{"id":38163,"date":"2022-10-26T18:15:56","date_gmt":"2022-10-26T10:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=38163"},"modified":"2022-10-26T18:15:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-26T10:15:56","slug":"%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e6%9c%aa%e6%9d%a5%ef%bc%9a%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%90%86%e8%ae%ba%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b8%ae%e5%8a%a9%e7%90%86%e8%a7%a3%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=38163","title":{"rendered":"\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u5e2e\u52a9\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u82f1\u56fd\u7687\u5bb6\u5b66\u4f1a\u4f1a\u520a\uff08Journal of the Royal Society Interface<\/em>\uff09\u57282018\u5e7411\u6708\u53d1\u8868\u7efc\u8ff0\u6587\u7ae0\u300a\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u6765\u300b\uff0c\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u660e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\uff0c\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u751f\u7269\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u3001\u5927\u8111\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u548c\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7b49\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5f53\u524d\u53d1\u5c55\u72b6\u51b5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u51fa\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u9014\u5f84\u3002\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u505a\u4e86\u5168\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


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\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u8303\u5f0f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5728\u5c06\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5fae\u5999\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u6574\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53d1\u6325\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u201c\u529f\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e7f\u4e49\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u89c6\u89c9\u548c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u548c\u8d85\u5feb\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff1f\u7531\u76f8\u8ddd\u7ea60.3nm\u7684\u5806\u53e0\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u7684DNA\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5904\u7406\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u5149\u5b50\uff1f\u9176\u5982\u4f55\u50ac\u5316\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff1f\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5927\u8111\u5982\u4f55\u4ee5\u4e9a\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u5904\u7406\u5982\u6b64\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\uff1fDNA\u590d\u5236\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u8003\u8651\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u8fd1\u4f3c\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u5f02\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u7565\u4e0d\u8ba1\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u90fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d7\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u652f\u914d\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u7586\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u201c\u770b\u4f3c\u201d\u7ecf\u5178\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u529f\u80fd\uff1f\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6070\u6070\u662f\u63ed\u9732\u548c\u89e3\u5f00\u8fd9\u79cd\u8054\u7cfb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u6709\u751f\u547d\u6216\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7684\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\uff0c\u7531\u79bb\u5b50\u3001\u539f\u5b50\u548c\/\u6216\u5206\u5b50\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u5e73\u8861\u7279\u6027\u7531\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7cbe\u786e\u786e\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u63cf\u8ff0\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f80\u5f80\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u6839\u636e\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u201c\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u201d\u4ee5\u53ca\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5f53\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u66f4\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u751f\u7269\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u672c\u6587\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5145\u5206\u8868\u5f81\u76f8\u5173\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f88\u96be\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u9700\u8981\u8be5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u751f\u5b58\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5206\u5b50\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65f6\u95f4\u548c\u957f\u5ea6\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7269\u7406\u56fe\u666f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5e0c\u671b\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5bf9\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u5927\u8111\u548c\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u79d1\u5b66\u672c\u8eab\u4e00\u6837\u53e4\u8001\uff0c\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6846\u67b6\u505a\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ee5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u65b0\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5bf9\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u6709\u6548\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6539\u8fdb\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u5230\u7ecf\u5178\u8f6c\u53d8\u7684\u7269\u7406\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6709\u671b\u4e3a\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u51fa\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u5608\u6742\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u57fa\u672c\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u4e9b\u201c\u5608\u6742\u73af\u5883\u201d\u6765\u4fdd\u62a4\u751a\u81f3\u589e\u5f3a\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u6027[19,20]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6d4b\u8bd5\u548c\u91cf\u5316\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u591a\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e9b\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u88ab\u6709\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u6280\u672f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u542f\u53d1\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u800c\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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3. \u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff1a\u7ed9\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5bfc\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u63cf\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c2\u6d4b\u73b0\u8c61\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6210\u529f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u5f00\u59cb\u53d7\u5230\u6311\u6218\u30021900\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u4f53\u8f90\u5c04\u7684\u5149\u8c31\u80fd\u91cf\u5206\u5e03\uff0c\u666e\u6717\u514b\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u7269\u8d28\u4e0e\u9891\u7387\u4e3a \u03bd \u7684\u7535\u78c1\u8f90\u5c04\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u4ec5\u4ee5 h\u03bd \u7684\u6574\u6570\u500d\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dh\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6570\u3002\u4e94\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u4e86\u80fd\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5305\u62ec\u5149\u5b50\u2014\u2014\u5149\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94<\/strong>\u6765\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5165\u5c04\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4e0a\u7684\u5149\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u53d1\u5c04\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5408\u9002\u9891\u7387\u7684\u4f4e\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5149\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u53d1\u5c04\uff0c\u800c\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6b64\u9608\u503c\u9891\u7387\u7684\u9ad8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u5149\u5374\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5149\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u7c92\u5b50\u800c\u975e\u6ce2\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u79bb\u6563\u80fd\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u73bb\u5c14\u57281913\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6c22\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u53ca\u5176\u79bb\u6563\u80fd\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5eb7\u666e\u987f1923\u5e74\u5bf9X\u5c04\u7ebf\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u90fd\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u65b0\u65f6\u4ee3\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8d21\u732e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u9ed1\u4f53\u8f90\u5c04\u548c\u5149\u7535\u6548\u5e94\u4ee5\u53ca\u539f\u5b50\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u548c\u5149\u8c31\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u5728\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u63cf\u8ff0\u5fae\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u65b9\u9762\u975e\u5e38\u6210\u529f[21,22]\u3002<\/span>
