{"id":38807,"date":"2022-11-30T22:52:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-30T14:52:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=38807"},"modified":"2022-11-30T22:52:29","modified_gmt":"2022-11-30T14:52:29","slug":"%e8%9a%81%e5%b7%a2%ef%bc%8c%e7%a9%b6%e7%ab%9f%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e5%b0%8f%e7%a4%be%e4%bc%9a%ef%bc%8c%e8%bf%98%e6%98%af%e4%b8%80%e4%b8%aa%e6%9c%89%e6%9c%ba%e4%bd%93%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=38807","title":{"rendered":"\u8681\u5de2\uff0c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1995\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u6885\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u53f2\u5bc6\u65af<\/span>\uff08John Maynard Smith, 1920-2004\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u7406\u8bba\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u57c3\u6d1b\u65af\u00b7\u65af\u8d5e\u739b<\/span>\uff08E\u00f6rs Szathm\u00e1ry, 1959-\uff09<\/span>\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u516b\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8<\/strong><\/span>\uff08Major transitions in evolution\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9006\uff0c\u4e14\u8f6c\u53d8\u540e\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5747\u6709\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u518d\u6b21\u6f14\u5316\u4e3a\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e14\u590d\u6742\u6027<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7ec6\u80de\u6570\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u79cd\u7c7b\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u53ef\u540c\u65e5\u800c\u8bed\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u201c\u91cd\u5927\u8f6c\u53d8\u201d\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u51fa\u73b0\u540e\uff0c\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u6570\u76ee\u4e0e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u6025\u907d\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6f14\u5316\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u8f90\u5c04\u201d<\/span>\uff08adaptive radiation\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u767d\u8681\u6709\u4e09\u5343\u79cd\uff0c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u767d\u8681\u5c31\u5360\u4e86\u4e24\u5343\u79cd\u3002\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5de2\u5185\u5206\u5de5\u66f4\u662f\u51fa\u73b0\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u5207\u53f6\u8681\u91cc\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u8681\u5de2\u5c31\u53ef\u56ca\u62ec\u591a\u8fbe\u516b\u767e\u4e07\u53ea\u8682\u8681\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u8681\u540e\u548c\u5927\u5c0f\u5f62\u6001\u5404\u5f02\u7684\u5de5\u8681\u54c1\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u4e00\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u5de5\u8681\u54c1\u7ea7\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u5206\u5de5\u3002\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u662f\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u5386\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bfb\u627e\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bc1\u636e<\/span><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

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<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/h3>\n
 <\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u201c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5df2\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u5e76\u5438\u5f15\u7740\u65e0\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f46\u8bba\u8bc1\u201c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u786e\u5b58\u5728\u201d\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u4ecd\u505c\u7559\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u4e0e\u884c\u4e3a\u5b66\u4e0a\u3002\u968f\u7740\u5f53\u4ee3\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u5426\u4ece\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u53bb\u8bc1\u660e\u8681\u5de2\u662f\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8981\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u548c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u51fa\u53d1\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5047\u8bf4\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u6574\u4e2a\u5de2\u7a74\u7684\u8682\u8681\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u6210\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc<\/span>\uff08gene regulatory network\uff09<\/span>\u4f1a\u5982\u540c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e00\u822c\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u548c\u53d1\u80b2\u89c4\u5f8b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4eba\u7c7b\u548c\u7334\u7c7b\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4eba\u548c\u7334\u7684\u540c\u6e90\u5668\u5b98<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u5927\u8111\uff09<\/span>\u5fc5\u7136\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u6240\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7528\u7334\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a8\u7269\u6a21\u578b\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7c7b\u75be\u75c5\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8681\u540e\u548c\u5de5\u8681\u5f53\u6210\u662f\u8681\u5de2\u8fd9\u4e00\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5185\u7684\u5668\u5b98\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd<\/span>\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u9ed1\u8681\u3001\u5927\u5934\u8681\u3001\u7ea2\u706b\u8681\u3001\u5207\u53f6\u8681\u2026\u2026\uff09<\/span>\u4e2d\uff0c\u8681\u540e\u548c\u5de5\u8681\u7684\u5206\u5de5\u53d7\u5230\u540c\u6e90\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7f51\u7edc\u8c03\u63a7\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u652f\u7531\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u6606\u660e\u52a8\u7269\u6240\u3001\u4e39\u9ea6\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u534e\u5927\u57fa\u56e0\u8054\u5408\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u56e2\u961f\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u5de5\u4f5c<\/span>\uff08\u6ce8\uff1a\u8fd9\u652f\u56e2\u961f\u7531\u5f20\u56fd\u6377\u6559\u6388\u5e26\u9886\uff0c\u90b1\u3001\u6234\u4e24\u4f4d\u4f5c\u8005\u76f4\u63a5\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u9879\u76ee\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u56e2\u961f\u5229\u7528\u5fae\u91cfRNA\u6d4b\u5e8f\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6210\u5e74\u8682\u8681\u8111\u7ec4\u7ec7\u8fdb\u884c\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u5206\u6790\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u8c03\u63a7\u5de5\u8681\u548c\u8681\u540e\u54c1\u7ea7\u5206\u5de5\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd\u91cc\u5341\u5206\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8682\u8681\u548c\u871c\u8702\u91cc\u5219\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u540c[5,6]\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5c5e\u4e8e\u540c\u6e90\u6027\u72b6\uff0c\u800c\u8682\u8681\u548c\u871c\u8702\u7684\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5219\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8d8b\u540c\u6f14\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53d1\u73b0\u63d0\u793a\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e0e\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e00\u6837\u53d7\u57fa\u56e0\u8c03\u63a7\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u89c4\u5f8b\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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Tips<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

