{"id":37677,"date":"2022-10-06T20:31:05","date_gmt":"2022-10-06T12:31:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=37677"},"modified":"2022-10-06T20:31:05","modified_gmt":"2022-10-06T12:31:05","slug":"%e7%b3%bb%e7%bb%9f%e6%80%a7%e9%a3%8e%e9%99%a9%ef%bc%9a%e5%af%b9%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%e5%a4%9a%e6%a0%b7%e6%80%a7%e5%92%8c%e4%b8%80%e8%87%b4%e6%80%a7%e7%9a%84%e5%a8%81%e8%83%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=37677","title":{"rendered":"\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff1a\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u80c1"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Ortwin Renn\uff0cKlaus Lucas<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u89e3\u6653\u806a<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5218\u57f9\u6e90<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| <\/strong><\/span>\u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u8bba\u6587\u9898\u76ee\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

Systemic Risk: The Threat to Societal Diversity and Coherence<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/risa.13654<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


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\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89c6\u4e3a\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u6210\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u7531\u5f53\u4ee3\u5168\u7403\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u5e76\u7279\u522b\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u548c\u5de5\u5177\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u7ae0\uff1aKlaus Lucas Theory of Systemic Risks<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u5168\u7403\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5373<\/span>\uff08Renn, 2019\uff09<\/span>:<\/span><\/section>\n
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    \u8fd9\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5c24\u4e3a\u660e\u663e\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5f3a\u70c8\u7684\u53cd\u51fb\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f20\u6c11\u65cf\u5316\u3001\u590d\u5174\u6c11\u65cf\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e3b\u4e49\u8d38\u6613\u653f\u7b56<\/span>\uff08Stanziani, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u515a\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u7b49\u6c11\u4e3b\u652f\u67f1\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u5ea6\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d<\/span>\uff08Foster & Frieden, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u75b2\u52b3\u3001\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u6d41\u884c\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u663e\u800c\u6613\u89c1\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u3002\u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u201cA\u201d\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u3001\u7b97\u6cd5\u5316\u548c\u81ea\u4e3b\u5316<\/span>\uff08automation, algorithmization, autonomization\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u5df2\u7ecf\u5851\u9020\u4e86\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f46\u4eca\u5929\u624d\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u5316\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6307 \u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u5728\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u903b\u8f91\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u4e3b\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f00\u5c55\u884c\u52a8\u3002\u4e0b\u56fe\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56fe1\uff1aIT\u5bf9\u4ea7\u4e1a\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u6f14\u8fdb\uff1a\u4ece\u4ea7\u4e1a1.0\u5230\u4ea7\u4e1a4.0<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5728\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u51b2\u7a81\u3001\u4e2d\u65ad\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u6784\u6210\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u8212\u9002\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u6548\u7387\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u5219\u56e0\u4e2a\u4eba\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u9650\u5236\u800c\u906d\u53d7\u75db\u82e6<\/span>\uff08Floridi, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u4e2d\u7279\u522b\u662f\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9650\u5236\u4e2a\u4eba\u7528\u6237\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5230\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u5236\u7ea6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7f51\u7edc\u6210\u763e\u3001\u5a01\u80c1\u4e2a\u4eba\u9690\u79c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u95ee\u8d23\u5236\u7684\u7f3a\u5931<\/span>\uff08Zuboff, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7f51\u7edc\u98ce\u9669\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6467\u6bc1\u6574\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6743\u529b\u6ee5\u7528\u548c\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7b97\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u662f\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Kamolov, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u8fdb\u7a0b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u52a0\u5f3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u673a\u4f1a<\/span>\uff08\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u3001\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u83b7\u5f97\u653f\u6cbb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u7535\u5b50\u6c11\u4e3b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4e25\u91cd\u524a\u5f31\u6c11\u4e3b\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<\/span>\uff08\u673a\u5668\u4eba\u3001\u6f5c\u5728\u64cd\u7eb5\u3001\u56de\u97f3\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4ea7\u751f\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u521b\u9020\u548c\u52a0\u5f3a\u533a\u57df\u3001\u90e8\u95e8\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6001\u4f4d\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u548c\u51b2\u7a81\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5168\u7403\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u201c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5c06\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u539f\u5219\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u5f15\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u884c\u4e3a\u9886\u57df\u3002\u4e0e\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u4e2d\u65ad\u3001\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u5173\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08WBGU, 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u901a\u8fc7\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\uff08SDGs\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u548c\u5168\u7403\u653f\u6cbb\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u76ee\u6807<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u8bb8\u591a\u77db\u76fe<\/span>\uff08Turker, 2018)<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56fe2\uff1a\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u76ee\u6807\u6982\u8ff0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u867d\u7136\u5168\u7403\u6240\u6709\u884c\u52a8\u8005\u90fd\u8d5e\u540c\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u5316\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u51cf\u5c11\u8d2b\u56f0\u6216\u6c14\u5019\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u4ed6\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u5219\u6781\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\u6027\u3002\u751f\u6001\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\u533a\u522b\u63a9\u76d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u65b0\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u53ca\u5176\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u4e1c\u897f<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u8d2b\u56f0\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u751f\u6001\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u7684\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u652f\u6301\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u667a\u80fd\u7535\u7f51\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u8d38\u6613\u4fc3\u8fdb\u8d27\u7269\u7684\u6253\u5305\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u4e0e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff1a\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u5168\u7403\u6027\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6807\u51c6<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u8d38\u6613\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u56fd\u9645\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u6807\u51c6\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u751f\u6001\u8fc7\u5ea6\u5f00\u53d1\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5b9e\u65bd\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u672c\u8eab\u4e0e\u8bb8\u591a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u6709\u5173\uff1a\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u5371\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u7949\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5b9e\u73b0\u80fd\u6e90\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8131\u78b3\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u4e0a\u8ff0\u8f6c\u578b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u5fc5\u7136\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u7a0b\u6765\u9002\u5e94\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u521b\u9020\u7684\u548c\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u672c\u6587\u5f15\u8a00\u7ae0\u8282\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3001\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u3001\u9ad8\u5ea6\u968f\u673a\u7684\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5230\u8fbe\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u5a01\u80c1\u590d\u6742\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u627f\u62c5\u7740\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u56e0\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u4f20\u64ad\u673a\u5236\u800c\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u98ce\u9669<\/span>\uff08Lucas, Renn, Jaeger & Yang, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c40\u90e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0a\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u8206\u8bba\u4f1a\u7a81\u7136\u610f\u5916\u5730\u671d\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u503e\u659c\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6025\u5267\u6539\u5411\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e94\u5e74\u524d\u8fd8\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u653f\u515a\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u6d32\u56fd\u5bb6<\/span>\uff08\u5e0c\u814a\u3001\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff09<\/span>\u6210\u719f\u653f\u515a\u7684\u6d88\u4ea1\uff0c\u90fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a81\u7136\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u98a0\u8986\u3002\u56fe3\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6b27\u6d32\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u6982\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56fe3\uff1a\u6295\u7968\u652f\u6301\u7ed9\u6b27\u76df\u6210\u5458\u56fd\u7684\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u515a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    