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\u666e\u6717\u514b\u548c\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5047\u8bbe\u8f90\u5c04\u4e5f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u542f\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f57\u610f\u57281923\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8865\u5145\u7406\u8bba\u2014\u2014\u7269\u8d28\u672c\u8eab\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\u7279\u6027<\/strong>\uff0c\u6ce2\u957f\u901a\u8fc7\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6570\u4e0e\u5176\u52a8\u91cf\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bf4\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u7269\u8d28\u6ce2\u5e94\u8be5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u884d\u5c04\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u7535\u5b50\u7b49\u7c92\u5b50\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u5e72\u6d89\u56fe\u6848\u3002\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8be5\u516c\u5f0f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u6ce2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u5fae\u89c2\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u516c\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u7814\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u5b83\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u65f6\u95f4t\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0e\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7406\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5982\u4f55\u63cf\u8ff0\u72b6\u6001\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u6f14\u53d8[21,22]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6570\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u7528\u5b8c\u5168\u523b\u753b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001 |\u03c8> \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5305\u542b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u6240\u6709\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4 H\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b64\u7acb\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u7531\u72b6\u6001\u5411\u91cf |\u03c8> \u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u5316\u670d\u4ece\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u65b9\u7a0b<\/strong>\uff0c\u5373<\/span><\/section>\n

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            \uff083.1\uff09       <\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5176\u4e2d \u0127 \u662f\u7ea6\u5316\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6570\uff0cH(t) \u662f\u54c8\u5bc6\u987f\u91cf\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u80fd\u7ea7\u548c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5404\u90e8\u5206\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u7740\u8ff7\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u662f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u63cf\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6001 |\u03c81<\/sub>>\u548c |\u03c82<\/sub>>\uff0c\u5176\u7ebf\u6027\u53e0\u52a0 \u03b11<\/sub> |\u03c81<\/sub>> + \u03b12<\/sub> |\u03c82<\/sub>> \u4e5f\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u8be5\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u6784\u6210\u5e0c\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\u6216\u53e0\u52a0\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u5730\u5199\u4e3a<\/span><\/section>\n

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       \uff083.2\uff09<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u53e0\u52a0\u6001<\/span><\/strong>\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b63\u4ea4\u5f52\u4e00\u6001 |\u03c8i<\/sub>> \u7531\u590d\u6570 \u03b1i<\/sub> \u52a0\u6743\uff0cpi<\/sub> = |\u03b1i<\/sub>2<\/sup>> \u662f\u5728\u8be5\u72b6\u6001\u627e\u5230\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u7ecf\u5178\u4e16\u754c\u5206\u9053\u626c\u9573\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u53e0\u52a0\u6001\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u76f4\u89c9\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027<\/strong>\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6784\u6210\u53e0\u52a0\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u660e\u786e\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20<\/strong>\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u4e00\u79cd\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u6001\u7684\u79bb\u57df\u5316\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89e3\u91ca\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5e95\u5c42\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u6548\u7387\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981[23]\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u6982\u7387\u8be0\u91ca\u4e5f\u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u96a7\u7a7f<\/strong>\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u91cf\u5b50\u7c92\u5b50\u7a7f\u8fc7\u52bf\u5792\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u662f\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u7684[21,22]\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4f9b\u4f53\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u6709\u6548\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5982\u5728\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u547c\u5438\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5fc5\u987b\u7a7f\u8fc7\u9ad8\u80fd\u86cb\u767d\u5c4f\u969c[24]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u7bc7\u7efc\u8ff0\u4e2d\uff0c\u53e0\u52a0\u3001\u76f8\u5e72\u3001\u7ea0\u7f20\u548c\u96a7\u7a7f\u6548\u5e94\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u3001\u78c1\u611f\u77e5\u3001\u55c5\u89c9\u3001\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u3001\u547c\u5438\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u4f20\u9012\u7b49\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206[25-27]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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   <\/span><\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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4. \u8f93\u8fd0\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u8bb2\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u6d89\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u3001\u8d28\u5b50\u548c\u79bb\u5b50\u3002\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6700\u6210\u719f\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u662f\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u8d56\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u8d28\u5b50\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u591a\u4e2a\u7535\u8377\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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4.1.\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u8d85\u8fc730\u4ebf\u5e74\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7c7b\u591a\u4ea7\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f9d\u9760\u5149\u80fd\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u79cd\u79f0\u4e3a\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5c06\u5149\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u751f\u5b58\u6709\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u5728\u5178\u578b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u751f\u7269\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u5149\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u603b\u4f53\u6548\u7387\u76f8\u5f53\u4f4e<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u591a\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u767e\u5206\u70b9[28,29]\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e2\u65e0\u6cd5\u5438\u6536\u6240\u6709\u5165\u5c04\u7684\u9633\u5149\uff0c\u4e5f\u65e0\u6cd5\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u5438\u6536\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u521d\u7ea7\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u9636\u6bb5\u4ee5\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u7387\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u6700\u4f73\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b<\/span>\uff08\u4f4e\u5149\u5f3a\u5ea6\u548c\u65e0\u538b\u529b\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u88ab\u5149\u6355\u83b7<\/span>\uff08\u5929\u7ebf\uff09<\/span>\u590d\u5408\u7269\u5438\u6536\u548c\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u5149\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5185\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u51c6\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u7ec4\u88c5\u805a\u96c6\u4f53[30]\uff0c\u6216\u4e0e\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u652f\u67b6\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u8272\u7d20\u7ed3\u6784 [31,32]\u3002\u6784\u6210\u6574\u4e2a\u5929\u7ebf\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76f8\u8fde\uff0c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u662f\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u88c5\u7f6e\u4e2d\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u8de8\u819c\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u5355\u5143[33]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u8fc7\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u5408\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u548c\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u6a21\u62df\u751f\u7406\u73af\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5149\u5408\u5149\u6536\u96c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u79bb\u57df\u5316\u3001\u6ce2\u5305\u3001\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u548c\u8d85\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u968f\u540e\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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4.1.1.\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u65e9\u57281938\u5e74\uff0cFranck&Teller[34]\u5c31\u63d0\u51fa\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u673a\u5236\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8003\u8651\u4e86Frenkel \u6fc0\u5b50\u7684\u6269\u6563\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u5355\u4e2a\u5149\u5408\u8272\u7d20\u7535\u5b50\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u53e0\u52a0<\/span>\uff08\u56fe1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u968f\u77401990\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u98de\u79d2\u77ac\u6001\u5438\u6536\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7ec6\u83cc\u548c\u690d\u7269\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u957f\u5bff\u547d\u632f\u52a8\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e3a\u76ae\u79d2\u7ea7[35-40]\u3002\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb14\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u8d85\u5feb\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7ef4\u7535\u5b50\u5149\u8c31<\/span>\uff082D-ES\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u76d1\u6d4b\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u632f\u52a8\u6001\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u632f\u52a8<\/span>\uff08\u6df7\u5408\u6fc0\u5b50-\u632f\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u6001\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u53e0\u52a0\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u3002\u4e8c\u7ef4\u5149\u8c31\u663e\u793a\u5b58\u5728\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u632f\u8361\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5cf0[41][42]\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7814\u7a76\u5c06\u4ea4\u53c9\u5cf0\u4e0e\u6fc0\u5b50\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8026\u5408\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u632f\u8361\u88ab\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u7535\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u6fc0\u5b50\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u53e0\u52a0[42]\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u9879\u6b64\u7c7b\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u7eff\u8272\u786b\u7ec6\u83cc\u7684Fenna-Matthews-Olson<\/span>\uff08FMO\uff09<\/span>\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u672c\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u7531Fleming\u5c0f\u7ec4\u4e8e2007\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u6781\u957f<\/span>\uff08660fs\uff09<\/span>[3]\u30022009\u5e74\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u690d\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269<\/span>\uff08LHCII\uff09<\/span>\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u632f\u8361\u4fe1\u53f7\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb[43]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u521d\u59cb\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5728\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u662f\u57282010\u5e74\uff0cEngel[44]\u548cScholes[45]\u5c0f\u7ec4\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230FMO\u4e2d\u751f\u7406\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u632f\u8361\u548c\u4e24\u79cd\u6d77\u6d0b\u9690\u85fb\u85fb\u7c7b\u7684\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\u56fe 1. \u5c55\u793a\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u692d\u5706\u63cf\u7ed8\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u5f3a\u6fc0\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u7684\u989c\u6599\u7c07\uff0c\u7bad\u5934\u8868\u793a\u7c07\u4e4b\u95f4\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7c07\u5185\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u6240\u6709\u989c\u6599\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u79bb\u57df\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u76f8\u5e72\u5730\u4f20\u9012\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u4e0e\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u751f\u7406\u6e29\u5ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u662f\u5f88\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73af\u5883\u566a\u58f0\u968f\u7740\u6e29\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u800c\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u77ed\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\uff0c\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4fdd\u6301\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4ece\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6e29\u6696\u3001\u5608\u6742\u3001\u590d\u6742\u4f46\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u6548\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u4f20\u8f93\u7cfb\u7edf\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u73af\u5883\u8f85\u52a9\u91cf\u5b50\u8f93\u8fd0\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u5c06\u5149\u5408\u8272\u7d20\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u4e2d\u591a\u4e2a\u53d1\u8272\u56e2\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4e0e\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u81ea\u65cb\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u5185\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6781\u7aef\u6548\u7387\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u4e0e\u566a\u97f3\u4f1a\u964d\u4f4e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u4f20\u8f93\u6548\u7387[19,20]\u3002\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u5177\u6709\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u70b9\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8272\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8be5\u80fd\u91cf\u5dee\u5927\u4e8e\u8272\u7d20\u5206\u5b50-\u8272\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u5219\u8f6c\u53d8\u5c06\u88ab\u6291\u5236\u3002\u79fb\u76f8\u566a\u58f0\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u4f4d\u70b9\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e2e\u52a9\u514b\u670d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u9699\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e0d\u635f\u5931\u7cfb\u7edf\u6fc0\u53d1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6539\u5584\u4f4d\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0[46]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u652f\u6301\u548c\u53cd\u5bf9\u957f\u5bff\u547d<\/span>\uff08\u6700\u591a\u51e0\u76ae\u79d2\uff09<\/span>\u7535\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u7406\u8bba\u8bc1\u636e\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9FMO\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u76842D-ES\u7814\u7a76\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u957f\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u4e3b\u8981\u6765\u81ea\u57fa\u6001\u632f\u52a8\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6fc0\u5b50\u2013\u6fc0\u5b50\u53e0\u52a0[47,48]\u3002\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u62cd\u9891\u5e45\u5ea6\u5f88\u5c0f\uff0c\u8870\u51cf\u4ec5\u572860-240fs\u5185\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6fc0\u53d1\u6001\u632f\u52a8\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5b9e[48]\uff0c\u5176\u5728\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4ecd\u6709\u5f85\u786e\u5b9a\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u540e\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u95ee\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u2014\u2014\u6fc0\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u7535\u5b50\u632f\u52a8\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