{"id":39997,"date":"2023-01-25T22:02:36","date_gmt":"2023-01-25T14:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=39997"},"modified":"2023-01-25T22:02:36","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T14:02:36","slug":"%e7%83%ad%e5%8a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%a7%a3%e9%87%8a%e8%bf%9b%e5%8c%96%e8%ae%ba%ef%bc%9a%e6%9c%80%e5%a4%a7%e5%8c%96%e7%86%b5%e4%ba%a7%e7%94%9f%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86%e9%a9%b1%e5%8a%a8%e4%b8%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/swarma.org\/?p=39997","title":{"rendered":"\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u91ca\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff1a\u6700\u5927\u5316\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e28\u65b0\u6625\u7279\u8f91"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n

\u5bfc\u8bed<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u4eba\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u90fd\u575a\u4fe1\u7740\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u201c\u7269\u7ade\u5929\u62e9\u201d\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u539f\u5219\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u6574\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u7bc7\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e 2007 \u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u9610\u8ff0\u4e86\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u751f\u547d\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u96c6\u667a\u4ff1\u4e50\u90e8\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e0e\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5c0f\u7ec4\u66fe\u5728 2009 \u5e74\u7684\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7814\u8bfb\u8fc7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c2019 \u5e74 4 \u6708\uff0c\u96c6\u667a\u7b2c\u8c37\u8bfb\u4e66\u4f1a\u91cd\u6e29\u7ecf\u5178\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u505a\u4e86\u7ebf\u4e0a\u8bb2\u89e3\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u89c6\u9891\u89c1\u6587\u672b\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
<\/svg><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
<\/strong><\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n

John Whitfield<\/span> <\/span>| \u4f5c\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

SBu <\/span>| \u8bd1\u8005<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Krystal<\/span> <\/span>| \u5ba1\u6821<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6797\u4e0b\u3001\u9093\u4e00\u96ea<\/span> <\/span>| \u7f16\u8f91<\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u4f7f\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n