2.2 \u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u770b\u6cd5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u578b\u6240\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u662f\u56f0\u60d1\u3001\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u548c\u5fe7\u8651<\/span>\uff08Sarraf, Woodley of Menie, Michael & Feltham, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5bf9\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u5bf9\u5feb\u901f\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u7126\u8651\u548c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u60c5\u7eea<\/span>\uff08Bl\u00fchdorn, 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u591a\u79cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u673a\u5236\u7279\u522b\u7a81\u51fa\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u4f53\u73b0\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u540c\u8d28\u7684\u3001\u4fdd\u503c\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3001\u6709\u6d3b\u529b\u7684\u3001\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u4e24\u7aef<\/span>\uff08Fraser, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u613f\u666f\u4e0e\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5316\u53d7\u5230\u5f3a\u70c8\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b64\u7acb\u4e3b\u4e49\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u5bf9\u4eba\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5f00\u653e\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u8fd8\u4f1a\u88ab\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u88ab\u5bb9\u5fcd\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5b83\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u56fd\u5bb6\u7ade\u4e89\u529b\u548c\u7b80\u5316\u6c9f\u901a\u3002\u5bf9\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u4e49\u52a1<\/span>\uff08\u800c\u975e\u5bf9\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5a01\u80c1\uff09<\/span>\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5229\u76ca\u800c\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u4e09\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u521d\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u3001\u9694\u79bb\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u3001\u56de\u5f52\u4f20\u7edf\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u5173\u6ce8\u81ea\u8eab\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6548\u7387\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u798f\u5229\u548c\u7e41\u8363\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6765\u81ea\u53f3\u7ffc\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u73af\u5883\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u95f4\u5c42\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5021\u5bfc\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u6df7\u4e71\u3001\u4e0d\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u5bf9\u5916\u56fd\u6e17\u900f\u7684\u6050\u60e7\u548c\u798f\u5229\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u6709\u5173<\/span>\uff08Schoen & Garvas, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u516c\u4f17\u793a\u5a01\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6050\u60e7<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \u56fe4\uff1a\u793a\u5a01\u53cd\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u613f\u666f\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u662f\u591a\u5143\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u5168\u7403\u5316\u88ab\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u673a\u9047\u3002\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5728\u5168\u7403\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5b89\u6392\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u89c4\u5219\u786e\u4fdd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u5c55\u7b26\u5408\u6709\u9650\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u548c\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u4ee3\u4eba\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u6846\u67b6\u5185<\/span>\uff08Schlenker & Blatter, 2016\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u613f\u666f\u5c06\u6280\u672f\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u521b\u65b0\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u793e\u4f1a\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u6587\u5316\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\u662f\u79cd\u65cf\u9057\u4ea7\u548c\u6587\u5316\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u6027\u53d6\u5411\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u5bf9\u6c38\u4e45\u53d8\u9769\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u6001\u5ea6\u3001\u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u5bf9\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u6027\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u3002\u591a\u5143\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7406\u5ff5\u5047\u8bbe\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u80fd\u591f\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u7403\u5bf9\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u4ee5\u53ca\u65b0\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u76ee\u524d\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8bdd\u8bed\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08McCoy, Rahman, & Somer, 2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u7aef\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7acb\u573a\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u90fd\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u524d\u5f62\u52bf\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u7684\u9635\u8425\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u533a\u5206\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u7684\u9635\u8425\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316<\/span>\uff08Graham & Svolik, 2020; Smith & Mayer, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5728\u60c5\u611f\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u62d2\u7edd\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u8ffd\u968f\u8005\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684<\/span>\uff08Iyengar, Sood & Lelkes\uff0c2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u51b2\u7a81\u5076\u5c14\u4f1a\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u8857\u5934\u66b4\u529b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u6700\u521d\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u771f\u5bf9\u5f85\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u9002\u5408\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u673a\u4f1a\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6587\u660e\u9ad8\u5ea6\u53d1\u8fbe\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u591a\u5143\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7406\u89e3<\/span>\uff08Mitchell, 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u591a\u6837\u5316\u610f\u89c1\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e00\u9879\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u90a3\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u4e0d\u8a00\u81ea\u660e\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u6bd4\u6570\u91cf\u6709\u9650\u7684\u4e13\u5bb6\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u529f\u66f4\u5177\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e0e\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u3002\u5904\u7406\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3001\u6587\u5316\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u53d6\u4ee3\u7684<\/span>\uff08Helbing, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u6837\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u66f4\u7075\u6d3b\u3001\u66f4\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u6b63\u53d7\u5230\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u6f14\u53d8\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5168\u7403\u6709\u6548\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u591a\u6837\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8fc7\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e0e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u673a\u9047\u548c\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5236\u5b9a\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u63aa\u65bd\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u8003\u8651\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
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    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    3. \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u53ca\u5176\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u8fdb\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    3.1 \u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5f00\u653e\u6027\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u7684\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6d89\u53ca\u7269\u8d28\u3001\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u4f20\u8f93\u5e76\u4f7f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5916\u90e8\u5f15\u5165\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u62b5\u6d88\u5185\u90e8\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u548c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u96be\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5176\u672a\u6765\u98ce\u9669\u96be\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u901a\u8fc7\u7ade\u4e89\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ece\u7e41\u6742\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u6d8c\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7531\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u56fe\u6848\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u6591\u56fe\uff0cpattern\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u52a0\u5f3a\u76f8\u5e94\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u7a33\u5b9a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u9886\u57df\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u662f\u8df3\u8dc3\u6027\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u662f\u5177\u6709\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\u548c\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8d77\u521d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u4e0b\u9010\u6e10\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8d85\u8fc7\u9608\u503c\u65f6\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7a81\u7136\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u53d8\u2014\u2014\u7cfb\u7edf\u7531\u6b64\u8fdb\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u53d1\u5c55\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5904\u4e8e\u957f\u671f\u8def\u5f84\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5148\u524d\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u7531\u9884\u8b66\u6307\u6807\u6765\u9884\u793a\u7684\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u5f53\u7ec4\u4ef6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6bd4\u6469\u64e6\u6548\u5e94\u66f4\u5f3a\u65f6\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u90e8\u4ef6\u7684\u635f\u574f\u6bd4\u4fee\u590d\u66f4\u5feb\u65f6\uff0c\u590d\u6742\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u56e0\u7d20\u548c\u963b\u788d\u56e0\u7d20\u7f6e\u4e8e\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u8db3\u4ee5\u5c06\u7cfb\u7edf\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u65b0\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5c0f\u6ce2\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u671f\u671b\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3001\u5371\u9669\u7684\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u654f\u611f\u6027\u5bf9\u5e94\u7740\u6df7\u6c8c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8774\u8776\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5f97\u660e\u663e\uff1a\u7f13\u6162\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u548c\u7a81\u7136\u5730\u5bfc\u81f4\u6574\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u503e\u8986\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\u786e\u5b9e\u5177\u6709\u6d8c\u73b0\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5b64\u7acb\u884c\u4e3a\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e2a\u4eba\u5f80\u5f80\u6301\u6709\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7206\u53d1\u4e3a\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u6b47\u65af\u5e95\u91cc\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    