5149\u6536\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u5426\u662f\u6700\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u8272\u7d20-\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u8272\u7d20\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u8fd8\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u73af\u5883\u8f85\u52a9\u8f93\u8fd0\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u6216\u73af\u5883\u7279\u5f81\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u79cd\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u91cf\u5b50\u8f93\u8fd0\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1[49,50]\u3002\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u6536\u655b\u5df2\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u4f5c\u4e3a\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u91d1\u53d1\u59d1\u5a18\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u9a71\u52a8\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u5ea6\u201c\u6070\u5230\u597d\u5904\u201d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0\u6700\u5927\u6548\u7387\u548c\u6700\u4f18\u63a7\u5236<\/strong>[51]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e00\u822c\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5bf9\u632f\u8361\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89c2\u5bdf\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u6392\u9664\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u73af\u5883\u8f85\u52a9\u4f20\u8f93\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c[52]\u660e\u786e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u632f\u52a8\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u975e\u7ecf\u5178\u7279\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5149\u5408LHC\u5728\u4e9a\u76ae\u79d2\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u548c\u5ba4\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u68c0\u67e5\u5149\u5408LHC\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u53d8\u4f53\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u5ea6\u3001\u76f8\u5e72\u5bff\u547d\u4ee5\u53ca\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u6548\u7387\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
4.1.2.\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u3002\u4fc3\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ece\u4e9a\u76ae\u79d2\u5230\u6beb\u79d2\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u65e0\u5e8f\u548c\u76f8\u5e72\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u632f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\uff08\u632f\u52a8\u548c\u6fc0\u5b50\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6df7\u5408\uff09\u4ecb\u5bfc\u3002\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u8005\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u5fae\u79d2\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u65e9\u671f\u6b65\u9aa4\u5728\u8d85\u5feb\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5e76\u4e14\u53ea\u6d89\u53ca\u51e0\u4e2a\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u6574\u4f53\u6548\u7387\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe\u6ce8\uff1aD1\u548cD2\uff0c\u5bf9\u79f0\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5206\u652f\uff1bChl\uff0c\u53f6\u7eff\u7d20\uff1bP\uff0c\u521d\u7ea7\u7535\u5b50\u4f9b\u4f53\/\u7279\u6b8a\u5bf9Chl\uff1bPhe\uff0c\u8131\u9541\u53f6\u7eff\u7d20\u3002\u6539\u7f16\u81eaRomero\u7b49\u4eba[23]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
1966\u5e74\uff0cDeVault\u548cChance\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7d2b\u8272\u7ec6\u83cc\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6e29\u5ea6\u4f9d\u8d56\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u7684[53]\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u8fd9\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u7684\u8bc1\u636e[54]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u6838\u96a7\u7a7f\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840[42]\u3002\u867d\u7136Marcus\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7406\u8bba\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u6838\u96a7\u7a7f[2]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u80fd\u4f4e\u4f30\u4f4e\u6e29\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u901f\u7387\uff0c\u4f46\u534a\u7ecf\u5178Marcus\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u57fa\u4e8e\u975e\u8f90\u5c04\u8dc3\u8fc1\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5168\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6838\u96a7\u7a7f\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7387\u968f\u6e29\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5047\u8bbe\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u4e0e\u67d0\u4e9b\u8c10\u6ce2\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u5219\u8be5\u901f\u7387\u7531Jortner\u901f\u7387\u7ed9\u51fa\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u632f\u52a8\u5f1b\u8c6b\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6bd4\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u66f4\u77ed\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5e38\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u8d85\u5feb\u5149\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u53cd\u5e94\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u5feb\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u4ece\u4f9b\u4f53\u5230\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u5f1b\u8c6b\u3002\u632f\u52a8\u5f1b\u8c6b\u901a\u5e38\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u76ae\u79d2\u6216\u4e9a\u76ae\u79d2\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8d85\u5feb\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u53cd\u5e94\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c[55]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9ad8\u7b49\u690d\u7269\u5149\u7cfb\u7edfII\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3\u76842D-ES\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u4ea4\u53c9\u5cf0\u7684\u957f\u671f\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u6fc0\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ee5\u53ca\u6fc0\u5b50\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u72b6\u6001<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>[56]\u3002\u5728\u76f8\u5e72\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u6709\u6548\u548c\u8d85\u5feb\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u4e4b\u95f4\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027[56]\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u7531\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6a21\u578b\u5b9a\u91cf\u518d\u73b0\uff0c\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u5177\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u9014\u5f84\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9014\u5f84\u5728\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0[56-58]\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u8868\u660e\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u4ea4\u53c9\u5cf0\u632f\u8361\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8f85\u52a9\u5171\u632f\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u8272\u7d20\u56fa\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u8272\u7d20\u6fc0\u5b50\u8dc3\u8fc1\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u652f\u67b6\u8c03\u8282\u4ee5\u5339\u914d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u975e\u5e73\u51e1\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u9690\u85cf\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c42\u9762\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u751f\u7269\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u9759\u6001\u65e0\u5e8f\u666f\u89c2\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5149\u5408\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u5149\u6536\u96c6\u548c\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u8f93\u8fd0\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u652f\u67b6\u8c03\u8282\u7684\u8272\u7d20\u6fc0\u5b50\u8dc3\u8fc1\u4e0e\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u76f8\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u5171\u632f\u8f6c\u79fb[52,56]\u3002\u6838\u7535\u5b50<\/span>\uff08\u632f\u52a8\uff09<\/span>\u8026\u5408\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5149\u8bf1\u5bfc\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u3002\u5149\u8bf1\u5bfc\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e5f\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6a21\u5f0f\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea2\u5916\u6fc0\u53d1\u4e0e\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u9014\u5f84\u8026\u5408\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u800c\u53d1\u751f\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u6539\u53d8[59]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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4.1.3.\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u5149\u8c31<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