\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u76f8\u4e92\u77db\u76fe\u7684\u3002\u6700\u660e\u663e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8fbe\u5230\u71b5\u7684\u6700\u5927\u503c\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6709\u5e8f\u5ea6<\/span>\uff08order\uff09<\/span>\u548c\u53ef\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u5747\u4e3a\u6700\u4f4e\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c01\u95ed\u7684\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\u6253\u5f00\u4e00\u74f6\u9999\u6c34\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u9999\u6c14\u4f1a\u5f25\u6f2b\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u907f\u514d\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u6001\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u8005\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u8bba\u70b9\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u8f93\u51fa\u71b5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u5185\u90e8\u79e9\u5e8f\u5e76\u5efa\u7acb\u590d\u6742\u6027\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u4e00\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u5438\u6536\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u4ee5\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u66f4\u9ad8\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u71b5\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c06\u80fd\u91cf\u8f90\u5c04\u51fa\u6765<\/strong>\u3002<\/span>\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14<\/span>\uff08Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger\uff09<\/span>\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u601d\u8003\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u98df\u7269\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u8d1f\u71b5\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u65b0\u9648\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f53\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c06\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u71b5\u4e2d\u89e3\u653e\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u201d[1]<\/span><\/strong><\/span>
<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u67e5\u5c14\u65af\u00b7\u7f57\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e00\u6574\u7c7b\u590d\u6742\u800c\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fdd\u53cd\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8be5\u5b9a\u5f8b\u800c\u5b58\u5728<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u8fdb\u5316\u548c\u751f\u547d\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u540c\u6837\u5e94\u8be5\u57fa\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u5bf9\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u53ef\u4ee5\u521b\u9020\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u6052\u661f\u3001\u6676\u4f53\u3001\u6d41\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u6f29\u6da1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u800c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u6700\u590d\u6742\u3001\u6700\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5b83\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5417\uff1f\u7531\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u95f4\u76f8\u4e92\u7ade\u4e89\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6700\u7ec8\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5417\uff1f<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Eric Smith\u8bf4\uff1a<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/strong>\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u4e0d\u662f\u72ec\u6709\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u66f4\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ade\u4e89\u6027\u6392\u65a5\u7684\u590d\u6742\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong>\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587\u4e2d[2]<\/span>\uff0cSmith\u53ca\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u590d\u6742\u7248\u672c<\/strong><\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u751f\u6210\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u76ee\u524d\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u5c11\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Eric Smith\uff0c\u5723\u5854\u83f2\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u79cd\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u50cf\u4e13\u95e8\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u6765\u5e73\u8861\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\u2014\u2014\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269<\/strong>\uff0c\u5f53\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\u65f6\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u66f4\u5feb<\/strong>\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5747\u5300\u7684\u9759\u6001\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\uff0c\u5929\u6c14\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u70ed\u91cf\u4ece\u70ed\u5e26\u5730\u533a\u4f20\u9012\u5230\u6781\u5730\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5feb\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0cSmith\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u751f\u547d\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\u2014\u2014\u5728\u5730\u7403\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u91ca\u653e\u5730\u70ed\u80fd\u79ef\u805a\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5730\u70ed\u80fd\u91ca\u653e\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u7ed3\u679c[3]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u8fd9\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u90fd\u4f1a\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u80fd\u591f\u6700\u597d\u5730\u8017\u6563\u6389\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u79ef\u538b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u80fd\u91cf\u6216\u8005<\/span>\u662f\u5730\u70ed\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5728\u5149\u5408\u4f5c\u7528\u51fa\u73b0\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u957f\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u65e0\u5e8f\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f1a\u66f4\u5feb\u5730\u5e73\u8861\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u4f1a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u5730\u8fd9\u4e48\u505a<\/span>\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u8fd0\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406 <\/strong><\/span>\uff08maximum entropy production\uff0cMEP\uff09<\/span>\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u9884\u6d4b\u4e86\u5730\u7403[4]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3001\u571f\u661f\u7684\u536b\u661fTitan[5]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u7684\u6c14\u5019\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u6676\u4f53\u7684\u751f\u957f[6]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u4f46\u76f4\u5230\u6700\u8fd1\uff0cMEP\u90fd\u8fd8\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u2014\u2014\u6ca1\u6709\u673a\u5236\u6216\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u800c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u65e0\u80fd\u4e3a\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u89e3\u91ca\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u71b5\uff0c\u5728\u5c01\u95ed\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u7ecf\u5178\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u50cf\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u8fd9\u6837\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u4ea7\u751f\u591a\u5c11\u71b5\u3002<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u8ba9\u7cfb\u7edf\u4ea7\u751f\u71b5\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u5feb\uff0c\u5373\u6700\u5927\u5316\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u539f\u7406  <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