3.2 \u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u5a01\u80c1<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5e76\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e73\u8861\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8fc7\u6e21\u9636\u6bb5\u5f80\u5f80\u4ee5\u6df7\u6c8c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u6270\u52a8\u4e3a\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08Cairney, 2012\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u9075\u5faa\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u591a\u5143\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u4e27\u5931\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\uff1a\u8fd9\u91cc\u8981\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5fb7\u610f\u5fd7\u8054\u90a6\u5171\u548c\u56fd\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u6216\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u5176\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u901a\u8fc7\u8de8\u8d8a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8fb9\u754c\u8fdb\u5165\u548c\u79bb\u5f00\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4f20\u5165\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u793e\u4f1a\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u96be\u6c11\u5371\u673a\u7b49\u590d\u6742\u6311\u6218\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u548c\u6982\u5ff5\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u548c\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4f18\u4e8e\u540c\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f18\u52bf\u3002\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4e3a\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e76\u6269\u5927\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u53d8\u9769\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u5168\u7403\u5316\u3001\u6570\u5b57\u5316\u548c\u53ef\u6301\u7eed\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5927\u53d8\u9769\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u5b64\u7acb\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u7a33\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5728\u52a8\u6001\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e76\u4e14\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u7279\u5f81\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/em>\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u79fb\u6c11\u72af\u7f6a\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5f62\u6210\u610f\u89c1\u65f6\u7a81\u7136\u4f7f\u516c\u4f17\u4ea7\u751f\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u5e76\u5a01\u80c1\u5230\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a<\/em>\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u6bc1\u706d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u663e\u8457\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u56e0\u5176\u6613\u53d7\u64cd\u7eb5\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u7ea6\u800c\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u591a\u5143\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u89c2\u5ff5\u603b\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u8c01\u8d62\u5f97\u8fd9\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7531\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u56e2\u7ed3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u4e2d\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56de\u58f0\u5ba4\u6548\u5e94\u4e0e\u6574\u5408\u52aa\u529b\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u5408\u52aa\u529b\u662f\u5145\u5206\u5e94\u5bf9\u8f6c\u578b\u6311\u6218\u6240\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\u3002\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u8054\u548c\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u79fb\u52a8\u4fe1\u606f\u7cfb\u7edf<\/span>\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u53ef\u7528\u6027\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f20\u64ad\u65b0\u95fb\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u548c\u60c5\u611f\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u786e\u8ba4\u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u89c4\u8303\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u81ea\u53d1\u7684\u3001\u6fc0\u8fdb\u7684\u548c\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u9762\u5bf9\u56e0\u5fb7\u56fd\u96be\u6c11\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u53d8\u5f97\u5206\u88c2\u548c\u4e24\u6781\u5316\u7684\u5c40\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5927\u4f17\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u5bf9\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e24\u6781\u5206\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u5f02\u5316\u548c\u5185\u4e71\u7684\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u6548\u5e94\u8d1f\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u8d23\u4efb<\/span>\uff08Schr\u00f6ter, Jovanovic, & Renn, 2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u6cbb\u7406\u6218\u7565\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u4e3b\u673a\u6784\u76d1\u7ba1\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u6b6a\u66f2\u53d8\u5f97\u53ef\u89c1\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4e00\u6218\u7565\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u5f80\u5f80\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6781\u5177\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5728\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u662f\u4e2d\u80af\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u4e1a\u7ee9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u653f\u6cbb\u884c\u52a8\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u5b57\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u6743\u548c\u4ee3\u7406\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5e76\u53cd\u9a73\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5386\u53f2\u6027\uff1a<\/em>\u793e\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb0\u5fc6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u90fd\u53ea\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8003\u8651\u793e\u4f1a\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u6765\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u53f2\u524d\u53f2\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\u7684\u5fb7\u56fd\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u67d0\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u6709\u67d0\u79cd\u4eb2\u8fd1\u611f\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u5219\u4e25\u683c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4e13\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4e86\u5371\u53ca\u56fd\u5185\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u9884\u8b66\u6307\u6807<\/em>\uff1a\u9884\u8b66\u6307\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u793a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5411\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\u3002\u9884\u8b66\u6307\u6807\u5177\u6709\u65e0\u91cf\u7eb2\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u4fc3\u8fdb\u548c\u963b\u788d\u4e24\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u8fd8\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7834\u574f\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u7ea7\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u4f1a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u98ce\u9669\u5236\u5b9a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u9884\u8b66\u6307\u6807\u5e76\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u6301\u7eed\u8861\u91cf\uff0c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u6cbb\u7406\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u7279\u6b8a\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u9884\u8b66\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u91cd\u5927\u5f71\u54cd<\/span>\uff08Diez, Tomico & Quintero, 2020\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u6a21\u62df\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u8bc6\u522b\u548c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6307\u6807\u5e76\u786e\u5b9a\u5173\u952e\u9608\u503c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u654f\u611f\u6027\uff1a<\/em>\u5728\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u548c<\/span>\uff08\u6b63\u5e38\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09<\/span>\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u80fd\u591f\u7834\u574f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u7f13\u6162\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6240\u6b3a\u9a97\u3002\u8de8\u8d8a\u9608\u503c<\/span>\uff08\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u6216\u4e34\u754c\u533a\u57df\uff09<\/span>\u65f6\u7684\u8df3\u8dc3\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u610f\u5916\u5730\u7a81\u7136\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\u8f6c\u3002\u8fd9\u6070\u6070\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u7a81\u51fa\u7279\u5f81\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6d8c\u73b0<\/em>\uff1a\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6d8c\u73b0\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u73b0\u6709\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u5b83\u7684\u672a\u6765\u53d1\u5c55\u505a\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc4\u4ef7\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\uff0c\u8be5\u4e34\u754c\u70b9\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u540c\u8d28\u72b6\u6001\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4e34\u754c\u70b9<\/span>\uff08\u6216\u901a\u9053\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u786e\u5207\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u6216\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u7684<\/span>\uff08Lucas et. al\uff0c2018\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u548c\u591a\u5143\u5316\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u9ad8\u3001\u667a\u529b\u6c34\u5e73\u9ad8\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u548c\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u968f\u673a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4e0d\u5e0c\u671b\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u65b0\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u88ab\u5272\u88c2\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