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\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u6709\u524d\u666f\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u5149\u5408\u590d\u5408\u7269\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u5f81\u30022D-ES\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u5206\u5b50\u632f\u52a8\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5177\u6709\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4ece\u590d\u6742\u5230\u590d\u6742\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u6162\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u6beb\u79d2\u5230\u5206\u949f\uff09<\/span>\u4e0a\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5bf9\u5355\u4e2a\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3001\u968f\u65f6\u95f4\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u9014\u5f84\u6240\u8868\u660e\u7684\u90a3\u6837[11, 60-62]\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9759\u6001\u7d0a\u4e71\u201d\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u4e8e\u76f8\u5bf9\u7f13\u6162\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u6784\u8c61\u52a8\u6001\u6ce2\u52a8\uff0c\u5149\u8c31\u7279\u5f81\u632f\u8361\u7684\u8870\u51cf\u53d7\u5230\u7cfb\u7efc\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u907f\u514d\u5355\u5206\u5b50\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e2d\u7684\u7cfb\u7efc\u5e73\u5747\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u6269\u5c55\u5230\u5fae\u89c2\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u63ed\u793a\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u751f\u7406\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n

\n
4.1.4.\u4eba\u5de5\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u4e3b\u5f20\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5176\u521d\u7ea7\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5c06\u4f7f\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u80fd\u591f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u78b3\uff09<\/span>\u6765\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u592a\u9633\u5149\u3001\u6c27\u6c14\u3001\u6c2e\u6c14\u7b49\u3002\u56f4\u7ed5\u6b64\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982[68-73]\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u4f17\u591a\u7ade\u4e89\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u81ea\u7136\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4ee5\u63d0\u53d6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c1d\u8bd5\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5f53\u524d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u9650\u5236\u662f\u5b58\u50a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531\u8fc7\u5ea6\u79ef\u7d2f\u7535\u8377\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u3002\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u8026\u5408\u8d28\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8[74]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u53d7\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u539f\u5219\u662f\u6fc0\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1a\u5b83\u4eec\u8d1f\u8d23\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u5149\u5438\u6536\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6f0f\u6597<\/span>\uff08\u5373\u6cbf\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u8870\u51cf\u66f4\u5feb\uff09<\/span>\u3001\u66f4\u5feb\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u66f4\u6709\u6548<\/span>\uff08\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6fc0\u53d1\u6355\u83b7\u53cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u5fc3[75]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u901a\u8fc7\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u8def\u5f84\u7684\u6ce2\u52a8\u5e72\u6d89\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u73af\u5883\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u8272\u7d20\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u589e\u52a0\u79bb\u57df\u548c\u63d0\u53d6\u6216\u5438\u6536\u632f\u52a8\u80fd\u91cf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u8fdb\u80fd\u91cf\u5728\u590d\u5408\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5c11\u6570\u9ad8\u6548\u5668\u4ef6\uff0c\u636e\u62a5\u9053\u7535\u8377\u63d0\u53d6\u6548\u7387\u63a5\u8fd1100%[79,80]\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5de5\u4f5c\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\u8be5\u5b50\u96c6\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u7684\u8fdc\u7a0b\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u5149\u4f0f\u548c\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u60ca\u4eba\u7684\u5de7\u5408\u3002\u6700\u521d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f9b\u4f53-\u53d7\u4f53\u754c\u9762\u5904\u7684\u7535\u8377\u5206\u79bb\u5c06\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u76ae\u79d2\u5230\u7eb3\u79d2\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u70ed\u6da8\u843d\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u7535\u8377\u8df3\u8dc3\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u6fc0\u5b50\u5230\u8fbe\u754c\u9762\u7684100\u98de\u79d2\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u7535\u8377\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u5149\u5408\u6fc0\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u98de\u79d2\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u548c\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u7684Marcus\u201c\u8df3\u8dc3\u201d\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u8fd9\u79cd\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u660e\u786e\u5305\u542b\u76f8\u5e72\u4f20\u8f93[81,82]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n
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 <\/span><\/section>\n

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4.2.\u9176\u50ac\u5316<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
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\u9176\u901a\u8fc7\u50ac\u5316\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u5bf9\u7ec6\u80de\u529f\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8fd9\u4e9b\u751f\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u901f\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u975e\u5e38\u4f4e\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u901f\u7387\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u673a\u5236\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8bfe\u9898\u3002\u8fc7\u6e21\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u89e3\u91ca\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u53d1\u5c55\u5f00\u59cb\u5173\u6ce8\u91cf\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u9176\u50ac\u5316\u591a\u6c22\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e00\u76f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e2d\u63cf\u8ff0\u6c22\u8f6c\u79fb[87]\u3002\u63cf\u8ff0\u91cf\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6a21\u578b\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u5b9e\u9a8c\u9176\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u9176\u5177\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e[88]\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u548c\u70ed\u95e8\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5305\u62ec\uff0c\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u5c40\u90e8\u632f\u52a8\u8fd0\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u5750\u6807\u5076\u8054\u6765\u4e3a\u9176\u63d0\u4f9b\u50ac\u5316\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fd0\u52a8\u6765\u8f85\u52a9\u50ac\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9176\u901a\u5e38\u4f9d\u9760\u7535\u5b50\u548c\u8d28\u5b50\u7684\u8026\u5408\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u7535\u8377\u4f20\u8f93\u548c\u50ac\u5316\u4f5c\u7528[87]\u3002\u5728\u751f\u7269\u80fd\u91cf\u50a8\u5b58\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u9a71\u52a8\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\u6613\u4f4d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u4e8e1961\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230[89]\uff0c\u4ece\u90a3\u65f6\u8d77\uff0c\u8d28\u5b50\u8026\u5408\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u673a\u5236[90]\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u751f\u6210\u548c\u8fd0\u8f93\u7684\u57fa\u7840[91]\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5e95\u7269\u952e\u7684\u6fc0\u6d3b[92]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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   <\/span><\/section>\n<\/h1>\n

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<\/section>\n

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<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
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5. \u611f\u77e5<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


<\/p>\n