Roderick Dewar\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u5efa\u6a21\u5e08\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u519c\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u673a\u6784\u6ce2\u5c14\u591a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u81ea\u5df1\u5df2\u7ecf\u8de8\u8d8a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6570\u5b66\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u65b0\u8868\u8ff0\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\uff0cDewar\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7531\u8bb8\u591a\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u3001\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7cfb\u7edf\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u201c\u9009\u62e9\u201d\u5176\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53d7\u4efb\u4f55\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5916\u529b\u7684\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48MEP\u4f1a\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u6a21\u5f0f[7]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u90e8\u5206\u5728\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff0cMEP\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u72b6\u6001\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5fae\u89c2\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u65e0\u6570\u53ef\u80fd\u6392\u5217\u4e2d\u5360\u6bd4\u6700\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\uff0cDewar\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8c08\u8bba\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u4e2d\uff0c\u8be2\u95ee\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u79cd\u72b6\u6001<\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6982\u7387\u95ee\u9898<\/strong>\u3002\u201c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u4f55\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u80fd\u591f\u4ee5\u66f4\u591a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u867d\u7136\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u601d\u8003\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u60f3\u5047\u8bbe\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u8fd9\u4f1a\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u5e26\u5230\u54ea\u91cc\u53bb\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5411\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u751f\u547d\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u71b5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e8e\u65e0\u83cc\u6c60\u6216\u88f8\u9732\u7684\u5ca9\u77f3\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5145\u6ee1\u6d6e\u6e38\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6c60\u5858\u6216\u4e00\u7247\u8349\u5730\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u592a\u9633\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u5730\u7403\u6bd4\u706b\u661f\u6216\u91d1\u661f\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u5730\u5c06\u592a\u9633\u5149\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u5fae\u6ce2\u8f90\u5c04\uff0c\u4e0e\u5b87\u5b99\u80cc\u666f\u8f90\u5c04\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u6f14\u66ff\u8fd9\u7c7b\u751f\u6001\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8349\u539f\u6210\u4e3a\u68ee\u6797\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u71b5\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5f80\u5f80\u80fd\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5438\u6536\u80fd\u91cf\u2014\u2014\u60f3\u60f3\u6211\u4eec\u4eba\u7c7b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u79cd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5982\u4eca\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u592a\u9633\u5149\u4e2d\u7ea640\uff05\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u5728\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u91ca\u653e\u5316\u77f3\u71c3\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u71b5\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u5426\u88ab\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3aMEP\u8d8b\u52bf\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5f0f\u7684\u4e3a\u4e86\u7e41\u884d\u540e\u4ee3\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\uff1f\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u8fbe\u5230MEP\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u5426\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u51cc\u9a7e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e00\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u71b5\u548c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u662f\u7b49\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u70ed\u5e26\u68ee\u6797\u6210\u4e3a\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002 |<\/span> <\/span>\u56fe\u4fbf\u6765\u6e90\uff1aJohn Whitfield<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u662f\u9002\u8005\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u7ed3\u679c<\/strong>\u3002<\/strong>\u201d\u2014\u2014\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5f88\u5947\u7279\uff0c\u4f46Dewar\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7684\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u540c\u4e8b\u4eec\u7528MEP\u7406\u8bba[8]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cATP\u5408\u6210\u9176\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7ec6\u80de\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u751f\u6210\u5668\u4e0e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\u7684\u9ad8\u6548\u5e73\u8861\u5668\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\u603b\u7684\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cDewar\u60f3\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u6700\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6355\u83b7\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5c06\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u4ece\u4e00\u70b9\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8fc7\u7a0b\u80fd\u591f<\/span>\u4ece\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u89e3\u91ca\u3002\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5b83\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5982\u4f55\u4ece\u5927\u91cf\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u4ea7\u751f\u3002Dewar\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u7edf\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u4f1a\u8bf4\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u5927\u901a\u91cf\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5b83\u4eec\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u79cd\u72b6\u6001\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u201d\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5141\u8bb8\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u751f\u7269\u5e94\u8be5\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u505a\u51fa\u5b9a\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b\u3002Dewar\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u96be\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5b83\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u7ed9\u51fa\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5982\u4eca\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528MEP\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u7684\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u5bb6John Harte\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cDewar\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u662f\u6770\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u9886\u57df\u90fd\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u201d\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4ed6\u8865\u5145\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u7406\u89e3\u98df\u7269\u7f51\u3001\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\u90e8\u7269\u8d28\u548c\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6c14\u5019-\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u90fd\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u71b5\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u71b5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f3a\u5927\u4f46\u96be\u4ee5\u6349\u6478\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5206\u652f\u5df2\u7ecf\u80fd\u591f\u72ec\u7acb\u5730\u8868\u8ff0\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5982\u8ba1\u91cf\u548c\u751f\u6001\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u71b5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u71b5\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u662f\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6e29\u5dee\u8fd9\u7c7b\u80fd\u91cf\u68af\u5ea6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u505a\u529f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u968f\u7740\u68af\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u7f13\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e0e\u5468\u56f4\u73af\u5883\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u65e0\u7528\u7684\u70ed\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u71b5\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u5b8f\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5fae\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6392\u5217\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u662f\u6700\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u65e0\u5e8f\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u629b1000\u679a\u786c\u5e01\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u662f500\u4e2a\u6b63\u9762\u548c500\u4e2a\u53cd\u9762\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u71b5\u4e5f\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u5ea6\u201d\uff1a\u4e00\u676f\u767d\u5496\u5561\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6392\u5217\u6570\u91cf\u8fdc\u8fdc\u5927\u4e8e\u4e00\u676f\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u5c42\u725b\u5976\u7684\u9ed1\u5496\u5561\u3002<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u71b5\u662f\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\u4eec\u6700\u4e0d\u786e\u5b9a\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u5e8f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e32\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bcd\u662f\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u71b5\u3002\u800c\u4e00\u4e32\u968f\u673a\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u975e\u5e38\u6742\u4e71\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u643a\u5e26\u4efb\u4f55\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4e14\u5177\u6709\u6700\u5927\u7684\u71b5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u71b5\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u662f\u7531\u6570\u5b66\u5bb6\u514b\u52b3\u5fb7\u00b7\u9999\u519c (Claude Shannon) \u63d0\u51fa\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u8861\u91cf\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u6307\u6570\u2014\u2014\u9999\u519c\u6307\u6570 (Shannon index) \u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u6570\u8868\u793a\u4e86\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u7c7b\u522b\u4e2d\u4e2a\u4f53\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5747\u5300\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u79cd\u7c7b\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u6570\u91cf\u8d8a\u5747\u7b49\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\uff1b\u8fd9\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7b49\u4ef7\u4e8e\u71b5\u7684\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002\u5728\u6700\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6001\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u535a\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5979\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4ec0\u4e48\u7269\u79cd\u3002<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n
\u52a8\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c31\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u4eec\u6cbf\u7740\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u8fdb\u884c\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7387\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n
\u53e6<\/span>\u4e00\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bd5\u56fe\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u6765\u9884\u6d4b\u751f\u7269\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u7ec6\u8282\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u662f\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08Adrian Bejan\u3002Bejan\u6ca1\u6709\u8003\u8651\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5fae\u89c2\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u6784\u9020\u6cd5\u5219\u201d<\/strong>  <\/span>(Constructual law) <\/span>[9]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5728\u8bf8\u5982\u6cb3\u6d41\u6d41\u57df\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7269\u7406\u7f51\u7edc\u548c\u8840\u7ba1\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6d41\u52a8\u7684\u3002Bejan\u7684\u6784\u9020\u6cd5\u5219\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d41\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u4f7f\u5b83\u6301\u7eed\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u63a8\u79fb\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u6d41\u901a\u7684\u6e20\u9053\u2014\u2014\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u7528\u66f4\u5c11\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u71c3\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u6bcf\u5355\u4f4d\u71c3\u70e7\u7684\u71c3\u6599\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u71b5\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n

