{"id":38313,"date":"2022-11-04T21:35:56","date_gmt":"2022-11-04T13:35:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=38313"},"modified":"2022-11-04T21:35:56","modified_gmt":"2022-11-04T13:35:56","slug":"%e5%bc%95%e5%8a%9b%e6%9d%a5%e8%87%aa%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e4%bf%a1%e6%81%af%e5%90%97%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=38313","title":{"rendered":"\u5f15\u529b\u6765\u81ea\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u5417\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u81ea\u6d3d\u5730\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u5c55\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5982\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u4e2d\u8d77\u5230\u57fa\u7840\u6027\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8c1c\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u4f1a\u7ed9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5e26\u6765\u6700\u4e3a\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0cBekenstein\u548cHawking[1-4]\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u4f7f\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u6709\u71b5\u2014\u2014\u5426\u5219\u7684\u8bdd\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u6254\u5230\u9ed1\u6d1e\u91cc\uff0c\u71b5\u5c31\u51ed\u7a7a\u51cf\u5c11\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u71b5\u516c\u5f0f S=A\/4G\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u71b5\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u89c6\u754c\u9762\u79efA, \u800c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u7cfb\u6570\u7531\u725b\u987f\u5f15\u529b\u5e38\u91cfG\u51b3\u5b9a<\/span>\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u53d6c= \u210f=1\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u4e00\u65e6\u5f62\u6210\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53d8\u6210\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\u5f62\u533a\u57df\u91cc\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u7269\u8d28\u6001\u7684\u71b5\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u9ed1\u6d1e[5,6]\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7403\u5f62\u533a\u57df\u91cc\u9762\u80fd\u591f\u5bb9\u7eb3\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5\uff0c\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
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1. \u5168\u606f\u539f\u7406<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u56fe 1. \u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u548cRT\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002(a) \u4f53\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u8fb9\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5168\u606f\u5f71\u50cf\u3002\u4f53\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u603b\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u6570\u76ee\u7531\u8fb9\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u50cf\u7d20\u201d\u6570\u76ee\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u6f14\u751f\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u7ef4\u5ea6z\u4ee3\u8868\u80fd\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\uff0c\u8d8a\u6df1\u5165\u4f53\u6001\u5185\u90e8\u80fd\u91cf\u5c3a\u5ea6\u8d8a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5927\u3002(b) \u533a\u57dfA\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u71b5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e8e\u6781\u5c0f\u66f2\u9762 \u03b3A \u7684\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u7531A\u5411\u4f53\u6001\u5185\u90e8\u5f62\u53d8\u76f4\u5230\u9762\u79ef\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u503c\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86 \u03b3A\u3002(c) \u5728\u6709\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u65f6\u7a7a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6781\u5c0f\u66f2\u9762 \u03b3A \u88ab\u9650\u5236\u5728\u9ed1\u6d1e\u89c6\u754c\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u5e76\u4e14\u9762\u79ef\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8eA\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5076\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28\u90fd\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u5bf9\u5076\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u4e2a\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u57282006\u5e74\uff0c\u7b20\u771f\u751f<\/span>\uff08Shinsei Ryu\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u9ad8\u67f3\u5321<\/span>\uff08Tadashi Takayanagi\uff09<\/span>[11]\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57dfA\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u71b5\uff0c\u5bf9\u5076\u4e8e\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f2\u9762 \u03b3A \u7684\u9762\u79ef\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u66f2\u9762\u662f\u8ddfA\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u8fb9\u754c\u7684\u66f2\u9762\u4e2d\u9762\u79ef\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe1b\u548c1c\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u7ea0\u7f20\u71b5\u8ddf\u66f2\u9762\u9762\u79ef\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ddf\u9ed1\u6d1e\u71b5\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff1aS= |\u03b3A|\/4G\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u5f0f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aRT\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u66f2\u9762 \u03b3A \u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aRT\u66f2\u9762\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u5c31\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u51e0\u4f55\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5171\u5f62\u573a\u8bba\u7684\u57fa\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u53cd\u5fb7\u897f\u7279\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0cRT\u66f2\u9762\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u589e\u957f\u6bd4A\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u8981\u6162\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f2\u9762\u8d8a\u662f\u6df1\u5165\u4f53\u6001\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u9762\u79ef\u5143\u8d8a\u5c0f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u9650\u6e29\u5ea6\u7684\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u4f53\u6001\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0cRT\u66f2\u9762\u5c31\u88ab\u5939\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u89c6\u754c\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5e73\u884c\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u5c31\u6b63\u6bd4\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u533a\u57dfA\u7684\u4f53\u79ef\u3002\u6e29\u5ea6\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4f53\u6001\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8d8a\u5927\uff0cRT\u66f2\u9762\u5c31\u8d8a\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u9762\u79ef\u4e5f\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u8fd9\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u70ed\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u71b5\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u543b\u5408\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