\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u4ece\u73af\u5883\u611f\u77e5\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u65ad\u66f4\u65b0\u5185\u90e8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u5c0f\u53d8\u5316\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u529f\u80fd\u53d1\u751f\u5b8f\u89c2\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u8bae\u8bf4\uff0c\u51e0\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u4f20\u611f\u673a\u5236\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u68c0\u6d4b\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5c0f\u8282\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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5.1.\u78c1\u611f\u77e5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9e1f\u7c7b\u8fc1\u5f99\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u81eaSchulten\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u676540\u5e74[93]\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5bf9\u673a\u5236<\/strong>\u5728\u9e1f\u7c7b\u78c1\u611f\u77e5\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u786e\u7acb\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u7528\u4f5c\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u66ff\u4ee3<\/span>\uff08\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\uff09<\/span>\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e4b\u4e00\uff1a\u8be5\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4<\/span>\uff08\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5728\u5149\u6fc0\u53d1\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u548c\u5bf9\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u6b65\u9aa4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5bf9\u5728\u5355\u6001\u548c\u4e09\u91cd\u6001\u81ea\u65cb\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cd\u7ec4\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u89e3\u91ca\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u6b63\u662f\u5355\u6001-\u4e09\u91cd\u6001\u6df7\u5408\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u89e3\u91ca\u884c\u4e3a\u89c2\u5bdf\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5149\u4f9d\u8d56[94]\u3001\u503e\u659c\u65b9\u9762[95]\u548c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7f57\u76d8\u7684\u5171\u632f\u6548\u5e94[96,97]\u3002<\/span> <\/span><\/section>\n

 <\/span><\/p>\n

\u56fe3.\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5bf9\u673a\u5236\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u5165\u5c04\u5230\u4f9b\u4f53\u5206\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u5bfc\u81f4\u7535\u5b50\u5bf9\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u88ab\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u53d7\u4f53\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u79bb\u4f46\u81ea\u65cb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5bf9\u3002\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5bf9\u5728\u585e\u66fc\u6548\u5e94\u548c\u8d85\u7cbe\u7ec6\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\u5728\u5355\u6001\u548c\u4e09\u91cd\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u632f\u8361\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5b66\u4ea7\u54c1\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u91cd\u7ec4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u5bf9\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bb8\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u7f57\u76d8\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u548c\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3a\u7f57\u76d8\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u7684\u8bba\u636e<\/span>\uff08\u53c2\u89c1[98]\u548c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u4ee5\u4e86\u89e3\u8be5\u4e3b\u9898\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7f57\u76d8\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u534a\u7ecf\u5178\u6846\u67b6\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u7591\u95ee\u3002\u5bf9\u6b64\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u6307\u5357\u9488\u4ee4\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u96be\u4ee5\u7f6e\u4fe1\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u4e2d\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u80fd\u7ea7\u4ea4\u53c9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b[99]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u673a\u5236\u7ed3\u6784\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u4f5c\u4e3a\u78c1\u611f\u53d7\u4f4d\u70b9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53d7\u5230\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u690d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f31\u78c1\u573a\u4f1a\u589e\u5f3a\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u53cd\u5e94[100]\u3002\u5728\u679c\u8747\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u66fe\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u51fa\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u53ef\u80fd\u4ecb\u5bfc\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u78c1\u53cd\u5e94[101,102]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u5408\u4e4e\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5728\u5019\u9e1f\u773c\u4e2d\u786e\u8ba4\u4e86\u56db\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20[103]\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\u6765\u81ea\u5019\u9e1f\u7684\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u5728\u84dd\u8272\u5149\u8c31\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u6beb\u79d2\u5bff\u547d\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u57fa[104]\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u4e3a\u8fd9\u56db\u79cd\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u4e4b\u4e00Cry4\u5728\u9e1f\u7c7b\u7f57\u76d8\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u3002Cry4\u4ee5\u6052\u5b9a\u6c34\u5e73\u800c\u975e\u5468\u671f\u6027\u6a21\u5f0f\u8868\u8fbe\uff1b\u8fd9\u79cd\u6052\u5b9a\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6548\u5bfc\u822a\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684[105]\u3002Cry4\u7684\u53cc\u9525\u5b9a\u4f4d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5728\u5019\u9e1f\u8fc1\u5f99\u671f\u95f4\u8868\u8fbe\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u8c03\u4f46\u5728\u9e21\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8c03\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u4e3a\u78c1\u611f\u53d7\u5668\u662f\u53ef\u884c\u7684[106]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u9e1f\u7c7b\u8fc1\u5f99\u4f5c\u4e3a\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e3b\u9898\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5c06\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u4e2d\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u66f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u884c\u4e3a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8c03\u548c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7528\u632f\u8361\u5c04\u9891\u573a\u7684\u8ff7\u5931\u65b9\u5411\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u89c2\u5bdf\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u5916\uff0c\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u8d1f\u8d23\u8c03\u8282\u663c\u591c\u8282\u5f8b\uff0c\u4e0eDNA\u4fee\u590d\u9176\u5149\u89e3\u9176\u975e\u5e38\u76f8\u4f3c[107,108]\u3002\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4e86\u89e3\u9690\u82b1\u8272\u7d20\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u573a\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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5.2.\u55c5\u89c9<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
\u55c5\u89c9\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u201c\u95fb\u201d\u6570\u5343\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5473\u89c9\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u53d7\u4f53\u548c\u679c\u8747\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u5341\u79cd\u53d7\u4f53\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u5982\u6b64\u60ca\u4eba\u7075\u654f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8bc6\u522b\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8c1c\u30021928\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7406\u8bba[109]\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u55c5\u89c9\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u6c14\u5473\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u632f\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u30021996\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\u518d\u6b21\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5076\u8054\u53d7\u4f53\u4f7f\u7528\u975e\u5f39\u6027\u7535\u5b50\u96a7\u7a7f\u6765\u6d4b\u91cf\u5206\u5b50\u632f\u52a8\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\u50cf\u9501\u548c\u94a5\u5319\u4e00\u6837\u53ea\u662f\u5f62\u72b6\u5339\u914d [110]\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4f4d\u70b9\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u5dee\u4e0e\u6c14\u5473\u5242\u7684\u632f\u52a8\u80fd\u91cf\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u624d\u4f1a\u4ece\u4f9b\u4f53\u4f4d\u70b9\u96a7\u7a7f\u4f20\u8f93\u5230\u53d7\u4f53\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u55c5\u89c9\u632f\u52a8\u7406\u8bba\u8ba9\u4eba\u60f3\u8d77\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u4e2d\u6fc0\u5b50\u7684\u58f0\u5b50\u8f85\u52a9\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u632f\u52a8\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56fe4.\u8bf4\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u55c5\u89c9\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u5148\u524d\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u55c5\u89c9\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u9002\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u53d7\u4f53\u7684\u6c14\u5473\u5242\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u800c\u679c\u8747\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c18\u548c\u6c22\u4e24\u79cd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u6c18\u53d6\u4ee3\u6c22\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c14\u5473\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u632f\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u6c14\u5473\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528[111]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/span><\/section>\n