<\/p>\n

Adrian Bejan\uff0c\u675c\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u673a\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u4e1a\u6559\u6388<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Bejan\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u662f\u7ed3\u6784\u81ea\u6211\u6539\u9020\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4f7f\u5f97\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u4f1a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5feb\u901f\u6709\u6548\u5730\u6d41\u8fc7<\/strong>[10]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u52a8\u7269\u4ea4\u4e92\u8fd8\u662f\u6cb3\u6d41\u7eb5\u6a2a\uff0c\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u8f83\u5dee\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002Bejan\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u652f\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u7bad\uff0c\u4e0e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b\u8d8b\u5411\u6df7\u4e71\u5ea6\u76f8\u547c\u5e94\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u968f\u7740\u4f53\u578b\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u6b65\u5e45\u6216\u62cd\u6253\u7fc5\u8180\u9891\u7387\u7684\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u52a8\u7269\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u6d41\u52a8[11]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002Bejan\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u6d41\u52a8\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c06\u81ea\u6211\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0e\u4e9a\u9a6c\u900a\u6cb3\u6c34\u5728\u9646\u5730\u4e0a\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u9075\u5faa\u7740\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5219\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Dewar\u5374\u4e0d\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6784\u9020\u6cd5\u5219\u5904\u7406\u7684\u662f\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u56e0<\/strong>\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201cBejan\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7cfb\u7edf\u5e94\u8be5\u91c7\u7528\u6700\u4f18\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8868\u660e\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u5230\u5e95\u4ec0\u4e48\u88ab\u6700\u5927\u5316\u4e86\u8fd8\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u2014\u2014\u90a3\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4ed6\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201dBejan\u8ba4\u4e3aDewar\u5bf9\u7cfb\u7edf\u6700\u5c0f\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u662f\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fdb\u5165\u5fae\u89c2\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u5b8f\u89c2\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n
\u52a8\u7269\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u4f7f\u52a8\u7269\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5bb9\u6613\u5730\u5728\u5730\u8868\u901a\u884c<\/span>\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n