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    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    4. \u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8d21\u732e<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    4.1 \u4e2d\u592e\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u7cfb\u7edf\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e2d\u592e\u6240\u6307\u5bfc\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6d89\u53ca\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u521b\u9020\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u64cd\u63a7\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u7136\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u9ad8\u9636\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d<\/span>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u4ece\u7cfb\u7edf\u5916\u90e8\u64cd\u7eb5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5219\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4e24\u79cd\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4e3b\u4f53\u90fd\u662f\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u53d7\u5230\u4e2d\u592e\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u673a\u6784\u7684\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ee5\u53ca\u8b66\u5bdf\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u673a\u6784\u548c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u89c6\u89d2\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2d\u592e\u884c\u52a8\u5bfc\u5411\u5904\u4e8e\u524d\u53f0\uff0c\u800c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u673a\u5236\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u5373\u8df3\u8dc3\u5230\u65e0\u6cd5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u8f6c\u5411\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u88ab\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u8f6c\u5411\u6240\u963b\u6b62\u3002\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u6548\u7269\u3002\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u7ebf\u6027\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5bfc\u81f4\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4e2d\u592e\u8f6c\u5411\u6240\u671f\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u591a\u5143\u5316\u89c6\u91ce\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u4e3b\u5bfc\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6548\u5e94\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u673a\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u5171\u632f\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u8fd9\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u6cd5\u5355\u72ec\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u6d8c\u73b0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u653f\u515a\u3001\u516c\u6c11\u5021\u8bae\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8206\u8bba\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4e5f\u662f\u7a81\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u51fa\u73b0\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5177\u6709\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ea\u8981\u4e0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u5f71\u54cd\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u9608\u503c\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u76f8\u5bf9\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    4.2 \u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u5411\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u503e\u659c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u98ce\u9669\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6c11\u4e3b\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u7834\u574f\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5c24\u5176\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u7126\u70b9\u3002\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6784\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6784\u6210\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u751f\u9636\u6bb5\u6027\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5411\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u6216\u540e\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c1\u89e3\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\u63a7\u5236\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8\u89c4\u5219\u6765\u5f71\u54cd\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u8fdb\u7a0b\u7684\u5408\u7406\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ed4\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e0e\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e92\u52a8\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u662f\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7531\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u516c\u6c11\uff09<\/span>\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u5173\u7cfb\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span>\uff08B\u00fcschges, Abraham, & Funk, 1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u6c38\u4e45\u7684\u5e76\u4e14\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u53ef\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u79e9\u5e8f\u663e\u7136\u662f\u5e73\u8861\u7684<\/span>\uff08Forst, 2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u4e25\u91cd\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d85\u51fa\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u9608\u503c\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5219\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u79e9\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u97e7\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cfb\u7edf\u5904\u7406\u504f\u5dee\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027<\/span>\uff08Fath, Dean, & Katzmair, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e94\u5bf9\u6765\u81ea\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u7834\u574f\u5c31\u8d8a\u7a33\u5065\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u5c11\u6570\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u9c7c\u7fa4\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0<\/span>\uff08\u89c1\u56fe5\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56fe5\uff1a\u9c7c\u7fa4\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u53d1\u79e9\u5e8f<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u8fd9\u79cd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u957f\u671f\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u7f13\u51b2\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bb9\u91cf\u88ab\u8fc7\u5ea6\u62c9\u4f38\u6216\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5404\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u7ecf\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u5728\u6df7\u6c8c\u8fc7\u6e21\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u65b0\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u65b0\u7684\u5e73\u8861<\/span>\uff08Linkov \u7b49\uff0c2014\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u65b0\u5929\u5e73\u662f\u5426\u6bd4\u65e7\u5929\u5e73\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u5f3a\u6216\u66f4\u4f73\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u6761\u4ef6<\/span>\uff08\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u538b\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u5185\uff0c\u65b0\u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u6bd4\u5176\u524d\u8eab\u66f4\u80fd\u9002\u5e94\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u65ad\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u9650\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u968f\u673a\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u65ad\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5f53\u8d85\u8fc7\u7f13\u51b2\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u6fc0\u53d1\u65b0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u7cfb\u7edf\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u79e9\u5e8f\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6709\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u516c\u6c11\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u52a8<\/span>\uff08Benz, Kuhlmann, & Sadowski, 2007; Snow, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/em>\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7b49\u7ea7\u6027\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u6216\u5408\u4f5c\u6027\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u8868I\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8981\u7d20A\u53ef\u4ee5\u64cd\u7eb5\u8981\u7d20B<\/span>\uff08\u7b49\u7ea7\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8981\u7d20A\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0e\u8981\u7d20B\u7ade\u4e89<\/span>\uff08\u7ade\u4e89\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8981\u7d20A\u548cB\u8054\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5171\u540c\u89e3\u51b3\u4efb\u52a1<\/span>\uff08\u5408\u4f5c\u5173\u7cfb\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u72ec\u7acb\u4e3b\u4f53\u6ca1\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5f7c\u6b64\u5173\u7cfb\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5206\u6790\u81ea\u7136\u7cfb\u7edf\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u5e94\u5916\u90e8\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\u6539\u53d8\u5b83\u4eec\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u79d8\u5bc6\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5176\u4ed6\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u5916\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u5047\u88c5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7075\u6d3b\u548c\u5145\u5206\u9002\u5e94\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ad8\u5ea6\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u7279\u5f81<\/span>\uff08Boyd, Nykvist, Borgstr\u00f6m, & Stacewicz, 2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u97e7\u6027\u662f\u6307\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4e25\u91cd\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u4fdd\u6301\u5173\u952e\u670d\u52a1<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u80fd\u6e90\u3001\u4f9b\u6c34\u3001\u4fdd\u5065\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u80fd\u529b<\/span>\uff08Reid & Botterill, 2013\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u98ce\u9669\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u89c4\u5219\u88ab\u63a8\u5411\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e94\u5bf9\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u751a\u81f3\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u8868\u4e00\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    <\/section>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