RT\u516c\u5f0f\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u63a8\u5e7f[12,13]\u6697\u793a\u7740\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20\u662f\u5efa\u9020\u65f6\u7a7a\u51e0\u4f55\u7684\u6750\u6599[14,15]\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5bfb\u627e\u6ee1\u8db3\u5168\u606f\u539f\u7406\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u662f\u627e\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u7f20\u6027\u8d28\u6ee1\u8db3RT\u516c\u5f0f\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u6ee1\u8db3RT\u516c\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u533a\u57dfA\u8ddf\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57dfB\u548cC\u7684\u5173\u8054\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e92\u4fe1\u606f\uff08mutual information\uff09\u6765\u91cf\u5ea6\uff09<\/span>\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u5927\u4e8eAB\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u548cAC\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u4e4b\u548c[16]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u975e\u5c40\u57df\u7684\u5173\u8054\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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2. <\/span><\/strong><\/strong>\u6765\u81ea\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u7684\u5b9a\u57df\u6027<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u76f8\u4fe1\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6001\u90fd\u552f\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u4f53\u6001\u5185\u90e8\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6ex\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u5c40\u9650\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u70b9\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u79bb\u8fb9\u754c\u5f88\u8fdc<\/span>\uff08\u56fe2a\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6709\u4e0a\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u643a\u5e26\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u5b9a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u64cd\u7eb5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u2014\u2014\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u6001\u90fd\u5bf9\u5e94\u8fd9\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u6001\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\u81ea\u65cb\u7684z\u65b9\u5411\u5206\u91cf\u5e94\u8be5\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u7406\u8bba\u91cc\u6d4b\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b97\u7b26\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6d4b\u91cf\u4f53\u6001\u91cc\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8fd9\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8ddf\u4f53\u6001\u7684\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\u662f\u77db\u76fe\u7684\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f53\u6001\u7406\u8bba\u6ee1\u8db3\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6ca1\u6709\u529e\u6cd5\u8d85\u8d8a\u5149\u901f\uff0c\u90a3\u600e\u4e48\u53ef\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u6765\u5373\u65f6\u64cd\u63a7\u548c\u8fb9\u754c\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\u56fe 2. \u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u4e0e\u4ece\u8fb9\u754c\u64cd\u63a7\u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279 \u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002(a) \u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u70b9x\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u4e0d\u80fd\u9a6c\u4e0a\u88ab\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982A\uff09\u63a2\u6d4b\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u64ad\u9700\u8981\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u533a\u57df\uff08\u4f8b\u5982B\uff09\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u64cd\u7eb5\u5b83\u3002(b) \u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u7801\u7684\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u88ab\u5b58\u50a8\u5230\u4e94\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u4e2d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e24\u4e2a\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4ecd\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u4e09\u4e2a\u4e2d\u8bfb\u51fa\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u57282014\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cAhmed Almheiri\uff0c\u8463\u5e0c\u548cDaniel Harlow (ADH)[17]\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6096\u8bba\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f18\u7f8e\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u4e2d\u628a\u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u5c40\u57df\u7b97\u7b26<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u7ffb\u8f6c\u4e00\u4e2ax\u70b9\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\uff09<\/span>\u5bf9\u5e94\u5230\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u533a\u57df\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u8fb9\u754c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\u53eb\u505a\u5c40\u90e8\u91cd\u6784<\/span>\uff08local reconstruction\uff09<\/span>[18,19]\u3002\u8fd0\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6280\u672f\uff0cADH\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u5373\u65f6\u64cd\u63a7\u4f53\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u80fd\u591f\u64cd\u63a7\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8db3\u591f\u5927\u7684\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe2a\u4e2d\u7684B\u533a\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u64cd\u63a7\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u533a\u57df<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u56fe2a\u4e2d\u7684A\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f60\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u64cd\u7eb5\u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u81ea\u65cb\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u80fd\u64cd\u7eb5\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4f53\u6001\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u64cd\u7eb5\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5b83\u201c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u201d\u79bb\u5f97\u5f88\u8fdc\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\u548c\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u9650\u2014\u2014\u5149\u901f\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u80fd\u529b\u6709\u9650\u3001\u65e0\u6cd5\u540c\u65f6\u64cd\u63a7\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4e00\u5927\u5757\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u3002<\/span>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u201c\u6b63\u597d\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\uff01\uff09<\/span>\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0cADH\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e0d\u662f\u65b0\u7684\uff0c\u6b63\u597d\u5c31\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u8fc7\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u7801<\/span>\uff08quantum error correction