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\u8d8b\u540c\u6f14\u5316<\/span>\uff08convergent evolution\uff09<\/span>\u6307<\/span>\u7684\u662f\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u4f3c\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u6027\u72b6\u7684\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u5176\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e0d\u662f\u6e90\u4e8e\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u6027\u72b6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u5916\u754c\u539f\u56e0\u6240\u81f4<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u957f\u671f\u5904\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u73af\u5883\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u5e38\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\uff0c\u6606\u866b\u548c\u9e1f\u7c7b\u90fd\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u5b83\u4eec\u5171\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u522b\u72ec\u81ea\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4e86\u98de\u7fd4\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


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\u5047\u5982\u8682\u8681\u5de2\u7a74\u4e2d\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u4e0e\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u673a\u53d1\u80b2\u5c42\u9762\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5462\uff1f<\/span>
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\u73b0\u4ee3\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u5eb7\u62c9\u5fb7\u00b7\u970d\u5c14\u00b7\u6c83\u4e01\u987f<\/span>\uff08Conrad H. Waddington\uff0c1905-1975\uff09<\/span>\u5728\u300a\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u300b<\/span>\uff08The Strategy of the Genes\uff09<\/span>\u91cc\uff0c\u628a\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u80da\u80ce\u53d1\u80b2\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e3a\u77f3\u5757\u4ece\u9ad8\u5c71\u4e0a\u6eda\u843d\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a<\/span>\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5730\u5f62<\/span>\uff08Epigenetic landscape\uff09<\/span><\/strong>\uff08\u56fe2\uff09<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe2.\uff08\u5de6\uff09Conrad H. Waddington \u7684\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u5730\u5f62\uff08Epigenetic landscape\uff09\uff1b\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u8682\u8681\uff08\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ee5\u6cd5\u8001\u8681\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\u7684\u54c1\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u5047\u5982\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u671f\uff0c\u5de5\u8681\u548c\u8681\u540e\u7684\u5206\u5316\u540c\u6837\u7b26\u5408\u6c83\u4e01\u987f\u7684\u8868\u89c2\u9057\u4f20\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6709\u7740\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56fe3-1. \u5927\u91cf\u8682\u8681\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u4f53\u8f6c\u5f55\u7ec4\u7684\u54c1\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\uff0c\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u5206\u8f68\u5316\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u56fe3-2. \u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u91cc\u7684\u6e20\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u8681\u540e\u548c\u5de5\u8681\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5668\u5b98\u8868\u8fbe\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n


