7cbe\u7ec6\u65bd\u52a0\u6d41\u4f53\u6d41\u52a8\u6765\u7cbe\u786e\u5730\u5206\u5e03\u6d41\u4f53\u538b\u529b\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u4f53\u79ef\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u638c\u63e1\u6d41\u4f53\u5fae\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5c06\u786e\u4fdd\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u5b58\u6d3b\u7684\u7cbe\u7ec6\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f53\u5916\u957f\u671f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u6d3b\u529b[66-69]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n

3.3 \u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5e94\u7528\u5728\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/h2>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe2\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5411\u6211\u4eec\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u6f5c\u529b\u2014\u2014\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u867d\u7136\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u5176\u5b83\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u611f\u77e5\u548c\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u6587\u7ae0 [16,18,19,47] \u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u5e73\u53f0\u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u57f9\u517b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7279\u5b9a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u808c\u8089\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8d4b\u4e88\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u529f\u80fd<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u8fd0\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u80fd\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u5b89\u5168\u5730\u64cd\u4f5c\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u751f\u4ea7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4ece\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u63a7\u5236\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u82af\u7247<\/strong>\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u63a7\u4ef6\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u82af\u7247\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u4f8b\u5982\u6c34\u6c61\u67d3\u68c0\u6d4b\u7b49\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u914d\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u73af\u5883\u6db2\u4f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7ec6\u80de\u6d3b\u529b\u4e0e\u5df2\u77e5\u6216\u672a\u77e5\u6c61\u67d3\u7269\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u8f6c\u5bfc\u4fe1\u53f7<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u963b\u6297\u6216\u57fa\u4e8e\u8272\u8c31\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u8bc4\u4f30\u6c34\u6837\u7684\u8d28\u91cf[72]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u8757\u866b\u7684\u9f13\u5ba4\u5668\u5b98\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u542c\u89c9\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5305\u62ec\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u542c\u795e\u7ecf\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8bb0\u5f55\u7531\u58f0\u97f3\u89e6\u53d1\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u6d3b\u52a8[16]\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u58f0\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7531\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u82af\u7247\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u82af\u7247\u914d\u6709\u7535\u6781\uff0c\u5c06\u542c\u795e\u7ecf\u7684\u7535\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u5e94\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u673a\u5668\u4eba\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u82af\u7247\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8154\u5ba4\u6765\u4fdd\u6301\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u5e76\u6267\u884c\u7535\u751f\u7406\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5185\u90e8\u590d\u6742\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u53ef\u96c6\u6210\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ec6\u80de\u5bf9\u673a\u68b0\u6ce2\u548c\u8d1f\u8f7d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u89e3\u9501\u542c\u89c9\u548c\u89e6\u89c9\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u6280\u672f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u518d\u76f4\u63a5\u4f7f\u7528\u4ece\u52a8\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u9884\u5236\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u80de\u805a\u96c6\u4f53\u6216\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u6784\u5efa\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u611f\u89c9\u7ec6\u80de\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e0e\u5fae\u82af\u7247\u7684\u7ec4\u4ef6\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u82af\u7247\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5236\u9020\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u63d0\u9ad8\u6536\u7f29\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u672a\u6765\u671f\u671b\u662f\u6269\u5927\u751f\u7269\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u6362\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5927\u578b\u3001\u8010\u7528\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5668\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u704c\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5206\u914d\u6c27\u6c14\u548c\u8425\u517b\u5230\u5927\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f00\u53d1\u4fbf\u643a\u5f0f\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u8ba9\u7ec6\u80de\u5728\u79fb\u52a8\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u751f\u5b58\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5c06\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6539\u8fdb\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u8fd8\u6709\u5f85\u89c2\u5bdf\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u80fd\u5148\u4ece\u6539\u8fdb\u7ec6\u80de\u7ec4\u88c5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u751f\u7269\u6a21\u5757\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u56fe2\uff1a\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u5728\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5c06\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u5982\u808c\u8089\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u7cbe\u7ec6\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u652f\u914d\u7f51\u7edc\u5c06\u4f7f\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u9635\u5217\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u63a7\u5236\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c03\u8282\u7ec6\u80de\u5fae\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5fae\u5236\u9020\u7ec6\u80de\u8f7d\u751f\u7269\u6750\u6599\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u5c06\u5b55\u80b2\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7528\u9014\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u7ec4\u7ec7\u704c\u6ce8\u548c\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u5e94\u5668\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u6301\u4e45\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\n
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<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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4. \u6311\u6218\u548c\u672a\u6765\u5c55\u671b<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f\u8fd8\u5904\u4e8e\u8d77\u6b65\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9886\u57df\u6709\u5f85\u63a2\u7d22\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6311\u6218\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u8981\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u4f53\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u51b3\u7ec6\u80de\u5bff\u547d\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5236\u9020\u548c\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u6750\u6599\u9700\u8981\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u624d\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u73af\u5883\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u5316\u548c\u6c14\u4f53\u4ea4\u6362\u3002\u7cbe\u786e\u63a7\u5236\u6d41\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u5c06\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u63a8\u8fdb\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u6280\u672f<\/strong>\u3002\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u5fae\u6d41\u4f53\u8c03\u8282\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u5c06\u5141\u8bb8\u6211\u4eec\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u7ec4\u88c5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u548c\u4eff\u751f\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u5e73\u53f0\u5c06\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u523a\u6fc0\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u7269\u9a71\u52a8\u5668\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u751f\u957f\u3002\u5fae\u6d41\u63a7\u6280\u672f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u704c\u6ce8\u3002\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u704c\u6ce8\u5c06\u4e3a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6784\u5efa\u94fa\u5e73\u9053\u8def<\/strong>\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u6df7\u5408\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u5e26\u6765\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6574\u4e2a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5de5\u7a0b\u9886\u57df\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

  <\/span><\/p>\n

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\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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