\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u679c\u8747\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\u6c14\u5473\u5242\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u68c0\u6d4b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6c18\u548c\u6c22\u4e24\u79cd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5206\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u72b6<\/span>\uff08\u56fe4\uff09<\/span>[111]\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u6c18\u53d6\u4ee3\u6c22\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u6c14\u5473\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u632f\u52a8\u9891\u7387\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u679c\u8747\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u5316\u5b66\u4e0a\u65e0\u5173[111]\u30022007\u5e74[112]\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u7b80\u5355\u4f46\u901a\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u673a\u5236\u7684\u7269\u7406\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u548c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u542f\u53d1\u7684\u5ba4\u6e29\u5206\u5b50\u4f20\u611f\u8bbe\u5907\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n

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5.3.\u8ba4\u77e5<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n<\/h2>\n
       <\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u5c1a\u672a\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u8eab\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u8111\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u7ed3\u6784\u5982\u4f55\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002Michael Lockwood 1989\u5e74\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u8eab\u4f53\u548c\u91cf\u5b50[113]\u6216Henry Stapp \u4e8e2009\u5e74Mindful Universe\u4e2d\u7684\u89c2\u70b9[114]\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u54f2\u5b66\u6216\u79d1\u666e\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u4e13\u8457\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u6279\u8bc4\u4e5f\u6307\u5411\u7f57\u6770\u00b7\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u548c Stuart Hameroff \u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u795e\u7ecf\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u7ec6\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5373\u5fae\u7ba1\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u7b56\u5212\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u51cf\u5c11\u201d<\/span>\uff08orchestrated objective reduction\uff09<\/span>\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u5f6d\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u673a\u5236[115]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n

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\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u79d1\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u4ece\u66f4\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e6\u53ca\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u5927\u8111\u201d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7814\u7a76\u8bd5\u56fe\u5229\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u6765\u6539\u8fdb\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7528\u4e8e\u673a\u5668\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u6a21\u578b\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6e90\u81ea\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u52a8\u529b\u5b66[116,117]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63a5\u8fd1\u91cf\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u795e\u7ecf\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0cMaxTegmark[118]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f30\u8ba1\u53c2\u4e0e\u52a8\u4f5c\u7535\u4f4d\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u6bd4\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5c0f10~20\u4e2a\u6570\u91cf\u7ea7\u3002\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u795e\u7ecf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u79bb\u5b50\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u4f1a\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e4b\u524d\u5f88\u4e45\u5c31\u88ab\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u5fc5\u987b\u5c55\u793a\u751f\u7269\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5b8f\u89c2\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002Matthew Fisher \u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u78f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5f53\u795e\u7ecf\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u5927\u8111\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u91cf\u5b50\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u6027\u53d7\u5230\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u7eb3\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u7eb3\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u78f7\u9178\u6839\u79bb\u5b50\u4e0e\u9499\u79bb\u5b50\u7ed3\u5408\u3002\u7ea0\u7f20\u7684\u6ce2\u65af\u7eb3\u5206\u5b50\u7136\u540e\u89e6\u53d1\u795e\u7ecf\u5143\u653e\u7535\u7387\u7684\u975e\u5c40\u90e8\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u5173\u6027[119]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u9ebb\u9189\u836f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f15\u5bfc\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u4e4b\u8def\u3002\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u5b83\u201c\u53ef\u6eb6\u4e8e\u6c2f\u4eff\u201d[120]\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u6eb6\u4e8e\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f7c\u6b64\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u3002\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u610f\u8bc6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d[121]\uff0cTurin \u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u53ef\u9006\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u679c\u8747\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u6297\u9ebb\u9189\u7684\u7a81\u53d8\u679c\u8747\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5168\u8eab\u9ebb\u9189\u5242\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\u67d0\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5360\u636e\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4f9b\u4f53\u548c\u53d7\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u4f20\u8f93\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u5927\u8111\u5904\u4e8e\u65e0\u610f\u8bc6\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u7531\u5bc6\u5ea6\u6cdb\u51fd\u7406\u8bba<\/span>\uff08\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u5177\uff09<\/span>\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u53d8\u5316\u5c06\u5bf9\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u6d4b\u91cf\u5bf9\u4e8e\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fd9\u79cd\u6548\u5e94\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b64\u7c7b\u53d1\u73b0\u975e\u5e38\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u5e76\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u8be5\u5b66\u79d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8d21\u732e\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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6. \u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u539f\u59cb\u751f\u7269<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec6\u83cc\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u8bc6\u522b\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f00\u653e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u6a21\u578b\u6210\u529f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7535\u8377\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u4ece\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u5230\u7531\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6d8c\u73b0\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5bf9\u661f\u9645\u51b0\u4e2d\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u524d\u4f53\u7684\u63a2\u6d4b\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u592a\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u5f57\u661f\u6216\u9668\u77f3\u7b49\u7269\u4f53\u8fd0\u9001\u5230\u5730\u7403\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u5b66\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\u661f\u9645\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u548c\u4e30\u5bcc\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6c30\u5316\u6c22<\/span>\uff08HCN\uff09<\/span>\u4f4e\u805a\u7269\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50<\/span>\uff08prebiotic