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\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u90fd\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5de5\u8681\u548c\u8681\u540e\u7684\u5206\u8f68\u5316\u57fa\u56e0\u8868\u8fbe\u5747\u4f5c\u7528\u4e8e\u54c1\u7ea7\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u6b64\u4f18\u5316\u8681\u5de2\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5de5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u4f18\u5316\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u3002\u53ef\u89c1\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u53d1\u80b2\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u4e2a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5355\u4e2a\u8682\u8681\uff09<\/span>\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u8681\u5de2\uff09<\/span>\u5c42\u9762\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u56de\u5230\u5f00\u7bc7\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u8682\u8681\u8eab\u4e0a\u5b66\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u539f\u7406\u548c\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3002<\/span><\/strong>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u751f\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u805a\u96c6\u800c\u6210<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u7c98\u83cc\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u590d\u6742\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u662f\u7531\u5355\u7ec6\u80de<\/span>\uff08\u5982\u53d7\u7cbe\u5375\uff09<\/span>\u5206\u88c2\u53d1\u80b2\u800c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u73b0\u5b58\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7269\u79cd\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8682\u8681\u3001\u871c\u8702\u3001\u80e1\u8702\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u9ad8\u7b49\u767d\u8681\uff0c\u5747\u662f\u7531\u5355\u914d\u5076\u5236<\/span>\uff08\u4e00\u592b\u4e00\u59bb\uff09<\/span>\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u6f14\u5316\u800c\u6765\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5de7\u5408\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u7814\u7a76\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5b66\u4e60\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u590d\u6742\u8c03\u63a7\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u5e76\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u7406\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u590d\u6742\u6027\u7684\u5171\u540c\u4e4b\u5904<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u65e9\u57281953\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u58eb\u5b66\u8005\u99ac\u6797\u00b7\u8def\u4e18<\/span>\uff08Martin L\u00fcscher\uff09\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u7d20\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u9996\u521b\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09<\/span>\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u628a\u4e00\u5de2\u767d\u8681\u770b\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u673a\u4f53\uff0c\u5355\u4e2a\u767d\u8681\u4fbf\u6b63\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u767d\u8681\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u54c1\u7ea7\u5206\u5316\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u53bb\u7406\u89e3\u7ec6\u80de\u95f4\u7684\u4fe1\u53f7\u4f20\u9012\u548c\u7ec6\u80de\u5206\u5316\u539f\u7406[9]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u5b58\u5728\u764c\u7ec6\u80de\u7b49\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u201d\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u91cc\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u201c\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u5de5\u8681\u201d\uff0c\u5979\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ee5\u8681\u5de2\u6574\u4f53\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u5077\u5077\u8fdb\u884c\u7e41\u6b96<\/span>\uff08\u751f\u4ea7\u5bf9\u5de2\u7a74\u201c\u6beb\u65e0\u8d21\u732e\u201d\u7684\u96c4\u8681\uff09<\/span>\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\u8bb8\u591a\u793e\u4f1a\u6027\u6606\u866b\u4e2d\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5982\u540c\u514d\u75ab\u7ec6\u80de\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u201c\u8b66\u5bdf\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4e0d\u5c11\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u5de5\u8681\u4f1a\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5077\u5077\u4ea7\u4e0b\u7684\u5375\u5403\u6389\uff0c\u7ef4\u6301\u5de2\u7a74\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7406\u89e3\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u75be\u75c5\u53d1\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u8fd8\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u957f\u5bff\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u7269\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u79cd\u7fa4\u4e43\u81f3\u7269\u79cd\u5185\u90e8\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u95f4\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u5dee\u5f02\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u8870\u8001\u7684\u53d1\u751f\u4e0e\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u7406\u3002\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7269\u79cd\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u5bff\u547d\u7f29\u77ed\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u6709\u4e00\u5957\u7ef4\u6301\u673a\u4f53<\/span>\uff08\u5bff\u547d\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u6743\u8861\u673a\u5236\u2014\u2014\u5728\u76f8\u540c\u80fd\u91cf\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0e\u7e41\u6b96\u53ef\u8c13\u9c7c\u4e0e\u718a\u638c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u53ef\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u5de5\u8681\u53ea\u80fd\u6d3b\u6570\u6708\u5230\u6570\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u8bb0\u5f55\u7684\u8681\u540e\u5bff\u547d\u6700\u957f\u5374\u53ef\u8fbe\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u5e74\uff01<\/strong>\u8681\u540e\u6210\u4e86\u65e2\u53ef\u7e41\u6b96\u53c8\u80fd\u957f\u5bff<\/strong>\u7684\u5178\u578b\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b66\u300b<\/span>\uff08Science\uff09<\/span>\u6742\u5fd7\u91cc\uff0c\u6709\u5b66\u8005\u8ba9\u8df3\u9570\u731b\u8681<\/span>\uff08Harpegnathos saltator\uff09<\/span>\u7684\u5de5\u8681\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u751f\u6b96\u8681<\/span>\uff08\u4f2a\u8681\u540e\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5de5\u8681\u7684\u5bff\u547d\u589e\u957f\u4e86\u4e94\u500d\uff01<\/strong>\u5176\u4e2d\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20\u4fe1\u53f7\u901a\u8def\u6216\u8bb8\u8d77\u5230\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528[10]\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