    4.3 \u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u5219<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u539f\u5219<\/span>\uff08\u7b49\u7ea7\u3001\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u4ee5\u6df7\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u4ee5\u7ade\u4e89\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u664b\u5347\u673a\u5236\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u5219\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u6307\u5bfc\u548c\u534f\u8c03\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u52a8\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u6216\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u89c4\u5219\u5206\u7c7b\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u540c\u8d28\u5316\u613f\u666f\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u76f8\u5f53\u4fe1\u670d\u57fa\u4e8e\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u662f\u5fd7\u540c\u9053\u5408\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6e05\u5355\u4e0a\u6392\u5728\u524d\u5217\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u5e72\u9884\u63aa\u65bd\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\u5e26\u6765\u53ef\u9884\u89c1\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u548c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u786e\u4fe1\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4e48\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u201c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u5b97\u65cf\u3001\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09<\/span>\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u5176\u9996\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u5e76\u53d1\u6325\u5176\u6548\u679c<\/span>\uff08\u6d1b\u7ef4 , 1964; Parsons, 1951; Parsons & Shils, 1951; Schweizer & White, 1998\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u8fdb\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e14\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u79cd\u65cf\u4f20\u7edf\u3001\u5171\u540c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3001\u4fe1\u5ff5\u6216\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u4e0e\u73b0\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\u5efa\u7acb\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540c\u8d28\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u53ea\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u7ebf\u6027\u4e92\u52a8\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6307\u5bfc\u8981\u7d20\uff1a\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u89c4\u5219\u4e5f\u76f8\u5e94\u82db\u523b\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u5957\u65e8\u5728\u5408\u4f5c\u5e76\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u5f15\u5165\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u548c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u591a\u5143\u793e\u4f1a\u89c2\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\u5728\u719f\u6089\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u53d1\u5c55\u793e\u4f1a\u5173\u7cfb<\/span>\uff08\u5a5a\u59fb\u3001\u53cb\u8c0a\u7b49\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5e76\u5206\u4eab\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff0c\u5982\u5c0a\u4e25\u548c\u8363\u8a89\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u4ee5\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u975e\u7ebf\u6027\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b0\u7684\u4e3b\u4f53\uff0c\u4e89\u8bba\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u589e\u52a0\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u514b\u670d\u4e13\u4e1a\u5de5\u4eba\u7684\u77ed\u7f3a\u3001\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5316\u6253\u4ea4\u9053\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u6216\u63d0\u9ad8\u76f8\u4e92\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    4.4\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u51dd\u805a\u529b<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u5173\u4e8e\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8003\u8651\u4e2d\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1f\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6559\u8bad\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u6307\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\uff1a\u5408\u4f5c\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u662f\u6709\u76ca\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u3001\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u6216\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u7684\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002\u540c\u8d28\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5728\u63d0\u9ad8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u5176\u5bf9\u66f4\u591a\u521b\u9020\u6027\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8d21\u732e<\/span>\uff08Balconi, Crivelli, & Vanutelli, 2017\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u901a\u8fc7\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u8fd1\u5ea6\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u627f\u8bfa\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u4fc3\u8fdb\u521b\u9020\u529b\u548c\u521b\u65b0\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u8981\u5f00\u653e\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u8870\u9000\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230<\/span>\uff08Bollige\u7b49\uff0c2011\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u7b49\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u4e92\u52a8\u4e2d\u6709\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u52a0\u5f3a\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u56fe6\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u4f26\u6566\u8857\u5934\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u6839\u636e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u662f\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206<\/span>\uff08Mitchell, 2004\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u96c6\u4f53\u667a\u6167\u548c\u5e94\u53d8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u589e\u5f3a\u4e3a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u798f\u5229\u548c\u5b89\u5168\u7ed3\u6784\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/p>\n