code\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u673a\u5236\u548c\u7ecf\u5178\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u7ea0\u9519\u662f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5197\u4f59\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u50a8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u91cc\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8bc1\u5982\u679c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u51fa\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u4ece\u672a\u51fa\u9519\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u4e2d\u628a\u4fe1\u606f\u63d0\u53d6\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cf\u5b50\u7f16\u7801\u3002\u5728\u521a\u624d\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u4f53\u6001\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u72b6\u6001|\u2191\u27e9,|\u2193\u27e9\u88ab\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u5bf9\u5e94\u4e8e\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6001\u662f\u5bf9\u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u7f16\u7801<\/span>\uff08encoding\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u573a\u8bba\u60f3\u8c61\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u7684\u89c2\u6d4b\u8005\u65e0\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u6216\u8005\u5f71\u54cd\u4f53\u6001\u4e2d\u7684\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u5c31\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u57df\u51fa\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u9519\u8bef<\/span>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u4e22\u5931\u4e86\u6216\u8005\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\uff09<\/span>\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u6389\u4f53\u6001\u81ea\u65cb\u4e2d\u50a8\u5b58\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4f53\u6001\u5f15\u529b\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u6027\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u6027\u8d28\u8ddfRT\u516c\u5f0f\u4e5f\u662f\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u7684[20]\u3002\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8bf4\uff0cRT\u516c\u5f0f\u7ed9\u51fa\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u71b5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u6027\u8d28\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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3. \u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9a\u57df\u6027\u7684\u65b0\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u53d6\u5f97\u8fdb\u5c55\u5462\uff1fRT\u516c\u5f0f\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7ea0\u9519\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u53ea\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u522b\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f88\u591a\u91cf\u5b50\u591a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u666e\u904d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u5462\uff1f\u51b3\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6027\u8d28\u7684\u5173\u952e\u8981\u7d20\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\uff1f\u548c\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\u592a\u96be\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u5148\u6784\u9020\u4e00\u4e9b\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u73a9\u5177\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u589e\u8fdb\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
2009\u5e74Brian Swingle\u63d0\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e00\u7c7b\u79f0\u4e3a\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08tensor network\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u9610\u91ca\u5168\u606f\u5bf9\u5076\u548cRT\u516c\u5f0f[21]\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u51dd\u805a\u6001\u7269\u7406\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f3a\u5173\u8054\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7814\u7a76[22-24]\u3002Swingle\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7528\u5230\u7684\u4e00\u7c7b\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u662fGuifre Vidal\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u201c\u591a\u5c3a\u5ea6\u7ea0\u7f20\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u6a21\u578b\u201d<\/span>\uff08Multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz, MERA\uff09<\/span>[24]\u3002\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6784\u9020\u591a\u4f53\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5f20\u91cf\u201d\u662f\u7531\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5c11\u4f53\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u628a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u4e4b\u95f4\u7ea0\u7f20\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5c11\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u201c\u7c98\u5408\u201d\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n
\u6784\u5efa\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5f88\u50cf\u628a\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\u8054\u7ed3\u6210\u4e92\u8054\u7f51\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u5f53\u6211\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u5c01\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u6211\u7684\u7535\u8111\u4f20\u5230\u6536\u4fe1\u4eba\u7684\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u7684\u4e2d\u7ee7\u3002\u5728\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u901a\u8fc7\u91cf\u5b50\u6d4b\u91cf\u88ab\u6295\u5f71\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ea0\u7f20\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea0\u7f20\u6001\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7ad9\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u8fde\u63a5\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u56fe3\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f20\u91cf\u53ea\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u6001\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5f20\u91cf\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u63cf\u8ff0\u590d\u6742\u5f97\u591a\u7684\u591a\u4f53\u7ea0\u7f20\u7ed3\u6784[25]\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe 3 \u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u6001\u548c\u4f53\u6001\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u3002(a) \u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u6001\u7684\u6784\u9020\u65b9\u5f0f\u793a\u610f\u56fe\u3002\u9996\u5148\u5236\u5907\u6bcf\u4e2a\u94fe\u63a5\u4e0a\u7684EPR\u7ea0\u7f20\u5bf9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u8d77\u4e2d\u7ee7\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u201c\u670d\u52a1\u5668\u201d\u8282\u70b9S1,S2\u4e0a\u505a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ea0\u7f20\u6d4b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u4f59\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279ABCD\u7684\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u6001\u3002(b) \u4e24\u4e2a\u533a\u57dfA\u548cB\u5177\u6709\u540c\u6837\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u71b5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e24\u4e2aEPR\u5bf9\u628aA\u8ddf\u56fe\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u90e8\u5206\u76f8\u8fde\u63a5\uff0cA\u7684\u7ea0\u7f20\u71b5\u8f83\u5927\u3002(c) \u4f53\u6001\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f20\u91cf\u7f51\u7edc\u201c\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u5230\u8fb9\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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4.<\/span><\/strong><\/strong> \u52a8\u529b\u5b66\u548c\u6df7\u6c8c<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n


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