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\u4ece\u8d85\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u53bb\u770b\uff0c\u5de5\u8681\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u800c\u4ea4\u914d\u524d\u540e\u7684\u8681\u540e\u5219\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u6b96\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u4ece\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f53\u7ec6\u80de\u5904\u4e8e\u968f\u65f6\u66f4\u65b0\u6362\u4ee3\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u6bcf\u5c0f\u65f6\u90fd\u670942\u4ebf\u4e2a\u7ec6\u80de\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3001\u88ab\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u751f\u6b96\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u5e72\u7ec6\u80de\u5219\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7e41\u884d\u4e0e\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8681\u540e\u6bd4\u5de5\u8681\u957f\u5bff\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u7684\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u6784\u5dee\u5f02\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e4b\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u8682\u8681\u7269\u79cd\u7684\u8681\u540e\u4e0e\u5de5\u8681\u5bff\u547d\u76f8\u5dee\u53ef\u4ece\u51e0\u500d\u5230\u5341\u51e0\u500d\u4e0d\u7b49\u3002\u7406\u89e3\u5176\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u548c\u8c03\u63a7\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u7aa5\u957f\u5bff\u7684\u5965\u79d8\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u611f\u8c22\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u6606\u660e\u52a8\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5189\u6d69\u8001\u5e08\u5bf9\u672c\u6587\u7684\u5ba1\u8bfb\u548c\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

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[1] \u674e\u7b60\u8bfb\u300a\u8682\u8681\u793e\u4f1a\u300b\uff5c\u877c\u8681\u7684\u5e1d\u56fd\u96c4\u5fc3 (\u4e0a\u6d77\u4e66\u8bc4: https:\/\/m.thepaper.cn\/newsDetail_forward_15990209)<\/span><\/p>\n

[2] Wheeler, W. M. The ant\u2010colony as an organism. J Morphol 22, 307–325 (1911).<\/span><\/p>\n

[3] \u5189\u6d69. \u52a8\u7269\u738b\u671d. \u5317\u4eac: \u4e2d\u4fe1\u51fa\u7248\u96c6\u56e2(2020).<\/span><\/p>\n

[4] \u767d\u8681\u57ce\u5821\uff1a\u795e\u5947\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5e1d\u56fd. \u5189\u6d69 (https:\/\/m.fx361.com\/news\/2021\/0830\/8812703.html)<\/span><\/p>\n

[5] Nagel, M. et al. The gene expression network regulating queen brain remodeling after insemination and its parallel use in ants with reproductive workers. Sci Adv 6, eaaz5772 (2020).<\/span><\/p>\n

[6] Qiu, B. et al. Towards reconstructing the ancestral brain gene-network regulating caste differentiation in ants. Nat Ecol Evol 2, 1782\u20131791 (2018).<\/span><\/p>\n

[7] Li, Q. et al. A single-cell transcriptomic atlas tracking the neural basis of division of labour in an ant superorganism. Nat Ecol Evol 6, 1191\u20131204 (2022).<\/span><\/p>\n

[8] Qiu, B. et al. Canalized gene expression during development mediates caste differentiation in ants. Nat Ecol Evol 6, 1753\u20131765 (2022).<\/span><\/p>\n

[9] L\u00fcscher, M. The termite and the cell. Sci Am 188, 74\u201378 (1953).<\/span><\/p>\n

[10] Yan, H. et al. Insulin signaling in the long-lived reproductive caste of ants. Science 377, 1092\u20131099 (2022).<\/span><\/p>\n


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