    \u56fe6\uff1a\u4f26\u6566\u8857\u5934\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u5370\u8c61<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u673a\u4f1a\u4e0e\u98ce\u9669\u5e76\u5b58\u3002\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u786e\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u521b\u9020\u6027\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5fae\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5b89\u6392\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u53d7\u5230\u7ade\u4e89<\/span>\uff08McAlpine \u7b49\uff0c2015\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52bf\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5e94\u8be5\u4e3a\u65b0\u8fdb\u5165\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u53d1\u6325\u6f5c\u529b\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u5408\u4f5c\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5408\u4f5c\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u65b9\u9762\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u5b83\u4eec\u9002\u5f97\u5176\u53cd\uff0c\u5219\u5e94\u9002\u7528\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u7b49\u7ea7\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c1\u89e3\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9080\u8bf7\uff0c\u5176\u7e41\u8363\u5df2\u7ecf\u7ed3\u675f\u662f\u6709\u5145\u5206\u7406\u7531\u7684<\/span>\uff08Mersch, 2018; p. 195f\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u4ece\u4e0d\u592a\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u597d\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4ece\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2d\u9009\u62e9\u6709\u97e7\u6027\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\u901a\u5e38\u6765\u81ea\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u4e0d\u671f\u671b\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u65e0\u5173<\/span>\uff08Preiser & Cilliers, 2010\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5b83\u4eec\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u5e73\u5747\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u5e76\u4fdd\u6301\u6210\u529f\u9002\u5e94\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u6216\u5a01\u80c1\u51dd\u805a\u529b\u3002\u8fd9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u8f6c\u5411\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n