molecule\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528[122-126]\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5728\u661f\u9645\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u4e86HCN\u7684\u4e8c\u805a\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span>\uff08\u6c30\u57fa\u7532\u4e9a\u80fa\uff09<\/span>[127]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u661f\u9645\u6c14\u76f8\u751f\u4ea7\u8def\u7ebf\u65e0\u6cd5\u751f\u4ea7\u5927\u91cf\u7684HCN [128,129]\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u68c0\u6d4b\u5230\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u661f\u9645\u4ecb\u8d28\u4e2d\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u81ea\u53d1\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u5728\u5f00\u653e\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002\u4f4e\u6e29\u661f\u9645\u51b0\u51b7\u73af\u5883\u4e0e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5982HCN\u5f3a\u8026\u5408\uff0c\u5e76\u88ab\u5165\u5c04\u7684\u7d2b\u5916\u7ebf\u8f90\u5c04\u6fc0\u53d1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u6765\u81ea\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\u503c\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e9b\u524d\u751f\u547d\u5206\u5b50\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5728\u53ef\u884c\u7684DNA\u8bbe\u8ba1[130]\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u975e\u51e1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u5206\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u80bd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u8def\u8981\u8d70\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5982\u4f55\u51c6\u786e\u533a\u5206\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\u548c\u7ec4\u6210\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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7. \u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u548c\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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\u590d\u6742\u6027\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u7cfb\u7edf\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u538b\u7f29\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b80\u5316\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u96c6\u5408\uff0c\u5219\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5b8f\u89c2\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53ef\u89c1\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u5f81\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u5230\u9ad8\u5149\u8c31\u5bc6\u5ea6\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5e78\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u9891\u8c31\u4e2d\u7684\u6df7\u6c8c\u6da8\u843d\u5305\u542b\u6709\u5173\u7cfb\u7edf\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u666e\u904d\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u5174\u9886\u57df\u5173\u6ce8\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u79bb\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u73b0\u8c61\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4ece\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u5206\u5b50\u7ec4\u88c5\u4e2d\u7684\u98de\u79d2\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u79fb\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u5177\u6709\u5149\u6355\u83b7\u590d\u5408\u7269\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u7ec4\u6210\u590d\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5374\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u5316\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u9057\u4f20\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4ecb\u5bfc\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u53ea\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u5728\u8be5\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e4b\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7ec6\u8282\u4e0d\u53d7\u751f\u7269\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5173\u6ce8\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5b8f\u89c2\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7eb3\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u884c\u4e3a\u8981\u4f20\u8fbe\u9009\u62e9\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u662f\u53ef\u9009\u62e9\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u53d8\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u624d\u662f\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fdb\u5316\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u62e9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e3b\u5f20\u53d8\u5f97\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u90fd\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u5316\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u5316\u5b66\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u62e9\u91cf\u5b50\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u65f6\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8303\u56f4\u5185<\/span>\uff08\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u53d8\u4f53\u4e2d\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c3a\u5ea6\u95ee\u9898\u5c06\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d1\u5c55\u5f88\u91cd\u8981[131]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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8. \u8ba8\u8bba\u4e0e\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5173\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u4e66\u662f Pascual Jordan [132] \u64b0\u5199\u7684\u300a\u6709\u673a\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u8c1c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Physics of the mystery of organic molecules<\/em>\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea1932\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8c1c\u56e2\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f88\u660e\u663e\uff0c\u7c97\u7c92\u5316\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\u65e0\u6cd5\u51c6\u786e\u63cf\u8ff0\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6301\u7eed\u4e89\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7528\u9014\u5f84\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u7269\u542f\u53d1\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u672f\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6280\u672f\u53ef\u4ee5\u80dc\u8fc7\u4e3a\u76f8\u540c\u76ee\u7684<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u91cf\u5229\u7528\u6216\u73af\u5883\u4f20\u611f\uff09<\/span>\u800c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bbe\u5907\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u81ea\u7136\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u751f\u7406\u6e29\u5ea6\u548c\u6781\u5176\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e86\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5e74\u5b8c\u5584\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b8f\u89c2\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e0a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u5e94\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u826f\u597d\u8fd0\u8f6c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u4fe1\u606f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u4e2d\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6c72\u53d6\u7075\u611f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u578b\u91cf\u5b50\u70ed\u673a\uff0c\u5b83\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8bf4\u660e\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5373\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u548c\u632f\u52a8\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5355\u4e00\u80fd\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u76f8\u5e72\u4ea4\u6362\u53ef\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u5149\u6536\u96c6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u529f\u7387\uff0c\u8d85\u8fc7\u5355\u72ec\u4f7f\u7528\u70ed\u673a\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u529f\u7387\u3002\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4f18\u52bf\u5df2\u88ab\u91cf\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8be5\u539f\u7406\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u9002\u7528\u6027\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8bc1\u660e[133]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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