\u4e0d\u4ec5\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u5bf9\u6b64\u5b58\u5728\u5f02\u8bae\uff0c\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e5f\u62b5\u5236\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b96\u6c11\u4ed6\u4eec\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u4f01\u56fe\u3002\u5df2\u6545\u7684Ernst Mayr\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u751f\u6b96\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u9057\u4f20\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b80\u5316\u4e3a\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4e00\u95e8\u72ec\u7acb\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u79d1\u5b66<\/strong>[12]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5e76\u975e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5148\u8d24\u90fd\u8fd9\u4e48\u8ba4\u4e3a: Francis Crick\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7ec8\u6781\u76ee\u6807\u201d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u548c\u7269\u7406[13]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u81ea\u5df1\u3002
<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Lloyd Demetrius\u5e76\u4e0d\u6392\u65a5\u7269\u7406\u3002\u4ed6\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u7edf\u8ba1\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u628a\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5f53\u4f5c\u6c14\u4f53\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201c\u8fdb\u5316\u71b5<\/strong>\u201d\u7684\u91cf[14]<\/sup><\/span><\/strong>\u3002\u8fd9\u5728\u6570\u5b66\u4e0a\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u71b5\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u5e74\u9f84\u8de8\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u6df7\u4e71\u5ea6\u3002Demetrius\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5728\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cf\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u8f83\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u66f4\u5584\u4e8e\u5e94\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\u73af\u5883\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5728Demetrius\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fdb\u5316\u71b5\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6700\u5927\u5316\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u7740\u65f6\u95f4\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u6839\u672c\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a<\/strong>\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u548c\u7269\u7406\u9009\u62e9\u624d\u662f\u4e00\u4f53\u7684<\/strong>\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u4e0d\u5728\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002Demetrius\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u673a\u5236\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u4ece\u5206\u5b50\u5230\u7ec6\u80de\u548c\u9ad8\u7b49\u751f\u7269\u4f53\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4f1a\u5305\u62ec\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u6211\u590d\u5236\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u4e0e\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4f53\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\n
\n
\u4e5f\u8bb8\u518d\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002<\/span><\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/blockquote>\n

<\/section>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u88ab\u81ea\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u751f\u547d\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u6240\u9707\u64bc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u4e5f\u4e0d\u50cf\u770b\u4e0a\u53bb\u90a3\u4e48\u660e\u663e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u751f\u547d\u548c\u975e\u751f\u547d\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u8fde\u7eed\u7edf\u4e00\u4f53\uff0c\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5fc5\u987b\u6700\u5c0f\u5316<\/strong>\u3002\u201d \u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u56fd\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5929\u4f53\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Charles Lineweaver\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Lineweaver\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4ed6\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u201cfar from equilibrium dissipative systems<\/strong>\u201d<\/span>\uff08\u8fdc\u79bb\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u8017\u6563\u7cfb\u7edf\uff09<\/span>\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5728\u7ef4\u6301\u81ea\u8eab\u5904\u4e8e\u6709\u5e8f\u3001\u975e\u5e73\u8861\u6001\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4f1a\u80fd\u91cf\u8017\u6563\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u661f\u7cfb\u3001\u98d3\u98ce\u4ee5\u53ca\u52a8\u690d\u7269\u7b49\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u90fd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u4f53\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u751f\u547d\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6211\u6b63\u5728\u5bfb\u627e\u57fa\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u8fc7\u4e8e\u77ed\u6d45\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Lineweaver\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u6211\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u8f6c\u79fb\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u751f\u547d\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u5185\u90e8\u50a8\u5b58\u7e41\u6b96\u6307\u4ee4\u662f\u6b66\u65ad\u7684\u3002<\/strong>\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6052\u661f\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u524d\u4e00\u4ee3\u6052\u661f\u91ca\u653e\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u73af\u5883\u7684\u5f15\u529b\u3002\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u6750\u6599\uff1b<\/strong>\u4fe1\u606f\u5b58\u50a8\u5728\u54ea\u91cc\u5219\u65e0\u5173\u7d27\u8981<\/strong>\u3002Lineweaver\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u628a\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u70ed\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u8bf4\uff1a\u2018\u563f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u52a8\u7269\u2019\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5b83\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u7684\u795e\u79d8\u611f\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u628a\u751f\u547d\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8d8b\u5411\u4e8e\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u661f\u7cfb\u548c\u98d3\u98ce\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u6709\u751f\u547d\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3002(A) \u98d3\u98ce\u6234\u5b89\u5a1c\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u4e91\u9876\u56fe\u50cf\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u4e09\u7ea7\u98ce\u66b4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5230\u56db\u7ea7\u98ce\u66b4\u3002   (B) \u7c7b\u65e5\u6052\u661f\u7684\u591a\u5f69\u6d88\u4ea1\u3002| \u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\uff1a(A) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)\u51fa\u7248\uff0cNOAA\u4e2d\u592e\u56fe\u4e66\u9986 (ID: spac0289, NOAA in Space Collection)\u3002(B) NASA\/ESA, and K. Noll (STScI); \u81f4\u8c22\uff1aThe Hubble Heritage Team (STScI\/AURA)] <\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u5173\u4e8e\u201c\u6d3b\u529b\u8bba\u201d\u7684\u2014\u2014\u751f\u7269\u662f\u5426\u7531\u4e0e\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7269\u8d28\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u7531\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7edf\u7279\u6709\u7684\u201c\u751f\u547d\u529b\u201d\u9a71\u52a8\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u4f53\u9075\u5faa\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u751f\u547d\u548c\u65e0\u751f\u547d\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u7531\u540c\u6837\u7684\u7269\u8d28\u6784\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u670d\u4ece\u4e8e\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002\u4e5f\u8bb8\u518d\u8fc7\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5957\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u5957\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u547d\u548c\u7269\u8d28\u7cfb\u7edf<\/strong>\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/p>\n