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    <\/section>\n

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    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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    5. \u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\uff1a\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u7840<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

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    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u4ece\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u9650\u5236\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u521b\u9020\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8d85\u8fc7\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6700\u5927\u53ef\u80fd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u9884\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7531\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u9053\u5fb7\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9996\u5148\u662f\u690d\u6839\u4e8e\u5404\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u548c\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6982\u8ff0\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5e94\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u4e0e\u5bf9\u5f00\u653e\u3001\u591a\u5143\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6587\u5316\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u9700\u6c42\u76f8\u5bf9\u5316<\/span>\uff08Henkin, 1989\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8ba8\u8bba\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u548c\u5916\u90e8\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u660e\u786e\u627f\u8bfa\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u653f\u6cbb\u4e2d\u575a\u6301\u8fd9\u4e00\u627f\u8bfa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

    <\/span><\/section>\n

    \u8fd9\u4e5f\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u5728\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u7b49\u7ea7\u539f\u5219\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u9700\u8981\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c4\u5219\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u7b49\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u5408\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u84ec\u52c3\u53d1\u5c55\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6cbb\u7406\u5236\u5ea6\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5e76\u5728\u5fc5\u8981\u65f6\u5f3a\u5236\u6240\u6709\u884c\u4e3a\u8005\u9075\u5b88\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u8fdd\u53cd\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002\u4e0e\u970d\u5e03\u65af\u7684\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u5229\u7ef4\u5766\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5951\u7ea6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u529b\u88ab\u5408\u6cd5\u5316\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u6240\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5bf9\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u9075\u5b88\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u66f4\u4f18\u9009\u5730\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ef7\u503c\u627f\u8bfa\u548c\u4eb2\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u6709\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u6765\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u7684\u673a\u5236\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u5bf9\u57fa\u672c\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u4f7f\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e92\u52a8\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u53ef\u8ba1\u7b97\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u5e94\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e3a\u4e00\u5957\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u51c6\u5219\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u96f7\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u547c\u5401\u5c31\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u548c\u5171\u5b58\u539f\u5219\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ef4\u6301\u96c6\u4f53\u8ba4\u540c\u548c\u4eba\u7c7b\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4f59\u5730\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4ee5\u6f84\u6e05\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5728\u6240\u6709\u6a21\u68f1\u4e24\u53ef\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5982\u4f55\u9002\u5f53\u89e3\u91ca\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684<\/span>\uff08Donelly & Whelan 2020 \u7b2c3\u7ae0\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u9664\u4e86\u7b49\u7ea7\u5236\u5ea6\u5916\uff0c\u7ade\u4e89\u539f\u5219\u4e0e\u5408\u4f5c\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u539f\u5219\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u5408\u4f5c\u7ade\u4e89<\/span>\uff08Dorn, Schweiger, & Albers, 2016\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u5c5e\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u662f\u6709\u6548\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u7684\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6216\u4eba\u6027\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6570\u5b57\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u4e60\u521b\u9020\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u5e76\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e2a\u4eba\u5bfb\u627e\u548c\u6d4b\u8bd5\u521b\u65b0\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ade\u4e89\u89c4\u5219\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u6709\u6548\u548c\u9ad8\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u9002\u7528\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u6548\u7387\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u97e7\u6027\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848<\/span>\uff08Mirhosseini, Carmody, & Iulo, 2019\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4f46\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4f4e\u6548\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u5c06\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u4fdd\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u5173\u4e8e\u5408\u4f5c\uff1a\u5b83\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u793e\u4f1a\u63a5\u8fd1\u3001\u5171\u540c\u4fe1\u5ff5\u548c\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7ea6\u675f\u529b\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6210\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e3a\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u5e76\u884c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u521b\u9020\u6027\u3001\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u8868\u6f14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u4f73\u4fdd\u8bc1\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb8\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u6982\u5ff5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ece\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e2d\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u5408\u4f5c\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0e\u5728\u79cd\u65cf\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6216\u4fe1\u5ff5\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u63a5\u8fd1\u81ea\u5df1\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\u600e\u4e48\u91cd\u89c6\u90fd\u4e0d\u4e3a\u8fc7\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5408\u4f5c\u539f\u5219\u9700\u8981\u5305\u542b\u5728\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7b49\u7ea7\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\u4e25\u683c\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u3002 <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n
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    \n
    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n
    \n
    <\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
    \n

    6. \u7ed3\u8bba<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    <\/section>\n

    <\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n

    <\/section>\n

    \u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9762\u4e34\u5a01\u80c1\u3002\u6c11\u7cb9\u4e3b\u4e49\u8fd0\u52a8\u56e0\u6613\u53d7\u5047\u65b0\u95fb\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u4f53\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u52a0\u5f3a\uff0c\u5371\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\u4e0e\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6c11\u4e3b\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5a01\u80c1\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u57fa\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5a01\u80c1\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u6cbb\u7406\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u5f00\u653e\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u5faa\u73af\u56e0\u679c\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u786e\u8ba4\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u65e9\u671f\u6307\u6807\u7684\u8003\u8651\u8d77\u7740\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7279\u522b\u662f\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/span>\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u9002\u5f53\u89c4\u5219\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u98ce\u9669\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6cbb\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u591a\u6837\u5316\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u751f\u6210\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u52a8\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6d89\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u52a8\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u89c4\u5219\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u5316\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u548c\u89c4\u8303\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5f3a\u5ea6\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6070\u6070\u662f\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u5951\u5408\uff0c\u5b83\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u4e0d\u540c\u6846\u67b6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u6709\u6548\u6027\u8fc4\u4eca\u88ab\u4f4e\u4f30\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u57fa\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u4ea7\u751f\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e0e\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c4\u5219\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5f15\u5bfc\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u671d\u7740\u6c11\u4e3b\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u671f\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u5728\u89c4\u5219\u7f3a\u5931\u6216\u672a\u6267\u884c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5e73\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u5265\u524a\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u7b49\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u53ef\u5bb9\u5fcd\u53d8\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8d85\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e76\u56e0\u6b64\u5bfc\u81f4\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u4f26\u7406\u4e0a\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u7ed3\u6784\u9700\u8981\u57fa\u4e8e\u5404\u81ea\u5baa\u6cd5\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4ef7\u503c\u7684\u5206\u7ea7\u63a7\u5236\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

     <\/span><\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

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    \n
    \n

    \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

    \n
    \n
    \n
    \n

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    <\/p>\n

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    \n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u4ea4\u53c9\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u5730\u5728\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u3001\u8206\u8bba\u4f20\u64ad\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u6cbb\u7406\u3001\u57ce\u5e02\u53d1\u5c55\u3001\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\u793e\u4f1a\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u793e\u79d1\u8bae\u9898\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5927\u5927\u4e30\u5bcc\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u8303\u5f0f\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7cfb\u7edf\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u4eff\u771f\u3001\u5927\u6570\u636e\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u7edf\u8ba1\u7269\u7406\u7b49\u9886\u57df\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bc6\u5207\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u68b3\u7406\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u7c7b\u6a21\u578b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u7814\u7a76\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u53d1\u8d77\u4e86\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7cfb\u5217\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u3002<\/span>
    <\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \u65b0\u4e00\u5b63\u3010\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a<\/a>\u3011\u7531\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7f57\u5bb6\u5fb7\u6559\u6388\u9886\u8854\uff0c\u5361\u5185\u57fa\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u591a\u4f4d\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u8054\u5408\u53d1\u8d77\uff0c\u81ea2022\u5e746\u670818\u65e5\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u6301\u7eed10-12\u5468\u3002\u672c\u5b63\u8bfb\u4e66\u5c06\u805a\u7126\u8ba8\u8bbaGraph\u3001Embedding\u3001NLP\u3001Modeling\u3001Data collection\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u6027\u8ba8\u8bba\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u4e0e\u89e3\u91ca\u6027\u3001\u65b0\u51a0\u75ab\u60c5\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u8be6\u60c5\u53ca\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b9\u5f0f\u89c1\u6587\u672b\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4ece\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u5bf9\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u53c2\u4e0e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


    <\/p>\n

    <\/span><\/a><\/section>\n
    \n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \u8be6\u60c5\u8bf7\u89c1\uff1a<\/span>
    <\/p>\n

    \u6570\u636e\u4e0e\u8ba1\u7b97\u524d\u6cbf\u65b9\u6cd5\u6574\u5408\uff1a\u8ba1\u7b97\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b63\u542f\u52a8<\/strong><\/a>
    <\/p>\n


    <\/p>\n

    \n


    <\/p>\n<\/section>\n

    \n

    \u63a8\u8350\u9605\u8bfb<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n