Dewar\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5bfb\u627e\u5171\u540c\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u80fd\u591f\u5c06\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\u878d\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u548c\u6b7b\u4ea1\u6700\u7ec8\u5373\u662f\u5728\u80fd\u6e90\u548c\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u9650\u5236\u4e0b\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n


<\/section>\n

<\/section>\n
\n
\n
\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n
\n
\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

[1]Schr\u00f6dinger E (1992) What is life? Cambridge (United Kingdom): Cambridge University Press. 194 p.2.<\/span><\/section>\n
[2]Hoelzer GA, Smith E, Pepper JW (2006) On the logical relationship between natural selection and selforganization. J Evol Biol 19: 1785\u20131794.<\/span><\/section>\n
[3]Morowitz H, Smith E (2006) Energy flow and the organization of life. Santa Fe Working Paper 06-08-029.<\/span><\/section>\n
[4]Paltridge GW (1975) Global dynamics and climate – a system of minimum entropy exchange. Q J Roy Meteorol Soc 101: 475\u2013484.<\/span><\/section>\n
[5]Lorenz RD, Lunine JI, Withers PG, McKay CP (2001) Titan, Mars and Earth: Entropy production by latitudinal heat transport. Geophys Res Lett 28: 415\u2013418.<\/span><\/section>\n
[6]Hill A (1990) Entropy production as the selection rule between different growth morphologies. Nature 348: 426\u2013428.<\/span><\/section>\n
[7]Dewar RC (2005) Maximum entropy production and the fluctuation theorem. J Phys A 38: L371\u2013L381.<\/span><\/section>\n
[8]Dewar RC, Juretic D, Zupanovic P (2006) The functional design of the rotary enzyme ATP synthase is consistent with maximum entropy production. Chem Phys Lett 430: 177\u2013182.<\/span><\/section>\n
[9]Bejan A (2000) Shape and structure, from engineering to nature. Cambridge (United Kingdom): Cambridge University Press. 324 p.10.<\/span><\/section>\n
[10]Bejan A (2005) The constructal law of organization in nature: Tree-shaped flows and body size. J Exp Biol 208: 1677\u20131686.<\/span><\/section>\n
[11]Bejan A, Marden JH (2006) Unifying constructal theory for scale effects in running, swimming and flying. J Exp Biol 209: 238\u2013248.<\/span><\/section>\n
[12]Mayr E (1996) The autonomy of biology: The position of biology among the sciences. Q Rev Biol 71: 97\u2013106.<\/span><\/section>\n
[13]Crick F (1966) Of molecules and men. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 120 p.14.<\/span><\/section>\n
[14]Demetrius L (2000) Thermodynamics and evolution. J Theor Biol 206: 1\u201316.<\/span><\/section>\n


<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n

\n
\n

\uff08\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\u53ef\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6ed1\u52a8<\/strong>\u67e5\u770b\uff09<\/p>\n


<\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/section>\n


<\/section>\n